THE CITIZEN, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1912.
PAGE THREE
OF THE
SULTAN 0!
Nicholas of Montenegro Has
Been In Power For Fifty
two Years.
K
I KG NICHOLAS of Montenegro
has been ruling for tlio Inst
fifty-two yenrs, although ho
lias enjoyed the title only
since Aug. 28, 1010. He ncceled to tho
head of tho government lu 1S0O, follow
ing the denth of his uncle, Dnnllo, who
had been shot by n Monteucsrin whom
he hud exiled.
For just forty years of his reign ho
was known simply as Prince Nicholas.
In 1000 ho assumed tho tltlo of "royal
highness" and ten years later a de
cree announced that he was thereafter
to be king.
Shortly after the accession of Nich
olas an insurrection broke out In Her
zegovina, and the sympathy which tho
mountaineers dlspluyed with their
Christian kinsmen led to tho country's
rupture with Turkey. The war re
sulted disastrously for the young ruler
and severe terms were iinoosed on tho
principality by the convention of Scu
tari. During the fourteen years of peace
which followed the country suffered
greatly from pestilence and famine.
Within this period the prince carried
on a series of reforms. He reorgan
ized and rearmed his army, initiated
an educational system and granted a
constitution under which he surrender
ed various prerogatives to tho senate.
In 1S09 the Krivoshlnns rose against
the Austrian government, and the
prince had his hands full preventing
his subjects from going to the aid of
their neighbors to the north.
In 1S7C Prince Nicholas formed an
alliance with Prince Milan of Servla
and declared war against Turkey. He
led nn army into Herzegovina and cap
tured Medun. The Servian army suf
fered heavy reverses during the cam
paign, and nn armistice was arranged
in November of that year.
During tho following year the deter
mination of Russia to take the Held
against Turkey encouraged Nicholas to
renew hostilities against the Ottoman
arms. The prince captured Nikshitch,
Autlvnrl and Dulelgno. He also recov
ered the seaboard which had belonged
to Montenegro during tho middle agos.
With the exception of some troubles
on the frontier Nicholas has enjoyed
a peaceful reign since 18S0. He has
been rated as an autocratic ruler, but
the country has ndvanced materially
in prosperity during his reign.
The marriage of Princess nelen,
daughter of Nicholas, to King Victor
Emmanuel of Italy in 1S90 led to an
increase of Italian influence in Mon
tenegro. The King of Greece.
George I . king of tho Greeks, was
born in 1S4S. He is the second son
of King Christian of Denmark. Fol
lowing the expulsion of King Otho In
18G2 the Greek nation elected the Brit
ish Prince Alfred, duke of Edinburgh,
to the vacant throne, and when ho
refused the proffered honor they re
quested Great Britain to namo a can
didate. The British government chose
Trlnce Christian William Ferdinand
Adolphus Georgo of Schleswlg-nol-Bteln-Sonderburg-Glucksburg,
whose
election as king of the Hellenes with
the title George I. was recognized by
tho powers in June, 1803.
A few months before the accession
of tho new ruler his sister, Princess
Alexandra, had married tho Prince of
Wales, afterward King Edward VII.
of England, and Ids father succeeded
to the crown of Denmark during the
following November.
Upon his accession Georgo signed an
act resigning his right to tho throne of
Denmark in favor of his younger
brother, Prince Waldemar. He was a
A NEW AGE OF ICE COMING.
Professor Schmidt Thinks We May
Soon Be Busy Keeping Warm.
"I have no doubt that we are now
In an lntcrglaclal period similar to
those which havo already existed and
in the future the human raco will havo
n nsn nn its L'nnw w pn in cnoiner
fight for its life against tho encroach
ing ice," said Professor Nathaniel
Schmidt of tho history department at
Cornell.
Speaking of the ice age, he added;
"I wish to call attention to tho recent
discoveries in Switzerland of four dis
tinct periods of glaclatlon and to the
fact that Professor Wlnchell of Min
nesota has been able to produce defi
nite proofs that Kansas has gone
through the same four periods. This
is important becnuso it proves tho con
temporaneousness of tho glacial ago In
lth hemispheres."
