THE CITIZEN, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 9, 1913.
CIVIC FEDERATION
SEEKSREFORMS
Will Redraft Model Workmen's
Compensation Measure.
SLIDES T
TO DELAY OPENING OF CANAL!
Date When Big Ditch Will
Be Ready Depends Upon
Success In Dredging. I
Facts and Figures Given In
the Annual. Report of
Colonel Goethais.
TO GET STATES' REPORTS.
PAGE SIX
THE CITIZEN OFFERS YOU
THIS ILLUSTRATED BOOK
1
T
FREE
Special Commission and 25,000 Em
ployers to Give Views on Plan For
Industrial Accidents-; Other National
Problems to Be Acted Upon.
Tlio fourteenth animal meeting of the
National Civic federation will bo held
in New York city on Thursday anil
Friday, Dec. 11 anil 12. The program
this year will Include reports from the
various departments of the federation,
which reports will call for discussion
and action on many important proposi
tions of national Interest that will ho
presented.
These departments are: The depart
ment on compensation for Industrial
accidents and their prevention, the food
and drug department, the welfare de
partment, the woman's department, the
department ou Industrial mediation
laws, the department on regulation If
municipal utilities, the department on
regulation of Industrial corporations and
the department on Industrial economics.
Report on Compensation Acts.
The department ou compensation for
industrial accidents and their preveu
Hon has a cemuilsslou of six men, who
have been making a study of the ac
tual results of the working of the vaii
ous forms of compensation acts. This
commission consists of Cyrus W. Phil
Hps, J. Walter Lord, Louis B. Schram,
Otto M. Eidlltz, James Duncan and
John Mitchell, the two last named hav
ing been selected by the American Fed
eration of Labor to represent it in this
Inquiry.
The commission has confined Its
work to the states where the compen
sation law has been In effect for at
least a year. These states include Mas
sachusetts, New Jersey, Michigan,
Ohio, Illinois, Wisconsin, California,
Oregon and Washington. The report
of this commission will contain the re
sults of a questionnaire sent to 25,000
employers In these states who have
either gone under the acts (which nro
elective) or have refused to do so.
The views of the worklugmen them
selves, either through their unions or
as individuals, will nlso he included.
In the light of the Information secured
by this commission the model work
men's compensation bill of the Nation
al Civic federation will bo redrafted.
Laws Governing Food and Drugs.
One session at the annual meeting
"will bo devoted to the consideration of
the food and drug problem. The fed
eration has an expert committee which
will bo prepared to propose an outline
for work that It Is hoped will prove of
great assistance to the department of
agriculture and the forty-eight state
and, dairy commissions which are
charged witli the administration of the
federal and state laws relating to those
subjects.
How adequate are the federal and
state laws today? What changes, if
any, aro proposed? Is the admlnlstra
' tlon of the law effective in protecting
the people In these matters? These
questions all will bo considered.
The department on industrial media
tion laws, which was so successful In
securing the passage of the Newiands
act, providing the arbitration of dis
putes between Interstate railroads and
their employees, will report on a mod
el state mediation bill. The depart
ment, on regulation of municipal utili
ties will report on Its proposed model
bill for the regulation by the stato of
street railways, gas, electric light and
other municipal utilities.
COST OF A MEXICAN WAR.
Would Be $350,000,000 For 560,000 Men
For Six Months.
The republic of Mexico has nn area
of 705,537 square miles. This Is as
large as all of tho United States east
of tho Mississippi river, except New
England and New York. It has a pop
ulation of approximately 10,000,000.
But more than half of these can nei
ther read nor write. Only about 3,000,
000 aro -whites, and a large part of tho
population Is Bavage.
Tlo strategy of Intervention, con
tinues Oswald F. Schuetto In Leslie's,
would consist largely of hurling
against tho City of Mexico two invad
ing armies ono from Vera Cruz, on tho
east coast, and one from tho Texan
border on tho north. The northern
army would hold at bay all tho forces
of Mexico now in her northern states,
whllo tho American forces to bo land
ed from tho east could mako speedy
work of tho fight to tho capital.
