THE CITIZEN, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER n, 1913. PAGE SEVEN t0t0t0tpt0xCKx0tpicxa (i n n CHURCHILL Plan to Suspend Battleship Building Indorsed by Secretary Daniels. CLOSE on the heels of the an nounccment that Winston Churchill, first lord of the Brit ish admiralty, urges strongly that all the great nations join in a "naval holiday," the same being a period of a year or more, during which the powers shall refrain from build ing battleships, comes the news that the first ltccl plates of the great super Dreadnought Pennsylvania, destined to be the most powerful fighting ma chine in tho world, have been laid at Newport News, Va. Almost simul taneously the battleship Texas, just completed nnd at present the largest war vessel ufloat, justifies the predic tions of her builders by averaging a speed of 21.128 knots on the five high speed runs which marked tho climax of her standardization trial at Hock land, Me. From nil tho rest of the world news comes also of Increased activities in nu val construction. Nearly all tho naval programs of the great powers contem plate tho building of from one to five battleships annually for the next fivo years. Even New Zealand Is planning a navy of her own, the first step in this direction being the building of a cruiser of tho Bristol typo of 4.S00 tons displacement to cost ?2,000,000, which on occasion may become a part of tho formidable fleet of Great Britain. Germany, too, will adhere to her ex isting program of navnl construction tvtnston cnrrncnriii,, nnsT lord op trnn BRITISH ADMIRALTY. and development, at present consist ing of two battleships a year, "Naval Holiday" Impractical. Unofficially the kaiser's experts de clare the suggestion of tho British statesman to bo impractical. The Ger man fleet, they assert, is for defensive purposes only and as such must bo maintained in a condition capable of protecting the coasts of the father land against possible enemies. That tho German naval experts are not without Justification for the stand they have taken is evidenced by the report of a new 'invention lately tried out by the British government, by means of which a mine may bo ex ploded at a distance of several miles without wires or other connecting ap paratus. This, In view of the fact that a clash between John Bull and the kaiser is tho ever recurring bugbear of tho German and British publics re spectively, would seem to give color to the alleged need of a "defensive fleet" for tho German coast, to say nothing of tho fact that England's naval con struction program includes tho build ing of at least four Dreadnoughts a year for several years to come. Yet while other nations besides Ger many have thus far turned a deaf car to tho suggestion of tho British first lord of tho admiralty, at tho same time in nearly every country there may be found a steadily growing sentiment in its favor. Indeed, there is scant doubt but that this feeling will tako some definlto form in the near future. Daniels Indorses Suggestions. Secretary of tho Navy Josephus Dan iels In n recent Interview strongly ad vocated tho Churchill plan as a means of reducing tho annually increasing naval budget of every nation and the added taxation which it necessitated. Economic reasons alone, ho asserted, liven without considering thoso tend-' Sng toward a world peace, dictated tho advisability of a worldwido agreement between all first class nations to closo or at least curtail the construction of battleships for a stipulated period. "I believe such an agreement must be made sooner or later for economic reasons," tho secretary declared. "The hysteria of naval preparations Is prov ing too great a burden for tho people, Wo ourselves are spending, about J j4o. OOQOOO 'annual iy on our navy and an tqnal amount on onr fltiny. and that I 1 111 III mml riuLIUM I UlmLU Dl fpppppraxpptpprxppiP 3 nnrn nv $ FOR ALL NATIONS Meanwhile Increased Activity In Naval Construction Is Noted Everywhere. but a bagatelle compared to what the great powers of Europe and Japan are spending, with new vessels supersed ing and making obsolete nil that have been built before. "Tho world today is facing the anomaly of making its navy less ade quate by increasing it, for when new vessels nre built with their more pow erful armament they render useless tho smaller warships, save for coast de fense." Would Benefit Humanity. The secretary said that such an agreement joined in by Germany, Eng land, France, Russia, Japan and tho United States would result in the great est benefit to humanity in