HIS NATAL DAY.
THE IMITIIIMVH OK QKOROK
WAHHINOTO.
Anniversaries of Ills lllrfh Were
Often Important, '.landmarks In
Ills 1'nrprr -The Ureal en
ernl'n Mfe Reviewed.
"' EOROE Wlf.LtAM. eon to Au
,1 , gustine Washington Ami Mary
V"JC his wife, m liorn the llth
ilny of February, 17:il-'2,
alxiut ten iu the morning, unit wim
lasptizcd th !ll of April following,
Mr. Bromley Whiting and Captain
Christopher trunks, godfathers, and
Mr Milfred Godfrey, godmother.
When Washington was liorn his
father was about thirty-six years old
nnd hi mother twenty-eight. Hp was
the Brat of Iiih father's children by n
MRond unirriag., liorn of Rood family
on both Hides, hut in house which
modern luxury would deem mean in
it Birr nnd Appointment. It hnd
four roonm only, a chimney At each
s'ml, was perfectly plnin seen from the
fiutatde, lint had A miniature picture
nailery within in tins "best room,'
consisting of a cbtniuey piece orna
mented with Dutch tiles showing
srenea from the Hible. In this plnin
homo of Westmoreland (ionnty, Va.,
lived A family distinguished for it
good breeding, of which the husband
WsMHINOTON A niRTHPLACR.
a the groat, grsudaon of a John
Washington, who emigrated to America
in 1057, nuil was sixth in desceut
rrom the firat Lawrence Washington,
f Ludgrsvn, Northamptonshire, Kng
land. Of iucstiiuahl value to bin
country is tins opportunity which
every year affords to review his work
and character. Before hia death his
birthday wah celebrated in every great
(own throughout the Union, and the
ciiKtom will u.ver fail of being honored
ly the ftcttiug apart of the anniver
sary iih a general holiday, it date ad
justed to the Gregorian ealendar, and
failing on the 'Mil day of February.
iVaahihgtiin'sesrlieat birthdays were
apent in (Stafford (ionnty, Va., on the
poet sido of the Unppahannoc Uiver,
opposite Frederickbiirg. whither his
tmrenta removed while he was still a
Uiby.
At school, in Westmoreland County,
under Mr. Williams, he learned read
ing, spelling, English grammar, arith
metic, mirveyiug, bookkeeping and
sinography. He had been taught the
rudiments of bis thorough acquain
taocn with the mother tongue by an
obscure and humblo person known in
hjjsfcvry for thin reason only, asHolby.
l'he elder brother took a moat af
' fnctionate intereHt in George, for
whom, when the boy was fourteen
years old, he procured a midshipman's
warrant, which hia mother's prophetic
Hulicitude prevented him from using.
Tho next two years George apent in
surveying chiudy. under the direction
of Mr. William, the nature of whose
iaslructions waa better adapted to
develop the practical genius of Wash
ington than would have been a classi
cal education. He was sixteen when he
went to live with his brother at Mount
Vernon, and there, a tall And graceful
'youth, perfected himself in the dance
and other social accomplishments.
Lafayette described the beauty of
Washington's physical proportions as
the most superb he had ever seen, and
this when the hero had passed the
ttoul yearn of his manhood. What
mast have been the fascination of his
presence in the morn aud liquid dew
of hia youth, and the heart flutterings
of the Virginia maidens whom he met
in the refined society of his brother's
i mansion, and in hia frequent visits to
'the 'beautiful country seats in the
.neighborhood?
ELIZl PAB&C CCSTIS.
A few months after his birthday, in
174!, he qualified asa county survey
or, which was a profitable occupation
at that time, and he had added to the
property left him by hia father, when,
t uineteeu years old, he was ooininis
aioued a major of militia, with the con
; aiderable salary of U5U a yer at
tached to the honor. On February
JMd, 173'.!, he aud his brother, Law
reuce, were on their way home from a
trip to Barbadoea, whither they bad
goue iu the hope to regain health for
the master of Mouut Vernon, , who,
the same year, died at hia beautiful
aeat. The estate was left to hia stir
viving daughter, and In case of her dp
eeaae without iaanae. with other lands
to George Washington, with the re
aprve of the nse of the same to his wife
during her lifetime.
