THE CITIZEN, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 22, 1913.
PAGE THREE
AN EYEWITNESS MIS j
hike of hie mas
I
Turkish Soldiers Unorganized,
I Unprepared and Llter-
ally Starving.
Dy ELLIS ASMMEAD nARTLETT In
Nw York Timet.
ON th low hills In front of Saklz
koj Abdullah Pasha and lib
staff took up their atntul on nn
nnclent mound fifty feet high.
Neither of the combatants scorned
anxious to renew the struggle, niul it
wns nearly 8 n. m. before tlie Hulgurl
nn artillery commenced a furious bom
bardment all along tho lino from Lule
Burgas to Knrngach.
Against this storm of shells the Turk
ish artillery could return but n feeble
reply, for not a scrap of fresh nmmuni
tloa had tiecn brought up during the
night, and those h.ittorles which still
possessed n few shells In eaissons were
loath to use them until the decisive mo
ment arrived.
It was a vtul sight to watch tho long
llnwi of Infantry ou the hills a milo to
our frout, the batteries of artillery and
lint-etfi tnatnu It-lurr hmiK nftnx lintif
tinder thU storm of shrapnel, unable to
reply, unnble to advance and unwilling
to retire Men and horses fell In scores,
and soon a dismal procession of wound
ed men, bleeding from feet, hands,
faces, shoulder- from anywhere where
a hurt wni not vital, came dribbling
hack past into the village of Saklzkoy.
Abdullah ordered Torgut Hhevket
Pasha, commander of the Second corps,
to attack the firing line nnd In cone
queue suffered enormous loss. Had
the Turkish commander In chief had n
fresh army corps in hand or had he
even possessed a spare division of in
fantry, some batteries of artillery or
even uiiiinumuim ior ins naileries n
is possible the attack of the Second
corps would have been crowned with
success, but as it was his troops were
already worn out and decimated.
. -vortheless the troops of Torgut
Slit -kef advanced bravely to the at
tack The firing line was formed near
ly half a mile long and swept forward
over the open ground until it Ix-eamo
almot hidden from view amid the low
shrubbery.
For a short time It really seemed to
us spectators as If the advance would
be successful, for the Infantry pressed
steadily, and only the enemy's artillery
opjiosed the onrushing Turks, but sud
denly the deafening roar of musketry
rent the air. Intermingled with the
tragic hum of machine guns.
Tlie noise was infernal, but lasted
for only a short time, when suddenly
there appeared, rushing from the wood
ed ground, the remnant of tho Turkish
firing line. Fully 50 per cent had fall
en, and the remainder, losing all sem
blance of order, dispersed In small
groups and under a perfect rain of
shrapnel dashed back on to the sup
ports and reserves.
Lines Seemed to Melt Away.
Even here their flight did not end.
In spite of the effortB of the officers
the fugitives pressed on to the rear un
til they reached safety behind the
ground on which we were standing.
lue supports and reserves of the bro
ken firing line were hurried to the
front Thoy, too, reached the edge of
the wooded trrounri vhum thr
met in turn liv um-h hn ,.r .i,Mi
uuu uuuviB uiai mo imes seemed It-
HMI n ni.U ...
i....... lu iutru uhuv to noininir nnilor
tile wltherlne )i)nf
While this desperate struggle was
HllllTflHjlT, Yl'f ,wr, 1 .1.,, .
a series of equally desperate attacks
nn Ai,lr,l!nt. 1 . ..
i.uuunuu a uiL wintr nnn t.i. sx-.n
, . r, ...... m v irw
ier. -i.no orunt or inia nttnnir r.,n
uie weaKenea Fourth mma t..i,ii, .i...
iviuie gun new us lnirench
mentfl on the hills fadng Lulo Ilurgas.
iiere again the Turkish defense wns
cruined by the immense- superiority of
mo enemy s artillery nre. Horn nmin
the old story was repeated of Turkish
uuuenes unaino in ninv n,,,. ,..
uie uanic iroin irk- nr nmmnnitu.
Turks In Despair.
Throughout tho day the Bulgarian
'i fl VU Ynt nrnilnnt 41., .
