THE CITIZEN, FRIDAY, AUGUST 2, 191 2.
PAGE THREE
WHAT THIS KXGlXKIiltS WANT
I). A. Worthington, tho ndvocnto
of tho railroads, to-day presented ex
hibits In tho caso of tho arbitration
proceedings now being hold at tho
Oriental Hotel, Manhattan Ucach,
by which tho railroads endeavored
to prove their contention that the
engineers' wages are full, falr'and
liberal, and thnt thoro has been no
marked Increased responsibility and
risk In their work In the past fow
years.
Some sixty-odd exhibits were sub
mitted today by Mr. Worthington.
The most Important of these concern
alleged Increase In size of engines,
tho ago of engineers, engineers' fa
tality statistics, and tho average
speed of freight and passenger trains
from October, 190G, to Octobor,
1911.
Ono of the railroads' exhibits
shows that only about two per cent,
of tho locomotives in servico are
thoso which have been termed by
the engineers "heavy." They weigh
eoino 17S.000 to 4C1.000 pounds.
This statement of the railroads led
to some discussion as to the train
load, in which Mr. Morrissey, one of
tho Commission, said that tho rail
roads get a greater return for the
servico of the engineer on the largo
engine. Mr. Wlllard, President of
tho Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, and
a member of the Commission, said In
this connection:
"Should not you, If you take Into
account tho tendency of the engines
to Increase, should not you keep
In mind tho fact that there Is a
higher rate established for the
heavier engines! As Mr. Worthing
ton has stated, tho engineer does
not run tho larger englno at the same
rate at which he runs tho smaller
one. It might be thought, for In
stance, while the engines have In
creased in size, the engineers have
received a steady, stationary rate.
That, of course, Is not true, because
the heavier engines carry a higher
rate on the majority of the roads."
Mr. Worthington endeavored to
explain how the railroads had at
tempted to make their economies
to meet tho increases in operating
expenses. This followed a question
from Commissioner Judson, who
said:
"I suppose this tendency to get
larger engines is greater on roads
that havo the larger grades?" to
which Mr. Worthington replied:
"The tendency of the rate struc
ture has not been upward by any
means. Tho expenses incident to
full crew bills has added largely, as
we havo by one of our exhibits, to
the expenses of the railroads. The
safety appliance laws to which the
railroads take no exception we
agree that they arc good and sound,
for the benefit of the public, and are
very wise; but they have added very
largely to our expenses. Tho in
creases In wages of all classes of
employes which we have had to
meet have increased very largely,
and the railroads on the other hand
havo had but ono flexible factor with
which to meet this situation. The
wage question was absolutely in
flexible; there was no chance for
any economics there, in tho reduc
tion of wages. Tho prices of ma
terial and supplies have been of a
somewhat upward tendency. Tho
full crew bills must to met, and the
safety appliance laws must be taken
care of, and tho only flexible factor
that tho railroads could find was to
promote higher efficiency in tho op
eration of the plant, and about the
only war and about tho most suc
cessful way that that could ho done
was to move tho tonnage In larger
train units; therefore tho railroads,
regardless of their wishes In tho
matter, have been forced to adopt
the larger locomotives. It has somo
with modern practice and It has re
sulted In good to all sides."
In concluding his remarks on tho
railroads' exhibit on the number of
locomotives in service and tho
weight of the same, Mr. Worthing
ton pointed to tho fact that tho ex
hibit showed that only twelve per
cent, of the total number of loco
motives in servico on tho fifty-two
Eastern railroads are of the heavier
type, that is, thoso weighing over
200,000 pounds.
As a reason why an Increase In
compensation should not bo granted
to tho engineers who had given as
one Teason for raising pay tho al
leged increase in speed of trains
the railroads introduced an exhibit
showing tho averago speed of pas
senger and freight trains in tho
month of October for tho years
1905 and 1911. This showed that
tho averago speed had been very
slightly Increased, only a fraction
of a. mile on most of tho roads, and
in somo cases a small decrease.
Mr. wortnington introduced ono
exhibit to show tho length of ser
vico of the engineers as engineers.
this indicated mat tno averago
length of service at the present
time is 12.4 years.
