STRICKEN HAMBURG.
PESCniPTtOM OK TIIH CUOL-r-tx
fcllA-lNKBUTRD POUT.
On of ttin Four Great Rnport la
Vtha World Klnis Quay nnd
Irrrgntitr (timet Ths
City' Attract Ion,
V' iA nn tiiiii of
r llimbutii
sT'f vflV HiiTre and Antwerp
Sl6i&vXl i ere the gntnwny of
vS'vXVIaK i"rnl'B w,llrn l,en
SmV outwnrd for the thou
inmUoi emigrant to
coino to America. It is
the purpose of this nr
tide, savl the New
Vnrlr Wiipltl. rt ntvA
Cil ...... , ...
r'f!l. Kime Idea of Hnmburii,
Commerce tins mndo
ITambtirg grunt. Next to London nnd
Liverpool it Is the greatest commercial
placo of Europe, nnd with New York
It in ono of tho four great seaports of the
world. It Imports amount to more than
I billion, dollars annually. Nine thous
and vessels risit it every year. From It
are lent thousands upon thousnudj of
migrants to America.
; Hamburg liei on the Lower Elbe. It
It seventy miles from tho North 8-a nnd
171 miles fiom Berlin, on the Upper
Elbe. At Hamburg the Kibe is broad
and deep. The harbor is magnificent.
There can bo found more vessels than
are seen in Now York Harbor.
The harbor, until death placed Its hand
upon tho people, presents always a busy
and picturesque scone. The quays
extend nlong tho right bank of the
Norder Kibe from Alton to the Ulllwar-der-Neucndelch,
a distance of more than
three miles, nnd accommodate upward of
four hundred sen-going vesels and ns
many barges and river craft. The west
end of the quay, opposite tit. Paul, is
chiefly occupied by tho English colliers
ml tho steamers of tho Hamburg
American Company. Adjacent is the
Ncidcr-hnfcu, intended principally lor
the reception of sailing vessels during
the season of floating ice, nnd connected
with the Kibe with several outlets which
nro called Gntts. Further oast are tho
Baudtbnr-hnfcn, 1101) yiirls long, nnd
100 to 140 yards wide, with tho Smdthor
quay nnd tho Kaiser quay, and the
Grasbrook hnfen with the Dalninn quay
ml the Ilubeucr quay, both suited for
vo'iels of heavy tonuago. The latter
nro used principally for the Atlantic
liners.
kew nnioaK ovRti the ei.hr.
Btlll further cast are tho Ober Imfon
aud other harbors for river craft nnd
finally on the other sido of tho Elbe, on
the small Grasnhrook are largo Ho!a
bafen, or wood bnrbors, for the storage
of timber. Between tho Iirookthor bafen
nd the Obcr hafen, to the south, is tho
largo Yenlo station of tho Paris lino.
Nenr It nro extensive warehouse and
custom homo premises. A little nbovo
the station is tho hnndsomo Iron railway
bridge whose design looks so strange to
American eyes.
The Stoinwnrder nnd Klclno Orns
brook nro little islands npposito tho
Neidcr bafen. They nro occupied by
extensive wharrei, tho ship-building
yards and tho dry-docks of tho Hamburg-American
Company. They com
mnod n flno view of the Hamburg quays,
which are said to be the equal of any in
the world, which is saying much, for it
was popularly believed that no quays
could ever hope to equal thoso of Liver
pool.
As it Is this harbor which has mado
Ilauiburg great, it is good thing to
know something about It from tho first..
And it was along this part of tho city
that the cholera was first disoovorod aud
there it is now raging with such fury.
The water is deep in tho Elba and it is
o large that the oce.tu steamers can
come up Into the city. All the vesssls
do come up except the big twin-screw
teamen of the Hamburg line. One of
THB CITT OF
th big twin-screws might make its way
np to th olty, but there would be no
certainty when it would be able to get
out again. Bo now the twin-screw
steamers land at Cuxbaveo, on the North
Sea, which is three hour' tide by tail
from Hamburg.
' Thera are two river about Hamburg.