UC)U.M.3k ,UJ( JU. jnaue
steady iiroKroeB. Having gained pos-
k . . . "4V'
........... .a.u VU1 Ul llll J JJ)
ri fnrrn If tn. cAtUn mi.. . ;
Sail Pashas cavalry to stem tho nd-
Ulilil IS III
vunce proved utter v futllo tiiv i..
jrn nuu to give way before tlie tor-
Utile rain of shells and the gradual
u. .t, uiuilhil-iii, iiu me retire-
.... . -
visjuil- iu Auummii l-nsua and his staff
through the clouds of smoke thrown
irvip f Fir lrf wini nf inn nf,n-
rfy 2 o'clock In the afternoon the
I'uaiuuu uj auuuiiuii b army M'ns crlt-
(nil I r, t . .1 . .... . .. , , ,
- I " - i .M., i,.iu nil. h""HL'
of the staff wero nil turned toward thu
northeast, In tho direction of VIza,
lurijuuuo uuuua iu uuiiii 1111. .iimNn i.
f,vio tjtiu utiitcu rviiit iiuws UIQ Jiail-
tiinurl lliuiifnp wna ilHvlm, ,..r.n
him, that the enemy was becoming
iteudlly demoralized In his front nnd
. i . i . i i . ... ..
uiai uo uupeti iu uuiuu up w mo renei
af the Second corps.
In the course of the afternoon tills
newn i pmnnrnrllv rn!.e1 hn Rrilrltu nf
T
In Pathetic Flight to Chorlu, I
Wounded Lay Down by
Roadside to Die.
the general staff, nnd for hours nil our
glasses and all our hopes were Used on
tho Third corps. About H o'elock this
engagoment to tho northeast became
furious.
In tho whole course of the battle 1
never llstonod to such urtlllery lire as
that which arose from the contact of
the Third corps with tlie enemy.
Mnhmoud Mukhtur. not having been
engaged tho previous day, was able to
employ his artillery to good advantage
and to meet the Ilulgarian guns on
more equal terms, but even here, In
spite of its previous exertions and vast
expendituro of ammunition, the Bul
garian artillery soon gained the upper
hnnd.
Last Hope Fails.
Even the heroic efforts of Mnh
moud's hitherto unbeaten Infantry
could not drive back the enemy, who
fought with unparalleled determina
tion and ferocity, absolutely throwing
away their lives In tho Japanese man
ner whenever n uoint had to be won or
held. About 3 o'clock In the afternoon J
11 iiecame onvious mat Manmouu
I'hoto by American Press Association.
3TJLGARIAN OFFICER WATCHINQ SHELL FIRE FROM OBSER
VATION PILLAR.
Mukhtar's advance had been complete
ly checked. The smoke of his guns
no longer stendlly approached the right
Hank of the Second army corps rath
er, It seemed to recede, as If he were
being slowly driven back.
At about 6:30 p. m. Abdullah Pnshn
and his staff, seeing that the game
was up, left the mound on which they
had stood all day nnd returned to the
village of Saklzkoy.
I took a final glance around the field
of battle, everywhere It wns obvious
that the grand army of Thraco had
boen beaten and was In full retreat or
else barely holding Its ground.
I rode over to tho ground where the
Second corps had been fighting through
out tho day. Dead and wounded lit
tered tho soil In every direction, nnd
the sun-Ivors sat around with a hope
less, listless look on their faces, nil
fully realizing that tlie battle was lost
During the day my Turkish compan
ion, Ismed, nnd myself had been too
busy following tho vutiotiB phases of
the stupendous combat to realize our
uwn plight, but now that It had come
to an end reaction from tlie Intense
excitement speedily set In, nud the
pangs of hunger brought home to us a
realization of our own position. Dur
ing the entire day we had not hud a
morsel of food or anything to drink
except dirty wnter.
Wo wore lntcusely woary and with
only one equally ttred old horse be
tween us. The general had told us In
tho morning that wo could pass the
night acuta with tho staff, but on ar
riving ouco ngaln In Saklzkoy we
found only Abdullah's servant This
man told us he bad received orders to
ack up Abdullah's baggage nnd to bo
ready to leave at uny moment
No Food to Be Had.
This was tho final straw, nnd Ismed
and myself both felt on tho verge of
despair. Wo asked the servant if he
could obtain us nny food, but ho only
replied: "Thcro la nono to bo had. The
only thine aiy master tins had to eat
all day has been toasted meaUo fob."