In the fall of 1753 Governor Pin-
widilin aent the young officer aa com
missioner to a French fort claimed to
have been built aa a hostilo demon
stration on English lauds. He was
awAy eleven weeks on this errand,
which was accomplished with tact And
judgment, but the war cloud spread in
broader and darker shadow, and Feb
ruary MA, 1754, saw George Wash
ington at Alexandria, collecting mili
tary supplies for use in the threatened
campaign. The succeeding May, be
fore the declaration of war had been
made, Washington encountered the
French troops and heard for the first
time the whistling of bullets. He is
accused of having satdon the occasion :
"I heard the bullets whistle; there is
something charming in the soui.d."
Washington's birthday in 1755 was
spent in retirement. He hnd retired
from his military duties after succeed
ing Colonel Frey in command ; but in
the spring volunteered under General
Brnddock with the rank of Colonel.
He had barely recovered from a fever
when he took a heroic part iu the dis
astrous battle of Monongaheln, after
which he retired to Mount Vernon.
On February 22, 175ft, he hail been
several months in command of the
Virginia troops to serve against France,
with headquarters at Winchester; but
was absent on a journey to ISoston on
the day we celebrate, where he ar
ranged with General Shirley that an
inconveniently independent officer in
command at Fort Cumberland, Md.,
should bo made subject to his orders.
He fell in love for the second time, of
which wo know, on this trip, with a
New York benuty, who hail the bad
taste to prefer another young officer
for a huxlmnd. Iu February, 1757,
wo find him laying papers before the
Earl of Loudoun he was then in com
mand of the Virginia troops--with the
object of putting them upon the regu
lar establishment.
His, birthday in 1759 found him
again in private life, the object of the
war in the middle colonies having been
achieved. Denied tho privilege of be
ing more than a colonial officer ho re
signed his commission, much to the
regret of his oolleagues in the army.
On February M of that year he was a
benedict, having had a partner of his
joys and sorrows about six weeks. His
marriage to Mrs. Custis was au excep
tionally fortunate nuion, adding to
ins wealth and social distinction, and
giving Uim aa perfect companionship
as is ever reached for tho long space of
forty years.
FROM A NOTED MtXIATUIUt OP WABHINOTON.
The years from 1759 to 1764 were a
comparatively uneventful period in
Washington's life. During this time
he was the planter and the man of
business, exporting produce and im
porting from England goods for do
mestic and family use.
With the passage of the stamp act
came momentous thoughts to Wash
ington as to what would be the effect
on the colonies of the wilful violation
of the principle "that no subject of
the realm can be taxed except by him
self or his representative." Tho im
portance of this violation was per
ceived by him at the beginning. By
the time of bis birthday in 1769, Wash
ington had advanced so far in his pa
tient opposition to tyranny that be
took charge of the articles of assoo a
tion drawn up by bis good neighbor.
George Mason, for presentation before
the burgesses of Virginia, with the ob
ject of crippling British commerce bv
reducing imports. When subsequent
ly the patriot-statesmen of Boston as
sembled in publio meeting, passed
resolution calling on all the inhabit
ants of the colonies generally to enter
into an agreement that they would
hold no further intercourse with Great
Britain, either by imports ot exports.
Washington opposed the adoption of
tne passage relating to exports, be
cause it involved the violation of, to
him, sacred business obligations, In
the fall of 1774 be was chosen to com'
maud volunteer companies, and on bis
birthday in 1773 was busy drilling
troops for the inevitable oonflict.
