A, POLYGLOT CITY.
h
BOM DAT AMI ITS ritOMINEXT
. l'KATUllKS.
Teople From All PnrM of tho World
. "-A fltmly In Varied Humanity
Women Weighed Down
With Jowclrjr.
OMBAT, writes
Winslow Anilcrson in
the Pan Frnnclsco
Chronicle, is ono of
tho chief cities in
India, nml for beauty
of scenery, as well n
commercial ndv An
tilles, it is tnmir-
'"TpvJ (1 pwl by any otlior
'tid TV- i.i'.nsicrn citv. II Is
y . . vY 'iLi.sitiialcJ on one of tho
Vt?- " . ,11""-v Minds thnt
I! x'k ''vilionnil on tho In-
i w -linn const of the An-
v. --. - bian rVn, having nn
hrcn of nhout twenty-two squnro miles.
Tho front of tho city open on n w ide
hnrhcr which is studded with'islands nnd
jutting promontories, iriving secure shel
ter to the fleets of merchantmen.
Bombay has n stormy history. It was
the earliest settlement uf tho British in
India. The island was coded to the
English crown in I CM ns part of tho
dowry of the infant Catharine of I'orlu
trnl on her marriage with Charles II, In
1008 it was granted to tho East India
Company, and in l'To" Bombay Island
wss placed in a position of qualified de
pendence under tho Governor of Bengal
snd Calcutta. It is now tho seat of one
of the greatest presidencies of tho Kin-
ONE OF THE HrSlWO
pire of India, Prior to the English oc
cupation it wus under Portuguese and
Dutch and Dative rules, nnd many a
tierce battle has been fought for its
possession.
Bombay is now a thriving city of
nearly one million souls, und ono hears
more strange tongues spoken thero than
in any other pluco in tho world. Its
temperature ranges from scvcnty-livo de
grees Furenhcit to 115 degrees, with from
seventy to U00 inches of rain yearly, nnd
a daily tide of from fourteen to seventeen
feet. Tho city is handsomely laid out
and has many magniliceiit temples,
mosquos, palaces nnd public and private
buildings. What interested us most,
however, woro tho nativo quarters. Tliu
streets are narrow nnd tortuous, although
I urn bouud to suy they are cleaner than
thoso of Sua Francisco, Tho houses
aro picturesque iu tho extreme, with a
profusion o( lino sculpturing, project
ing stories, curious buy windows und
HAITI DIlESStNO OX THE SIDEWALK,
cozy, sunny nooks latticed nnd matted,
without window glass, where tho fair
daughters of Inuiu may be seen basking
In tho tropical sun without much more
clothing on thorn than a string of pearls
(or a waistband.
There aro mosques and Hindoo
temples grotesquely carved and guudily
painted, but of all, the street scenes, i
wHh their throngs of pooplo and side
shows and by-plays, nro the most inter
esting. Hero the tide of Asiatic
humanity o'.ibs and flows in ceaseless
streams. Nowhore, excepting perhaps
In Constantinople, can ono see livolier
hues and gnyer displays of humanity or
k busier throng of city life. Here they
are coming and going in endless crowds,
Hindoo, Uuzcrati and Murutba. Hore
can be studied the brightest and dark
est specimens ol every clime Arabs
from Muscat, Persiuns Irom the Gulf,
Afghans from the northern frontier,
black and shaggy Boluchis, negroes from
Zanzibar, islauders lrom too Maldives
snd Laccadives, Miilagashos, Muluys and
Chinese, Partis, Jews, Linear tishorraon,
Rajpoots, Fakirs, Bopoys, Buhlbs and
Europeans many of them in gay drossse
or clothes of brilliant hues. The Indian
lady is loaded down with silver and gold
jewelry and precious gems. Hur ear
have many rings in them, tome so large
that they leach her shoulders. Next
aontea the um, vitU riujjt lure
I"
r
enough for a bracolot. Occasionally
the lips are also ornamented. Then ahe
has several necklaces of costly pearls,
armlets, wristlets and anklets and In.
numernblo rings on most of the tlngor
and toes, Including the thumbs and great
toes. An Indian lady's Jewelry was
9
f
A WATKIl CAIlHII-.lt.
weighed on one occasion and it was
found to turn the scales at thirty-livo
pounds.
