BIG BRAZIL
A WOSDKRFUfj COUNTRY, TjARG
Ett THAN TI1K INITED STATES.
Strange Custom of the People Wo
man Nothing 31 ore Than
Drudge Primitive Meth
od In Agriculture.
"TNthe Atlanta (Oa.) Journal P.ov.
I Dr. II. C. Morrison, the SecM
I tary of the Methodist Board o(
Missions, tclli of some queer
things to be seen in Brazil, that won
derful Kepnblio in South America.
"Brazil," aid the doctor, "la a
wonderful country larger than the
United State, and Rio, the old aeat of
monarchy, now the seat of Govern
ment, is a splendid city of 000,000 in
habitants. This is not tho only city
of importance, for there are many
other, among them Sin Paula, with a
population of 130,000. Back from the
coast, in the centre of Brazil there
are about two million Indian, wild
and fierce, and dangerous men they
are. '
Brazil is the only one of the Cen
tral American States in which Portu
guese is speken. When the country
was first taken possession of it was di
vided between Portugal and Spain,
Portngal taking Brazil and Spain tak
ing the other thirteen countries.
"The average Brazilian home,"
paid Dr. Morrison, "is but a dwelling
place. I do not mean, of course, the
homes in the populous centres, but in
the rural districts. There is no word
in the language for home. It is al
ways spoken of as 'my house.' The
.house is generally a latticework af
fair, the interstices daubed with mnd.
A window is cut in the end and a
plank shutter is attached, making the
interior of the bonne as dark as night.
No flowers bloom about the door, no
ornaroental trees are seen, nothing at
tractive. A grunting pig, a few
chickens and ducks and sometimes a
mulo are all that adds life to the
place. If it happens to be convenient
the man will not hesitate to drive the
'pig or lead the mule through the
house.
i "The wife is only a woman who
cooks the beans and pie for the man,
Waits on the children and feeds the
pigs and chiokeus. Every man in
Brazil smokes cigarettes. They smoke
only once a day and that ia all day
long, for they carry boxes filled with
cigarettes, and as fast as one burns
out a fresh one is lit from the stump.
It is a mystery to me how the women
stand the smoke, for it is everywhere,
specially on the railroad trains, for
In every coaoh the men smoke cigar
ettes regardless of the women. The
average woman in Brazil is never seen
to amile, for she has nothing to
brighten np her life. She may be
described in the words, sallow and
sad.
"The country is mountainous, and
while it is cooler than it is here, an
TITES OP
American always wants his umbrella,
for there is a siokly heat from the sun,
bowing that you are nearer to it than
here. The soil is sponge-like and
eeems to hold the moisture and dis
tribute it as it is needed. The rains
do not overflow the rivers there as
they do here, and little stream that
would be called wet weather streams
here flow there all the year. It is one
of the best natural oountriea on the
globe. The trees grow in great luxu
rianoe and vines cling to them, so that
it ia well nigh impossible tor a oat to
go through a Brazilian forest. Such a
network of vines is found on the tree
tops that monkey ran aoros it a if
it was a floor.
"When a man gets ready to culti
vate a new field he outs down the
tree and vines aud leaves them on the
ground until they are dry, when he
BBAZIL's SOLS INVENTION.
tmrni them. It never ooour to him
Vto plow the land, for there are no
plows. The ground is soft and the
farmer generally atiok hole in the
earth with bis bare toe, drop in the
corn and leave it to make itself. Oth
ers use atiok for this purpose and
some of the more progressive nse
hoes. Coffee grows on the mountain
aide and this i one of the ohief pur
suit of the people. One peculiarity
of the soil is that it will not wash as
does our. Where embankment are
on the railroad the print of the picks
and grubbing hoe can be seen, al
though the road was made twenty-five
year ago.
t "Brazil i a oountry where the most
rrkaiUr method for eyery thing are
Jr!a. v. via, .
employed, The only Brazilian Inven
tion ia one for crushing Toorn. A seo-
tion of a log is sunk in the ground
end op. The end ia hollowed ont'like
bowl. A big log ia suspended from
an upright pole, on one end being a
heavy wooden chunk like a mallet
while on the other end is a trough.