Eveuts of enormous import followed
apace. The second Congress panned a
resolution ium vnese colonies lie
immediately put in a state of defense,"
on May 10, 1775. Then was founded
the Continental army, of which Wash
ington was unanimously eleoted Com
mander-in-chief on the 15th of Jnne
following. He made hia headquarters
at Cambridge and took command on
the ad of July. In December, 1775,
Airs. Washington joined him and re
raained till the spring of 1776. His
"birthday in that year was spent in her
society at Cambridge. Dorchester
Heights taken, Boston evacuated and
occupied by the American army, the
declaration oi independence, the dis
astrous battle of Long Island, the
American army in retreat across the
Delaware this is ths story of 1776 iu
outline uo to Veeember7 Tb rem'
Ay for these disasters was found in
Washington being virtually a dictator,
in hia renewal of the army, in tho au
dacity and splendor of his military
genius. Recroasing the Delaware,
the American commander took the of
fensive, with the result that in a short
time not a single British or Hessian
regiment remained in the Jerseys ex
cept at Brunswick and Amboy, between
which places and New York was open
communication by water. Within
three weeks the enemy had been
FROM A MARTHA WASHINIITO MINIATl'RI!.
driven from every post he had taken
along the Delaware. Philadelphia
had been relieved from danger, and
almost the whole provinooof New Jer
sey had been recovered to America.
Washington spent his birthday of 1777
in headquarters at Morristuwn, New
Jersey.
Washington's amicable relet ions with
Lafayette began in 1777, a year most
memorable for the surrender of Gen
eral Burgoyne to tho American, Gen
eral Gates.
The French allinnce brought sub
stantial assistance, but 177Hcan hardly
bo regarded as a brilliant success iu
tho working out of American inde
pendence. It meant to Great Britain,
however, American persistence in this
purpose, spite of jealousies and party
dissensions in Congress, treachery to
ward Washington in the army aud ill
fortune in the field here and there.
Tho majestic patienco and serenity of
Washington amidst discouragement.!
of all kinds is the strongest historic
featuro of the year. Ho was in head
quarters at Middlebrook when the an
niversary or his birth iu tho year 1779
reminded him that ho had passed tho
best years of his manly strength.
iho signal triumph of the war had
not been achieved when, iu November,
17H9, Washington tnado his winter
headquarters at New Windsor, but
there was au accession to tho general
expectation of success for tho Allies, iu
the addition of Holland to their num
ber about the eud of tho yoar.
ltn the foresight of tho warnor-
statesmau, Washington wah ponder
ing the great problem, bow to give
necessary authority to Congresa in
order to insure tho continuity of the
band which attached the thirteen
States together, when at hia head
quarters ho and Mrs. Washington cele
brated the return of his natal day in
the year 1781, which count the cap
ture of Yorktown as its great featuro
and the virtual eud of the war of in
dependence. On February 20, 1783, tho prelim
inary treaty of peace with Great
Britain was signed, and General Wash
ington ate his birthday cake that year
with the satisfaction of a mau who had
recently accomplished a great work.
His farewell address to the army bears
the date November 2, 1783, and on
December 23, 1783, one of the great
est generals iu history resigned bis
commission.
He gladly returned to Monnt
Vernon, where we find him on Febru
ary 22, 1784, 1785, 1786, 1787, 1788
and 1789. These years demonstrated
his attainments and sagacity aa a
statesman beyond what hia country
men had supposed it possible for any
one man to possess. Inaugurated
President on April 30, 1789, he pro
ceeded to administer his great office
under provisions of the Constitution.
He was described as courteous with
out beiug formal, the possessor of a
singularly attractive smile; eyes
wuien would flash ana glow upon oc
casion, and an expression of counte
nance grave but not stern, which no
FROM WBIOHT' PORTRAIT OF WASHINGTON.
painter could oatoh, and a form de
clared by Lafayette to be the most
superb he had ever beheld. Phila
delphia cherished the tradition of the
President's chief cook, Vnole Hark
less, sauntering with the dandios up
Market street in silk with cooked hat
and a gold-beaded oauo, doing his
share toward glorifying the establish
ment of the Chief Executive. The
stabling and care of his numerous
horses, his cream-colored coach, the
niagnittoanoe of bis Hankies and out
siders are well remembered by every
bodv acauainted with bia bioeraubv
J, '
but the writer feels that a picture of
Washington, after his Presidential
days, will be more pleasing than elab
orate description of hia splendid sur
roundings when tho great and wise
bent before him in admiration. The
artist is Young Custis, adopted son of
the patriarch, and his intention is to
assist the recognition of Washington
by the gentleman whom he is address
ing: "You will meet, sir, an old gen
tleman riding alone, in plain drab
clothes, a broad-brimmed whit hat,
hickory switch in his hand, and car
rying an umbrella with a long staff,
which is attached to the saddlebow.