Tho war department's plans, with
tho estimate of nn army of 500,000
men, contemplates such a show of su
perior force that it would sweep every
thing beforo it. On this basis tho
actual Invasion might bo completed
within six months, now much longer
tho occupation of Mexican territory
would bo necessary completely, to re
store peaco belongs o prophecy.
An Invasion by 500,000 men, lasting
for six months, if Is believed, would
npproxlmato a cost of $350,000,000, al
most $2,000,000 n day. This Is nn al
lowance of a little moro than $100 per
month per man, n conservative per
apltn cost to put such an army in ac
tive servlce.nnd keen It moving.
TUAT the opening of tho Panama
canal on Jan. 1, 1015, Is not yet
an absolute certainty Is stated
by Colonel George W. Goethais
In the annual report of the Isthmian
canal commission, which has Just beeii
made public. Additional slides may
delay the date.
The Impression generally held that
the blowing up of Gambon dike and
the Hooding of Culebra cut mean that
the cannl is practically completed Is
erroneous, according to this report.
Culebra cut was flooded to allow suc
tion dredges to attack tho slides, and
tho first day of tho canal's actual oper
ation still depends upon how fast the
dredges can work to keep the channels
open.
Tho report outlines the policy to be
followed by the canal authorities in
dealing with Individuals or corpora
tions desiring to sell coal or oil fuels
to vessels using tho canal. The gov
ernment will allow storage space and
handle tho coal, charging for this serv
ice. Tho supplies of fuel to bo stored
for naval purposes will be used to
maintain uniform prices.
Comment regarding the form of gov
ernment to bo adopted for the zone
after the completion of tho cannl,
which is said to have caused a break
between Colonel George W. Goethais,
chairman and , chief enginer of tho
commission, and RIchnrd Leo Met
calf of the commission, Is absent from
the report.
Water Versus Slides.
Regarding the completion of tho
canal the report says:
"The passage of commercial vessels
is dependent upon the time when
proper channels can bo dredged
through the slides. Should additional
ones occur they will necessarily ad
vance the date when this will bo ac
complished. "It has been the general belief that
the effect of the water In tho cut would
tend to retard slides, nnd tho experi
ence below tho Gatun locks In the
sustaining power of water against
slides fully justifies this belief. On
tho other hand, the geologist Is of the
opinion that the water may, to some
extent, develop now slides.
"Again, much ado was made In 1000
over the seamy character of rock on
the isthmus, through which water
flows quite rapidly, In consequence of
which tho question was raised that
tho lake might leak out through seams
and crevices. If these things aro lia
ble to occur, tho sooner the better, If
the official opening of the canal is to
occur Jan. 1. 1915; for If the water
were, not admitted this fall, but were
deferred until May 1, 1914, tho full
height could not be reached until Oc
tober, 1914, leaving little time for tho
determination of thoRn rmpsHnna. TIipso
'considerations led to the conclusion
that the water should be turned Into
the cut nt tho earliest date practicable
for getting the dredges to work on
the slides."
Regarding tho earthquakes which
frequently have been reported ns a
menace to tho canal, the report merely
states:
"A number of seismic disturbances
were registered, but none was so vio
lent as to be sensibly felt In the canal
zone."
No Coal Monopoly Intended.
This Is tho policy outlined with re
gard to the sale of coal and oil fuel to
vessels using tho canal:
"It was never Intended that the gov
ernment should exercise n monopoly
of the coal business on the isthmus,
but to utilize the coal stored here for
the use of tho navy in maintaining
uniform prices of this product to ship
ping. In order to encourage Individu
als and companies In the business of
furnishing coal to vessels which use
the canal tho policy has been ndopted
of providing storage In connection with
both coaling plants for the coal piles
of individuals and companies who de
sire to participate In the business.
