PAGE TWO
THE CITIZEN, TUESDAY, JUNE 17, 1913.
4' 4' 'I 4' '1 i' t 'I t "fr l"5"i
U.S.
THE WORK OF
t
1
Vast Army of Correspondents
Engaged In Collecting
Important Facts.
WIIEN the department of agri
culture sends out its monthly,
report with tlio latest crop
now In it few people realize
that more than 130,000 reporters have
had a part in gathering the facts there
in set forth. Everybody knows about
the crop reports, but not everybody
knows how they are collected nhd how
the estimates are reached.
For instauce, when the department
Bays that the average condition of
winter wheat cm April 1 was Ol.G ijr
cent of a normal against 80.0 on April
1, 1012, what is the basis of the per
centage T Is soinc previous year taken
ns the base and the percentage fig
ured from that? And, if so, how is the
basic year selected?
It isn't. The percentage doesn't
mean any comparison with any other
year. The percentage is based on what
the people in the vicinage expect of
their land. A farmer can tell pretty
well what the yield ought to be. If
ho knows that It ought to produce
twenty-five bushels and he docs not
look this year for more than twenty
bushels ho reports that he estimates 80
per cent.
And It is the farmer, generally speak
ing, who furnishes the information on
which the bureau of statistics of the
agricultural department makes Its es
timates. Most of the 130,000 reporters
are not paid. They are classified ns "vol
untary correspondents," which moans
that they furnish the information
about their respective regions without
getting a cent for It. The only thing
they get out of it is that they receive
the publications of tbe department of
agriculture without having to write
and ask for them.
The Department's Staff.
In each county which lias any agri
cultural importance there Is a cor
respondent of the department, who has
several assistants who can be called
in If necessary. Ho furnishes a re
port for the county. In addition there
Is a correspondent in each township.
They do not furnish their reports to
the county correspondent, but send
them in directly to the department of
agriculture, which checks up tho esti
mates if there is a disagreement and
figures out from the different reports
the estimate for tho state.
In addition tho department has what
It calls "field agents," who travel over
several states nt a time and report
what they observe, and it has state
correspondents, who conduct their
work Independently of tho "voluntary
correspondents" who are reporting di
rectly to Washington.
The voluntary correspondents are
subdivided as county correspondents,
township correspondents, Individual
farmers and sieclal cotton correspond
ents. Tho number of counties of agri
cultural importance in the United
States is approximately 2,800. Tho
correspondent selected by tho depart
ment in each of these counties is cho
sen with special roferenco to his quali
fications, and each is expected to se
cure data from his several assistants
in different parts of the county, and
also to supplement these with Informa
tion obtained from his own observation
and knowledge.
Many Special Eeports.
Besides these county correspondents,
with their assistants, and the township
correspondents (tho latter numbering
82,000), at tho end of tho growing sea
son reports aro received from a large
number of individual farmers and
planters on the results of their own
individual farming operations during
the year. Valuable data aro also se
cured from 30,000 mills and elevators.
As for tho correspondents employed
by tho department, tho special field'
service consists of twenty traveling
agents, each of whom covers a sepa
rate group of states. These agents,
who aro chosen for their statistical
training and practical knowledge of
crops, travel systematically over tho
districts assigned to them. It is their
business to question tho best Informed
persons in each neighborhood which
they visit farmers, country mer
chants, Implement dealers and others
and to collect information In every
way. Their reports aro rendered
monthly, sometimes by mall and some
times by telegraph, and if conditions
require more frequent reports they are
made.
States Gather Statistics.
Bach of tho stato statistical agents
reports for his stato as a wholo and
maintains a corps of correspondents
entirely Independent of thoso reporting
directly to tho department at Wash
ington. Tho stato statistical corre
spondents report monthly to tho stato
agent on schedules furnished them.
Tho reports aro then tabulated and
weighed according to tho relatlvo prod
uct or area of tho given crop In each
county represented and aro summar
ized by the stato agent, who coordi
nates and analyzes them in tho light
of his personal knowledge of condi
tions and from tbem prepares his re
ports to tho department.