That person, sir, is General Washing
ton." New York Commercial Adver
tiser. When (he Ohio Is Most llesiitllul.
To the artist, the silvprv. shrunken
Ohio, winding feebly between green
and everlasting hills, is a charming
spectacle. Worthv of n transfer
canvas and subsequent hanging in a
mvorea place iu tlio liomo of a pur
chaser.
But to the practical Pittsburirer the
swollen, turbid. oil stained Ohio .career
ing to the Mississippi through a bleak
landscape of snow-sprinkled hills, is a
sight far more attractive tit ah anv
afforded in midsummer.
For the lamer Ohio bears nn its
muddy breast the deep-la len eonl boats
whose contents are nut morn neiuloil
New Orleans or Memphis than the
money ne coal represents is needed
by our river operators and Hhipiers.
These regard the Ohio asa miiat Inv.
able stream, wbpn. after months id
picturesque idleness, it arises in its
might and lxssts of "twelve feet."
If our local artists wish to make a
painting of Obi which will bo salable
to a coal skiper, they must (xirtray
the stream with that number of feet,
with the tawny inane of swirling
water and procession of poRllwmts
heading for the Sunny South. A "coal-
oat, it might lio added, is one that
rermires ten feet of water to. float ft.
and is helpless to resell flic lower
markets on a stage of water that will
let out a coal "barge. Pittsburg
Bulletin.
( nlllornla's Emblem Honor.
Strangers visiting California are at
tracted by tho great splashes of gold
that appear in the pasture lauds ami
by the wavsides. It is the esch-
sclioltzia (esh-sbolts-i-n), which is now
tho flower emblem of California. The
appropriateness of this selection is
seen in many ways. It is the wild
wiue goblet of tho State, suggestive..
iu color, of the orange aud the precious
metal. The Spaniards, indeed, called
it "el oro de copo" the cup of mild.
In the month of October 181IJ. the
ship Burick entered the Bay of San
rraiiciseo. lue naturulist. Adalbert
von Chamisso, was on the ltm ick, anil
named tho poppy fur bis companion of
tho voyage, Horr Eschscholtz. Lou
dun Illustrated News.
Washington's Eyeglasses.
George WaHhington was not a dudisb
young man. let we cannot help a
thrill of surpriso on seeing the eye
glasses and tho sunshade which he al
ways carried with him. The eve-
glasses were of silver, cunningly
carved, with Wasbington'a name en
graved iu the middle of the handle.
I hey wore much
like our lorguettes
except that they
would not close,
and the lenses are
perfectly round.
Washington used
to hold them just
as ladies hold
lorgnettes nowa
days, aud when
not in use thev
were hung upon a little curved pin
which was fastened to tho lapel of his
coat. His sunshade was queer little
affair with an ebony stick. The shade
was oi yellow silk, with tiny fringe
around it, and waa always carried
when the Father of Hia Country went
lor a drive. In those days men did
not wear broad brimmed straw hats.
Prisoners Iu China.
A Chinese prison is called a "can
gue." Its outer door is barred with
bamboo and ia guarded by petty
soldiers or policemen. The "canguo"
contains two rooms and two yards.
One room and one yard are for men.
The other room and yard are for
women. The space set apart for women
is very much smaller than that for
men. But the women's quarters and
the men's quarters are alike in being
entirely devoid of any provision for
personal comfort or for personal
decenoy.
