PAGE TWO
THE CITIZEN, TUESDAY, AUGUST 12, 1913.
UNCLE SAM'S MILK
AT EDUCATION
Department of Agriculture Has
Set Up No Bacterial
Standards, Says
Statement.
TUB numerous misapprehensions
under wlilch tho public in gen
eral uud dairymen everywhere
In particular havo been laboring
In regard to the work the government
Is carrying on, with a view to estab
lish a higher standard of purity In the
nation's milk supply, has led the de
partment of agriculture to Issue a state
ment outlining Its policy In dealing
with the milk situation hi the United
States. Contrary to the general im
pression, the statement points out, the
government has set up no bacterial
standards with which nil milk coming
under Its Jurisdiction In Interstate
commerce must comply, but Instead Is
conducting a campaign of education to
instruct dairymen and others handling
the milk supply of cities and towns to
produce and ship good milk.
The statement follows:
"It is erroneously supposed that the
department of agriculture has estab
lished alsoluto standards and bacterial
counts to which all milk coming under
its jurisdiction In interstate commerce
must comply. The department has es
tablished no absolute standards. It
certainly has not and will not estal
llsh any rule declaring that milk con
taining loss than n certain number of
hacterla icr cnbic centimeter Ls good
milk. Under such 0 standard, milk
containing less than n certain numlKsr
of typhoid or tulercle iweilll would au
tomatically bo passed as coming up to
standard.
"A simple count of the bacteria Is
not in Itself sullicient to determine ab
solutely Its safety. The nature of the
bacteria as well as their number also
must, if possible, bo considered. The
presence of only a few disease pro
ducing bacteria might make the milk
dangerous, while several thousand
GOVERNMENT EXPERTS MAKING A BACTE
RIAL COUNT OP MILK SAMPLES TO DE
TERMINE STANDARD.
harmless bacteria could bo present
Without necessarily indicating that the
milk was unsafe. The presence of
oven a few colon bacilli, for instance,
is presumptive evidence that cow ma
nure has been allowed to get into the
milk between the cow and the con
sumer. Similarly, a high count of the
kinds of bacteria that normally are
present in milk indicates cither that
the milk Is dirty, or that It has not
been held at low temperature or that
it is old.
Campaign of Education.
"The department in Its milk activi
ties is carrying on an extensive cam
paign of education to help dairymen
produce and market good clean milk.
This work Is carried on principally by
the dairy division of the bureau of
animal Industry. This division exer
cises no policing function. It has no
power under the law to selzo milk or
to prosecute inllk dealers. Its work
ts purely educational. This division
issues many educational bulletins,
based uion its experiments In the eco
nomical production of clean milk. It
supplies farmers with these bulletins
and also sends men Into the field to
Bbow milk producers how to make
changes within their means, which
will raise tlio quality of their milk
and also increaso their profits.
"Theso demonstrators have helped
milk producers who supply over 200
cities. In each city theso demonstra
tors co-operated with the local health
authorities, not to help them secure
ovldenco or bring prosecutions, but to
improve the local system of inspec
tion, whereby the Inspectors can aid
tho milk producers of tho territory to
bring their milk up to tho city's own
tandard without being called upon to
inako excessive expenditures.
"With tho Inspectors, the demonstra
tors visit tho dairy farms as friends
of tho farmer. They may show him
that certain cows in his herd do not
yield enough milk to pay for their
feed, or tho demonstrators may point
out certain changes in feeding which
will greatly increase tho yield. They
help tho fanner build an inexpensive
roWt r jhS Bbow; him how n win
POLICY AIMS
OF WHOLE NATION
Is Working Only to Educate
Dairymen to Produce
and Ship Clean
Milk.
dow or two or a waterproof floor for
his barn, or a little whitewash or more
frequent cleaning will actually in
crease his profits. Wlwre desired, they
explain methods of pasteurization and
shipping and handling of milk.
Tuberculin Supplied Farmers.
"Through this bureau tho depart
ment supplies tuberculin for testing
herds. Those demonstrators havo no
power to compel the farmer to follow
their advice. They merely try to show
him that theso measures are for his
own good. They do not and cannot
require the fanner to pasteurize his
milk. Where they find a herd that ls
not tested for tulcrculosIs or milk be
ing produced in an unclean way, they
advise that the milk be pasteurized,
using any one of a numlier of compet
ing machines or n homemade pasteur
izer. "As a result of tills work tliousands
of farmers have introduced new and
sanltnry methods of producing ami
shipping milk not because they were
forced to do so, tmt because they saw
tho Justice of protect!!)! their consum
ers nnd found that the v lost less milk
and made greater proli. by following
the siwclullsts' ndvln-
"The dairy division advises tlie pas
teurization of milk unknown or of
TOTTING MIIiK INTO SEPARATOR IN MOD
ERN DAIBT.
doubtful purity because in large meas
ure it protects the consumer from
dangers that might bo incurred by us
ing such milk in the nrw state. Pas
teurization is not recommended as a
substitute for sanitary precautions, but
as an additional safeguard wiicre tho
Inspection is not suilkicnt to guuranteo
tho purity of tho milk.