I sat down on a chair, and Ismed did
llkcwlne, both too npnthetlc to care
what happened and both too weary to
move another yard. I remember nn
endless proresslou of wounded men
passing through tlie village, some drag
ging themselves ulong, others carried
on improvised stretchers, others sup
porting ono nnotlier, others falling to
the ground as soon an they saw u pile
of liny on which to throw themselves.
I also recollect seeing some desicratc
cases brought up to a surgeon, who
wns gesticulating wildly and explain
ing, lsuied told me, that it was useloRa
bringing them to him, as he had no
bandages, no medicine and no menus
of performing nny operation.
Yet throughout all these horrid
scenes I never heard even n groan or a
reproach escape from the sufferers.
Kach seemed to realize that his num
ber was up and accepted bin hard lot
with superb dignity nnd fortitude.
It now remains for me to describe
tho last tragic day in the breakup of
Abdullah Pasha's army, how Iroops
who had fncod every ndverse condition
and fought heroically throughout three
days tlnully gnve way under the strain
of starvation nnd exposure and each
mnn, only thinking of his own salva
tion, sought safety in (light.
At 5 a. m. on Thursday, Oct. 31. I
wns aroused by Ismed slinking me.
These were tho words he whispered in
my ear, not wishing to disturb other
weary sleepers in the tent: "Come out
side quickly. We can stay here no
longer. Abdullah and his staff have
left The village has been evacuated.
At nny minute the Bulgarians may en
ter." I lost not n moment, but aroused
the camp and set every one nt work
packing a wagon nnd hnrnessing the
horses.
Just as dawn was breaking the rnt
tie of musketry from the hills outside
the village from which I had watched
tho fight of the previous day showed
that the Bulgarians were already ad
vancinj.
By 6 o'clock we were packed and on
the march, nnd just as we cleared the
village the enemy's guns roared.
The Flight to Chorlu.
Then we found ourselves amid a
crowd of stragglers and wounded, ox
wagons, stray batteries of artillery
nnd all the manifold debris of n de
feated army.
The scenes on the road bnflle descrip
tion from my pen. They recalled tc
mind afylcture I hnd seen somewhere
of the flight of the French nrmy nftet
Waterloo, or one of Napoleon's rp treat
from Itussln.
Thousands of wounded made pathetic
efforts to keep up with their comrades,
but each had to shift for himself, ns
not eren the unwounded were In a
condition to lend a helping hand.
Many of the unwounded were so weak
that they fell by the roadside and made
no further effort to save themselves.
For three days all these men had
been without a morsel of food and
many for even n longer period.
The further wo receded from tho but
tlefleld the worse the sccno became,
because many of the wounded, having
dragged themselves thus far, could go
no further and, crawling off the track,
lay down to die by tho roadside with
out u curse or n reproach at the nu
thors of all their miseries.
Amid these thousands of fugitive
remnants of three nrmy corps, hardly
an officer remained,
Along every road men, horsos, guns
und ox wagons wero pressing forward,
nil converging on to two roads which
lead Into Chorlu. There must have
been -15,000 stragglerB scattered over
the plain, till bent on reaching the
town before nightfall. Muny became so
exhausted from want of food that they
simply could not go any further und
luy down to sleep where Uiey were.
What became of them I do not know.
COLUMBIA GETS
DEAD RAGE RELICS
University Has Figures Made by
People Antedating Aztecs.
UNEARTHED If! RIVER BED,
Crude Objects With "Millinery" Found
Far Under Mounds of Younger Na
tion Almost a Thousand Pieces In
the Collection.
Holies of the oldest civilization on
the American continent have been
placed in Columbia university, New
York. The exhibition consists of bro
ken figures and fragments of pottery
which were found by the International
School or Aichueology and Ethnology
In Mexico i lly in the course of research
In the Valley of Mexico. The collec
tion is made up of almost 1.000 pieces
or ! lllustri.tes !':e sequence of cultural
types In the vnl'cy of Mexico as work
ed nut iie Mhiig nnd during the Az
tei s' iifciipntion uf the valley.
Professor t rrnz Boas of the depart
ment of anthropology at Columbia be
lieves the excavations of the school
have turned up specimens used by
primitive copies and practically all
of the putteij is well advanced. Many
of the heads nf the figures are covered
with wonderful hats and headdresses,
some of whli h have their counterpart
iu millinery of today. As a rule, the
figures are very small and have been
rolled by the water of a river long
since buried.