'"There will bo a certain rental charge
for tho nreasland In addition a real es
tato tax of 1 per cent of tho value of
the improvements, should any bo made,
nnd n merchandise tax of 5 cents for
each 2,000 pounds of coal sold. The
government will do all tho handling,
nnd charges for putting tho coal Into
storage nnd taking It out, charges for
tho use of coal barges, and other labor
in connection with this service will bo
fixed nt cost prlco to tho government
for such service
"Tho same policy was ndopted with
reference to oil. It is proposed to equip
the wharf In tho vicinity of tho coal
ing station nt tho Pacific terminus and
docks No. 13 and No. 14 nt Mount
Hope, on the Atlantic side, with fuel
oil supply nnd delivery mains In dupU
cnte, together, with, tho necessary
pumps, so that the government will bo
nblo to handle satisfactorily all fuel
oil, Including oil of Individuals and
companies who may wish to partlct
pnto In the fuel oil business; on tho Isth
mus, on the samo general terms ns
tboso npplylng to the conl business."
ncnlth conditions in the zone show
an Improvement, The toll of life for
the year was 483, of which 30 were
Americans, 5S whites of other national
ities and 389 negroes.
Tho review of tho work for nn entire
year as set forth in the report shows
in a more striking manner than in the
current and fragmentary reports pub
lished from time to time the enormous
difficulties which tho canal builders
have to overcome. Speaking of tho
work in Culebra cut, where tho heav
iest slides have occurred, the report
says:
"The estimated amount removed be
cause of slides was 5,899,200 cubic
yards, and of this amount 1,593,000 cu
bic yards of material was taken from
the upper reaches of the banks to re
duce the- quantity to bo taken from the
bottom or as n preventive measure
against slides nnd breaks In other
words, 40.07 per cent removed from tho
cut was due to slides ns ngalnst 35.90
per cent during tho previous fiscal
year.
Big Increase Over Estimate.
"The amount remaining to be re
moved was again increased at 'the
close of the year and aggregates for tho
Culebra cut 8,200,000 cubic yards. In
other words, there will be an Increase
for the central division of 9,2S0,237
cubic yards over the estimate submit
ted in tho last annual report. Of this
total remaining 1,324,044 cubic yards
were Inside tho canal prism lines and
0,800,500 cubic yards estimated for
slides, which estimate Includes tho
nmount for benching back of the banks
t,o as to relieve tho pressure wlllch,
crushing the underlying strata, may
cither increase tho extent of existing
slides or cause new ones.
"The total nmount of material due to
slides so far removed aggregates 22,
570,200 cubic yards, or an Increase of
2,304,200 cubic yards over that esti
mated in the last annual report. Slides
and breaks increased as tho cut was
deepened. No treatment has proved
effective for slides when onco devel
oped except that of excavating nnd
hauling away material from the mov
ing mass until the slide comes to rest
or until the angle of repose for the par
ticular material In motion is reached.
"Tho prediction of the geologist In
tho last annual report, with reference
to the Cucarncha slide, that 'the end
of tho activity of this slide Is now well
in sight, however, because all loose
surface stone nnd clay has almost slid
off, exposing several large dikes and
flows of basalt which would maintain
in place most of the remaining ma
terial,' have not been realized. The
bottom grade of the canal had been
renched nnd tho widening cuts hod
progressed satisfactorily until within
approximately sixty feet of tho line
of the prism was reached on tho enst
side, when on Jan. 20 tho basalt rocks
broke and there slid Into tho cut ap
proximately 2,000,000 cubic yards of
material, extending completely ncross
the cut, topping the tracks on the
sixty-seven foot level and completely
stopping the passage of trains from the
north. Bottom grade was subsequent
ly reached for sufficient width to put
in drainage pipes for handling tho wa
ter from tho north, but the rains
saturating tho loosened material oc
casioned a flattening of the slope, thus
causing another movement, and tho
weight of tho superimposed mass
broke tho pipes.
Slide Covered Fifty Acres.
"Work was continued on tho slide
during the year, but principally for the
purpose of maintaining tho tracks on
the sixty-seven foot level open for tho
passage of trains. This slide at the
close of tho fiscal year covered nn
nrea of approximately fifty acres. The
totnl nmount removed thus far since
July, 1005, when It began moving, Is
3,859,500 cubic yards, leaving approxi
mately 1,500,000 cubic yards still to be
removed."
The financial operations of tho canal
are told in big figures. Tho disbursing
officer has paid out $20,524,705 on pay
rolls alone. Congress so far has appro
priated $349,505,223 for canal construc
tion, of which $10,070,950 went for
fortifications.