Tho special Hats of voluntary corre
spondents, outsldo of tho county and
township correspondents, aro widely
varied. The "Individual farmers," as
GOVERNMENT
T
130,000 PEOPLE
Of Vital Importance to Busi- g
ness Welfare of the
Nation.
Ti A A A T. A A A A V JtAAffl A A
they aro listed at the department, sup
ply information at harvest time re
garding yields. Then there are what
are called "special price" correspond
dents, who report concerning the
prices received by farmers for their
products.
How Figures Are Obtained.
When all tho separate Independent
tabulations and computayous of re
ports received from tho voluntary cor
respondents are received, they aro
brought together by states and, in con
Junction with the reports from tho de
partment's salaried field agents and
stato statistical agents, form the basis
of each of tho monthly reports issued
by tbe bureau of statistics. Tho divi
sion of domestic crop reports tabulates
and computes the results of nil tho re
ports received from the various classes
of voluntary correspondents.
Despite the fnct that thoso voluntary
correspondents receive no pay, they
seem to like the work, to Judge by the
length of time they stick to It An in
quiry made in January, 1012, showed
that of tho entire list of county corre
spondents 88 per cent had served more
than one year, 07 per cent more than
two years, 42 per cent inoro than six
years, 21 per cent more than eleven
years, 4 per cent more tlinn twenty-six
years and 1 per cent more than thirty
six years. Tho average length of serv
ice of all tho county correspondents
was about seven years.
Tho department considers this sta
bility of service ns evidence of a high
standard of quality. It believes that
careless or indifferent farmers would
not take tho pains to report, month
after month and year after year, with
out being paid.
How Eeports Are Handled.
All the reports of the stato statis
tical agents and special field ngents
arc sent directly to the secretary of
agriculture. He' retains in his posses
sion thoso of the reports -which deal
with certain crops of a highly specula
tive character corn, wheat, oats and
cotton and does not turn tbem over to
the bureau of statistics until tho morn
ing of tho day when tho bureau is to
issue its reiwrt But tho reports on
other crops are delivered by him to
tho bureau as soon as ho receives them,
to enable their tabulation long enough
in ndvance of the preparation of each
crop report to render them ready for
uso when they aro needed. The pre
caution in tho case of the speculative
crops was adopted as a result of tho
"cotton leak" scandal of some years
ago, when advanco Information got out
to interested parties.
The reports of tho voluntary corre
spondents are tabulated and computed
and tho results turned over to the chief
of tho bureati of statistics to bo tabu
lated In connection with the reports
of the state and special field ngents.
Precautious Against Leakage.
When the monthly crop estimates
are finally made additional precau
tions are taken against leakage. Tho
crop reporting board, which docs tho
final work, consists of five members,
with the chief of tho bureau na chair
man, and its personnel is changed
each month. Tho meetings are held In
tho office of Chief Victor H. Olmsted,
and tho doors aro locked and nil tho
telephones disconnected.
It may bo said that, after all and de
spite tho numerous correspondents who
check one another up, the reports on
crops issued by tho bureau of statis
tics cannot bo inathomatleally exact
since they are gathered from tho con
clusions of farmers, interviews with
merchants, etc. This is true. Tho re
ports do not purport to bo other than
estimates. They are not tho results of
actual enumeration, as aro tho figures
reported decennially by tho census bu
reau. But, while they may not bo exactly
accurate, as no estimate can bo, they
aro given as tho best available data
and represent tho fullest information
at tho time they aro made. .
Tho government has been doing tho
work of collecting agricultural statis
tics for fifty years, but tho present
broad scope of tho work Is a matter of
only a few years. It was widened
into its present largo field under Secre
tary Wilson nnd multiplied many times
in size and efficiency in the last six or
seven years.
ANTS TO TEACH CHILDREN.
Will Be Kept In Cages In Cleveland
School Playgrounds.
Cleveland school officials who are
urging tho children to "swat tho fly"
aro also having ants collected for uso
as playground apparatus in the public
school yards. Tho ants aro to bo caged
in tho playgrounds and placed whero
the children can watch them. Tho, ob
ject of this move Is to glvo tho pupils
an opportunity to gioan a bit of natural
history and absorb habits of industry
through tho good example eot by the
ants.