Chinese prisoners are by tho Govern
ment provided with absolutely noth
ing but the space beyond which they
may not pas. If their friends thrust
food to them through the bars of the
prison fence the law does not inter
pose. Otherwise the prisoners may
starve.
11 1) w Bice Paper is Made.
: Cigaretto smokers, who vainly im
agine that they are using rice-paper,
will be glad to know how the genuine
article is mudo. It is manufactured
from the pith of a tree, a native of
China, which has just been success
fully introduced into Florida. The
pith can be obtained from the stems
in beautiful cylinders several inobes in
length. The Chinese workmen apply
the blade of a sharp, straight knife to
those cylindert, aud, turniug them
rouud dexterously, pare them from
the oiroumferenoe to the centre, mak
ing a rolled layer, of equal thickness
throughout. This is uurolled and
weights are placed upon it until it is
rendered perfectly smooth and flat.
Sometimes a number are joined to
gether to inorease the sise of the
sheets. It is a par pearly whit paper.
Picavun
SOLDIERS' COLUMN
"TAPS."
ftenrath tliestaHit, srurs sky.
Now breathing low. now soaring hleh.
Now wanilerlng off, now circling IiIk'i
With mournful paiisesnillspM,
Ami flostinii on ths I'rsRraui sir,
Aerois ths slope nml nirailows lair,
L'uiler the stars I stand sml hear
Tht bugle bloaing "Taps."
To bd! Ilebti oat' and In repose
Th soldier's wearr eysliils time,
forgetting' all this world's woes,
Its changes sml in Is hs pi,
To dream of horns so fsr awsy
Anil friemls and memories, kind ami guy,
Ueloteil in boyhood's happv l ay
Oh, welcoms then is "Tsns."
lown bv fhe old Shore rosil there strsvs,
With whispered wonts of love unit praise,
A "boy in blut" who fomlly rays
To his weel hi art. perhaps.
"Just one more kiss, swset Jennie, dear,
There's no one nrsr tn see nr bur,
It is tbe Inst, love, do nr fear.
And we will call it 'Taps."
Ah, me! ah, me! the days pass bv,
And ill the botes that mounted lilgli
I.Ike shattered iilols round me lis
In pitiful collapse:
There's naught hut passion, prl'ls and woe,
For us pnnr inoriiils hers below
Mill lisdrlel's heaven I r bugles blow
The universal 'Tips."
AT CEDAR CREEK.
The tilttieOams That Went On tfndor
Cover of the Rebel Charge
IT Is a matter ot
history and
among old tolil-
lFI I. U'1.11 If.tl.W.l
P aPg '' that Ihf
army cons sting
N. w n inn mxiu,
t 1 Kighleenth. nnd
r jfc-, fSV I . Ninth Conn sml
sir Cavalry was
was badly clisnnl
gnuii-il by the
surprise of Karly
on Oct. linh,
The surprise
waa of the gen
uine III nil, but II
was rsttirued with
interest buiore Hie sun went down
It was s very fuggy morning. ' had
startsd our tires for emiking our breakfast
in Mattery M, 6th T. H. An. The left sec
tion in which I belotiL'rd, waa nearest the
pike, ami rip,ut behind us waa tu Captain s
tent.
The iiy previous, or on ths litb. my
brother, one of the two bitulara (the other
waa Hiley now living in I'emisy I vanta limit
as a punishment for an ovcriloe of brandy
Iieachrs, been engaged in digging a retrea'l
lack of the olticer's quarters ami surround
ing the same with bruu. It was built with
a view to a long stay.
Now. on that same day, ths Hih. Capt.
McKniuht, had received from hia home in
Heading. 1'a., a supply of good things
wherewith to nourish the loner man. Our
Captain was of portly form nd a good
liver, il'a somewhat strict ilisclplinsrian.
Ths hampsr containing those nice things
had bren taken in the Captain's lnt by thu
combined efforts of my brother, the teams
ter and the Captain's Orderly, (iabriel. Ho
my brother was very well Informed about
the contents, having held to unoieii and
unpack. 'I n If was rather lata in the e.er
ing and tho brsvs Captain in imagination
fiijoyed the sight of what hs lully
pacteil to sample no later than the follow
ing day.
