THE CITIZEN, FRIDAY, AUGUST 9, 1912.
PAGE THREE
NEW EMPEROR OF
JAPAN IS HE!
Brought Up Under influence of
Western Civilization.
HE IS THIRTY-THREE YEARS OLD
Married His Cousin In 1900, and They
Have Three Childron Yoshihito Is
the One Hundred and Twenty-third
Male Successor to Throne.
Yoshihito Ilnrunomly.i, the one hun
dred and twenty-third male successor
to the impcrlnl throne of Japan, was
born on Aug. 31, 1S70. On his eighth
birthday ho was nominated as heir
apparent. He Is the third son of
Princess Yanlgawnra, one of the eight
princesses of noble blood who became
members of the household of Mutsti
hlto wlicn It wnR seen that no heir
was to lo expected of Princess 11a
ruko, his wife and empress. The two
cider brothers of Yoshihito died soon
after birth.
On being nominated heir apparent
Yoshihito received the decoration of
the Grand Order of Merit and a com
mission as a colonel In the Imperial
royal guards. His education was se
cured at the school for members of
the Imperial family at Tokyo and com
prised modern training as well as that
of the old Japanese studies. Ho
ppeaks English. French nnd German,
lie Is fond of outdoor exercise, partic
ularly horseback riding, and Is said to
bo affable In conversation.
In 1000 ho married Trlncess Sada,
his cousin, a daughter of Prince Kujo.
Iler family Is one of the oldest In the
empire and Is easily trnced back to
C50 A. D. They have three children,
the Princes Mlchi, Atsu nnd Tcru. The
first named Is now the heir apparent,
nnd he Is the flrst son to have been
born either to an empress or crown
princess In many generations.
Yoshihito has been a lieutenant gen
eral In the army and n vice admiral '
In the navy. Ills upbringing has been
through the most notable time In the
history of Jnpan, and tho Influence of
Lis father's enlightened policy toward
tho developments of his kingdom nnd
his attitude toward western Ideas may
bo presumed not to have been lost
upon the young man.
lie is said to display a desire to
maintain so jnuch of ancient traditions
ns to not Interfere with that progress
which he sees his country must ac
complish If It is to retain its position
In the forefront of nations.
WOEK OFTHECAI
MEN BEFORE MUTSUHIT0.
They Prepared the Way For the Late
Mikado Martyrs to Reform.
With tho death of Mikado Mutsuhlto
the occidental mind turns to modern
Jnpan, among whoso builders Mutsu
hlto played so prominent a part with
the efforts put forth during the forty
five years of his reign to raise his
country to tho level of tho great na
tions of tho world- Mutsuhlto was but
a few months old when Commodore
Perry anchored his squadron In the
bay of Yeddo nnd by forcing a com
mercial treaty upon tho unwilling Jap
anese opened tho way for tho modern
izing of a divided people whom feudal
ism was crushing with its unprogres
Bivcness. Fourteen years after Commodore
Perry's visit, when Mutsuhlto, the Son
of tho Heavens, was crowned, Japan
etlll had no railways, no telegraph sys
tem, no manufacturing plants, no navy,
no system of education, no partici
pation by the pcoplo in tho govern
ment of the country. Tho boy emper
or began his reign with a declaration,
made of his own free will, that ho
would create a deliberative assembly,
that he would guarantee personal free
dom to all his subjects, that existing
evil customs would bo abolished and
that a now Bystom, based on tho study
of the experience of other nations,
would bo inaugurated. All tho pro
visions of Uiis magna charta of tho
rights and privileges of tho Japanese
people were In time carried out, and
they formed tho foundation for tho
continued advancement of tho country
In government, commerco and educa
tion. But before tlvo accession of Mutsu
hlto others had advocated tho intro
duction of reforms into Japan If tho
country wero to hold Its own In the
orient Among tho men "who may bo
called the "builders of modern Japan"
were Prince Tokugawa, the last of tho
shoguns, who counseled his followers
to unite with tho southern clans after
setting them an examplo by resigning
his position: Sakuma Shozan, tho first
Japaneso to ndopt European costume,
who advocated tho employment of Eu
ropean Instructors In all branches of
study; FuJIta Toko, who taught doc
trines of loyalty to tho real sovereign
nnd constant preparation for national
defense, and Yoshlda Torajiro, a mar
tyr to reform, whoso unfortunate but
fruitful career appealed so much to
Robert Louis Stevenson that ho made
It known to tho Occident through one
of his essays.
