the yearly evioiions for non-payment
of rent in the one city of New
York exceed the entire nnmbor in Ire
land. Hnll Cnlnc, the novolist, telle hit
English friends that tho women of
America linvo becomo "intollectunlly
stronger tlmn the men themselves."
A mnchiue for picking berries is
naked for. "If there is anything bet
ter tbnit bright boys nml girlN, wo
hnven't found it," remarks the New
England Homestead..
It is enid that ouc-touth of the pop
nlntion of England suffer from gout.
Dr.Fehlaner.a Berlin physiciau, At
tributes this to the excessive consump
tion of meat, nud recommends n inoro
restricted or vegetarian diet.
( President Timing lias been investi
gating the number of graduates of
American colleges from the beginning.
The number seems to him to be about
300,000, a number somewhat larger
than is usually represented, of whom
about ISO, 000 are supposed to be now
living.
Russia's death rate is believed to be
greatly iucrensed by the practice of
the peasants in plunging into the
rivers after the blessing of the wnter
t the feast of the Epiphany, in the
belief that it has then the power to
wash away their sine. The practice
has long been forbidden at ttt, Peters
burg. Field-Marshal Lord Wolsoley, commander-in-chief
of the British army,
t a dinner given by the Press club in
London, made a speech iu the course
it which he said he did not bclievo iu
universal peace. The man who be
lieved the time was coming when there
would be no wars was a dangerous
ireamer, especially dangerous if ho
happened to hold a publia position.
He hoped that no such man would
ver be in the foremost place in public
life in Great Britain.
The Presbyterian ministers of China
have recently celebratod the fiftieth
anniversary of their work iu that
country. During the last five years
the Presbyterian board of missious
has distributed in China 201,081,749
pages of religious literature, in the
native language, of which 123,008,000
were pages of the Scripture, 43,897,
205 books, 18,472,100 magazines,
1,619,740 tracts ana 14,4U7,uu pages
of medical works, dictionaries, vo
cabularies and other aids to study.
Thore are over a thousand men in
New York aud Brooklyn, according to
the latest returns, who are worth be
tween $1,000,000 aud 81,500,000 each,
and the most of them are entirely un
known to the general publia Only
two citizens of New York John D.
Rockefeller and W. W. Astor are
supposed to be worth more thou $100,
000,003 apiece, but there are nino
others who are each worth $50,000,000
and over, as well as two estates of like
amount The total number of mil
lionaires in these two oities is greater
than in all the rest of the country.
It is a poor law, as well as a poor
rule, that does not work both ways.
In a suit brought by a woman iu Co
lumbus, Ohio, to reoover $800 lost by
her husband in a gambling place, the
proprietors of the resort offered in do
fenoe to prove that the husband oi
the plaintiff had on previous occasions
won $1,100 in the gambling den.
The court ruled that such evidence
was admissible, and that if the fact oi
the winning could be established, the
amount won would be a counter-claim
against any amount that had been
lost, and must be deducted in award
ing damages.
It will doubtless bo news to many
readers, remarks the New York Trib
une, that there are within the limits
of the United States spots over which
our government has no authority oi
naliiiinn on1 wliijiK nr. 4 n nil in. '
"...
tents and purposes foreign territory,
and, theoretically, subject to alien
rulers. They are situated right within
the very preoints of our National
Capital, and belong to one or the
other of the great powers of Europe,
which have acquired them by
purchase for the purpose oi
ereoting their embassies thereon.
To snch an extent is this diplomatio
flotion of extra-territoriality carried
that when the crown princess of Bra
zil, prior to the overthrow of Dom
Pedro's empire, was on the eve of her
confinement at Paris aha bad herseli
conveyed to the Briziliau embassy, in
order that the terms of the Imperial
Brigialian constitution might be ful
filled, which required that every
prinoe in the line of suooosaion to the
throne should be born on Brazilian
territory.
HISTORIC 8ITR
ttEMAIN OF AMRRICAJPS OT;D
K8T SKTlIiRMKXT IN PERU
tnmesto -n Island Rapidly Washing
A wny Tnwpr of the Ancient
Church Still St unfit nt; History
of the Illstorto Spot.