American Trade Benefited,
American trado has been much bene
flted by a recent law in Uruguay ex
empting from Import duties agricul
tural Implements and repair parts.
Gas Stoves In Great Britain,
In 1S91 thero were only 40,000 gas
stoves in use in Great Britain. In 1011
tho number was 1,191,000.
Sweden' Butter Exports.
Sweden exported last year $12,000,000
worth of butter.
RULERS
ALLIED STATES
WHOM THEY WAR
Mohammed Effcndi Was
Placed on the Tlyone by
the Young Turks.
popular ruler from the first. Ho adopt
ed as tho motto of his rslgn, "My
strength Is tho love of my people,"
and ho lias ruled in strict accordance
with constitutional principles.
King Georgo was married on Oct. 27,
1S07, to the Grand Duchess Olga Con
stantlnovna of rtussla. The queon has
becomo distinguished in Grocer- for
her activity on behalf of charitable ob
jects. Their children were Prlnco Con
stantlue, duke of Sparta; Prince George,
Prlnco Nicholas. Prlnco Andrew, Prince
Christopher id Princess Marie.
Leopold of Bulgaria.
Ma.xmllllau Karl Leopold XIarla. Fer
dinand, king of Bulgaria, was born
Feb. 2l. LS01. and ascended tho throne
In 1.SS7. For twcl'e years he ruled
under the title of prince, but in 1890
the grand subrayno confirmed the title
of royal highness to Ferdinand and
his heir. Four years ago he proclaim
ed the Independence of Bulgaria aud
took the title of king.
Ferdinand was carefully educated In
his youth. Ho early exhibited a taste
for natural history and is now rated
ae a scholar In this branch of learning.
In 1870 he took a trip to Uracil, and
the results of hU botanical discoveries
In that country were published in 1S83
and wldoly circulated.
He was kerviuc as a lieutenant of
the Auetrlun humors when he was, by
unanimous vote of the national assem
bly, choion as prince to succeed Prince
Alexander, who had abdicated on Sept.
7, 1SS7. For awhile the young ruler
was kept busy putting down revolu
tions, but the porto nnd the great pow
ers continued hU election in 1800.
The prince was married on April 20,
1S93, to Marie Louise de Bourbon, eld
est daughter of Duke Robert of Par
ma. Ferdiuund had adhered to tho
Roman Catholic faith, but his son and
heir, the young Prince Boris, was re
ceived Into the Orthodox Greek church
in ISOfi.
In 100S Ferdinand was married to
Eleanor, a princess of the house of
lleuss.
The accession of Peter Karageorge
vlch as king of Servla followed tho
assassination of King Alexander and
Queen Draga in June, 1003. The new
ruler was selected by the regicides.
Immediately after he had assumed
the throne Peter called tho senate and
skupshtiua nnd had the constitution of
1SS9 restored.
Peter Karageorgevlch.
King Peter was bom in 184-1. He is
the sou of Alexander Karageorgevlch.
He was married in 1S83 to Princess
Zorka, daughter of King Nicholas of
Montenegro. At first the authority of
the new king was merely nominal, ne
was guided In his every official action
by the men who hnd slain hia prede
cessor. At his coronation In September, 1004,
all tho powers, except Great Britain,
were officially represented. England
resumed diplomatic relations with tho
country they had been broken off with
the assassination of Alexander In
1000.
Peter has had trouble -with Turkey
tho better part of his reign.
The Sultan of Turkey.
Mohammed Reshad Effcndi became
sultan of Turkey In April, 1000, suc
ceeding his brother, Abdul Hamid IL,
who was deposed by the national as
sembly through the Influence of the
Young Turks. The deposed ruler was
sent to Salonikl.
