The star. (Reynoldsville, Pa.) 1892-1946, November 16, 1892, Image 3
PROGRESS IN MUSIC. NOTAIlliH OOLliECTIOX MUSICAL INSTItUMKMS. OK Some of Them Are Tnnofnl and Other Decidedly Barbaric lhev May be Kxhthltort at the) World Fair. 8 Interesting a collection of musical instruments as can be found any where, any the Detroit Free Tress, is that gathered ly Frederick Stearns during bil ei tcnsivu travels and which adorns the music room In the family residence on Lafayette avenue. Although Mr. Stearns, with the grc.it generosity of a public- minded citizen, has given a most valuable collection of articles to the art museum his homo li a veritable museum ol rare and costly treusures, notablo amoticr which Is the large assortment of musical instruments which he has gathered with discernment. Mr. Wilson, Secretary of the Bureau of Music, of the World's Columbian Exposition, who was shown the collection on ths occasion of his re cent visit here, was charmed with tho instruments which fairly represent the progress of music, showing the barbaric conception of sweet sounds as well as the later manifestations on the part of half- BAST INDIA. civilized people to produce eflects of moving melody. The instruments are hung around the walls and are properly labeled. Frederick K. Stearns, who is an excellent musician, being President f the Detroit Musical Society, naturally lakes a great interest in these instru ments, and il is even hinted by some of his intimato friends that he has become proficient upon a score or so of them, auch as the kermangeh, the gumbry, the dorboaka and other well-known instru ments. The sweet sounds th at are pro duced from some of these instruments are not always of a ravishing character, ao that when the alfable President of the Detroit Musical Society is asked to play a solo on some extremely curious looking contrivance he generally is so considerate as to give only a short selection, which fully impresses his visitor with the re markable qualities of the instrument. It goes without saying that most ex traordinary variations of sound may be produced on these instruments which were devised by the Chinese, Iodi.ins, Mongolians, Africans, Japanese and many other people who have not pro !iyicd instruments that are in use in the best regulated orchestras. Even Wag ant who was notable for having all kinds of instruments and plenty of them in his orchestras would pause appalled be fore a band ot musicians armed with the instruments seen in tho Stearns collec tion, and it is doubtful if even he could o orchestrate as to provide for such an emergency. A careful study of the instruments eon hero would constitute a liberal education In a certain phase of musical matters. While the Chinaman makes ot his music a matter of scionce, and an agency for moral improvement, with the Hindoo It is preeminently a thing of the emotions. It has been asserted that Hindoo music hss nothing which corre ponds exactly to what we cell musical measure, but that instead it is charac terized by certain rhythm Incapable of being brought under the laws of musi cal time. There are two systems of music in voue in India at the pres ent day, the Karuatik, or southern sys tem; and the Hindustani, or northern. The latter Is cbicfly in the hands of the Mohammedan professors, who appear to have borrowed from the Arabian and Fenian systems. Tue Karnatlk Is more caiNua. melodious and possesses fewer traces of foreign innovation. Even in the differ ent provinces, tbo stylo of musio varies widalf I and tha cbaractac of melodv. HI nut A sv ii no less clearly than the dialect in which it is sung, will serve to Indicate to which part of India it belongs. Many ot the Hindoo songs are beautiful, both as to poetry and melody. Tbo drum of India has the body of wood, the heads of skin and is tightly braced with cords. The snorsringa or string instrument has the body of dark wood and Is pear- JAPANESE AND COREAN. shaped. The handle is inlaid with ivory and it has eight wiro strings with a bridge of Ivory, It I played with a small plectrum. The tamboura is made of reddish wood and has four wire strings, three of steel and one of brass. It is used to accompany the voice sing