Dr. E. A. Patorson, chief school med
ical inspector, first suggested tho plan,
and tho corps of fly chasers In tho
schools at onco got busy trapping tha
iluslve arid hustling ants.
CROP
REPOB
INDIANS' MUSIC
WILL BE SAVED
Agent Appointed to Record
Their Tribal Songs.
WORK IS NOW UNDER WAY.
Government Has Been Working on
Policy For Several Years Composer
O'Hara Will Live on Reservations
and Get the Chants From Old Men
and Squaws Who Know Them AW.
Tho action of Secretary of tho In
terior Lane in appointing Goeffrey
O'Hara, a composer, instructor of
music under the bureau of Indian af
falrs means tho policy of tho govern
ment, inaugurated years ago to pre
serve the wonderful music of the
American Indiun, will bo continued.
Already much has been done in this
line. In fact, the first Indian music
to bo recorded nnd then played and
sung by Indian students was a featuro
of tho commencement week program
of tho Chilocco Indian school In north
ern Oklahoma in 1000.
At that time Professor Ilarold A.
Loring was United States supervisor
of Indian music, and it was under his
direction that Indian music was first
used at Chilocco and Carlisle In 1000.
8onjs For 8ohoole.
It will be Sir. O'llara's duty, it is
announced in connection with his ap
pointment, to rooord native Indian mu
sic and arrange It for uso in tho In
dian schools. Ho is to livo on the res
ervations, nnd. much of his work will
necessarily bo done, therefore, in Ok
lahoma, whero there are so many In
dian tribes now living.
In addition, too, there aro the rem
nants of many tribes once populous
and powerful living in Oklahoma
Delawares, Seuocos, Wyandottcs, Cad
dos, Waccos, Kaws, Shnwnoes, Mo
docs and various others.
Tho native music of tboso tribes Is
to bo preserved, so far na possible,
and, as a rule, it is absolutely neces
sary to get tho music from the old
men ami squaws of the tribes. Tho
younger generations do not know tbe
music in a groat many instances.
Tho use of native Indian music, as
arranged by Professor Loring at Chi
loeco and Carllslo in tho spring of 1000,
atttracted widespread attention, and
there wcro many calls foe copies of
tho music from all sections of the coun
try. In the Indian schools tho musk: was
sung by choirs of Indian young ufjp
nnd women, nntlve songs with band ac
companiment One of tho pieces arranged by Pro
fessor Loring and that attracted tho
most attention was tho "Canto Mnsl
ca," a Sioux Indian love song. It was
recorded from Indians on tho Rosebud
reservation, In South Dakota, by Pro
fessor Lorina and arranged for bands.
Demand Among Whites.
In speaking of hia lino of work he
said that whorover tho Indian students
interpreted their tribal songs before a
white audience they mot with instant
success, and since that tlmo there has
been a .strong demand for tho genuine
aboriginal music rather than for tho
many cheap imitations.
"Tho Indians nover sing their songs
in any form other than tho melody,"
said Mr. Loring, "yet tliero is little
doubt but that thoy Inwardly feel and
bear a harmonization as distinctly as
If it woro being sung. I have often
gone to tho piano in company with an
Indian and haw asked him to listen
attentively while I played one of the
songs of his tribe.
"First I would play tho melody only
and would ask him If that were right,
if It sounded satisfactory, and tho re
ply usually would bo In tho affirma
tive. Then I would play tho eamo mel
ody with a harmonization, and he
would generally say, It sounds right,
nnd yet it is queer; It la not Just com
plete.' M
MAY GROW RAINLESS WHEAT.
South African Expert Announces Im
portant Discovery.
Dr. Macdonnld of tho South African
department of agriculture declares that
It is now possible to grow a "rainless
wheat" that is to say, a crop upon
which no singlo drop of rain has fallen
between seed tlmo and harvest It
docs not maintain its existence with
out moisture, but all that is necessary
is obtalnod from tho deposit of a pre
vious Bed son in "moisture saving fal
lows." This would mean a great boon for
thoso arcaB whero tho rainfall i Is un
certain and irrigation for various rea
sons impossible.