general from an economic standpoint "Unless some such agreement is soon reached," ho said, "every citizen will, figuratively, be carrying a soldier on his back." Secretary Daniels' statement Is di rectly In line with the offer Mr. Churchill made directly to Germany, as the chief rival of Great Britain. I'noto by American Press Association. BATTLESHIP TEXAS, MOST POWERFUL FIGHTING MACHINE AFLOAT, ON HER TRIAL TRIP. while ho was discussing the British naval expenditures of $1)75,000,000 a year nnd warning the nation of tho in evitably heavy Increase In armament if tho rivalry continued. , After making his plea for a universal "naval holiday" Mr. Churchill express ed the opinion that if Great Britain and Germany took the lead all tho oth er great countries would follow suit, and they would all bo just ns great and as sound ns if they had built the ships at present projected. Feasibility of Plan. If Austria and Italy did not build, the obligation, ho said, would be removed from Franco and Great Britain, and tho fact that the triple alliance (Ger many, Austria-Hungary and Italy) was just now building no ships would mako tho proposal possible without the slightest danger or risk. That no one will take issue with Mr. Churchill on the question of tho benefit accruing to tho world If ljls suggestion should bo adopted is self evident. The problem lies In its feasibility, at pres ent nt least. Great navies are rising everywhere. France, Russia, the United States, Ja pan, even Greece and tho South American states, to say nothing of Austria-TIungary and Italy, in addition to England nnd Germany, aro spending millions on naval construction. Tho difficulty will bo to set a time far enough in tho future and yet not too remoto to bo of practical value to tho present .generation when all the nations will find it convenient to ar rest for n time their naval develop ment In tho meantime tho shlpyards of ev ery nation will bo busy turning out great war machines, which, despite their enormous cost, becorao obsolete within but llttlo more than the time It takes to build one of them. As far as the United States is con cerned, tho annual naval budget will probably not bo much changed, al though tho completion of tho Panama canal will add much to tho effective ness of our navy in somo respects. Canal Strengthens Navy. Far from greatly adding to tho sea power of tho United States, however, tho canal will really bo a negligible factor, although it was formerly 'claim, od that its opening would doublo the navy's ' effectiveness. But it will in crease its possibilities for coast do f enso vastly. In this connection Secretary Daniels fecontly assorted that tho canal, while adding much greater mobility to our fleets, would not greatly Increase their ttrength except as defenders of our toasts. "During tho long campaign," said the secretary, "ono of the strongest ar guments for the largo expenditure was that such a eanal would doublo tno efficiency . of tne navy, We wer$ told also that It would mako for effl; olsncy In the army and make tbq United States tho dictator of tho west ern hemisphere and the mistress of the seas. larger Navy Unnecessary. "Now that tho canal is ncarlug com pletion and the day Is near nt hand when ships will sail from San Fran cisco to the Caribbean In nbout 240 hours, ns ngnlnst the l.S'-'l hours It took the Oregon to sail around Capo Horn, we aro told that tho building of the canal demands twice as large n navy as formerly nnd that control of the canal demands n large standing army on the isthmus. "The canal will not double the ef fectiveness of our navy, but it will greatly incrense its ability to defend every part of tho coast on the Pacific ns well as the Atlantic. It will not virtually multiply the numbers of the army." Yet even If the canal will not great ly augment tho sea power of the Unit ed States, except as regards coast de fense, there Is no reason why battle ship construction should not be cur tailed. It only rcmnlns for somo of the powers to show the way. Bryan Peace Plan. Many regard tho plan of Mr. Church ill as following in logical sequence the suggestion of William J. Bryan, secre tary of state, that the nations of tho 1013, by American Press Association. SECRETARY OF THE NAVY JOSEPnUS DAN IELS. world enter Into peace treaties, agree ing to try tho arbitration of difficulties before going to war. A similar idea was embodied in Secretary Bryan's original proposal to the world powers for a universal peace pact, but was abandoned when It became evident that strong opposition