ing. The flute and flageolets of bam boo have seven Anger-holes each and somo of them are furnished with a brass tip. The Chinese as a Nation delight in what appeals to the senses vivid color, original form and striking sound. Their music, therefore, is characterized by little .it the spirltml. To them sen suous delight in tono is a ureat attrac tion. They base all sciences on mus c, and at one time tho purity of its pre vailing typo was considered to be tho test ot the virtues nf the reigning mon arch. Even to-day the Imperial Hoard at Pekln still keeps a close watch over new compositions, in order, as Tar us pos sible, to prcerve the ttyleot the ancient music. The music of the Chinese, like their langutgc, is written in vertielp rowsot characters from right to lelt. The modern Chinese have a special si"n for nearly every note in their melodic system. There is said to be a curious rcscrablanco between some Scotcu ami Chinese airs. Among the instruments of this Nation in the Stear.is collection are te yuc kin, tho sons ami the ur-iienn. The yuo-kin, or the moon -guitar, has four strings which are tuned in pairs at the interval of a lift I). Tiio sona is a favorite instrument among the common people, especially at marriage entertain ments and fuueralii. It has an excep tional shrill and piercing sound. The ur-heen, or two stringei violin, has a head covered with snake skin. The bow is of bamboo and horsehair, while DtTTCB, AUSTRIAN, ITALIAN. the strings are tuned at an Interval of Bfth. The average European who has had the opportunity of listening to a Japan ese orchestra may smile at tho Idea of their music haviog any real value. In Japauesa clviliz ition, its in Chinese, mu sio has for centuries been one of the chief factors. It takes a prominent place in all ceremonies, religious and secular, and plays a no less important part in private life. Street bands are as numerous as in China and the use of musical instrument, among the people in general, is much more universal. The Japanese writes bis mualo in the same manner as the Chinese. He cares little whether tbo sounds to which he listens are produced by wocd, skin or clay. It is enough for him if they are pleasing lo the ear. He divides bis instruments in to classes, perfect and imperfect. Per fect instruments arsf used for sacred music; all other are imperfect. Among tho string instruments in the Stearns collection are the koto. The name is applied to a large family of instruments, varying greatly in me, construstion and the number of strings, from the sumtna koto, with the single string, to the sono koto, which has thirteen. The kokin is a violin. This instrument hss four strings ot gut and is played with a long horsehair bow. The instrument is held perpendicular in the left hand, the neck uppermost and the body resting on the lap. The bow is grasped with the right hnd, in such a manner that the hairs may be tightened or loosened at pleas ure, between the fourth and fifth Augers. In spit of this awkward method of bowing, it is said to produce remarkably sonorous tones. This instrument has re celved the hearty praise of European writers. Its superiority over the Cbiueso violin must he admitted. In the musical academy at Japan the musical commis sion bat reopin wended that with tbs piano and organ, the koto and kokln should have a place in the curriculum of the institute and in ordinary school In struction. Experiments for Improving its construction have already been made, and by substituting a soundingbonrd of kirl wood lor the customary catskin, much Oner quality of tone is produced. The music of Corea Is undoubtedly founded on that of China. It seems to have varied little in character since the early days. Of harmony the Corcan knows nothing. His favorite instru ment Is tho clarionet, which is said to have a shrill and piercing sound. It is the constant companion of the Coreans, Indoors and out, and nothing is more common than to see one of them start ing out for a stroll with his instrument under his arm. He will gather atound him a ctowd of eager listeners in a short space of time. This instrument is always played foi solo purposes, for the excel lent reason that if used In