Educating the Consumer.
"Tho dairy divisiou aiso Is conduct
ing an extensive campaign among con
sumers. In tho first place, it is trying
to convince them that it costs more to
produce clean, wholesome mflk than
to produce dirty and dangerous milk.
In the second place, it aims to show
the householder how to keep milk after
it has been delivered by the milkman.
Clean milk, if allowed to become warm,
If kept In unclean vosscta or if expos
ed to tho dust of rooms or toft within
reach of files quickly deteriorates and
may becomo dangerous.
"Whatever power the department
has to compel milk dealers to produce
safe, dean milk comes to it from the
food and drug act. Under this act the
department lias power to request the
department of Justice to order prose
cutions or seizures only in the case of
milk that enters interstate commerce.
In this work tho department does not
set up standards, but accepts the
standards of tho city into which the
milk Is being shipped across state lines.
"Tho bureau of clicinistry, which has
only a limited number of inspectors,
does most of its work by co-operating
with local authorities in tho case of
milk produced across n state line.
Where milk is found to lw adulterated
it is, of course, seized. Whcro Indica
tions nro found that tho milk ls not
properly produced and is likely to be
como dangerous tho dairyman is warn
ed to clean up and is shown how to
Improve his milk. If ho falls to act on
this warning prosecution follows.
Aim of the Work.
"Tho purposo of this work Is not so
much to protect largo cities, that havo
their own health officers and milk in
spectors, but to prevent dangerous
inllk being shipped across state lines
Into smaller towns, which have no lo
cal milk inspection.
"Inspectors working near Pittsburgh
lately found that much milk which was
refused entry Into Pittsburgh by the
local health officer was being sold in
nearby suburbs aud small towns. Tho
department, of course, had no power
over milk produced and sold within
state lines, and therefore could take no
direct steps to sop that milk shipped
Into these towns rotn tho neighboring
In your hand
you hold a
five-cent
piece.
Right at thel
grocer's hand
is a moisture
proof package
of Uneeda
Biscuit". He
hands you the
package you
hand him the
coin. A tri
fling transac
tion? No! A remark
able one for you
have spent the
smallest sum that
will buy a pack
age of good food;
and the grocer
has sold you the
most nutritious
food made from
flour as clean
and crisp and de
licious as it was
when it came
from the oven.
NATIONAL
BISCUIT
COMPANY
towns within the state was ciean and
pure.
"The major purpose of the study is
to determine exact conditions In the
district, so that the milk producers
may be aided Intelligently to produce
a satisfactory product. In most cases,
save where milk is actually watered
or chemically preserved, the govern
ment finds that tlie bad milk results
more from tho ignorance of the farmer
than from any deliberate Intention on
his part to produce and sell dirty milk.
lie commonly needs expert advice
along practical lines, and this advice In
most cases ho welcomes and carries
out as rapidly as his means permit.
Government's First Investigation.
"The government's first Investigation
tnto interstate shipments of milk was
undertaken in the summer of 1003
mound Cincinnati before that city had
a mine Inspection department Most of
the milk used in Cincinnati was ship
port across the state lino from lO'tv-
tt.
i.
W
1 1
X
svr ill'
O
to
W
W
u
to
.IKS . i 1
tuefcy: 'm6TesuHbTJr"tnegoYernments
analyses of this milk are as follows:
Total num- Number Percent
ber samples adulter- adulter-
analyzed. atcd. atcd.
1903 41.1 2S1 62.6
1903 Ml 43 23.G
1910 752 Si 12.8
1311 Practically no milk work done.
1912 1C9 14 8.3
1S13 211 13 6.2
"The records of infant mortality lu
Cincinnati from 1000 to the present
time show a decrease of about 33 per
cent. A number of specialists In chil
dren's diseases In that city attribute
this decrease lu tho death of babies to
work done by tho federal government
and by the city in co-operation.
"At the time of the establishment of
tho branch laboratory hi Cincinnati lu
1007, no pasteurization was done and
little consideration was given to tho
bottling nnd delivery of milk lu a clean
condition. Of tho entire supply only
that milk delivered by a single firm
was pasteurized, and In this case pas
teurization was apparently resorted to
more as a means for preserving the
milk than for any other reason.
"At the present time there nre about
31,000 gallons of milk used each day
In Cincinnati, and of these, 23,000 gal
lons are pasteurized, the remainder be
ing from tuberculin tested cows."
SPECIALISTS ON MARKETING.
Employed by Government to Report
Prices From Start to Finish.