Greatest Ocean Depth,
Until recently tho greatest ocean
depth known was located south of the
island of Guam 0,035 meters. A few
months ago tho German imperial ship
Planet found a depth of 0,780 meters
forty miles north of the island of Mindanao.
Corps of Ten Investigators
Determines Who Shall
Be Rewarded.
"WyUEN is a hero not a hero?
LW What Is tho difference be
f y tweeu an SO per cent lwro
and a hero 100 ior cent jmre?
To decide tbwo and many similar iik
tlons, says IInrier'n Weekly, Is the
solo occupation of n selected, well paid
group of men wlw jo up and down tlio
land seeking whom they may reward
for bravery and determining when tliey
have found tlioin jiwt what percentage
of heroism they have shown.
These hero hunters nro tlw agents of
the Carnegie hero fund commission.
Yearly they investigate a tlxwsand
clnlms of herolBin. It Is tMr buslnetw
to sift tho evidence, for in tlio eyes
of a hero hunter no man is n hero until
he is provod so.
How thoroughly Ire'iloos his winnow
ing may be judged from tho fact thnt
out of 7,081 claims Investigated only
583 claimant about one In thirteen
liave boon adjudged sutllclently heroic
to merit a reward. Of tills number only
thirteen were awarded tho gold medal
for slmou pure heroism. Nearly half
of the 5S3 received silver medals ami
tho rest bronze. With those medals In
many cases went awards of money.
By no means, however, Is tills dis
tinction to bo taken as casting any
doubt upon the heroic qualities of tlio
deeds rewarded. It simply means that
those deeds that wero rewnrded by
silver or bronze medals did not con
form fully to the 1ko fund commis
sion's understanding of n full fledged
hero, for In attempting to reward hero
Ism the commission had flrst to define
heroism.
A Hero Defined.
According to tlx; standards of tho
Carnegie commission, a hero Is one
who aetunlly Jeopardizes his life to
save nnotlier and who does It regard
less of the consequences to himself.
Many rescues arc made that involve
little danger to the rescuer. Such a
rescuer in tlw eyes of the commission
is not a hero. Some men attempt res
cues in tho face of what appears to lo
certain death. Such men are horoes.
But to be n hero a man must risk his
life voluntarily. "Professional heroes"
are barred from recognition. If a man
does something heroic In tlio courso of
his duty Ivo Is not. according to the
Carnegie standard, a liero at all. Thus
policemen, firemen, life guards and
others who are employed "to safeguard
life arc never lieroos if they save life
when pursuing their regular vocation,
but If ono of them saves a life "on the
side," as it wero, when it Is not in tlio
line of his duty, ho may or may not be
a hero.
For instance, n fireman who rescues
n person from a burning building is
never a hero, no matter 1kw brave ho
may hnvo been, no has merely done
his duty. But n fireman who plunges
overboard and saves a drowning per
son may or may not bo a hero. It de
pends upon the degreo of danger en
countered and tlio nmount of risk In
curred. And it Is to determine tlioe
fine points that tho hero fund com
mission maintains its staff of boro
hunters.
Notices Pour In.
Notices of heroic deeds pour in to
tho commission by the thousand. Some
times disinterested spectators who wit
ness a bravo deed write about it, more
frequently friends of the hero send in
the news, and sometimes, alas, a
hero himself forwards information of
his prowesH. Newspaper editors, school
teachers and clergymen are among the
most frequent of tlio commissions in
formants. Seldom indeed does any
piece of bravery go unreported.
For news of such items tho commis
sion depends upon the services of a
newspaper clipping bureau, so that it
is a rare occurrence when the com
mission fails to loam of a daring deed.
Two classes of recommondutlons are
alwnys looked upon with suspicion
first, recommendations accompanied by
affidavits, which indicate that the
would bo hero or his friends are try
ing to bolster up n weak case, and,
second, cases reported by clergymen,
because clergymen are given to over
estimating courageous nets.
To every person who reports n case
the commission Bends a blank to bo
filled out and returned. Tills blank
nsks for minute details, mimes of wit
nesses, etc. Often theso blanks nre
not returned, and thus many undeserv
ing cases are at once eliminated. In
every case in which tho blnnks nre
returned properly filled out tlw matter
Is followed up. Often many letters
are written to make sure Uiat tho caso
is of sufficient importance to warrant
detailing nn investigator to it. When
tho clerical forco at tho Pittsburgh of
flco has thus sifted the claims as far
as possible tho documents In tho caso
aro turned over to tho Investigators,
tho hero hunters.
Ten Hero Hunters.
Theso are ten In number. Their
qualifications aro peculiar. Tho hero
hunter must bo a good interviewer,
no must bo a keen Judgo of people.