concerted music its tones would hopelessly drown those ot all the rcit of the band. Musir is popular with all class-is of the Cor eana. The Araln have always been of a po etical temperament, but their music de veloped slowly. In the eighth and ninth centuries Bagdad was the great musical AltAMAX AND ECVPTIAN. ccntru of the world, however, and tuete the Persian singcts flocked in crowds to the court of the caliphs. Poets and imisictans were well-rewarded. Singing is at present popular with nil classes. Although rcpectablo Modems rarely per form instrumental immc, they are fond of listening to it. Orchcsrr perform ances are common, both in public and private. The instruments principally used are the Nay, the K'tmsuvioh, the Taitihonrn, the Oud, tho Kinoonand the Santir. Somttimes the Uarabukkeh is added. For the music which is per formed in the public cafes the Nay usually tufHcet. Tue place of honor is giveo to string instruments. This bears wituess to an advanced stuge ol musical development; such, indeed, as Is only to be expected among a people with whom poetry and song are as highly esteemed as among the followers of Mohauiiuond. Detroit Free Press. Mesmerizing ihi Czar. The famous mesmerist, Stuart Cum berland, was recontly summone 1 to too Court of Denmark to give an entertain ment in the presence of themonarchs and princes assembled tbero. The Czir, who uad never witnessed a mes nerio per formance, but is a diligent student of works treating ot the occult scionces, displayed grtat intereit in tha experi ments of tue eminent thought reader. As be, however, appeared to entertain some doubt as to power of "suggestion" in his own cac, the mesmerist invitoJ bim to submit tue matter to a personal test, to which Alexander III. consented with the best grace. It was then shown tuat, subject to a "suggestion" on the part of Mr. Cumberland, the Czir, who is well known to be eudowed with her culean strength, was unable, in spito of tbo greatest exertion, to lift from the ground a little girl (Miss Beutly), whom, a few minutes previously, be had carried around the room at arm's length. Tho Court was highly amused and the Czir laughingly congratulated the perluriuer. Wen By a Neck." Ufa. -i-Jli ()n FARM A5D URIE!f. hKIMIINIl tr'Olt It'llHEI. At tho price of (2.60 for a load of maiiure it will pity to buy straw at any roasouablo pike, as a ton of It will make fully tot loads of manure, or even more if it Is used economically by shaking out the cleanest and using It over sgiiin. Hut if this Is not de sired and clay Is more easily procurod, that will make good manure, but tli0 horses will not be so clean, as the fluo clay will work Into the coat and muke It dusty. Dry clay Is mi excellent absorbent and deodorizer. The best llttor for box stalls for horses Isleiiyes from the woods, as they keep the mil mnls clean and are easily handled. New York Times. i:sioui;r.i chop. engorged crop In fowls is due to the packing of food In the crop, mid Is to be treated In this way: The skin ovor tlio crop is'slli for ubout two ltichos, and the crop then Is opened by slit made upward and down ward, but not crosswise. The contents of tho crop are then carefully taken out, and the wounds closed by drawing the odges together by thread passed through in two or three places. These stitches must bo separate ones mul tied with a slip knot to each one, so that when the wound heals, the thread may be drawn out easily. r.acii wound Is thus closed separately. Tue fowl Is fod on soft food for a week, when the wounds will le lioaled and ordinary feeding may be resumed. American Dairyman. CARROT FOR IIORJF.J. Carrots work an unlimltable amount of good In horses during the winter, and if you have a supply on hand the best way, or ona of Hie best wars, to dispose of tlioin Is lo give litem to the horses. They regulate tho animal's bowels and keep his system open. They also mtiko his coat shiny. When any ngent performs those functions hi a horse, they cmiiiot help but keep the an i in ul in goud coudiiion. A queer fact seems to bo that they possess qualities which uo other root or vege table has. They may bo what you would call an expensive food, yet tukiug into consideration tlio