The heads found in this river bottom
were made by hand. Eyes and orna
ments of the body consist of little pel
lets of clay added to the figure Itself.
Clothing, too, was stuck on the figure
in the same way and remains only iu
fragments. Most of the figures bear
evidence of having been painted.
That considerable time has elapsed
since the depositing of the layers on
the old river bed is made evident by
the fact of the collection of twenty
six feet of surface soil and conditions
are such it H almost certain tlie geog
raphy and topography of the country
In and around what is now Mexico
City have changed very considerably.
Report on the Discoveries,
This In part Is a report which the
Archaeological school has made in ref
erence to the discoveries:
The bottom of the valley Is composed of
a thick layrr of decomposed tufa, which
Is much urcil for making firebricks and
pun dried bricks. Scattered over the surface-
are found lnrgo and small mounds,
nil of which contain archaeological re
i&ilnv. They are ucncrally erected over a
lloor of a few layers of pebbles. All these
and the surrounding surface soil contain
remains characteristic of the Aztec peri
od. It is evident, therefore, that the.e
mounds were erected by the Aztecs and
that they lived In the valley of Mexico
during the period when the surface layer
of the poll was deposited.
PeecendinK farther down, tho remains
bcome a III tie less frequent, but they re
tain the same character until a depth of a
little over tuinty feet from the surface
hai been reached. In tho hard decom
posed tufa of tills layer human bones are
found every now and then, but no com
plete skeletons. In ono place a large stone
slab way encountered which covered tlie
remains of a deer.
At a depth of twenty-one fret the char
acter of the soil changes quite suddenly
In place of tho decomposed tufa we Und
con gravel arranged In such a way as
to show that a river used to How here.
The thlckniis of the river deposits Is
about seven feet. All tho remains found
In this layer nave been rolled by water.
Th type which they represent is quite
different from the type of tho preceding
stratum. The pottery Is thick, and, al
though a largo number of heads are found
hero also, they are much ruder and show
a different technique.
MARRIAGE KEEPS MEN SANE.
Government Report Shows That Bach
elors Become Demented More Easily.
Insanity seizes tlie bachelor with
greater ease than the benedict, despite
tho worry tr married man Is supposed
to undergo, according to tlie report of
the Government Hospital Kor the In
sane, submltteed to Walter L. Fisher,
secretary of the Interior. Another fact
stated in the report is that of almost
.'1,000 patients In the Institution only
three are being treated for Insanity
brought on by tlie use of alcohol. That
Is contrary to tlie generally accepted
theory which attributes to alcoholism
n large proportion of lunatics.
It also Is stated that there Is a far
greater proportion of foreign insane
patients than American und that most
of the foreigners are Oermutis.
That Insanity In 11 lurge measure Is
hereditary Is indicated by the state
ment that the asylum scientists have
discovered a family In West Virginia
whose history has been traced buck
through 07r Individuals, of whom fifty
four were defective mentally.
SEND IN YOUR OLD TEXTBOOK
Relics of the Little Red Schoolhouse
Wanted For Government Collection.
Aged, musty textbooks, no matter
how begrimed or dilapidated, are want
ed by tho United States bureau of edu
cation. The bureau has Issued an ap
peal to thoso who may have some rel
ics from the days of tho little red
schoolhouse nnd who might bo induced
to part with their keepsakes.
Tlie Intention is to make a collection
of rare textbooks nnd to add to the ex
isting pedagogic library which the bu
reau hopes to build up until It is the
best equipped nuthorlty of its kind in
the English speaking world.
THE NEW MODELS FOR
AUTUMN 1912
Date
Styles
and
Glottis
W, v.y.m
mm
if
Menner & Co's Department
KEYSTONE BLOCK
THE OKEAT UAI.V SCE.VE FIIOM
THE IYIUC, Tl ESDAV, NOV.
The Ideal
of the RStatRs nf innr minnr nil
iui mo jiuiitumu unu vviug iiiyuor
ment and re investment of the princi
pal and accrued Income -The Scranton Trust Co
51(1 Spruce Street.
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O. T. CHAMBERS,
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