would follow. If Great Britain, Germany, France, Russia and Japan would adopt the British suggestion there Is scaiit doubt that the United States would readily join in the agreement, and now that tho plan has been presented in con crete fashion to tho whole world It may not be long before negotiations be tween some of the powers are opened. STATE LIFE INSURANCE TRIED OUT IN WISCONSIN. Man Who Drafted Law Authorizing System Gets tho First Policy. Tho first policies in a state llfo In surance fund In America have Just been Issued by the Insurance depart ment of Wisconsin. Former Speaker Charles A. Ingram of Durand, who In troduced the bill In the 1011 session to create state insurance, received the first policy. Applications came from several states, but under tho law policies may be issued only to residents of Wiscon sin. The lawmaking provision for state life Insurance was enacted after the Idea had been worked out by Commis sioner of Insurance Ekern nnd a leg islative committee. A study had been made of similar laws In Germany, Great Britain, Italy and Belgium. No policy is issued for a larger amount than 1,000. When tho num ber of policy holders reaches 1,000 the maximum policy will bo issued for $2,000, and when tho number reaches 2,000 tho maximum policy will bo for $3,000, tho highest amount authorized. Existing governmental machinery will be used in the administration of tho law without the creation of addi tional offices. No paid agents will bo employed. BARS PHOTOS IN WATCHES. Illinois Central Issues an Efficiency Order to Operating Employees. No longer may engineers, conductors, brakemen and other employees in tho operating department of tho Illinois Central railroad carry pictures of their wives, sweethearts and babies on their watch crystals. An order against the practice has just been issued by the management Officials of tho company havo decided nat such pictures aro likely to dis tract the attention, of employees from their work, nnd that accidents .might result. Tho order also specifics plain dials .of a uniform design. '.This rulo may seem to bo a small matter, but, after all, it is the little things that count," said Vlco President W. It. Park In discussing the order. "Every railroad man win admit that success In the operating department re-ii'-tri-t nftftjtlon to uty." FILIPINOS' TAXES SHOW PROORESS Returns Givo $800,000 Gain In Collections. TRADE IN OPIUM GUT DOWN Increased Revenues Chiefly Due to Larger Output of Factories De crease of More Than 25 Per Cent In Penalties Means Successful Enforce ment of the Law by Officials. Progress nnd prosperity in tho Phil ippines under the ndminlstrntion of the United States aro reflected In the nnnual report of William T. Nolting. collector of internal revenue for the islands, for tho last fiscal year. Tho report has just been made public by the bureau of Insular affairs at Wash ington. For the yenr ended Juno 30 last Col lector Nolting reports total collections of $11,392,3S2.DS, an Increase of $S0O, 208.S3, or 7 per cent, over tho pre ceding year. O'f tho increase nearly 700,000 was due to a larger output by manufactories of taxable articles and to a stricter enforcement of tho laws Imposing taxes. The amount named includes the land tax, GS2,715.40, in the city of Manila, which hns a population of approxi mately 300,000. Of internal revenue proper tho tax collected on nlcohollc and tobacco products was 4,040,018.31, on dealers 333,103 and on imported articles of this nature 333,900. Collects Many Taxes. Tho internal revenue bureau collects not only tho taxes on liquors nnd to bacco, but nlso the cedula, or poll tax, tho percentage tax on sales of mer chandise and all occupation taxes. These are to some extent of n local nature, tho cedula being entirely so, nnd, while collected by tho agents of tho central office, nre later apportioned to tho provinces and municipalities. In other words, tho practice which obtains In many states of having taxes paid to the state nnd then apportioned nmong the counties is extended in the Philippines so ns to include tho towns or municipalities. "One item of decreased receipts is very gratifyin;;." says tho bureau of In sular affairs, "the amount of penalties collected under the opium lnw, It be ing less than 40.000, or n decrease of more than 25 per cent. Tho Philippine government, having been the pioneer In tho recent worldwido movement for the suppression of opium nnd having taken tho successive steps of licensing medical treatment nnd prohibition, with tho rigid enforcement of punitive