They are small, but they add much to
th attraction of the city. They ar the
A liter and th Bill. Tb former flowing
from th north, forms a large basin out.
id th town and a smaller on within it,
called th Aussen-Alster and th Bin-Mn-AItr
respectively. It I about th
Utra which would b called lakat or
S3ter-v.l
ponds In Oils eonnfry, that the On
hotels, the fin house and the An shops
are found. Tl:v are benutilully located
It Is the fashionable part of the oltv .
The little nvera, the Alstor and the
mil, are discharged by look Into tit
canals, which nr oal!ed fleotes. The
ennnts make a network of tho lower taH
of the city. They run off from thafclb.
There nre many of thorn nnd o nil
merchandise Is transported. Thar I no
trucking In Hamburg to talk about, TVs
cargoes of vessels and other merchandise
Is pinned on largo, flat bottomed boat,
which nre poled about the canals In
manner curious and strange to the
visitor.
Down among these rsnals Is Bt. PauM.
fit. raiill Is tho flowery of Hnmburg.
The concert hnll and the boer garden
flourish amid irav and furious fun with
the hawker and Zukir. The city I the
most tnmilod up placo Imaginable. Tho
streets wander about in the most Imp
lint nrd way and everywhere tho visitor
comes upon water. Pt. I'null is cnllat
a suburb. A right-angle trinnglo, with
tho Elbe as the base nnd tho apex be
yond Altona will glvo nn Idea of the
general shape of the town. Hut Alton
is not a part of Hamburg, it Is
suburb.
No ono can till where Hamburg be
gins and Altona leaves off any more than
ono ran tell where Yorkvllle leaves of!
and Harlam begins. It I big suburb.
a - a-
tttr pont of
According to pcnplo who know all about
these things, the oity of Hamburg con
sists of Allstadt nnd Noustndt, formerly
surrounded by fortifications, and Bt.
Pnull, together with sovcral ndja:ant
villages. But Altona has bcon loft out
In tho cold.
Tho greatest attraction of Hamburg Is
the Binen-Alstor, which Is usually called
the Alster-Basslu by th people of Ham
burg. It is a beautiful sheet of water
of an Irregular form nnd nor than a
mile in circumference. It ks boundod on
three sides with quays, planted with
trees and flanked with palatial hotels
and hnndsomo private dwellings. These
quays nre called the Alte, th Neuo
Jungsornstcig and the Alsterdamm. Tho
fourth aide, towards the Aussen-Alstor,
is laid out in promenades counoctad by
tho Lombnrdsbrucho. Tho water is
covered with launches and rowbonts on
summer evenings, and the swans hnvo
nn uncomfortable timo amid the ploasuro
seekers.
The banks nre tho favorlto promenade
of the city. Adjoining tho Alto Jung
fcrstulg on the southeast nro tho Alstor
Arcndes, where nre found tho fashion
ablo shops. Tho ramparts ucar Lorn
bnrsbruche overlook the Uinnen-Alster,
which is three or four tlmos ns largo ns
tho o tli or basin. Tho banks nro studded
with villas.
The housot of the rich pcoplo nro
modorn and attractive. Tho houses of
tho poor have tho appearance of great
ajio aud look rlckotv. Tho poorer quar
ters suggest great difllculty in maintaining
good sanitary conditions.
Kvery parson in Amorlca who has ever
had anything to do with tho royal Ban-
gal tiger or the fierce Numldian lion
knows that Hamburg is the world great
nnimul market. Every wild animal or
bird or beast or rentila that is placed
upon exhibition is bought through the
dealers of Hamburg. It naturally fol
lows that the xoologicsl gardons of Him
burg aro the finest to bo found anywhere.
They aro over in tho northwostora part
of thu city.
There is a sarcophagus in one of the
cemeteries commemorating tho death of
1138 citixuus of Hamburg who, having
been banished by Marshal Davoust, to
gether with many thousauds of their fol
low-citizens, during the wmtor of 1313
14, fell victims to grief, starvation and
disease.
Tho streets of namburg aro well
HAMBOIIO.
Saved, and it strikes tb visitor fom
ew York as being n particularly cleanly
city. In foot, tb street seom a most
delightful contrast to Broadway. There
it never any dust in the city. This Is
accounted for by the faot that it rain in
Hamburg nearly all tho time. Th of
ficial records abow that rain falls 850
day in tb year. Sometimes it sprinkles
for only a few minute nnd then it pour
for dnyi and days. During the first
week in August last four dsya passed
without any rain falling, and it almost
created a panic. No ono could remem
ber of such a thing happening before.