The conventional dress for ladies con-
nits of a piece of silk or gorgeously
colored cotton about hvo yards long and
a halt a yard wido. This is wrapped
about the lindy. The men have much
less cumbrous clothing, bhoes they
seldom troublo about. There nro scores
of public bathing establishment wheru
men nml women perform their ablutions
TEMPLES AT BOMBAY.
and chango their clothing. After esch
bath they rub cocoanut oil into their
heads and bodies. This provents the
skin from becoming too dry and crack
ing, as it othcrwho would in tho tropical
sun. All their burdens are carried on
their hends, whilo their babies arc
carried nstrido their sides, as mo a
Orientals do. All kinds of work nrc per
formed in tho simplest pnssihlo manner.
Uice and corn are ground between two
stones; tho upper one, with a handle
near tho edge, is revolved on the lower
one. which is stationary. A small hole
in the centro admits tho grain. Ono or
two women turn this original grist mill
for hours nnd so mako Hour. Tho bak
ing is equally crude. The flour is mixed
into a batter with water and put on
hot ashes to bako. This is tho
wholo process. A fermented liquor is
mudo from the juico of tho palm treo. It
is mixed with water and allowed to
stand in tho sun; fermentation takes
place, and alcohol and carbonic acid gas
is the product. Tlusdilutod with wator
is the National drink, and is known as
"toddy," from the nanio of tho palm
tho palmyra and can easily produce in
toxication. It is a sweetened alcohol,
water and curbonic acid gas inixturo of
rather a pleasant taste. As a rule tho
Hindoos ure a tomporutc peoplo. Ono
might travel in India for a mouth and
never see an intoxicated person, for tod
dy if prohibited by their scriptures.
Tho bather shops in India aro ex
tremely simple A mat is spread on the
road anywhere under a treo or in a shady
nook. Tho barber always curries his
razor and a puir of scissors with him. A
small jug of water is obtuiued from tho
nearest pool, and this with a littlo palm
oil constitutes tho barber's nnuaiucn
turium. Tho person to be shaved sits
down on his haunches on ono side of tho
mat and tho harbor on tho other. Oil is
HIGH CAST BRAtllfltC Oinf,
rubbed into the hair and besrU, aud the
nuor a pplicd. Priests are sbarjd clean.
heart and beard, one or more timet eacb
week.
The wster-carrier is another curious
person in India, tie fills a goat or pig
skin at tho nearest pool or river, slings
it across hi shoulder and supplies wator
for drinking and cooking, for watering
the garden and for sprinkling the streets.
Crude as this method may seem, the
streets are better sprinkled than those of
Ban Francisco.
The picture shows a wntcr-cnrrlor glv.
Ingaman a drink. Cups are not used
for drinking, as ono caste could not
drink out of the samo cup thnt another
casto drank from, so tho hand is hold
the mouth and wator allowed to run in
to it and tho mouth by tho very siiuots
process of gravitation. '
Tho people of India r.re ns simple
minded and ns trusting as children, pro
viding one knows how tJ tako them.
Let them onco bo deceived nnd thoy
never trust thnt individual again. In
many ways tho Knglish have accom
plished wonders in India in railroading,
t umerco nn l government, but they
have also taught the peoplo not to plneo
too much trust in their fellow men. Tho
white man has robbed nnd swindled
these poor simple minded children of tho
cmsniNO nicE.
tropics to such nn extent that tho Indian
is now fully equipped with falsehoods
nnd deceit, nnd can nover bo relied upon
in a commercial transaction. They ask
ninny, many times tho valuo of their
wares, show you one samplo and soli you
n much cheaper one. Tho rulo now in
India is to olter one-tifth or one-quarter
what they ask for everything, and yet
tho moment an Indian is made to under
stand that you nre his friend nnd want
to pay him tho correct prico for an ar
tide nnd that you do not want to swin
dle him, that moment he becomes as eon
tiding and gcntlo minded as a child.
Tho peoplo of India nro very rclig
ious. They will die, if need be, for
their nneicnt beliefs. Their domestic
life is simplo, loviugnnd virtuous. Many
of them piictice polygamy becamo it is
their religion. Many of them marry a
plurality of wives until they nro blessed
with a malo heir, becauso he is tho only
one that can sccuro them a proper
burial. They nro exceedingly kind to
their children and their household.
Their uniform gentleness nnd kindness
to all animals and living beings excitod
our highest admiration and praise. They
never cat animal food, becauso does it
not necessituto the taking of life? And
who is there in nil India thnt dnro tako
nwny that which ho cannot givel To
tako away ono holy, precious lifo that
only Lord Brahma tho Great Creator of
nil things can bestow?
Tho Modem Thumb-Kin?.
One of tho rcprcscntntivo women or
tho day read a vory clover papar in New
York before that intellectual body of
women known to tho world as Sorosis.