Now we know how the surprise got in Its
lick on ths morning of the tilth. The 'ap
taiu was nn ths simt and tried very hard to
keep the stampede from the front from
breaking our batterv formation Wail.
while John l'.iely unci (Iabriel waned on our
'Japtain, my brother, who was under arrest,
tot an idva In his head. lis was usually
lull of mischief, so it was not to be won
lered at what followed. His lob on the
'jtHcers' retreat was not fliiishail the day be
fore by reason of having to help unload the
L'aptain's box, so all his tools were still
around the place.
While we boys were giving the Johnnies
?anister for breakfast tuv brother coolly
went In the captain s lent packed every
thing in the box, fastened it In a hurry and
by dint of pulling, fumbling and shoving,
la piled the box iu the excavation he had
labored so bard to make tbe day previous;
and in a twinkling be spread s rubber
blanket over the box and tilled sand on top
of tbe tteasure. Yon may be sure it did not
taks him so long to till it upas it did to
imply it.
Finally be coolly saddled his horse,and as
lbs battery was surrounded and partially
captured by tba Johnnies, be left with usss
w pulled our section out of sctlon by the
prolongs, ths horses of our bulbar being ail
shot down.
It is nut my Intention to give a resume of
this bloody action here; it hasgona down In
history, and the few living members Au
gustus Buell, the "Cannoneer"aniongst the
number will remember the day. and its
fearful loss to our erstwhile conservative
battery.
During Sheridan's formation of ths army
my brother, now relieved from arrest by a
gracious verbal order of tbe Captain, told
m of his buried treasure and was very fer
vent in his wishes that ths Johnnies would
not find and unearth it.
I asked him why be was so solicitous
about it and if regained be intended to in
form tbs Captain of ths safe keeping of his
highly prized box.
"Ob. no, my boy; tbe Captain thinks ths
Johnnies have paid all due obeisance to bit
feast by this time, and baa no idea of evei
beholding a vestige of his belongings
again."
Of course this was not at all improbable,
as the Johnnies had possession of our camp
from 7 a. m to 4 p. m. When we Anally
regained our camp there was little left ol
its original contents, but about midnight
we had by hard worn gathered up a goodly
collection of effects from all parts of the
field and in some measure retrlved onrloss.
Tbe Captain mourned bis losses. especially
the box, but my brother was not much
better off, for If he did not get the box out
of its hole that night It would be found by
the fatigue party next morning, so he fin
ally was compelled to tell tbe story to the
Captain the following morning.
Now, our good Captain was very fsstldl
oils and hearing of tbe disposition of bis
box; he waved bis hand, with a sickly smile
told my brother go and never mention tbe
thing again.
The box was exhumed and by the united
effort of our two seivea, we not being as
particular as our worthy Captain, uuu soon
sampled the dedracits saved from a triple
destruction by the ingenuity of a young
artillery bugler. We took good care not t
blow our horns too loud about our good
fortune and 1 don't think Comrade Hiely
or Gabriel ever found out what really be
came of the Captain's box. Caul Haht
hann in National Tribune,
The Skoptxl.
The St. retersburg correspondent
ot the Standard tells this story: "A
banker and his niece, who are ruciu
hers ot a religious sect called the
koptzl, or self-mutilators, were sen
tenced recently to fifteen and tea
tears' Imprisonment respectively. Thd
banker tattooed a cross on his niece's
breast, and mutilated himself. Mu
tilation is ?. penal offense In Russia
only when It U prompted by religious
motives. . .
ONE MAN WHO WAS NEIGHBORLY
Perfectly Wlllln to lnrl His Haree In
Splta or Manr nrawharka.
They live on Drexcl boulevard and
are neighbors. One of them, the tall
man, owns a horse and biigHT. while
the short man doesn't. Thn other
dny the latter felt as though n drive
wtufld do him good, and be went over
to the tall man's place to borrow the
rig.