Th city 1 to old that no oat knows
I I . a a- .U JU1 1 iCi 9 IVI It II I - " f
when It began to be. Hut tt I certain
that a early a 811 the big and strong
Charlemagne founded a castle at Ham
burg, to which he soon added a ehurcb,
presided ovor by a bishop, whose bust
nnss It wan to propagate Christianity in
those northern regions.
The Counts of Holstoln, within whose
Jurisdiction Hnmburg was situated, par
ticularly Adolph Hf. and IV., became
great benefactors ot the town and - so
cured for Its privllogot ami Immunities
which formed the Inundation of Its sub
sequent independence.
Hamburg joined the llansnntlc League
at an early period and plnyel a prom.
Inont part In Its contest with the Danish
kings In the thirteenth and fourteenth
centuries. The city was also honorably
distinguished In tho good work of
swcoplng tho sea of pirates. Kven In thoso
early days It began to have Importance
ns a nommer rial point. The discovery
of America nnd tho sea routo to India
had its effort upon Hamburg, but at
that time it did not make much of a
showlmr with England anil Holland.
In 1521) tho cltlxona adopted the Re.
formed faith and established a free
political constitution. The Thirty
Years war didn't a licet It particularly.
It was so strongly fortiflo 1 that it wasn't
considered wise to troublo it. These
fortification are now converted Into
promenades. The.1 tho Council nnd the
citizens bogan to have trouble with each
.U JU1 1 iCi 9 IVI
nAvnrnff.
other nnd Hamburg became atagnnnt.
It wns not until the end of that last con
tury that sho begnn to mnke nny
progress aaln It was then that direct
communication, with America was
established, and to this day that is the
mnln-ipring ot hor commercial impor
tance. Iu 1610 n imlmrg was annexed to the
French Empiro. Hbe rebelled in 1813,
and then it wns that Marshall Uavoust
wrcckod vengeance upoq thoso to whom
tho sarcophagus is oroctcd in tho cemo
tory. Aftor tho pcano of Vienna Hnm
burg got along comfortably until IS 12,
when tho city was almost destroyed by
flro. It rocoverod from that nnd grow
npneo. Hut its real "boom," ns they
say iu this country, bogau with tho for
mation of tho empire in 1870. Since
that time tho bulk of the foreign com
merce of Germany has passod through
Hamburg. Its population has Increased
almost with tho rapidity of the cities of
tho West, nnd its increase in wealth has
been oven greater. In 188(1 Its popula
tion was about three hundred thousand.
According to tho Gorman census last
year, Hamburg had a population of
820,000. This docs not includo a num
ber of its suburb, liko Altona. Altona
has 200,000 pooplo. Hamburg Is thero
fore about tho same siaa us Glasgow and
Liverpool.
Uutil four or flvo years ago, Hamburg
was a froo city. That Is, it was on of
tho States of the Gorman Federation,
and'inoludod a small tract of contiguous
territory. Bismarck mado an effort to in
corporate it into Prussia, and finally suo
coeded in overcoming tho opposition of
the pooplo, who joalously guarded thulr
freedom and Independence.
Ono of tho chiof factors in Hamburg's
development has bean tho Hamburg
American Steamship Company. It has
built up tremendous trudo and an en
ormous emigrant tralllo. Many railroads
run into Hamburg from tho interior, and
bring thousands of emigrants. It has be
come tho chiof embarking point for
emigrants from Russia and Poland. It
wo some of the Russia emigrants who
are supposed to have brought the disease
into Hamburg. Botwoon thirty nnd
forty thousand emigrants leave UumUurj
for America ovory day.
Cnettmbor Urown In a D ittl.
A full-grown cu
cumber in a small
necked bottle it a
euriosity cosily ob
tained; you limply
select n healthy
looking small cu
cumber, placo it in
the bottle which is
laid by the tide of
the grawing vine,
and when grown to
as to nearly fill the
bottle cut the item.