laws, may now look forward to the early completion of tho task taken up of effectually eradicating the opium evil among tho Chinese residents, ns It has already among the Filipinos." Tho npportlonable taxes amounted to 17,434,278 pesos, or half that many dol lars, Including the regular cedula or poll tax of 1,071,581, which was di vided equally between tho municipali ties and provinces, tho extra cedula tax voted by tho various provincial boards, amounting to nearly as much, having gone to the provinces for road and bridge purposes. The municipalities received license taxes to the extent of more than 300,000, while the othei collections of 1,582,041 were divided equally between tho municipalities and provinces. Replacing American Employees. One phase of Mr. Noltlng's report throws nn Interesting bit of light on the working out of tho policy of reduc ing tho number of Americans in tho Philippine service as rapidly as quail fled Filipinos became available. Tho bureau of internal revenue began tho year with 430 regular and temporary employees, of whom eighty-flvo wero Americans, while an Juno 30 tho num ber of Americans had been reduced to forty-eight. In the process of reorganization tho collector substituted Filipinos In sev eral offices heretofore occupied by Americans exclusively, and ho has found, with few exceptions, 'that tho results havo been better than hoped for, tho new forco of agents' assist ants especially rendering excellent service. Tito bureau plays an nctlvo part in tho enforcement of several laws, and its disbursements represent moro than tho mere cost of collecting taxes, but this was done at an expense of 2.04 per cent of tho money received. PURITY CONGRESS PLANS. Opens In Minneapolis Nov. 7 and Con tinues Five Days. B. S. Steadman of lacrosse, Wis.,, president of tho World's Purity feder ation, has prepared tho program for the organization's seventh nnnual con gress, which will be held In Minneapo lis, beginning Nov. 7 and continuing until Nov. 12. I Educators, ministers and social work ers from all parts of tho United States and from several foreign countries will deliver addresses on, topics covering a wide range of activities. Governor Eberhart of Minnesota has issued a proclamation designating Nov. 0 as "purity Sunday," on which dpy there will bo special services In churches throughout tho state. Gover nor Earl. Brewer of Mississippi has is sued a Wmllar proclamation. (Conducted by the National Woman', Chrliitltin Temperance Union.) NO INCREASE IN DRINKING. Tho internal revenue report for 1913 hns been widely commented upon by the presB, Its figures being goner ally accepted as proof of an Increase In drinking, "notable," "alarming," "shameless," according to the point, of view of tho commentator. We do, not challenge the accuracy of the re port, but we do maintain that the press of the country has given It too hasty consideration, and that the pub lic has too readily accepted tho conj elusions of the newspapers. Tho fig ures given aro true as far as they go, but It Is not tho province of tho In ternal revenue commission to explain thoso figures. The National W. C. T. U., through its bureau of publicity, sends out the following explanation: First, with regard to distilled liquors, It Is not so generally known as It should be that the figures of the government report are based on tho number of gallons withdrawn by wholesalers from tho bonded ware houses, and that the amount for any ono year may or may not represent tho actual consumption for that year. It happens that for the year Just closod the amount withdrawn does not represent actual consumption. To tho average reador the situation la somewhat confusing, but It Is easily explained. Under tho law liquor may remain In bond not longer than eight years. At the expiration of that time It must be removed from tho govern ment warehouses whether there Is demand for It or not. During tho year covered by tho 1913 report a large amount was, It Is stated, thrown upon tho market because the bonding pe riod had expired. The fact that such a large quantity remained in bond un til forced out by the tlmo limit is sufficient proof that the salo of spir ituous liquors has been decreasing. When the liquor Is taken from tho bonded warehouses the government tax Is paid, and It is then officially re corded as "consumed." Tho truth of tho matter is that much liquor re ported as "consumed" from June 30, 1912, to June 30, 1913, Is now stored In private warehouses waiting a de mand. Those who understand the state of affairs havo