TURKEY WILL EXPAND NAVY.
Two Dreadnoughts and Pour Cruisers
to Be BulK In England.
According to the London Daily Tele
graph, Turkey to contemplating tho ex
pansion of her navy. In addition to tho
Dreadnought now being built for tho
Ottoman navy by an English firm, two
Dreadnoughts and four cruisers will bo
ordered in England.
"Tho Turkish government" Bays tho
dispatch, "considers that In view of the
growth of the Austrian, Italian and
Ilusslan nuvios her first act, now that
the war is over, should bo to build up
a fleet capable of defondlng Turkish la
terests in tho Mediterranean."
Foster's Weather Bulletin
Copyrighted 1913 Bf W. T. FOSTER
Washington, D. C, Juno 14. Last
bulletin gavo forecasts of disturb
ance to cross continent June 10 to
14, warm wavo 9 to 13, cool wave 12
to 1G.
Next disturbance will reach Pacific
coast about June 15, cross Pacific
slope by close of 16, great central
valleys 17 to 19, eastern sections 20.
Warm wave will cross Pacific slope
about June 15, great central val
leys 17, eastern sections 19th. Cool
wave will cross Pacific slope about
18, great central valleys 20, eastern
sections 22.
As this disturbance approaches
from the west tho hot spell will con
tinue but a great drop in tempera
tures is expected to follow, bring
ing cooler weather and showers and
then generally quiet and cool weath
er for several days. Local drouths
will be broken in some places as tho
cool wavo comes in but many sec
tions will continue to be dry and
crops will suffer.
Another disturbance will reach Pa
cific coast about June 21, cross Pa
cific slope by close of 22, great cen
tral valleys 23 to 25, eastern sec
tions 2G. Warm wave will cross Pa
cific slope about June 21, great cen
tral valleys 23, eastern sections 25.
Cool wave will cross Pacific slope
about Juno 24, great central valleys
26, eastern sections 28.
Temperatures of this disturbance
will average about or allttle below
normal. Showers will occur in
many places but the rainfall will be
generally less than usual. No dan
gerous storms are expected. Fair
crop weather is expected in at least
half the grain sections but not suffi
cient rain in south half of the cotton
belt except a few heavy local rains.
Our severe storm period for last
part of May did not come up to ex
pectations Imt ' eastern Virginia got
more tlinn its share. A severe
storm wave crossed tho continent far
northward but storms were not se
vere in middle latitude. This was
our least successful forecast of se
vere storms for this year.
But look out for July. Two dan
gerous storm periods will occur in
that month centering on 6 and 27.
The forces are so complicated that
specific forecasts are difficult and de
structive storms may be expected
any day throughout July. If, by
giving these warnings, we could save
one life we would be well repaid for
taking the great responsibility of
predicting dangerous storms.
AVo regard July as one of tho most
dangerous storm months of tho year
nnd wo do not hesitate to give the
most urgent wnrnings to nil, particu
larly in the grent central valleys of
the middlo west, that very danger
ous storms will occur during next
month. Five storms aro expected to
cross the continent and everyone
should watch their movements care
fully. Destructive storms particu
larly tornadoes usually occur south
east of tho low or storm center and
in the warm wave. Tho dangerous
storms are expected to cross tho con
tinent July 4 to 8, 10 to 14, 10 to
23, 2! to 28 and 20 to August 2.
We will continue to give out warn
ings and descriptions of the expect
ed July dangerous storms.
If you advertise steadily results
will be sure to follow.
You'll Get
the Habit, Too.
Hp HERE are thousands of well dressed Men and Young Men
who buy all their Clothes here Men who demand quality
and correctness above everything. And they all come back
our friendship has been doubly strengthened because they can
not only get complete clothes-satisfaction, but also more for
their clothes-money than they can get anywhere else. You'll
get the habit, too, after you get your first suit here. Every sale
we make is meant to give you one hundred per cent, satisfaction
and no sale is complete or final until you're sure it's right.