Fill thn bottle with
alcohol, firmly cork
and teal, and you
have something to
tbow to your friends
for many years, as
seen In th illustra
tion. Two red pep
pers may aUo b
lully grown in a bottle. In this cat
you bave to tie tho bottle to a stake
drivon dote to the pepper plant, plac
ing bit of cloth over the mouth of tb
bottle to keep out as much rain as pos
sible. It it best to remove nearly all th
remaining pepper and cuoumbers from
th plant, that a well developed (peel
men may grow in the bottle. American
Agriculturist.
Bartholdi'i atudio in Psrls it crowded
with new works in villous stages of
completion. Hit latest production it
group for a monument that is to consti
tut th offering of a wealthy oitlcen of
Btrasbuig to tb Rapublio of Swltzer-
JmL
mm
li
AIR SHIPS.
tHE TttdM A!l HltOOfiriSS OP
AUIIlAb NAVIGATION.
Various Invention lor Ralllnst In
Ihn Clouds The Vaonuiu
JJollosvs Other forms ot
Mavlgatil llnlloon.
HE recent rxperl-m-nt
with balloons
intended for us in
war, and the prepa
rations of many in
ventors to exhibit
their airships at the
world l Fair, show
that the myriad fail
ures nnd mnny fa'al-
Itlcs which bave
marked the history
of nerlnl navigation
have not diacournged
ambitious men, who
see n fortune or fame
In the solution of
this problem. It has
been full of fascina
tion, and Its record
teems with Interest
ing adventure, says tho Now Yorlc Re
sordnr. Boon after the publication of Torrl
sell's dlscovory that air was weight, it
occurred to another Italitn Francesco
Lana that It would bo possible for a
body to rlso in nlr, provided it weighed
fcss thnn the air it displaced. He no
sordiugly proposod to make nn nerinl
vessel to bo raised by means of globes
from which tho nlr was exhausted. In
bis design the wicker-work car is at
tached to four large spheres of copper,
snd n sail is fixed n tho ccntor. We
have no record of the appnratus having
been constructed, and it Is quite certain
(hat It was not successful. Theoreti
cally, thero is no reason why a balloon
should bo constructed on tho vacuum
principle, though it is doubtlul if even
it the picscnt day a vessel could bo
built sulliclcntly strong to withstand the
pressure of the atmosphoro and nt the
"'i' timo sufllciently light to rlso.
fsvvcrthcloss, a patent wns granted last
year to an luvontor, who stated in his
specification tlmt a vacuum balloon is
not nn impossibility. Ho gives calcula
tions which if thore bo no (law In them,
show that a vessel can bo constructed
woighlng 185 tons and cnpablo of rais
ing fifty tons more than its own weight
when tbrco-quurtcrs of tho air Is pumped
out of it.
A VACOOK BA7.T.OOT.
As is well known, tho first balloon
ascent was that of SI. Pilatr do Rozior,
In Montgolflor's flro balloon, which took
place on October 15, 1783. Tho nlr in
tho balloon wns rnrillod by n flro boneath
It, nnd tho aeronaut stood In a gallory
formail round tho mouth. Tho ascent
on this occasion wns limited to a height
of about eighty fcot by ro;ios, but a
month later, on November 21, tho samo
gcntloman ascended with a companion
in a lire balloon nnd descended in safety
tnmo flvo miles from the piece he started.
Bovernl ascents wero afterwards mado in
fire balloons, but before long they were
ibandonod, owing to accidents having
occurred through their becoming
Ignited.
Though tho use of hydrogen gas nt a
means for raising balloons was proposed
as eorly as 17C7 by Dr. William Black of
Edinburgh, no attempt was made to
utilize it except for toy balloons until
August 1783, when MM. Charles and
Robert sent upa large balloon from Paris.
The balloon roso to a height of 3000
feet, and foil fifteen miles away In the
country, where it caused great conster
nation nmocg tho inhabitants, who Im
agined it to be of supernatural origin.
On December 1st of the same year the
maker of the balloirn ascended in it from
the Tullcries, and descended safely after
journey of about three miles.