There was no newspaper report of her
intellectual cllon given for too benefit of
tho great world of women oulsido of
Sorosis, but wo aro told with minuto
detail that 'a jeweled thumb-ring
flashed on the hand that held tho manu
script, and that tho jewels were set
thickly in the band and were of largo
size nnd groat brilliancy."
tioxAX TnrjtiB-niNo.
It is a fact thnt a practice which
origiuated with kings of the Orient is
being monopolized by the queens of
American society. Mrs. Charles II.
Collis wears a beautiful thumb-ring sot
with supphiios and diamonds. Ella
Wheeler Wilcox who writes so pathet
ically of the "narrow aisles of pain,"
wears a thumb-ring act with diamonds.
So also does tho queen of the comic op
era stage, Lillian llusscll. Ella Proctor
Otis has threo thumb-rings, one set with
big diamonds, and another set with
rubios and diamonds, and the third, a
quaint old ring of Persian origin. A
few men among them Edmund ltussell,
the Dclsartean apostle, and others who
ought to know better wear thumb
rings. The custom originated with tho
signet ring of a king. Tho thumb, be
ing tho strongest of the Augers, was
used to seal documents of royal signifi
cance. As it is worn now tbo thumb
ring is merely a bauble. Detroit Free
Press.
Baseball At Sea.
A bint as to bow basoball might be
played at sea is given in tho Pall Mall
Budget's note on a trip to Norwry, in
which a game of cricket on the packet
is this described : The ball was tied to
about twenty yards of stout line;
Whenever it was knocked cut to tea the
fielders had to haul in tho line, which
generally became entangled at tnis criti
cut moment, and dotted the excited ef
forts to release it ere the batsmau had
piled up the runs. At other times the
oatsman wculd be lassoei by the Hue
studied to the ball, and time bad to b
called to uuravvl tho hau
MARS' MYSTERY
ls TUB FtiANKT THE HOMI2 OF
AXOTHKK HACK ?
There Are Raid to tn Signs nn lit
Bnrfnue ot Work That Could
Have Hern Dunn Only by
Human llclngs.
P to within the past
few weeks very few
people had anything
but an indistinct idea
of tho planet Stars.
But within the post
few weeks this planet
was ia what tho as.
tronomirs call apposi
tion. Thnt is vrry
liko saying to the
avcrngo mind that peas and bean multi
plied by cabbage makes roast beef. Ho
to find out exactly what tho meaning of
apposition is one must first learn some
thing about tho history of the planet
Mars.
Mars is tho fourth planet in order of
distance from the sun. It is nearest to
the world on which wo livo of all the
great superior planets that make the solar
system. Mars travels nround the sun in
a mean sidereal period of 0SO.D7O7 days,
on nn orbit inclined ono degree nnd
lifly-ono minutes to tho plane nf the
ecliptic, nt mean dint mice of 10,311,1)00
miles from thn sun.
This orbit is considered eccentric, in
somuch that its' greatest distance, 152,
:)04,()00 miles, exceeds its least, 120,
aiN.OUO, by more than 25,O0U,CU0 milo.
When it is nearest to tho earth it is iu
apposition.
Now tho foregoing statoment is tech
nical, nnd to the layman's mind tells
little. What the average man can sec
when looking throu jh a teleseopu nt
Mnrs is n great big star.
It doesn't seem to bo anything else,
but it is. People who have mado n study
of tho planet believe that it in really a
good deal like tho world, and whilo they
do not go so far as to actually say so,
they think it possible that it is inhabi-
mo 270
C!MA"AHEI.T.l"n rllART
ted. It was somo fifteen years ago that
Mars first beennio a planet thnt had any
earthly interest to tho people that livo ou
this globe.
A very wise man that ucd to sit. up
nights snd look nt tho sky through n
telescope first inndo known tho fact that
Mnrs was a good deal liko tho earth in
its shape, nnd also uttered the startling
theory that ho thought it possible that
tho planet was inhabited.
Peoplo laughed nt him just then, nnd
ho faded into tho oblivion that comes to
peoplu who nro in tho habit of discover
ing tacts ahead of time.
But after him came a nun who told
the enmo thing again lu a now way, nnd
who now has got to a point where the
world is beginning to bclievo that ho is
right.
The mnn is Professor Schiapurolli, of
Milan, Italy. He says that in his opinion
the planet Mars is not simply u nebulous
quantity of vapor, but it is u solid sub
stance on which animals nnd men exist.