The mallet end is the heaviest and fits
in the bowl. When it is in use the
bowl is filled with corn and a mill
race is opened. The water running
down the hill fills the trough, making
that end of the pole the heaviest. It
falls, elevating the mallet end.
' "As soon as it strikes the ground
the water is lot out and down goes the
mallot end striking in the bowl and
crashing the corn. The water begins
AVENUE OP
to pour in the trough and the beating
is kept up until the corn is rednoed
to meal. This rude implement is known
as the mongola. When a man is ready
to use it he puts his corn in the bowls,
starts the water in the trough and
goes on about his busineu, feeling
confident that the mongola will keep
np its monotonous lick until he stops
it.
ABORIGINES.
"In Brazil a hog is never scalded.
They are rolled np in grass, after be
ing butohered. and the grass i fired,
thus burning the hair off. v
"When butter is wanted cream ii
put into a bottle and shaken until but
ter comes. The milkmen do not run
wcjons, but they drive cows from
house to house and milk them at the
door. Eaoh cow has a bell on her
neck and her calf is tied to her tail.
When a stop is made the bell is rung,
calling the customer to the door, and
and a pint or a quart of nuwatered
milk is drawn from the cow and
poured in the vessol waiting to receive
it. In Rio the principal conveyance
ore Tilbury. A Tilbury is nothing
less than the body of a light buggy
mounted on the hind wheel of an ox
oart. Each oommunity has a Mauda
Chuva, or rain god, whose authority
is absolute and who is supposed to
have the power to command the rain.
The men often cram rice and bean
into their mouth from a spoon. They
are very dexterous at this and never
make a mistake, although the apoon
never touches the month.
"The most beautiful sight 1 saw wa
the avenue of royal palms in the
Botanioal Garden at Bio. There are
two of these avenues made in the form
of a cross. They are smooth, slender
and graceful, rising one hundred feet
in the air, each having onty a tuft of
feathery leave at the top. There are
eighty-six of these tree on either tide
of the avenue and they are 80 feet
apart. The avenues are 24 feet wide.
So straight are these trees that, when
viewed on a dead line they have the
appearance of an unbroken wall the
whole distance of about half a mile.
The view down the avenue, the blue
mountain in the distnnoe, is one of
the most beautiful my eye have ever
looked upon.
"One very notioable thing to a
stranger in Brazil is the different
varieties of tree, none of them being
like our. The people there pay no
attention to the tree and hardly
man known the name of them. It a
2i2j .-ossaW&V,
wonderful oountry, but still it not np
to the South, and I'm truly glad to be
at home again."
Dr. Morrison brought back with him
some specimens of Brazilian loaves
and some other queer products of the
trees, in addition to some pictures,
one showing the lip and ear orna
ments of the aborigines. Some of the
leaves gathered from vines are ex
actly like olive colored plush and
would be taken anywhere for artifical
leaves.
The doctor had aome vegetables
poppies, flbrouslooking objects coming
from a pulpy ball growing on a tree.
Tbey present the appearance of a
sleeping dog and are real curiosities.
Then he has aome monkey churns,
ROYAL PALMS.
vegetable growth, very mnoh like a
churn in shape to the top of which,
when detached, is fastened something
like tho dasher that reaches to the
bottom of the churn.
Dr. Morrison gives a grapbio de
scription of the ants of Brazil, the
white ones often eating houses away
and causing them to fall. When the
red ants take possession of a field it
has to be given np to them, as they
throw np large, oiroular piles of dirt
from one to five feet high, and they
become hard as a adamant. No way
lias been discovered by which they
can be driven away from a place, once
they have taken hold.
The Advantage of Short Sight.
Short sighted people are the best
spellers, for they have to hold the
print close under their eyes to see
dearly and thus every letter is made
to stand out distinct, the word being
read not as a whole, but letter by let
ter. Those with a long sight, on the con
trary, hold the type far from thorn,
and so see the print as an indosoriable
and confused mass.
It is now admitted that spelling is
largely a matter of the eye, and so it
doe not follow that the good spellers
are the olever ones, although this very
often turns out to be the case.