"You arc perfectly welcome to It,"
said the owner. "I believe In being
neighborly and accommodating, and
you can Just go to the barn and take
the outfit whenever you want It. But
I think I ought to tell you. to pre
vent accidents, that the horso has
fits, tiumetlme whon he's trotting
rot; arb raaraiTLV wcr.rnifa to it.
along ho'll rear up and fall back In
the buggy and carry on awful. Ho
killed his last owner that way."
"Well, If that's tho ease, perhaps I
can get another horse. I
"Don't think of It. 1 will feel of
fended If you don't take mine. I llko
to be neighborly and the horse need's
exorcise. He has the blind-staggers,
you know, and sometimes hell jump
off a bridge or run up against loce
motlve. IIo killed a couple of old
ladies a year ago by disputing the
right of way with a freight train.
But he's a good horse and I know
you'll enjoy driving him."
"I guess I'll go to a livery stable
and "
"Don't do anything of the kind.
Times are hard and you're perfectly
welcome to my horse. Only when
you're driving him you'd better re
member that If he sees a telegraph
pole lie U sure to become unmanage
able. It's singular, but that horse
can't bear tho sight of a telegraph
pole. lie Just lie back ltv the har
ness and kicks the buggy to pieces
and then throw himself down and
rolls over on the ruins. He killed
my uncle last spring what? You
won't take him?- Now, that's too
bud. You're Just as welcome as tho
flowers In May and
But the short man was) over the
fence and out. Chicago Tribune.
Invention Making Life. Kasler.
The electric current, a the flexiblo
and far-reaching artu of tho steam
giant, now applies the power of our
coal beds to-do work miles from Its
point of liberation from its ages of
rest, says I'tof. Hubert II. Thurston.
With continued application of thn
genius of the Inventor and of the en
gineer, It may yet transmit energy
dormant since the carboniferous era
from the coal beds of 1'ennsylvania
or of Illinois, in form of light, of
heat, ot mechanical powei, to every
hamlet, to do the work of factory,
mill, of household even, and to re
store Independence to the workman
by giving him the force needed for
his work In his own home. When
domesticated thus, the tyranny ot
corporations and trusts will be broken,
as far as It enslaves the worker, and
such combinations will be then only
beneficial through reduction of costs
of production In limited fields. In
ventions ot new forms of mechanism
in every department of Industry will
unquestionably continue to make the
labor of the Individual easier, life
more comfortable, hours of lator
shorter, necessities easily obtained;
comforts and luxuries now only known
to the rich, the usual and certain
privilege of all.
With reduced hours of struggle for
life and needs, time will be afforded
every good citizen for rest, for enjoy
ment, for thought, and all classes
may then become classes ot leisure,
in ample degree for their own best
welfare. Easy lives will come to mean
comfortable and happy lives. The
world will grow better as it grows
older, after the struggle for survival
shall have ceased, and the length of
the life of the individual will be pro
longed, while the growth of popula
tion, now limited only by the suffer
ing consequent upon overcrowding
the present field, will Le given its
natural andcomfortable expansion ta
a limit set by the extent to which
vital powers are expended in mental
and intellectual exert on. The fam
ily ot tbe nation will, like the family
ot the Individual, be smaller and
happier as tbe mind, Instead of the
body, comes to utilize all physical
powers.
The Twelve Good Rules.
In his poem entitled "The Deserted
Vlll?ge," Goldsmith describes the old
Inn on whose parlor-walls there bung,
besides other things, "the twelve
good rules." It leeuis that these
rules were drawn up by King Charles
I., and aa they are never displayed
nowadays it may bo interesting to
state what thoy were. Here Is tha
list: I. Crge drink no health. 2.
Profane no divine ordinances. 3.
Touch no state matters. 4. Heveal
no secrets. S. Pick no quarrels, t)..
Make no comparisons. 7. Maintain
no 111 opinions. -8. Keep no I ad com
pany. V. Enconrage. uo vice. 10,
Make no long meals. 1L Repeat no
grievtuoe. 12. Lay do wager.