Ho found that tho planet has a diame
ter of about 4000 miles. Hy careful cal
culation ho is confident that its year con
sisted of US7 days, uud that each day in
time was forty minutes longer than our
day. Ho also found that tho planot whs
made up of water and land, just liko our
world. It has, ho says, sous uud conti
nents und rivers.
As to its deusity, it differs very littlo
from the earth. Gravitation at its sur
face must be much less than it is in this
world. A man who weighs 150 pounds
upon this mundane sphere would weigh
utiout sixty pounds oa Mars. Iu fact,
all substances would he reduced in weight
by trnnslcr from our world to Mars.
pfiMOS
PATHS OF THE MOONS OP MARB.
Upon that planet our oak would become
as light as cork. Our gold would bo us
light as tin.
The question just now is: Is Mars in
habited No one knows, nf course, whether it
is or not. The only thing to judge by
is in the diameter of tbo planet gathered
by careful inspection through telescopes.
Astronomers uro co.indout that thoy
have seen tbo eternal snows nf tho two
polar regions of our neighbor world.
They are confident that its eontonts are
red, and that its teas aro greou, aud thoy
ure equally ture that its seas do not
cover more than one-fourth of its sur
face. The seas on our continent cover
tbree-fourths of the world, which points
the comparison.
Tills scarcity of water iu Mars it its
most remarkable feature.
The theory that people really do in
habit the planet is born out by tbo fact
that Professor Schiarparelli it coulident
that be bat discovered that Mart bat
been traversed by gigaotio canals. It it
easy to see that if there are canals on
the planet, it it a turety that people
rautt have built them. Thit idet, too,
it strengthened by tho discovered fact
that there it a scarcity of water in the
planet. Necessarily the pUnet mutt be
i
180 70 O VP
1.1 I I i K t-l I I ) I I I I p I . ' ,i ' 1 -,.'T ' ' ,' ' i ; ' 1 ' ;
CO 1 .... V ' ' . '. ' I -f- CO
'', i ' 1 1 i i i j
n
irrigated in thnt manner, nnd a there
are canals, the conclusion is thnt there
must be people there. .
The cnnnls on the planet Mnrs are bo-
" W
M
V ; I
' . 1. 1
1 f-o
TUB ntC.ANTIC I.ICK TMI.ESCOI'E.
lieved to have been cut for thousands ol
miles across tho land to cornice; with
the seas. They nre green in color, liko
tho water, and, in order to bo visible
through our telescopes, they must bo
irom 10U to 400 miles in len-'tli. Thev
must also be about 200 milos wide. They
run mostly from north to south, for tliu
seas divide; thn land from c ist to won.
It is diflionlt to oincnivj of su-h enor
mous public works, Imi, nothing dsn
will answer. Our little citwls would
dry up in crossing u thomvid miles of
desert.
If a people can omstrii!!'. such enor
mous works as canals of tliu dimensions
told in the forlorn;, it would bo im
possible to tell where tho limit of their
skill would reanii. They must be far
ahead of America us en 'ineers and me
chanics. Wha'. other astonishing tri
umphs ns mechanic il originators they
havu achieved must bo left to the future
to discover.
"Ono cirntimstano?,'' says Professor
Proctor, thnt may at tint cicitu surprise
is the fact that in a planet so much
farther from tliu sun than the world
0 iO 'SO
SHOWINO) riOI'lll.K CANALS.
there should exist so close a reseniblancu
to tho earth in respect to climatic rela
tions. "Hut if wo consider tho results of
Tyndal's researches on the radiation of
heat, nnd ruinember that a very mo lerato
increase in tho quantity of certain va
pors present in our ittiiinsphcm would
sulllco to render tho dim ite of thn curt i
intolerablo through the exesss of Ii.m:
just ns glass walls cause 11 hothouse to bo
warm long after the sun has set a-u
shall not tail to see that .Mars may readi
ly bo compensated bv a corresponding
iimiiigouicnt for his iticrcasod disttiico
from the vivifying cuntru of his solar
system."
Professor S vift says that theio is cer
tainly something that is mysterious in tliu
typography of tliu plunet as vioivcd Irom
tho earth.
"Some of its markings," ho adds,
"aro changeable', and appear ns clouds,
whilo others seem stable and are indica
tive of solidity. As, however. Mars
rotates upon his axis so slowly no belts
liko those environing Jupiter und Sa
turn nro visible.
"That Mars is inhabited is not nn un
derstood fuct. Thac it w.is created to that
end is a verity, but whether it is or not
is only a quostion that wo can judgo by
understanding its availability for tho
giving of lifo to human beings. No
telescope has yet been discovered ibul
truly tells that I act."