It has also been stated that in land
scape painting it is more of an advan
tage than otherwise to have a short
sight, for every detail does not thus
protrude, as in the case of spelling.
Pearson's Weekly.
ENGLAND'S HOST FAMOUS CLERUYMAX.
.i i r
1
BEY. W. B. KABBAH, WHO RECENTLY PBIACHED IK WE8TMIN3TEB ABBEY AND
13 NOW IN CHABQE OF CANTEBBVBY CATHEDBAL.
A Spool Ten Feet Thtclu
A spool holding about eight to ilea
of wire cable, welshing about seventy
tone, which is intended for the Lex
ington avenue cable road, reoently
arrived in ew lorn from Wilkes
barre, Penn. It was taken to the
A BIO STOOL.
Lexington avenue power house, on
Twenty-fifth street. The cable is one
and a quarter inches in diameter.
Contractor McLarnon said it was
the largest ever taken through the
city, and required fifty horses to re
move it. The truck was especially
built for its transportation to New
York the wheels being of cast iron,
four feet in diameter and eight inches
broad.
Perlnme Added to Flower.'
Few people know, perhaps, that
some flower dealers, with the aid of
the chemists, have devised a means of
increasing and fixing the odor of
flower before they ship them or offer
them for sale.
The flowers are put into a wooden
box, previously cooled with ice. In
the bottom of the box is a tube pro
vided with perforations, and into and
through this tube is sent a current of
carbonic add ga oharged with the
characteristic odor of the flower. Af
ter a certain length . of time the
flowers beoome impregnated with the
transferred odor, and that odor be
comes fixed. Sometimes in order to
facilitate the fixing of tho odor the
flowers are impregnated with a littlo
glycerine. New York Telogram.
A Woman Town I'rlcr.
Mr. Millor, who resides in the lit
tie Scottish town of Dunning, is prob
ably the only woman in the world who
carries on the duties of a town crior.
Mrs. Miller is seventy years old, and
has adorned her profession for a great
many years. Tbirty-threo times has
the "bull wife," as she is locally
THE TOWN CRIER.
called, proclaimed the birthday of the
Queen, and for sixteen years she has
been janitor of the publio eohool of
Dunning, as well as its town crier.
Although no longer young, Mrs, Mil
ler ia still hale aud vigoroua.
WEARING TIIE IUIR.
A KRVOMJTIOX SAH TO T1W IM-
PENDING IS COItrrURES.
fcf Simplicity and More Crimp
Than Ever Change In Autum
nal Costumes Styles la
Fall Millinery.
IT is elated by one who know,
that we aro to have a revolution
in the stylos of wearing the hair.
The disadvantage of the incom
ing styles is that they are apt to in
augurate an era cf false hair, as the
component parts of whioh the new
coiffure is composed may all be
bought individually and adjusted.
The implements are a toothed orimp-
ing iron, a wire frame and some extra
hair, it a woman has an insufficient
amount to produce the necessary
abundant effeot.
American womon wear less false
bair, proportionately, than the women
of any other country. English women
of all olasses load their heads with
false "fringes," switches and bangs.
The hair problem is a very serious
NEW STYLES IN
one to tho average British woman. In
the arrangement of her hair she is al
most as helplosa as her Japanese sis
ters. If her maid cannot dress her
hair she calls in a professional hair
dresser. On all festal occasions her
hair must be elaborately drtssed.
Mrs. Baysrd, wife of our American
Minbter, tells the most pathetio story
of how she had to arise one morning
at 0 to moot an engagement with a
hair-dresser, as it was the only hour
that he could give her during the day.
The function was her presentation to
the Queen of England, and naturally
her looks had to be arranged accord
ing to the oanons of the oountry.
Tho day of severely simplo ooillures
is past. The new order of things has
its advantages, as well as its disad
vantages. At least we will be relieved
from seeing the round faced girl with
parted hair drawn down over her ears
aftor the Madonna mode. Pretty girls
have disfigured themselves trying to
carry out a classical arrangement of
the hair when it was diametrioally op
posed to the contour of their faces
and head.