O'
KB of the oldest and moiit in
teresting relics of the settle
ment of North America, says
the Globe Democrat, is
Ihreatened with utter destruction by
I Jhe action of wind and tide.
Jamestown Island, than which no
place on the continent is more fall of
historical associations, lies in the
James River, about seventy miles be
low Richmond, find thirty above New-
fiort News. It is two and a half miles
oug aud a half mile in width. A re-
ItUINED TOWER THE ONLY RELIO
cent survey places the area at 1C00
acres. The top soil of the island,
composed of sandy loam, resting on a
bed of clay the latter lower than the
level of the water has, foot by foot,
been washed away, uutil even of its
most historic portion only a part re
mains. At the time of the arrival of
the settlers, May 13, 1607, it lay in
the land of the Pasbeheah Indians,
one of the tribes that acknowledged
the supremacy of the celebrated Pow
hatan. It was then and for many years af
ter oonneoted with the main shore by
a neck of land about thirty feet wide ;
bnt more than lOOycars ago the cease
less beating of the tide wore away
this passage, as it has destroyed others
that nave been artifloally.constructed
inoe.
A long sweep of open river for seven
miles above the place gives fall play to
the wind, and the constant impaot of
the waves has eaten into the unpro
tected shore until the obliteration of
the entire island is threatened ; and on
the most exposed part of the shore
stand the only remaining residences
of the once flourishing oity of James
town. FRAGMENTS OP OLD WALLS
The stone powder house built by
Captain John Smith for the protection
of the oolony'i store of ammunition
snooumbed several years ago J its foun
dations were completely sapped, and
it tumbled iufc the water of the
river. The strength of the walla is
evidenced, however, by the blooks of
stone lyioguoder the water still bound
together by the original cement t for
the remains of the pile may yet be
seen, the smooth blaok atones glisten
ing in the sunlight at low tide.
The James Island plantation, for
centuries famous for it fertility, was
utterly negleoted and growing up to
weeds when about two years ago Mr.
E. E. Barney, of Canton, Ohio, bought
the eutire place and beautifully im
proved it. But the Association for
the Preservation of Virginia Anti
quities, of wbiob,Mrs. Joseph Bryan
ia President, looked with re
gretful oy upon the passing away of
this celebrated oradle of American his
tory, and opened negotiations with
the owner for mob control m wonld
preserve whatever was left of the an
cient settlement. Mrs, Barney, a lady
of rare refinement, who fully appre
ciated the historic value of the spot,
made gift to the association of
twenty-two acres containing the tower
and the foundations of the old briok
church behind it. Subsequently,
through the effort of Mrs, Carry, the
wife of the Hon, J. L. M. Curry, ex
Minister to Spain, an appropriation
of $10,000 was made by Congress to
protect the island against further en
croachment of the river; and last year
the northern and eastern ends were
sloped and rip-rapped with stone for
a distance of 2000 feet. The ladies of
the association also undertook exten
sive improvements of their reserva
tion. Bat Alas 1 The relentless river has
resumed its insidious attack, and al
ready two-thirds of the wall is a rain.
The appropriation was insufficient
to back the wall with a clay foanda-
OF JAMESTOWN NOW STANDING.
tion ; the constant action of the waves
has washed the sand from between the
cracks, and the stones havo caved in
ward. Undaunted, however, by this
disaster, the ladies of the Association
for the Preservation of Virginia An
tiquities, are busily going about rais
ing money for reconstructing the work
in a substantial manner. They have
little hope of further aid from the
Government, and are using their own
resource?.
The association is steadily improv
ing the reservation containing the old
church tower. A wharf has been built
hard by, and it has been made an at
tractive spot for tourists. This tower,
which is undoubtedly the oldest relio
in America of tho early English settle
ments, is about thirty feet high and
beautilully draped with Virginia
creeper. In front of it stands the old
dirt fort, with its green mounds slowly
losing shape under the wear of time
and the gradual washing of the rains.
Jamestown Churoh had fallen into
ruins even before the Revolution, and
the walls that surround the little in
closure in the rear of the tower were
made out of its moldering walla in
1807 by John Ambler and William
STILL VISIBLE IN THE WATER.