Ho must bo something of a detective.
Ho must know how to get evidenco
and how to sift It Abovo all, he must
have good Judgment. IIo must bo
young and energetic. And, since tho
About One In Thirteen Is the
Percentage of Meritori
ous uases.
Job entails months of travel yearly,
unmarried men nro preferred. No
wliere ciw are there to lie found men
fx well equipped for tlio task of hero
hunting ns on Uk staffs of kirgo city
newspapers. So It happens that every
ono of the Carnegie hero hunters Is a
newspaper graduate.
The leglniier as a rule receives $100
n month nnd nil his traveling expenses.
After lie has acquired experience Ills
salary is raised to $125 a mouth, with
excuses. Further advances depend
upon tU man himself ami tlio qnallty
of his work.
In his suit case tlw hero hunter car
ries all the documents collected by the
commission about tlw cases lie Is to
Investigate. Upon reaching n town
where lie Is to make nn Investigation
lve registers at a hotel, keeping his
business secret. His first step Is to
make a thorough study of the papers
In tho case In question.
His next Is to interview tins person
who reiort(d the caw. Then tlio wit
nesses are examined, and lastly the
principal Is seen. An experienced in
vestigator quickly scents n case that
amounts to nothing, and lie ns quick
ly gets to the bottom of It and drops
It. But on n genuine, case lie spends
anywhere from two or three days to
as many months.
Having concluded his work, tlw In
vestigator sends to tlw commission n
detailed report Illustrated with photo
graphs, for a iwrtablo typewriter and
a camera nro a part of tlio outfit of
every hero hunter. In his report ho
must tell tlw name, age, address and
occupation of tlw rescuer, together
with similar facts as to tlw person res
cued. Ho must state tlw time, place
and circumstances of tlw rescue, even
to weather conditions, and, In case of
a rescue from drowning, tlw stage of
tlw tide.
Information Must Be Accurate.
He must give a description of tlw ac
cident, together with statements from
tlw rescuer, the rescued and tho wlt
nesfHM. He must also state tlw reputa
tion of the witnesses for veracity. Es
pecially must he learn and state fully
the financial condition of tlw rescuer,
his alms nnd ambitions nnd the condi
tion of his family. Theso latter facts
are noccHsnry because It is tlw purposo
of tlw commission to help heroes along'
in life or to give financial assistance
to those who were dependent upon a
hero that may literally have given his
life for another, for not all tlw he
roes rewarded aro living Iwroes.
To muke a proper award tho commis
sion must have very accurate Infor
mation as to both tlio hero's hopes nnd
habits. For instance, an lntempcrato
miner at groat risk saves a comrade
from being crushed to death. To give
such a man a large cash award would
be worse than useless. Ho would sim
ply go on a protracted spree and squan
der tho entire sum. But if tho man
were sober and steady and had built
a house on which ho was carrying a
mortgage the commission might pay off
the mortgage. An ambitious youth
who has shown bravery may receive a
fund for an education. A girl hero
may bo given a musical training, or a
sufferer from disease may be pent
where ho can be curod or at least
troated.
Sometimes an Investigation hinges
on some seemingly unimportant detail.
For instanco, there was a case of a
young man who wns reported to liavo
made a hazardous rescue on tlw sea
coast. It seemed to be a genuine one.
Tlw would be liero showed tho inves
tigator tlw spot and described how ho
mado tho rescue on such and such a
date. It was a stormy day, ho said,
and with a lilgh tide at C p. in., when
the deod was done, tlw water was ten
feet deep around the Jagged rocks.
Fake Exposed.
But wlten tlw Investigator had con
sulted tide and weather charts for
that particular locality lw discovered
that tlw day In question was serene
and that tlio tide" was at ebb at 0
p. in., leaving only three feet at those
particular rocks. Confronted with
tlwso facte, tlw "hero" crumpled up,
admitted the attempt at deception and
begged not to xs prosecuted.
Such cases nro not uncommon. A
man wades out up to his knees nnd
drags another person to tho shore.
Witnesses see them struggling on tho
bench and forthwith, as expected,
write to tlw commission. There aro
other sort of fake heroes too. In one
of tho eastern cities a great flro en-
fdangered scores of lives. Wlicn tho
howspnper reporters reached tho sceno
they found nn elevator runner from
tlio burning building wlw told of per
ilous trips up and down through smoke
and flume to carry people out of dan
ger. Tlio story was printed, and later
an application was mado to tho Car
noglo commission to recognize this ele
vator man. An Investigator soon found
that tlio story waB falso.