Professor Sciaparelli is Ihe only aitrouo
mcr that has managed to draw a chart
of Mars that us a planet exists only in
the minds of others not quite so famous
astronomers.
Aside from tho discoveries of tho Ital
ian professor tho credit of finding that
Professor Schinparelli is correct must bu
awarded to tho famous Lick Observatory
ak. Sun Franciscc. Tho monuy to build
this magnificent observatory was fur
nished by Mr. Lick and it bus well dem
onstrated his fuith that it wus ucedod
by thu fact that it has told the world
that Murs is probably another contiueut
like ours. New Yurk Journal.
Not Pond of Freaks.
'Tou are th sidy girl I ever loved.n
"Then wo wculd bettor part -I don't
want niarrv a freak." Life.
fill
A Herse That Breathe Through tf
Sliver Tube.
Minnie is the most remarkable horM
in New York City.
Minnio has lungs like other ho'rsrt
and the uses them to brenthe, too; but
the airis brought to thorn neither through
the mouth nor nostrils, as in other
horses, but through a silver tube.
Minnio has been very asthmatic, and
with the ordinary modo of breathing,
the doctor said, her death was a question
of but weeks or days. To savo her, for
Minnie was a good, powerful and gentle
ninre, her owners, F. A. Seagrist fs Co.,
consented thnt an operation be performed
on her throat. Accordingly Votlnary
Burgeon James Qnmil was called in
about a year ago and mado a seriei of
incisions into thn throat nnd tracheal
tube, and Minnio at onco began to
breathe quite freely. But how to keep
open these sluices of respiration was tlst
next question. For although in cour
of tiiuo tho apertures would heal ami
cause no pain, tho danger lay in their
becoming clogged by impurities of the
atmosphere, ns well ns by the ohlcgin
from the horse's lungs.
V";' ' y
1. Tnn AppyiATt's in rnsmox.
After nn unsuccessful trial of sever il
weeks Dr. llamil hit upon tho idea to in
sert nn irtihcial tracheal tube of silvel
into the horse's gaping wound. This
was done, and Minnie has since ex
perienced no moro inconvenience in
breathing than it she hail never beet
nlllictcil with asthma.
The tubo is a curiosity. Two crescent
limped tubes, scooped out liko 11 shoe,
horn, nre fitted into cadi otlior in sucli
a way that ono tube passes into tho up
per part ot tho trachea, while tho other
hangs down into thu lower part. Tin
parts of the instrument that uro visible)
nro tho shank of the lager horn (the)
shank of the other being insido of this)
nnd the Hat round disks nt tho outer
ends of thu horns, snugly fitting against
each other so that they look liko ot
'. PnONT VIEW OP TfTE TinEATWISO AF
1U HATCH.
3. SIDE V1KW UV noTII SECTIONS 1'I.ACEO
TOIIKTHKIl.
disk threo inches i.i diameter, witn an
npeituie as big us a nicad, throUj.i
which the uir is carrie I.
This instrument is t-iken out by tin
stableman twicu a day and cloano I. If
this precaution were oiuitlcik for only u
day the accumulations would be so grea".
that Minnie would bu compelled to hnvo
recourse) for breathiug to time sir er
iiiiinerary oruu, ber uoie. Nuw Yorj
World.
An Kver Itcudy Momo-Trap.
An JC11 glisli journal eille 1 Invention,
illustrated an ever-rea ly mouse-trap.
Or)
the iiiiuu.ui'oi wnicu is -m. siuytinui, ol
Jsoutlucs.
The littlo apparatus, whlca ran 1)0
readily constructed at ho no, lias t.v.
frames, to which a movable platfor.n is
pivoted. Above this platform is sus
pended a tmall stick, to tho point of
which is attached the bait that is to ex
cite the appetite of thu little rodent. Tlut
platform, being horizontal, is supported
at one end and held iu place by a book
or box, but accessible to the mice. The
bait is suspeudud above thu loosj end.
As soon us tho mouso bus traversed thu
pivotod center its weight is sullbiuu1'. to
rock the board and tue nuiiuttl tumble
into the pail ot water at that ojd. It
cries of distress before it drowns uttraut
tho other mice, und thoy come to su4
whut is goiug oil. They alio tip. til
board aud meet with a similar fate.
Successive gent rations ol tho Alllm
family of llarrodsburg, K., have neon
iu ofiice continuously at Circuit or
County Clerk since 17$:). '
CR