good which they do they me not so. Of course, tho car rots need not ho fed to the horse the sumo as you would givo them a feed of corn on tho our. Givo them two or tliroo of tho roots every day, or you can givo them this i timber every other day if your supply Is limited. But if you have plenty of carrots give somo of them to the horse. Amerl cau Farmer. WINTER CAHK OF LAWNS. Many lawns ure Injured by being cut too late or too closely Just before winter begins, which causes tho grass to winter kill, and the medium be twneii leaving so much us to smothei out the finer grasses, or leaving too little to protect tho roots, must be ob served. One way to do this Is to con tliiue the cutting, but set tho mower o that it will leave the grass about two inches high or a little more. Others protect tho roots with a cover tug of stublo tnanuro put on when the ground was slightly frozen, but somo object to that because ot Its filthy ap pearance whenever ihegroutid Is bare, and its disagreeable odor when first put on. Thoy must be careful to leave grass enough to protect, the roots, and thou In the spring apply u top dressing of tomo of the special lawn fertilizers, which aro nearly odorless, and cau be bought in quantities mall enough for a village lot, or large enough for a farm. . The better way in using these is to make one application as soon as the ground thaws, and another ubout two weeks later, using each timo about the amount reooinmcd by the manufacturer, and never putting 11 on when the grass 1$ wet, unless raining at the time. fDostou Cultivator. METHODS Or IMPROVING SOIL. . When a soil refuses to respond to the ordinary methods of cultlvatlou with a remunerative erop it Is said to bo woru out or originally deficient iu the elemontt of plant food. While either one of these statements may be true, it is possible for a so-culled poor oil to contain one or more of these elements lu sufficient quantity if they were lu a proper form to be tukeu up and used by the plants. This eintemont suggests a solution of tha ofton-obsorved improved con dillon of soils iii'Ulug from mechuuioal inoasuros, such as under-draining, sub- soiling and fall ploughing, or from an increased fei'tili y through the appll cation of lime, gypsum, salt, etc, ubtnco that aro commonly tap liosrd to contribute but Utile plant fo d to (ho crop In a direct way when artificially supplied. In such cases sill fertility which was inactive seems lo be set freo mi. I through ihcsu agencies mado available to su extent sometimes equalling that which follows the application of com plete fertilizers. Tims uudordrnliilng assists by removing water wheu so greatly In excess as to be hurtful, and at the same (line llghletis nud disinte grates a Imavy soil by admitting air to circulate through It more freely, de composing it and bettor llttiug It for cultivation. Isolation of crops U another method ot Improving a thin soil, for the wants of crops are so varying that one may succeed fairly well whero another would bo an entire failure. So there me some crops which, through their superior ability to acquire sustenance from tlio air or from tho sub-soil through their numerous and deeply penetrating roots, not only find sup port for themselves, but when plowed under udd to the fertility the soil nat urally possessed. It goes without saying that every thing of a fertilizing character which can be gathered from tho farm, the stables nud the barnyard, should be returned to the cultivated land In Its best form and with the least possible waste, to make good (he deficiency ctiusod by removing crops. Wllh'all these and with good husbandry, where a Q ild Is cultivated continually com mercial fertilizers may often be re quired and profitably used for certain crops. New York World. FARM AND GARDEN NOTE. Store up greeu poultry food for winter now. Use liquid manure for growing plants only. For markot, especially, it Is easy to havo loo many varieties. An earth floor Is the host for Hid duck ami gocse qu irtors. Push tho lute chickens and turkeys so as to market them soon. In selecting strawborry plants get none that huvo liorno fruit. Muro or less grain becomes a neces sity to tlio fowls at this