Although burning buildings tlguro
frequently In tho deeds Investigated
by tho Carnegie hero hunters, dangers
of every other kind Imaginable hnvo
been faced by tho wearers of Carnegio
medals. But most of tho Carnegie
heroes have rescued some ono from
drowning.
SEALED PROPOSALS.
Scaled Proposals will bo rccolved
by tho trustees of tho Stnto Hospi
tal for tho Criminal InBano nt Far
view, Pa., for tho following Items:
Ono team of horses, ono two-ton
wagon, ono sot of liarness combs,
brushes, nottlng, 75 bushels ot oats,
2. tons of hny, ono plow, ono harrow,
and other farm implements, ono
stono crushor, engine, screens, bins
nnd roller. Detailed Information
may ho received on application to
tho Superintendent, Dr. Fltzslm
mons. All proposals must bo In tho
hands of tho Trustees not later than
August 21, 1012, tho Trustees re
sorvlng tho right to reject any or all
bids.
WALTER McNICHOLS,
Chairman.
Buildings nnd Grounds Committee.
Cltf.
NOTICE OF INCOHPOltATION.
In Ho Incorporation of the Meth
odist Episcopal Parsonugo Associa
tion of Equlnunk, Pa., in tho Court
of Common "Pleas of Wayno county.
Notice Is hereby given that an appli
cation will bo made to tho said
Court, or a law Judgo thereof on
tho 12th day of August A. D. 1912, at
2 o'clock p. m. under tho Act of As
sembly of the Commonwealth of
Pennyslvanla, entitled an act to pro
vldo for tho incorporation and regu
lation of certain corporations ap
proved tho 29th day of April A. D.
1874, and the supplements thereto
for a charter of an Intended corpora
tion to bo called tho Methodist Epis
copal Parsonage Association of
Equlnunk, Pa. Tho character and
object of which Is to secure and
maintain a parsonage for the uso of
the Minister of tho Methodist Epls
clpal Charge of Equlnunk, Wayne
County, Pennsylvania, and for these
purposes to have, possess and enjoy
all the rights, benefits and privileges
afforded by said acts and its supple
ments. The proposed charter Is now
on illo In the Prothonotary's office
of said Court.
M. E. SIMONS,
Solicitor.
Ilonesdale, Pa., July 1C, 1912.
58eoi 3.
JOSEPH N. WELCH
Fire
Insurance
The OLDEST Fire Insurance
Agency in Wayne County.
Office: Second floor Masonic Build
ing, over C. C. Jadwln's drug store,
Ilonesdale.
ABSOLUTE SECURITY.
Wayne County
Savings Bank
HONESDALE, PA.,
1871 41 YEARS OF SUCCESS 1912
BECAUSE we have been transacting a SUCCESSFUL
banking business CONTINUOUSLY since 1871
and are prepared and qualified to rendorVALU
ABLE SERVICE to our customers.
BECAUSE of our HONORABLE RECORD for FORTY
ONE years.
BECAUSE of SECURITY guaranteed by our LARGE
CAPITAL and SURPLUS of $550,000 00.
BECAUSE of our TOTAL ASSETS of $3,('00,000.00.
BECAUSE GOOD MANAGEMENT has made us the
LEADING FINANCIAL INSTITUTION of
Wayno county.
BECAUSE of these reasons we confidently ask you to
become a depositor.
COURTEOUS treatment to all CUSTOMERS
whether their account is LARGE or SMALL.
INTEREST allowed from the FIRST of ANY
MONTH on Deposits made on or before the
TENTH of the month.
OFFICERS :
W. B. HOLMES, PRESIDENT. II. S. SALMON, Casliicr.
HON. A. T. SEARLE, Vice-President. W. J. WARD, Asst. Cashier
T. B. CLARK.
E. W. GAMMELL
W. F. SUYDAM,
DIRECTORS :
H. J. CONGER.
W. B. HOLMES,
C. J. SMITH.
H. S. SALMON.
J. W. FARLEY,
F. P. KIMBLE,
A. T. SEARLE,
THE DELAWARE & HUDSON CO.
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ON
FARE
SATURDAY, AUG. 10
For the
Entire Trip
CHILDREN. $3.00
Good going on all trains Friday Aug. 10th, and returning on
any regular train to and including August I9th. Good for stop-off
at Albany or north thereof, including landings on Lake George.
Special train will leave Wilkes-Barro at 7:00 a. m.; Scran
ton, at 7:45 a. m.; Carbondale at 8:30 a. m.; stopping at
intermediate stations.
Apply to Delaware & Hudson Ticket Agent for specific
information.