On Aug. 5, 1000, the new sultiin is
sued an Imperial lrade proclaiming a
new constitution. Many reforms were
mado in the system of government
through his orders.
&' .Q
WATER IN CANAL JULY 1 NEXT.
Dredges to Be Put to Work In Culebra
Cut.
Tho Culebra cut of the Panama ca
nal will bo filled with water on July 1,
1013, according to an official announce
ment from Colonel Gocthals received
by the isthmian canal commission In
Washington. As soon aB tho water is let
into tho cut a ladder dredgo is to be
brought from tho Pacific side to clean
up any earth which may fall Into the
excavation from the slides along the
cut. Tho dredgo will also remove the
dlko at Gamboa. Thia wall of enrth is
now tho only obstaclo which prevents
tho rising waters In tho great artificial
lako formed by tho Gatuu dam from
pouring Into the canal.
Next spring when all tho work on
tho locks haB been completed tho artifi
cial luko will bo filled to tho elghty
flvo foot level, which will be tho main
level for the passage of ships through
tho canal.
Steamers Have Oil Burner.
Nearly all tho steamers of tho Cana
dian Pacific railway coast fleet havo
been equipped as oil burners nnd aro
proving satisfactory, both as to econ
omy and power.
Wireless on Harbor Tugs.
Tho Dover (England) harbor board's
flotilla of tugs has been fitted with
wireless telegraphy Installations, with
a range of 100 miles.
EXCESS OF MEN IN
THE UNITED STATES.
Census Uhows 106 Males to 100 Fe
malesDue toExtonsive Immigration.
The population of tho United Stntes
(exclusive of Alaska, Hawaii, Porto
It! co aud other noncontiguous posses
lions) comprised lu 1010, according to
(lie Inst federal census, 47,:t.T2,277 males
nnd M.G.'IO.OSO females, or 100 male
to every 100 females. In 1000 there
were 101.4 males to overy 100 fcmnlcs.
These figures are contained In n state
ment Issued by Director Durand of the
bureau of the census, department of
commerce nnd labor, and are based
upon n tabulation prepared under tho
direction of William C. Hunt, chief
statistician for population In the cen
sus bureau. The figures arc prelimi
nary and subject to revision.
Tlie excess of males In the United
States Is mainly due to the extensive
immigration, a much larger proportion
of the lmmlgrautM being males than
female. In the foreign born whlto
population there are 120.2 males to 100
females. But the native white popu
lation nlso has a slight excess of males,
the ratio being 102.7 to 100.
lu the negro population the males
ate outnumbered by females in n ratio
of tis.0 to UXi. Among the Chinese lu
this country males outnumber females
by more than 14 to 1, nnd among tho
Japanese by about 7 to 1. The In
dians show a small excess of males.
103.5 to 100 females.
The preponderance of males in the
aggregate population of the United
States is most marked In the Pacific
and mountain divisions (far western
states), with ratios in 1010 of, respec
tively, 120.5 nnd 127.0 mnles to 100
females. The proportion of mnles is
lowest in New England, this being the
only geographic division lu which
there Is a slight excess of females over
males. There are only five states In
which females outnumber males,
namely, Massachusetts, Rhode Island,
Maryland. North Carolina and South
Carolina.
Of the fifty cities having over 100,000
inhabitants there nre twenty-eight In
which the males outnumber the fe
males. In thirty-nine of the cities the
proportion of males was greater In
1010 than in 1000, nnd in eleven It was
less. The number of males per 100
females was greatest In Seattle (130.2)
and only slightly less In Portland, Ore.
(134. B). Nashville shows tho smallest
proportion of males, with a ratio of
80.6 to 100 females. Of tho eight
cities having fiOO.OOO or more inhabit
ants, Baltimore has tho lowest number
of males per 100 females (02.4), and
Cleveland the highest (100.0), but the
ratio is almost as high In Chicago,
where there are 10G.3 males to 100 fe
males. New York city's population Is
'almost evenly divided by sex; in Phil
adelphia the females outnumber the
males.