Bofore the end of the last century it
was known that a gas could be obtained
from coal which was lighter than air,
and Its use for aeronautical purposes was
proposed at early as 17S5 by Tiberius
Cnvallo. It was not, however, employed,
except on a small icale, till much later,
owing to the difficulty of making it in
sufficient quantity. When coal gas came
Into uso as an illumlnaut at the begin
ning oi this century, it was available for
aeronautical purposes, and wot toon
mado use of. At the present day It it
almost Invariably used instead of hydro
gen gat, though it it much heavier, and
it it cheaper and 1 easier to procure in
ujr quantity,
' A itcont.Ait Antsim.
It was obvious from the first (hat bnl.
loons would not be of any great pne
tical uti unlet mean could b deviata)
61
for psooelllng and teertng them, and
Inventors, therefore, toon turned tneir at
tentlon to the subject. In tb Illustra
tion of an airship designed In 1784 bl
M. B , of Paris, ll wilt bs noticed
that th ship It fitted with tall, which
eould hav na affect on vessel dotting
In the air.
Many attempts have bf en made to us
wingless oars or paddles for rowing bal
loons through the atr. The Dolphin was
to bar been worked In this way. Th
propellers were set like Bns near the head
of the flsb-shaped balloon, and were to
be worked by lovers extending down to
the car. The construction of the Dol
phin was commenced In 1817 by a Mr.
8. Paully, the money required, which
amounted to 150,000, being found by
Mr. Dars Eg, a gunmaknr, well known
at tho time. The envelopo was msde
of gold-heater's skin, and the flu
and rudder of silk tad whalebone. Tb
completion of the apparatus was pro.
traded by dissensions butweon the pro.
prlotors, nnd eventually both died with
out the machine biting finished. Boms
considerable progress must, howover,
have been made, as tickets entitling thu
holders to view tho machine went
printed; on them wns a picture, of
which tho Illustration is a copy.
Smte Inventors have recently pro
posed to us wings or pvldlos, worol
tncchniiienlly. In the specification of a
patent applied for last yetr, for Instance,
fa described a canoe-shaped balloon with
sclf-fenthering paddles, drivon by steam
or electricity. Though It Is quite pos
sible that wings nr paddles might suc
cessfully be used, the machinery for
operating them is necessarily more com
plicated than that required lor turning a
screw propeller, nnd, therefore, the
latter Is almost Invariably now em
ployed. TIIR MOD It t, OF A FISIT.
The first successfully propelled balloon
scorns to have bcon that of Rufus Porter,
an American, who, In 1S33, constructed
a model somo twonty feet long, which
was worked by a small steam engine.
The apparatus was exhibited In Now
Yoik and worked successfully, but no
attempt seems to have been mado by
this inventor to construct I balloon large
enough to carry a human being. An
other model was made by a Frenchman,
M. Jullien, in 1850, which worked suc
cessfully, und was exhibited in Paris at
tho Hippodrome. Two years later a
balloon was made by OlfTard, which
could be propelled through the air on a
calm day, nnd could be stcerod satisfac
torily in a strong wind, though it could
not be propelled directly against it.
During the siego of Paris ordinary bnl
loous were much usud for carrying lottcrs,
etc, nnd before tho siego was raisod M.
Dupuy do Lorno wns intrusted by the
Government with the construction of
navigable one. Tba war terminated,
however, before it was completed. It
was afterwards finished, end tried with
eight men in it working tho screw pro
peilor, the experiment proved fairly suc
cessful, though tho strength ot the iaen
was insufficient to cause it to travel at
any great pace. Another successful
French balloon was that invented by the
brothers Tissandier. The balloon was
driven by an electric motor of one and
one half horso powor worked by a bat
tery. Tho btlloon steered woil, nnd a
speed of nino or ten miles an hour was
obtained.
In 1881 a balloon named "La France"
was built by Captain Reuaud and M.
h'tebs, ngsln Frenchmen. Out of sovon
trials ttvo wero completely successful, toe
balloon, after covering a considerable
distance at a speed of ton to fifteen milos
por hour, being brought back to its
CIOAR-SnAPED BALLOON.
starting point. On one of the remaining
trials something went wrong with the
electrical apparatus, und on another oc
casion the wind was excessively high,
and the balloon could not make headway
against it.