During tho discussion of tho
question of the slxteen-hour law,
Mr .Morrissey asKed Mr. Worthing'
ton If It was not Intended, In rating
tho slow freight service, to secure
from tho engine and trainmen,
hour for hour, tho 6ervlco for which
the company pays, for each trip
Mr Worthington said:
' I do not believe, that in any en
glno rating system, any railroad has
ever considered tho factor of pay to
tho englno or train crow. If thoy
nave over, I havo never Known It
Wo aim to mako tho schedules so
that we can got tho freight over tho
road on schedulo time, and a schod
ulo usually runs, on freight trains
of that character, from 10 to 12
miles, but in tho movement of ton
nago over a railroad, tho delays aro
Influenced largely by tho density of
traffic, and they do not always got
over in tho schedulo time. When
they do not tho railroad pays over
time to tho train crow, but I bcllovo
I can say honestly that no railroad,
In fixing a locomotive rating has
over figured on getting all of tho
work It possibly could out of Its
men. I do not think thoy over think
of that. I know I never did. How
It works out In practice, of course, I
cannot say, but In through freight
servico wo do usually got full time,
although on many roads, they -will
got over In 7 to 8 hours for ton
hours work, and on other roads, thoy
won't got over In less than 12
hours, sometimes 14 hours; but I
don't bellovo any railroad aaB ever
considered that factor that you speak
of with tho Idea of gotting hour for
hour out of the men."
Following this Mr. Worthington
Introduced n number of exhibits to
show tho comparison In pay of con
ductors, firemen and tralnmon, with
tho wages of tho engineers. In sub
mitting tho table Mr. Worthington
said: "Tho object of that tablo Is
three-fold:
"1. Mr. Stone has mado tho claim
thnt the wages of tho engineers havo
not been Increased in tho same ratio
as other classes of service Tho
table shows clearly that the engin
eers havo gone right along, and
shows about the saiuo Incrcaso from
time to tlmo as tho conductors, and,
In most enscs, a higher ratio of In
crease than other classes of service.
"2. This tablo clearly indicates
that tho locomotive engineer Is tho
highest paid skilled workman In tho
railroad service.
"3. If It should bo decided that
notwithstanding tho fact that tho
engineer Is tho highest paid skilled
workman, that he Is entitled to
greater compensation than he Is now
receiving, it would bo difficult to sat
isfy the other employees In other
grades of service who receive much
less compensation, that they are not
entitled to a proportionate Increase."
Tho Commissioners, together with
tho railroads' witness, Indulged In
considerable discussion as to tho dif
ference In the pay of railroad em
ployes In the Western and Southern
groups, as compared with tho East
ern group.
17 COUNTIES ASIC FOK STATE AID
Harrisburg, July 29, Forty-seven
of tho counties of Pennsylvania
have asked for State aid in the con
struction of roads aggregating al
most 740 miles in length In less
than a year, and as rapidly as es
timates can be made and tho approv
al by county commissioners and lo
cal authorities given to these esti
mates, the State Highway Depart
ment will take the steps necessary
to award contracts. Many of the
applications for the assistance of tho
commonwealth on a basis of one-half
the cost, as provided by the Sproul
law of 1911, havo not been followed
up by officials in the districts pro
posed to be improved, with tho re
sult that work of bettering high
ways has been retarded.
Tho provisions of the act of 1911
aro similar to thoso of previous
good roads laws, except that where
boroughs or townships unite with
counties In asking for state aid
they are to receive but fifty per cent.
Instead of seventy-five per cent, of
the cost. The State aid feature of
the earlier laws was retained In the
Sproul law, which, however, Is best
known because of Its provision for a
system of main state highways. In
other words, the means of obtaining
State aid in construction of roads is
In force as much to-day as it was
five years ago, only tho terms have
changed. Where applications have
been mado for construction of
roads on the basis of one-half of the
cost to be paid by tho State tho en
gineers of the State Highway de
partment mako estimates which are
then forwarded to local authorities
for their information and approval
before bids aro asked for construc
tion.
Westmoreland leads the forty-
seven counties asking for Stato aid
In tho mileage of roads covered ap
plications, tho total In 1G petitions
being 400,120 feet. Beaver county
leads in number of applications
mado for Improvement of its high
ways and is second to Westmoreland
In mileage, Its figures being 26 ap
plications covering 340,172 miles
The standing of other counties Is as
follows: Bucks, 20 applications,
238,380 feet; Mayette 21, 210,247;
Butler, 14, 209,480 and Greeno 14,
207,425. It will thus bo seen that
western counties havo taken front
rank In tho movement for bettor
roads. Following aro tho figures
for tho other counties, tho number
of applications being first given and
then tho total length In feet:
Adams, 2 15,178.
Allegheny, 5 38,980.
Armstrong, 8 98,000.