PRINTS PARCELS POST MAPS
United States Geological Survey Gets
the Postoffice Department Contract.
Postmaster General Hitchcock has
awarded the contract for printing 125,
000 parcels post maps of the United
States to the geological survey, which
submitted the lowest bid. Mr. nitch
cock la thus nble to take advantage of
tho resources of the government to fur
nlsh these mnps and rely thoroughly
upon their accuracy.
The parcels post system must be in
operation on Jan. 1. Mr. Hitchcock
announced that tho maps will be In
tho hands of the postmasters Iouk be
fore that time.
On tho maps the whole area of the
United States Is divided into quadran
gles, measuring thirty minutes on each
Bide. These quadrangles aro known
as units of nrea. In the lower left
hand corner of tho map will appear a
table of rates and brief Instructions
for its use.
HIS NEPHEW'S STEPFATHER.
Harknets Is Soon to Marry His Broth
er's Widow.
Harry IS. Harkncse of Altooua, Pa.,
soon 'will become his nephew's step
father. Harkness, who is fifty-three,
nnd has been n widower for two years,
is to marry his brother's widow, Mrs.
Elizabeth nnrkness, fifty-three, of
Philadelphia.
At the same time that Mrs. Harkness
marries, her son, Gehring Harkness,
will marry Maud C. Walton of Phila
delphia, who was divorced last July.
Suppose Gehring Harkness has chit
dren. What relation -will they be to
their futher's uncle and stepfather?
A WOMAN COMPTROLLER.
Miss Bessie H. Townsend Appointed
to That Office In Atlantic City.
The appointment of Miss liessle n
Townseud ns city comptroller is an
nounccd by tho city commission of At
lantic City, N. J. Sho has been book
keeper in the ofllco for several years
and will bo tho first woman, so far as
known, to hold tho position of city
comptroller in this country.
Miss Townsend succeeds City Comp
troller Barrett, who, with tho city so
licitor, Wootton, was removed from
office.
Turkey's Care of Injured.
Thero Is no Red Cross society in tho
Ottoman omplro, but thero Is the Otto
ninn ited Crescent society, which
serves thy samo purpose. Shortly bo
foro tho Ilusso-Turklsh war In 1877
the Red Crescent society was started
and took good care of tho sick and In
jured In that war, as well as in wars
that followed.
nutmt:mOTntutiui:mmnmmmtnim.
I WHEN THERE
IS ILLNESS
in your fnniily you of course cnll
a reliable physicinn. Don't atop
nt that; have hia prescriptions
put up at n reliable pharmacy,
even if it is n little farther from
your home than some other store.
You can find no more reliable
store than ours. It would be im
possible for more care to be taken
in the selection of drugs, etc., or
in tho compounding. Preecrip
tiona brought here, either night
or day, will bo promptly and
accurately compounded by o
competent registered pharmacist
and tliu prices will be. moat rea
sonable. O. T. CHAMBERS,
PHARMACIST,
0i. D. .t II. Station, HoNKfliuLr. Pa.
u::::n:::::nin:j:
RttmcumtnmtHSimstsmmmmmt
MARTIN CAUFIELD I
i
Designer and Man- $
ufacturer of a
ARTISTIC
MEMORIALS
H Office and Works;
I 1036 MAIN ST.
I HONESDALE, PA.
otmmniit::uus:t:t::n::tnnre:mtt
DMINISTRATOR'S NOTICE.
Estate of Fletcher Gilpin, M. D., late
of Sterling, deceased.
All persons indebted to said estate
are notified to make immediate pay
ment to the undersigned, and those
having claims against tho said es
tate aro notified to present tho
duly attested for settlement.
Mrs. Llbblo Gilpin, executrix of the
estate of Fletcher Gilpin, M. D., by
Frlena B. Gilpin, attorney.
118 North Ave., West, Cranford,
N. J., Aug. 28. 1012. 70eolG.
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THE NEW MODELS FOR
AUTUMN 1912
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