timo. A young tree set out In tho site ot an old ouo surely thrives well. If woll fed, early hatched pullots should bo laying regularly uow. Warmth and a variety of food will muke a cousldorublo difTereuco lu lay ing. Whon feeding to ration it will be best to feed regularly flvo times every day. Guineas are groat foragers and will destroy many Insects lh.it hous will uot touch. Any sudden lucrcase In the fertility of pour trees Is almost sure to cause blight. Ducks usually lay very early lu the morning and hence should uot be let out too eurly. Nipplug the canoe of blackberries and raspberries should be doue uow to ensure a stocky growth. The Seneca pear rlpous soon after the DartlotL It is large nud of fine quality, though uot so highly flavored Root pruning Is good for a thrifty tree which refuses to bear. It checks growth and dcvolops fruit buds, which Is noedod in such a cuse. When picking and packing for mar kot Is douo carelessly the results are rarely sstlsfscto y. Cure In these two respects is neces-ary to have the fruit present a neat appearauce. When the early potatoes are dug se lect out seed for next year's planting from the hills that yield the largest and best tubers. This Is necessurv to keop the seed from runuing out. The Cat Suture. The cat's spirit of Independence, Indeed, Is the most disttnet character istic of her nature. As Mme. de Cus tine rightly said, the cat's great differ euce from, and, according to her sen tlinents, superiority to, the dog lies In her calm insistence ou selection which Invariably accompanies her appareul docility. To the dog proprietorship Is mastership; lie knows hlshorae.and ho recoguizos without qnestioa the mil ii who has paid for, foeds, and, on occasion, kicks Mm with all tha easy familiarity of ownership. He follows that , man uudoubtlng and unnoticed, grateful for a word, even thankful for an oath. But tha oat is a croature of a "very different stamp. She will not even stoop to conquer, nor be tempted out of her uature by offers ol reward. She absolutely declines In. slructlonj nay, even persuasion Is lost upon her for any permanent effect It may be designed lo havo. You may be tha legal possessor of a cat, but you cauuot govern bar att'octlous. Hen rietta llonntr- PENNSYLVANIA PICKINGS. 0KB IMPORTANT HAPFBIflsTCHf Of tntsrsst to Dweller In the XsyrtesM Stat. THE LAW WORKED WELL. tcKM.trr results raou Tim ha can ballot in coAt aromas. The Commlss'oners of Northumberland county hare received several hundred let ters since Tuesday's election from promi nent Republicans and Democrats, express ing their great satisfaction with the work ing of the new ballot taw. It was feared that much difficulty would be experienced in the roat regions owing toths large num ber of foreigners, but election officials from Shnmokln and Mt. C'armel stats that they found the average foreigner displayed mors Intelligence In voting under the new system than most Americans. PENNSYLVANIA'S CEREALS. A Bl I.I.F.TIX FROM TIIK I SNSI'S Rt'RRAU OtVK riOCRKS roR rvRMKHS. A bulletin was Issued by the Census Office at Washington on the cereal production of Pennsylvania. The total area In cereals in 11 was 4,4H,0O0 acres, as compared with 4.721,000 acres In 1H79, a decrease of 277,000 acres. Oats are tb only ce reels showing auy increase whatever.in area tinder cultiva tion, the acreage having Increased front 1.2.17,000 in 1871) to 1,310,000 in !. Tb areas in wheat, corn, rye, buckwheat and barley show a decrease of 120,000, 120,000, 62.000, 35,000 and 2,000 acres respectively. wants 120.000 ran A Bros. in arm. J.Ross Mnteer.a druggist of Altoona.enter- ed suit In the Blair county courts at Altoo- na against the Pennsylvania Railroad Com pany, to recover 120,000 damages for lav ing his left arm broken by being struck by a locomotive, while he was attempting to pass over a dangerous railroad crossing. A FATAL DOII.KR IXPl.OSION. The boilers in Hlaidsell's lltos. kindling wool factory at Austin, Potter county, blew up, killlni Andrew Epal and William Bru ner, both firemen. All th other operator escaped without Injury. The factory was badly wrecked. The loss is ttO.000. Miss Nija Dkmikci. of Tioaa. sited 18. shot herself