In 1890 a navigable balloon was suc
cessfully constructed by Professor Carl
Meyer. Tho balloon itself was some
what the shape of a cocked hat, why, it
Is bard to lay, as this shape does not ap
pear to have any advantages over the
cigar shape, usually adopted for navig
able balloon. The propeller was driven
from cranks worked by the foot of tho
operator like those of a bicycle. The
speed attained was about ten miles an
hour.
Though th problem ot navigating
balloons has not as yet been completely
solved, great advances hav been made
In th last few years, and it it certain
tbat in tb future navigabla balloons will
be employed in war, even if no other us
it found for them.
Tb Most Anolent Temple.'
In th temple ot Mecca thera is
square stone edifice which, by tradition,
It said to hav been built by Abraham
and hit ton Itmaol. It it this part of
th temple, known nt the Caaba, which it
piinclpally reverenced by tb Moham
medan, and to which they alwayt direct
their prayers. Philadelphia Record.
According to very good authority
the middl O it declared to be th not
moat frequently used in vocalum, as it
earn to b the not which bast avoids
tb extremes and it most wilkim th
ausyd eompajt.
in Almoit Unknown Animal.
speaking of th arrival at th Zoologt
al Park in Washington of herd of
eight llamas, th Star of thnt city says I
The llama it nn almost nnknown ani
mal in thlt country, although found
more or less numerously In the high alti
tudes of South America. The animal It
th representative of the camel family on
th western hemisphere. In South
America they are a very valuable animal,
being used for carrying burdens ovet
the high mountains, while their wool I
MAMA.
used for clothing and their flosh for
food. Without the cnmols' hump, they,
although much smaller, reiomblo the
camel around the head and mouth.
When In a wild ttngo they live high up
on tho mountains nnd descend for food.
One of their peculiarities, ar.d a disa
greeable one, too, is thoir power to ejnot,
when irritated, a most horrible mixture
from their mouths tun or twelve feet,
blinding an opponent.
The animals were secured nt an iltl
tude of ftOOO feet on tho sterile plains ot
litohamba. Living almost in an nrctlo
climate the llama is especially suscepti
ble to heat, aud it was thought best to
bring them down to the se by easy '
stages. One month was therefore spent
in going from Riobamba to the coast,
which admitted of several stops to ac
cllmato tho animals to tho great heat.
Tho her 1 which loft Riobamba consistod
of ten animals, all of wiiicb reached th
const In apparently good condition. Tb
herd was drivon by two Indians, nnd on
reaching Guayaquil, on tho coast, were
corslled in tho gardens of the hippo
drome, whore they romalnel a weok.
Larjrst Steer In thn World.
William M. Slngerty, President of thn
Record Publishing Company, of Phila
delphia, will take his big steer, th
largest in tho world, to tho Columbian
Exposition. The stcor was sired by
I ure bred Holstcin, and its dam is a pur
red Durham cow. The animal is sis
years old nnd weighs 3800 pounds. It
height Is flvo fcot ton inches, Its girth
over loin ton feet ton inches, nnd it
length from root of enr to tall nino
feet ten inches. Mr. Singerly will ex
hibit his stocr in tho livo stock depart
moat of tho Exposition.
Science nnd Millionaire.
At the top of the list it Alexander
Graham Boll, whoso profit on th tole-
phono are represented by eight figures.
Next comes Edison with a seven figure
fortune Brush, of electric light fame,
Ehhu Thomson and Edwjird Weston am
more than millionaires. Frank J. Spragun
was a junior officer in the United State
Navy. Ho Is now living in tho mansion
which was built for the Grants. HI
company sold nut to the Edison com- a
pany for $1,500,000. and half of it went
to the inventor. Boston Globe.
Mnsculur Jtollanks.
A wrltor in Nature states that th
limpet, deprived of its shell, putlt in
the air 1981 times it own weight, and
about double when immersed in water,
lie adds that the pulling power of th
cocklcsholl (Venus verucosa) of tb
Mediterranean, when deprived of its
t'nll, it 2071 timet the weight of it
body. The force required to open an
oyster appears to bo 1319.5 timet th
weight of the shell-loss oyster.
Why Mama Had to Get New Cat
Aft . I
Too bad dat nobody's watered daw
tiatt famsl Diu I Aa it mln Amnu'
St. 1 '- - . V - y V
mr - - isji nv - h m
l1
j . - - WW ) M