Lee, then the owners of the land, to
protect such of the anoient tomb
stones that remained. The area thus
guarded was not more than one-third
that of the original church yard. The
plaoe ia now grown up in trees, and
their root entwine the walls and
cover the graves of the former set
tler. V
It i said that the church was first
an old sail hung to the great tree
whioh then densely covered the
ground. The pulpit was a bar of
wood nailed to a couple of neighbor
ing trees, add the audienoe sat upon
unhewn log during service.
A log ohuroh was erected later, and
Sir Thomas Dale is oredited with
"repairing the falling oburoh" in
May, 1611. Tho first briok ohuroh
was built in 1638. In a desoription
of the town in 1676 we are told that it
contained, beside briok ohuroh,
twelve briok dwellings and number
of frame house.
X briok of which the Jameitown
church of 1639 was constructed was
undoubtedly borne manufacture taken
from the clay of James Island, where
Alexander Btomar, brickmaker, pat
ented an acre of land near the briok
kiln there mentioned.
There can be no donbt that the
church at Jamestown was ropaired af
ter the fire in 1070, bnt this may still
leave the old steeple that is standing,
the relio of the first briok church iu
Virginia, tho ohnrch of 1038, the legitimate-
sucoessor of the old tail first
pat up as an awning.
In October, 1850, Bishop Meade
visited the place, accompanied by Dr.
Silas Totten, Bev. George U Wilmer
and others, and accurately measured
the foundation of tho chnroh, and
found it exactly 60x28 feet. The tower
was conjectured to be thirty feet high,
and by aotnal measurement proved to
be eighteen feet ejnsre.
After Bishop Meads' visit the
causeway from! Neck of Land was
bnilt by Major William Allen, the pro
prietor". In 1857 a celebration at
tended by 8000 people was held at
Jamestown nnder the auspices of the
old Jamestown Society, at which John
Tyler was the orator and James Bar
rod Hope was the poet. The Governor,
Henry A, Wine, was present and deliv
ered an eloquont address.
Daring the war in 1801 the island
was fortified by the Confederate
foroes, bnt after their abandonment
of the Feninsula it was held by the
Federal foroes.
On May 13, 1895, the old custom of
celebrating the settlement of James
town was revived by the ladies of tho
Antiquity Association and the faculty
of William and Mary College. An im
mense crowd was present and what will
hereafter be known as Virgfnin Day
wiis inaugurated. President Tyler, of
William and Mary, then made an ad
dress, from wbioh some of the faota
herein are taken. Alt lovers of an
tiquity will wish these Virginia women
good luck in preserving for the eyes
of future generations a spot so rich in
historic memories.
SANITARY I'LUMDINU
An
Important Feature of All Well-
Uullt Residences.
In the "Modern Houses" no feature
receives more attention from archi
tects and house builders than the sani
tary arrangement, bo now, among
the many praottcal and utilitarian de
tails of interior construction tending
to increase the comfort andconvenient
arrangement of houses none occupies
a more important position than those
relating to the fixtures, traps and
pipos which introduce and distributes
into our buildings a supply of pure
water for household use, and after
wards remove from them the semi
fluid fonl wastes, designated sewage.
When a man makes up his mind to
build, almost his first temptation to
cheapen his estimates oomea when he
gives out his plumbing contracts. It
'Nlaflps,
Heva-on f RMfva
PERSPECTIVE VIEW.
is one of the main items of expense,
and he reasons that muoh of it will be
out of sight and evidenoe, and be is
strongly tempted to put the money on
aesthetic adornment, rather than on a
matter-of pure utility. But if this
reasoning prevails, the builder will
never cease to reproach himself. It
is to be taken for granted that no one
would so lower the plumbing esti
mates as to provide a menace to
health. Bnt if light-weight and oheap
materials are used troubles are never
ending cheap closets, hoppers and
faucets are a constant abomination.