In great detail Colonel Goethais tells
tho story of tho engineers work during
tho last year, nnd with particular satis
faction It is reported thnt tho niechnn
Ism of the vnst locks nnd dnms wns
tested with perfect success. Tho gntes
nt Gntun wero swung in ono minute
nnd fifty seconds for ench leaf. Tho
heavy iron chains which aro depended
upon to prevent an unruly1 vessel from
crnshlng Into the locks wero raised and
lowered in ample tlmo to meet any
emergency and demonstrated their ami
ity to check or stop nny vessel, unless
of very great slzo and moving nt exces
Blvo speed. Tho locomotives which tow
the vessels through tho locks wero
tried out nnd proved their ability to
handle tho largest vessels. Tho elec
tric installation, which will Involve tho
uso of a current of 44,000 volts pres
sure, was completely successful.
Altogether tho technical sections of
tho report seem to demonstrate tho nc-
turacy of Colonel Goethais' statement
thnt practically nothing but tho great
slide nt Cucarncha remains to prevent
Uo successful oDeratlon of tho canal.
this great book which contains over 650 finely illustrated pages
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The Citizen Publishing Co
Minute "Movies"
of the News
Right Off the Reel
Cincinnati man demanded writ to
compel wifo to listen to his plea to end
separation.
Bayonue (N. J.) recorder fined two
sailors by phono so ship could sail with
tide and tho pair.
Now Brunswick (N. J.) thieves had
"nrocresslvo breakfast" Stole milk at
ono house, eggs nt another, etc.
Passaic (N. J.) lad, asked for original
essays on Washington nnd Wilson,
started to wnlk to cnpltal for data.
Frceport (N. Y.) couple, wedded sixty
years, danced as blithely at celebration
as at original event, though eighty-
three and eighty-two.
Maryland family, grown so hefty
house would not stand strain, hnd to
build new home. Combined weight of
seventeen Is ton and n half.
WIRELESS CLOCK TICKS
OVER THE SEA COMPARED.
Washington Observatory Getting Ra
dio Signals From Eiffel Tower.
Tho naval observatory In Washing
ton Is now regularly receiving time sig
nals from tho obsorvatoryof Paris by
Wireless telegraphy between tho Eiffel
tower nnd tho nnvnl radio tower at
Arlington, Yn. These exchanges have
been going on every day for several
weeks. Tho scientific object Is to
mensuro by tho velocity of tho propa
gagntlon of rndio signals over tho In
tervening dls'tnuco the precise differ
ence of longltudo between Paris nnd
Wnshlngton.
Tho complete success of tho work
had been moro or less disturbed by In
terferences from other radio stations
nnd by atmospheric conditions until
finally tho beats of tho Paris clock, ns
transmitted by wireless, wero com
pared with tho Washington clock for
several mluutcs. This Is tho season
of tho year when tho elcctrlc.nl condi
tions of tho atmosphere are most fa
vorable to such long dlstanco work,
and It is now believed that tho work
of tho American and tho French com
missions ou longitudinal determina
tions may go forward with their task.
Tho same signals which nro sent by
the, Arlington radio station for the
naval observatory are to be used by
naval hydrographlc surveying parties
In the West Indies nnd Central Amer
ica. Tho Washington naval observatory
was the first institution to employ ra
diotelegraphy for tho transmission o?
Its time slgnnis to ships nt sen to per
rait them to check their chronometers
nnd to determine more accurately their
longitude. It also transmitted such
signals to surveying parties under the
hydrographlc offlco to enable them to
determine the longitude of points used
as bases for surveys.
In such transmissions, however, there
was the loss of a fraction of a sec
ond between the time of starting a
signal on Its journey nnd of receiving
It. It was therefore necessary to ac
curately measure this loss nnd mnke
allowances. This was first accom
plished by the French scientists
through -what Is known as the method
of "coincidences." The.superintendent
of the naval observatory then suggest
ed that comparisons be carried on be
tween Paris and Washington to solve
tho problem of measuring losses.
Tho French govornment went further
than to accede to the request of the
naval observatory that American ex
perts be permitted to take observa
tions in Pnrls. It arranged to send a
commission of scientists to co-operato
with an American commission In con
ducting, the test. This dual commis
sion commenced work last April.
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