Wednesday night. Disappointed in tovo. I Miss Mattie Dickson, aged 23, a tolored school teacher or r.he. committed suicide by shooting. Islie bad been ill. Willi x James Harvey of Raccoon town. ship, lleaver county, was hunting his gun was acciceniauy aiscnargeu. lie will 01. At Allentown Murderer Keck, who was to have been executed Thursday, commit- mined suicide by poisoning tha night be fore. Tin son of Councilman Green of Philadel- phi is Ht Johnstown to bring suit against the Pennsylvania railroad for damages for tne death of his father, who walked off a train platform while en rout to Chicago to the world's fair dedication. It is alleged the company should have supplied veaii- tui4 cars. THE RE3CLT IS PENNSYLVANIA. ontiii)s RKcrivss (W.O00 majority. ta Rh.priit.icANS Ri.ri-r 20 cono R rss m x a, A Nil TIIK LROISLATt'RR IS R( PI BUI AN, AS I'SUAI.. Returns come in slowly from all parts of the .Hate, and epeciully from th city districts. Enough are in, however, to show that the State has given 0.5.000 major ity for Harrison, and that both branches of the Legislature are Republican. Whiiv tb report from those Congressional district wnere the contest was closest are not suffici ently full v, base su accurate estimate on, it 111111 safe to say that the Republicans have fleeted at least 20 of the 3) Congressmen. Complete returns may lucreas or dscreasv the number. TH (ON'lltMMONAt, PRI.KIIATION. The following table gives Pennsylvania's delegation in 'he fifty second Congress, unil the delegation chosen lo the Fifty third iu for s th latest returns indicate: .VI D cnNORFK. fi2l CONORFSS. H. 11. iiiuirhiiin, R. has.O Neil. It. William McAleer. O. J. E. Rev bum, R. A. C. hariner, R, J. B. Robinson, R. Edwin itallowell, !, William Mutchler.D I). H. Ilruner, D. Morrio t llrosius, R. Leinu-1 Amarman.D O. W. Shook. R. J. It. Rie'.ly. D. J. B. ltif. R. M. B. Wright, R. A. C. Hopkins. R. 8. P. Wolverton.D. L. K, Atkinson, K. K. E. HelUhoover, D Edward Scull, K. (ieo. V. Hurt, R. John Dalze.ll, R. W. A. Htone, K. Vacancy. K. P. Gillespie, D. Matthew (iriswold, ft C. W. Stone R. (J. F. KriDDs. D. I. II. H. lllngham.R 2. i lias. rims. O'NVil. R 3. Win. McAleer, D. 4. J.E. ll-yhiirn. K. V A. C. lUrmer, R 5. J. H.Itobinsou.R. 7. I. P. Wanger, R . Wm.Mutchwr.D. U C. J. Erilman, D. 10 M. Itr. sins. R. 11. J. A. Scranton R 12. W. H Hi lies. D. 13. J. H. Reilly. D. 14. E. M. Vomer, R. 15. M. B.Wnght. R. 14. A C. Hopkins, R 17. 8 P.Wolyrton.) Is. T. M. Mahon. R. 19. F.E.B'ltih'yer.D, 20. J. D. Hicks, R. 21. D.B. Heiner. R. 22. John Dalzell, R. 23. W. A. Stone, R. 24. W. A. Sine. D 24. T. W. Phil lips. R. 2H. J. C. 8 bley, D. 27. C. W. riton. R. 24. U. V. Kribbs.D. Congi ess-at-Large Alexander McDoweb. It., una wiinani lauy, u. W. A. Bipt, Democrat, is also elected ta th vacancy in the Fifty-second Congress, caused by th death ot A. K. Craig, Dem rat. Till KtXT STATS PS If ATI. According to tb latest and fullest re turns, th ueit Ktute Senate of Pennsylva nia will stand as follows, th 23 holding over senator oeiug uiuicaiaq oy 1-Geo. H. Smith. R 2H-Jarae Rooney, D U-K. Becker. R 3- C. P. Delvin, D 4- C. W. Thonas,R 5- Chas. A. Porter.it 0-Botes Psnros. It 7 - John C. lirady.lt 8- Jaeob Crouse, II 9- J. M. Baker, R 10- Oeurg Hose, 1) tt-H. D. Oren, D 12- A. D.Marnley.D 13- J. H. Undia, It 14- W. 8. Smith, K lA-S.J.McLarreil.R lU-M.CHenziiiger.D 17-J. P. H.Uobln, R IH-E.H.Laubach, 1 III W. P. Snyder, R 20-M.EMcPoiiald.D 210. W. Cline, K 2J W.M. Raiwher.D 23- il.B.Mitcliell, R 24- U'nt. tlerriiig, D itt-A. V. Bauuou, H tv.ii.uacic o g. rl .'8-0. O. Brown. D 27-L. R. Reefer, R 10.B.J Monaxhun. D 31-J. M. Woods. R 32- W. P. Llovd, V 33- W. U. Brewer, U 31-P. Gray Meek, D 35-John A. Lemon, R. 30-N.B.CritchHeld, D 37-J. O. Mitchell. K 38 H. A. Hall. D 39 J. II. Brown, R 40-M'thia Brandt, D .ii r ti u...iui. i it-v. w. tuviviiiui.n 42 John N. Nwb. U 41 John lTpprinan,B W-Wm. Khun, U -. tl Steal, K 40 W. B. Dunlap, D 47-JauiMS. Fruit, R -4-W.R.Orawford, R 4J D.B.McCreurv. It. l&O-ti J. Logau, b A omuihs billiard struor th Juniata Valley, F., on Thursday, driving th rar cury down X. It waa accompanied by a heavy snowfall covering tha ground ! it depth of tinohat. ,