Laymen do not seem to understand
that lead pipe whioh is subjeot to
constant changes of temperature will
decay so that it may be broken almost
like doaayed leather. The thinner it
is the quicker it goes out of all pro
portion. For this reason, to say
nothing of bursting from sudden pres
sure, cheap lead pipe is the most ex
pensive of all economies. The general
adoption of iron instead of lead pipe
is a most important improvement only
excelled by what it naturally Iod to-
exposed plumbing.
On the ground of sanitary safety,
cleanliness, attraotiveness and eoon
omy, in the long run there is no com
parison between exposed plumbing
and the old system, where everything
was boxed in with wainscoting, it is
true that the first ocst is rather more,
but thia should deter no one from
adopting it Closets, washstanda and
bath tubs that are boxed in form a
lurking place for filth and vermin that
defy the most tnorougn Housekeeper
The inner surfaoe of the wood, which
is always damp and never exposed to
fresh air, rota and decay slowly. Al
though no careful experiments have
yet been made, and no statistics have
been compiled, medical observers have
recently determined that deoaying
wood is a prolino source of disease.
Where the plumbing is exposed there
is absolutely uo chance for lurking
disease germs. The initial oost is i
small prioe to pay for thia immunity,
Boxed-in plumbing oalls for oonstant
renewal, but that that is exposed bos
AS vent
I
tt&OP l i i i
InM I 7
practically as long life as the house
that shelters it. .
To secure a bonss immunity at all
times from sewer pas, and to preven)
any subsequent annoyances, have the
system of fixtures, traps aupply and
waste pipes well planned and ar
ranged in accordance with the best
I Porch! ' J
ftVfida.J
kitchen, - i
-l loiouv I
H J
Library,
uLxjaf Diriing'R.
wxiw?
FIRST FLOOR.
rules. The constant grouping and
concentrating of fixtures will material
ly reduce the oost of the work. Avoid
a useless mutiplioation of plumbing
fixtures, also locating fixtures in sleep
ing rooms. Plumbing fixtures, es
pecially water-closets, must always be
located in woll lighted and well venti
lated apartments. In small cottages
plan the bath-room as nearly as possi
ble over the kitchen, in order to re
duce the amount of piping. Numer
ous and elaborate plumbing appli
ances are useless and expensive. The
above design is an example of eco
nomical and concentrated sanitary
plumbing.
Xne pipes are all exposed so ss to be
easily accessible in case of leakage. The
wash bowls are poroelain with marble
slabs, back and sides, and are located
in lavatory and bath-room ; galvanized
iron sink and dram board set on iron
legs in pantry; copper boiler in
kitchen J two soapstone wash trays in
laundry in cellar. The batn-room con
tains, besides the wash bowl before
mentioned, an iron porcelain-lined
bath-tub with hot and cold water snp
ply through combination bath cooks
alto an all porcelain front outlet
water-oloset with tank, chain-pull,
etc, oomplete. All fixtures are trapped
and the exposed pipes in the batn-room,
including traps, are nickel-plated. The
soil pipe runs up through roof for
vent pipe above highest fixtures,
There is a three-inch freBh air inlet on
this line extending up to grade from
the point just back of the trap to
point ten feet from houBe. Sink and
wash tray traps are ventilated eepar-
SECOND FLOOR.
ately by two-inoh iron pipe extending
up'above roof. ' All lead water-tervioe
pipes are AA lead pipe.
The above mentioned plumbing will
cost about $350, and oould be
cheapened about $30 by omitting the
nickel plating of pipes in batn-room,
Copyright 1896.
A furious Kind of Knives.
There is in existence a curious c.'tss
of knives of the sixteenth century, the
blades of whioh have on one side the
musical notes to the benediction of
the table, or' grace before meat, and
un the other side the grace after meat,
The set of these knives usually con
sisted of four. They were kept in an
upright case of stamped leather, and
were plaoed before the singer.
The oyoler who tumbles from hi
wheel realizes that he has the world
against him. Philadelphia Keoord.
n
H 13
ts. &m. if
Roof
Bed R.
5ffJL,
JHo-mper,
-EtssI I gerff
ft' .&
BEARS RAFT LOGS,
Taught by an Italian to Pilot
Flotilla of Timber.