The hair will be crimped, if possi
ble, more than ever ; and it will be
loosoly drawn back from the temples,
not down over tho ears, as it was last
season. The top of the ear is no
longer covered ; the hair must be
placed baok of it. Doubtloss a great
many false waves will be worn. They
are cleverly attached to a small comb,
which is put in back of the front hair,
which is worn in soft curls on the
brow. The hair continues to be
dressed on the crown of the head, but
the arrangement is more eluborate.
Soft, natural looking waves of hair
are made by rolling it over large aoft
kid curler, rolling from the top of
the curl toward tho end. The hair
should be wet and left on the rolls
over night. If that is not done, pinch
the curls with a hot iron.
CHAXOES IN AUTUMNAL COSTUMES.
Elaborateness in skirts seem to be
the coming order of things. Many
acoounts to the contrary, akirts are
unmistakably growing more and more
in the direotiou of puffs and raffles
and garniture of various sorts. A fa
vorite fashion is to open the seam
NEWEST 8TYL1 OF A FALL COSTCMR.
and set in either folds, puffings or
contrasting material, in qualities that
suggest elaborateness by their rioh
neas.
The skirt and waist are trimmed to
matob, and for street costume this
giyes one the idea of unity, all of
whioh mean the decadence of thf
shirt-waist for cold weather.
The full ekirt ha fought it way to)
popularity, where it is likely to bold
its own for a time yet at least, and the)
pouohed front bndioe waa found to be)
so generally becoming as to be trans
ferred from the filmy gown of sum
mer to the wool fabric of fall.
While some of the new dresses show
long shoulder seams, it is safe to say
that more of them do not. It is diffi
cult, indeed, to force upon the women
of the present day a fashion so uncom
fortable and so annoying. And even
though it may obtain for a time a
foothold, it certainly cannot last, and
it is folly to make dresses in that way.'
Besides, all of the straight-shouldered
effect is very easily produced by the
flat trimmings that are applied and
that project over the sleeve tops.
The fancy for the full-fronted
waists seems to be growing, but in
rather conservative way. The style is
unbecoming to many people, and
must, for this reason, be used with
caution. One idea is to have the
sides and back of the waist close-tfit
ting and sew the material into the
second dart, then leave the rest loose
from the neok. Properly managed,
HAIItDnEBSINO.
this gives the best efloct of any of the
styles where the full fros is mado
with the material. Of course, in the)
extra pieces that are applied, the al
lowance for the fall from the collar to
the belt and the overlay is something
like three or four inohos.
There will be a revival of the tailor-
made costume in hon.espun, tweed or
covert cloth, perfectly fitted, with
handsome buttons as the ole trim
ming.
STYLES IX millineht.
Fall styles in millinery are pleasing
from the brightness of color displayed.
Some of the pattern hats, say the '
New York Press, are made almost en
tirely of flowers, great poppies, pan
sies, orohids or roses. Foliage iit
largely used for trimming. In the
illustration on this page the crown of
A FALL HAT.
the hat is of dark green velvet, slightly
puffed with a band of the velvet. The
flower are very striking. They are
roses, made with a ruohing of green
taffeta, shot with rose color for the
petals. The centre ones are yellow
flowers, which resemble sunflowers
lightly. On the left ido of the
orown in front ia yellow feather
aigrette and two blaok ostrich feathers,
fastened by a brass buokle. On the
opposite aide, at the baok, are two
more ostrich feathers.
Another "fetching" hat shown by a
Fifth avenue milliner ia of fine black:
straw, with wide brim and low orown,.
surrounded by a thick wreath of
colored dahlias, from which spring
another wreath or orown of blaok
feather tips whioh entirely surrounds
the crown, somewhat in wild Indian
fashion. Underneath the brim at the
baok another dahlia is plaoed.whiob.
falls over the hair.
Hat are larger this season than in
the summer, but for faoe whioh can
not itand a wide brim come pretty
toque are made. One which is
especially effeotive forsuoU a faoe this
month is of yellow straw whioh is
made into ruohes to form the brim ;
on either side are arranged three oorn
flower of two shade of blue, together
with a pair of brown Meroury wings.
On either aide at the baok is a rosetti
of brown and blue ehot eilk ribbon.
v