Snappy English models "slim and trim" Nor
folks, Two and Three Button Single, in all styles
for Men and Young Men. We have plenty of
popular shepherd plaids, pin stripes, neat serges
and fancy mixtures made into beautifully-tailored
suits by SCHLOSS BROS. & CO. OF BALTI
MORE, and other quality makers. $10 to $25. .
There's -extra value a real saving of $2.50 to
$5 on our three popular-priced specials at
$15 $20 $25
SELECT YOUR BOY'S SPRING
CLOTHES and Haberdashery from the
largest- and most complete Boy's Depart
ment in town. All-wool- Two-pant Nor
folk Suits in Blue Serge and Fancy Mix
tures, $5 and $5.50. Juvenile, Russian
and Blouse Two-Pant Suits extra value
at $2 and $7.
Straw Hats in all the lat
est styles and prices at
"Tho Quality Store For
Men."
MAIN STREET,
f SNAPPY LITTLE BUSINESS STORIES. "1
Watch Tliis Spa
"Heart to Heart Talks About Advertising"
By Roy B. Simpson.
(Copyrighted 1911 by It. B. Simpson.)
Of all the articles you buy how
many are NOT advertised? The an
swer is, "Very few probably nono."
The following story will show why
tho majority of buyers insist upon
having only advertised goods of
merit.
A young man in one of the large
cities learned to make hominy. It
was tho old-fashioned kind the best
you ever tasted. He began to make
it to sell in pint glass Jars at fifteen
cents.
The young manufacturer first at
tempted to sell tho largest grocer in
the city and was rewarded by this
sound advice:
"Supposo I buy a dozen cases of
your hominy. It is a single transac
tion between two individuals, requir
ing only two minutes of my time.
"But the goods must bo moved and
there is no demand for your hominy.
I can't send my clerks to fifteen hun
dred customers or give ten minutes
to every customer in the store to
tell th,em about your hominy. Do
some advertising in tho daily news
papers create a demand and I will
give you an order."
This advice was accepted. The ad
vertising was started and within a
(Continued Tuesday.)
Read Every Talk-It's Worth While.
"New Way" Air-
NGINE
No Water to freeze. No pipes to burst.
No weather too cold.
No weather too hot.
Less Gasoline. More Power.
Have you seen our Reo delivery truck?
It's a dandy. Better look it over.
REO OVERLAND and FORD AUTOMOBILES.
No better cars made foe anywhere near the price. Place your
order right now.
Better times coming; help it along.
For sale at bargain prices: Auto Car Runabout, Liberty Brush
Runabout and Maxwell Runabout.
Get in tho swim and own n car.
E. W. Gammell
Piece Suits, at
regstein
Bros.
co Every Tuesday.
month fifty grocers were selling
"Crescent Hominy." People bought
It because its goodness had been ad
vertised. The leading grocer of Rockford,
111., declares that If he should eli
minate advertised brands and fill
his shelves with private brands and
other unadvertlsed goods he would
require three times as many clerks
to serve the same number of cus
tomers. Advertising has reduced the oper
ating expenses of the retailer and
this helps keep prices DOWN.
The retail business Is built on ad
vertising. The best sellers in every
lino are advertised continuously,
month after month. It is advertis
ing that puts the goods on tho
shelves, and again it is advertising
that moves the goods from the store
to the homo of tho customer.
You buy advertised goods because
you know what you aro getting. You
know that tho test of continuous ad
vertising is the best possible guaran
ty of the quality of the goods.
Advertising tells you whero to
buy what you want when you want
it.
Cooled Gasoline
v m T LB
If
11
THE BEST SELECTED AND MOST
COMPLETE LINE of FURNISHINGS
is ready' here for your Summer Outfitting.
Columbia Shirts, Knox Hats. Specials in
Underwear this week, thin Union and Two-
50c to $1.50.
On account of a back
ward season we will give
our customers a ten per
cent discount on all goods
purchased between now and
July 4,
HONESDALE. PA.