expected Just such a showing as that now put out by tho Internal revenue department They havo expected, too, that It would be generally interpreted ns meaning a "marked Increase In drink ing." They know that while an un usual amount of liquor was with drawn last year from the bonded warehouses It by no means follows that oil of It went down tho throats of American citizens. Second, there Is more or loss jug gling of official figures by llquorltos. Desiring (In their effort to discredit the so-oallod "reform wave") to make tho per capita Increase appear large. they have a way of bunching togeth er tho figures referring to all kinds of liquors, distilled and malt And newspapers have a way of repeating without investigation this manifestly unjust estimate. For example, some "wet" authority states that the per capita amount of liquor consumption has risen In twenty years from IB .gallons to 21 gallons (this, of course Including all liquor on which tax hns been paid), and the misleading state ment goes the rounds. Third, in view of thoso facts It Is clear that there nre more total ab stainers and more prohibitionists in tliis country than ever before, and granting for tho sake of argument the Increasing consumption that drink ers nre drinking more than over be fore. It is ono of the characteristics of alcohol to Increase the desire for Itself, so wo may expect tho moderate drinker (or his children) to become the excessive drinker and tho exces sive drinker to become more exces sive. It Isn't from tho number of gallons of liquor consumed that one Judges of the nearness of nation-wide prohibition, but from the rapidly growing prohibition sentiment ard consequent number of prohibition votes throughout tho country. The liquor Interests are trying des perately to hide the fact that theirs Is a losing cause. In their Journals and in their conventions tholr utter ances are doloful and warnlngful, and In tho stock market there Is marked shrinkage In tho valuo of liquor se curities. Pessimism in tho liquor camp, optimism among tho prohibi tionists this, despite tho Internal revenue report for 1913, Is tho situa tion toaay. VITAL QUESTION. There Is not, at tho present day, any question which so deeply touchea tne moral, tho physical, and the re ligious welfare of the world as the question of temperance. Lord Chan cellor Cairns. DRINKER8 NOT WANTED. The United States oensus bureau re ports that nearly every Industry 'discriminating against tho hiring drinking men. The figures ore: oi Agriculturists . T2 per cent 'Manufacturers 78 Tier Mnt 'Trades .... ,...S8 per cent 'uauroaas ...,..,90 percent 'SHIFTS RESPONSIBILITY. Th man who tak&a the drtak nert Uka tho coatequeacoa; they art by bis fsaily, his wplorar aiU JPKOtfJESSlONAr, OAKJD8. Attorncys-nt-Low. ME. SIMONS, -. ATTORNEY A COUN8ELOR-AT-LAV, Office in the Court House, Honesdale, I'a QEARLE & SALMON, O ATTORNEYS A COUNBELOR8-AT-LAW. unices latelv occupied by Judye Searle pUESTEK A. GARRATT, J ATTORNEY A COUNSELOR-AT-LAW Otllce-Dlmmlck Building, Honesdnle. Pa. WA1. II. LEE, ATTORNEY A COUNSELOR-AT-LAW. Office. Foster Hlllllllnp. All lpsill htlnlnenn promptly attended to. Honesdale, Pa. MUMFORD & MUMFORD, ATTORNEYS A COUNSELOUS-AT-LAW office - Liberty Hall bulldinc. Honesdale HOMER GREENE. ATTORNEY A COUNSELOR-AT-LAW Office: Relf Building, Honesdalo. 0 CHARLES A. McOARTY, ATTORNEY A COUNSELOR- IT-LAW Snecial and nrnmnfc attention elvfln t.n th collection oi claims. Office: Relf Building, Honesdale. Physicians. PB. PETERSON, M. I). . 1126 MAIN STREET. HONESDALE. PA. Eye and Ear a sneclaltv. The flttlns of olnnn es civen caretul attention. F. G. RICKARD Prop MRST-CLASS WAGONS, RELIABLE HORSES. Especial Attention Given to Transit Business. I STONE BARN CHURCH STREET, r J. E. HALEY AUCTIONEER Have me and save money. Wl attend sales anywhere in State. Address WAYMART, PA.(R. D. 3) W. C. SPRY BKACTILAKE. AUCTIONEER HOLDS SALES ANYWHERE EH STATE. MttttttmttTtMttMt t SPENCER The Jeweler would like to see you If 4- you are In the marketi t for JEWELRY, SILVER-;; I WARE, WATCHES,;; CLOCKS, DIAMONDS, AND NOVELTIES I "Guaranteed articles only sold." I rmamtarrntrrtrrmamramt: MARTIN CAUFIELD Designer and Man ufacturer of ARTISTIC MEMORIALS Office and Works 1036 MAIN ST. HONESDALE, PA. JOSEPH N. WELCH Fire Insurance The OLDEST Fire Insurance Agency in Wayne County. Offlce: Second floor Masonic Build ing, over O. O. Jadwln's drug- store, Honesdalo. Bring 70ur difficult Job work to this office. We caa do it IlVERY
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