It is announced by the department 0
agriculture at Washington that a so
cialist on mnrkctlng icrIshablo produce
will Investigate prices received by pro
ducers, cost of transportation and stor
age, change of ownership, nccumulatoJ
charges, profits nnd other elements.
This specialist will then study condi
tions In various sections to determine
the feasibility of n market news serv
ice dealing with perishable products
and also tho best method of making
statistics of supply and demand useful
to tho farmer or truck gardener.
Other specialists will give attention
to studying co-operative organizations
of producers and consumers, Including
co-operative marketing associations of
fanners nnd buyers, co-operative stores,
etc. They will make intensive studies
of typical communities dealing with
special products and will assist in the
formation of now co-operative enter
prises. An expert in co-operative ac
counting will assist such organizations
to keep their books and records ef
fectively, establish cot systems and
follow up methods of handling goods
en route and on sale.
Co-operating with tho other investi
gators will bo specialists in transpor
tationmen who have had as much
railroad shipping experience as divi
sion freight agents who will assist
producers in securing proper freight
rates and will discuss questions of
extending facilities, determination of
rates, routing nnd other matters con
cewied with the speedy nnd cheap
moving of produce to centers of whole
sale and retail demand.
Special attention is to bo given to the
milling, marketing and utilization o)
cotton seed. A siocWilist in this lint
will gather full information necessary
for the successful organization and
operation of oil mills by co-operating
producers. He will also endeavor to
find new uses nnd new applications for
totton seed and its manufactured prod
nets.
Stray Dog Saves Town.
A stray dog, sheltered for the night
by a kindly man, saved the town of
Downey. Ia., from destruction by fire
when It awakened Its protector. Sta
tion Agent Flynn, who found n nearby
store and factory nhlnzo. Tho two
structures were destroyed, but Flynn
aroused the town, nnd tho citizens, im
provising n fire brigade, saved the
remaindur of tho Tillage.
NEURA POWDERS cure
all Headache. 10 cents. Sold
everywhere.
Can't De Deaf.
WIUIo's Mother WllIUs, we are go
ing out I want to buy you n pair ot
trousers.
Willie-All right.
As they enter tho store they come
to thp counter with trousers spread
upon it
Mother Willie, do you like these?
Willie Yes, mother.
But in the meantime Willie spied a
counter with a largo sign on which
road, "Can't Do Beat"
Wlllio then called his mother nnd
said: "Mother, theso aro Just tho trou
Bors I want. They can't bo beat"
Mack's National Monthly.
Why Ho Fell.
Abovo his desk through nil the year
In letters bold and black and clear
This motto, framed, hung on tho wall
To stir him with Ite clarion call:
"Do It now!"
Then came th new year, and lie swort
As you did-he would booze no moiv.
For loud that motto on the wall
Had sounded forth Its ringing call:
"Do it now!"
One day the tempter come and said:
"Take Just one more. 'Twill clear your
head."
And then that motto on tho wall
Murmured a soft, seductive call:
"Do it nowl"
Chicago Tribune.
That splitting Headache will
get almost instant if you take a
Neura Powder. 10 and 25 cts.
Sold everywhere.
XOVEL MASSAGE CREAM.
Perfect Skin Food That Removes
Wrinkles and Clears Complexion.
The most delicate skin will quick
ly respond to the soothing and tonic
effects of Hokara and when this pure
skin cream is used, pimples are soon
a thing of tho past.
As a massage cream or after shav
ing it is unequaled, removing all ir
ritations, and making tho skin soft
and velvety.
Apply a little to the hands or face
6 T.aMS3a BmsTa
I
DO YOUR BANKING AT THE
Farmers and
Mechanics Bank
HONESDALE, PA
aud you will receive all the favors
consistent with this hank's reputation
of doing business.
M. E. SIMONS, PRES'T.
Banking House, Corner
Delaware Wafer Gap, Pa.
Under Entirely New Management of Owner.
Reasonable Rates. Cuisine Unsurpassed.
CHARLES H. WHITE, Owner and Propr.
.
after washing and surprise yourself
with the dead skin that comes off.
Hokara is tho only antiseptic mas
sage cream, and pimples, eczema and
all skin blemishes soon disappear
when it ls used.
Although far superior to tho ordi
nary massage creams and sold on a
guarantee of "best you ever used or
money back," yet the price is a trifle,
only 25c for a liberal Jar; larger size
50c.
Sold on a guarantee by Pell, tho
druggist.
Eefore you start on your va
cation see that you are supplied
with some Neura Powders for
Headache. 10 and 25 cents.
Sold everywhere.
CHAUTAUQUA'
IT WEEK.
A Summer Festival
INFORMATION
INSPIRATION
ENTERTAINMENT
31 events 2 22
Buy a SeasonTicket
HOWESDALE, PA.
AUGUST, 21-27
.n:a KgaMgia tmBraaa tragga
C, fl. EMERY, GflSH'R.
Main and Tenth Streets.
IB