The Skillful Way in Which Thej
Break Dangerous Jams.
Raftsmen have taken advantage o
tho high water in the rivor to float logs
to the saw mills. It was on the Loyal-
sock creek, which has its boadqiiarten
in Sullivan county, Penn., and iti
mouth about four miles bolow Wil-
liamsport, that the remarkable sight o
bears guiding rafts to the mills was
witnessed, not long ago Two bears
took one log raft down tho stream and
a man ond a bear took aoother. It
remained for Possi Punto, an Italian,,
to thus put bears to service.
Possi Punte cuino to this country
five years ago. Punte deoidod that toJ
get a daucing bear to earn a living for
him was better than working himself.!
He got a trained bear and began tofi
tour the country. He found so many1
cities and towns in Pennsylvania where
the laws prohibit "acting boors" thotl
he roached Laporte, Sullivan county.
with no money in pocket.
Thon the Italian was by hunger
forced to go into the' woods to work.
Punte would not part with his bear.'
Together they lived in a log hut in tho'
lumber camp. Six months passed
when one day the dancing boar wai
found at homo, with two half-grow
bonr companions. Punte was some-.
what afraid at first, but soon managed
to "get acquainted" with the new ar
rivals. Ho kept the three bears, an
with the aid of the first boar he began!
to teach the new ones how to do
tricks.
Ia the spring Punte had to pilot
rafts dowu the Loyaloock creek to tho
sawmill at Mountainville. On one on
these trips it occurred to him that ho!
might teach the bears ' how to guide of
raft. He no sooner returned to his
mountainous home than he started tcf
work.
The bears had been used to holding
the balancing poles with their fore-
paws, and tho next thing to do was td
teaoh them to use it differently. Las
eauson it was not unusual for tho peo
pie of Forksvillo to see a raft goind
down the oreek; with two men amC
three bears on it. "Bruin," as hoi
called the first bear, was ulways kcp9
at the rear ond of the raft, and!
"Johnny" and "Ousaie" wore on thq
front part.
On these trips the bewswere tangb
bow to keep the rafts from muuiu
against the banks of the oreek and go
acquainted with the bends ia' tn
stream. Aided by signs and calls
they became, Punte thought, able td
rua a raft. He did not put them
the test until recently. Tbey rau th
raft successfully. The first trip Punt
was on the same raft with the bcarf
and they did thoir work so' well thai
he made np two rafts and started fol
tue west uranon oi ine onsquouannn
River. The rafts were of logs amt
started from near Hillsgrove.
On the first roft "Bruin am
"Johnny" were placed. Ou the second
whioh followed olosolv, Puate nnl th
bear "Gnissie" were the pilots. Punte
by calling "right" and "loft" told thd
bear at the oar whioh way to push o
pull, while at the same time "No. 1
Johnny" and "No. 2, Johnny" tol
the bear at the front end of, the rail
on which side to use the pike pole.
At a sharp curve, twenty miles frorfj
Williarnsport a log jam was observed
Punte hurriedly tied up bis raft, nnd
running ahead, succeeded in boardind
tho one manned by "Bruin" and
"Johnny." This he ulso ran to sbor
and tied up. The jam was about fifteen
feet high and blocked the stream
Punte took "Johnny" with him tJ
break the jam.
The breaking of a jam is a daugerj
ons thing, and many fatal accidental
result. "Johnny," with a pike pola
was sent to dislodge tho anchor log
After many attempts he succeeded.
The Loyalsock creek is about fort,
miles long, and runs through moun
tainous country, consequently th
bears were not frightened by mon.-j
NewTork Press.
Han Who Always Laughs.
Says the Los Angeles (Cil.) TimesJ
San Diego has a man who laughs
the time. Although orazy, he is no
considered a fit person for a lunati
asylum. Nothing appears to diuoon
oert this laughter. He laughs at gooi
news or bad news. He does not seen
to know the meaning of the wo A
worry. When arrested ha iangli
when discharged from jail he simpl v
laughed. Mortals supposed to b.
sane and who pine away their day'
worriug or brooding over fuuoie
troubles might almost envy the inauu'
man who can laugh at everything.