Berks, 4 43,580.
Bradford, 7 90.C30.
Blair, 4 120,200.
Cambria, C 47,277.
Carbon, 1 10,500.
Center, 1 5,500.
Chester, 17 199,330.
Clarion, 3 59,900.
Clearfield, 404,840.
Clinton, 3 20,411.
Columbia, 14,235.
Crawford, 1 17,000.
Cumberland, 3 49,800.
Dauphin, 5 78,205.
Delaware, 9 109,540.
Elk, C 93,135.
Erie, 4 42,200.
Forest. 1 1,100.
Franklin, 5 03,004.
Indiana, 2 35,415.
Jefferson, 9 121,G23r
Lancaster, 5 C9'377.
Lawrence, 9 78,733.
Lebanon, C 47,732.
Luzerne, 2 21,940.
MeKean, 2 52.437.
Mercer, 1C 170, COO.
Mifflin, 1 10,000.
Monroe, 4 24,935.
Montgomery, 12 94,020.
Northumberland, 3 10,212.
Potter, 2 24,840.
Somerset, 4 17,510.
Susquehanna, 4 18,000.
Tioga, 1 18,480.
Warren, 1 17,751.
Washington, 12 163,430.
Wayne, 1 0,000.
Tho total numbor of applications
is over 300 and it is expected thnt
by tho end of tho year this numbor
will bo materially increased. Tho
proposition of Stato aid In road
building is being bettor understood
and tho Improvement of such roads
will supply important Connections
to tho Stnte's main highway system
and also link up sections already
constructed.
Under tho proposed issue of $50,
000,000 of bonds for Improvement
of highways State aid work -will bo
facilitated, as It Is recognized that
thin Is destined to crcato a system of
roads through communities not
touched by main highways. Tho
constitutional amondmont providing
ror tno bona issuo was passed for
tho first time by tho legislature of
1911 and tho men now tunning for
tno legislature of 1913 -win voto
upon It for tho second tlmo, this
action being necessary before it goes
to tho poopfo for ratification.
Tho bond Issue will put Pennsyl
vania In tho very front rank of
Statos which aro bettering their
roads and provldo means for tho do
volopmont of smnllor highways ns
well as thoso designated as main
routes. Tho plan Is to lssuo tho
bonds as needed so thnt tho cost of
Interest and sinking fund will bo
distributed over a period of years.
Tho fixed charges will vary accord
ing to the issuo of bonds, and ns
Pennsylvania lovlcs no Stnto land
tax the rural communities will bo
tho greatest beneficiaries without
bearing tho cost.
HOW
AMERICANS
AUK SWINDLED.
One hundred and twenty million
dollars was filched from tho Ameri
can peoplo during tho last fiscal year
by swindlers who operated iargoiy
through tho United States mails, ac
cording to a statement just made In
a formal report to Postmaster Gen
eral Hitchcock. This was an In
crease of approximately $50,000,000
In tho aggregate of tho previous
year.
Of thoso who arc alleged to have
operated tho fraudulent schemes
1003 were arrested by postofllcc In
spectors. They Included persons In
all walks of life, merchants and me
chanics, politicians and professional
men, paupers and millionaires.
During the year, which ended
Juno 30 last, 452 persons were con
victed and sentenced and 571 caso3
are awaiting final disposition.
'Postmaster General Hitchcock's
order to inspectors to collect ovl
donco that would warrant criminal
prosecution of tho swindlers gradu
ally Is building a wall of protection
ngalnst such frauds around tho
American people. Before that the
punishment was only a fraud order
forbidding the delivery of mall to
such operators, who worried but lit
tle. They merely changed their
names, addresses and tltlo of their
'businesses," continued their opera
tions until another fraud order
caught up with them.
Tho report that these fraud mani
pulators who usually exploit bogus
mines, fake remedies and worthless
ands, constitute a distinct class of
law-breakers. Among the wealthy
offenders who have been caught by
tno inspectors, according to the Post
master General's report, aro crimin
als who have posed as respectable
citizens, leaders In their communi
ties and personages in the highest
social and business circles. Some
of them are millionaires, enriched by
their plunder. Some of these men
aro now serving prison sentences.
tnko advantage of them in anything,
Nearly all of them do their best to
help us out whenover tho innrkct Is 1
ovorsuppllcd with stuff we have. 1
Wo try to havo our stuff clean
nnd attractive, carried In a clean
wngon, which wo freshen up by
painting occasionally. While our
team is not fnncy, yet our horses
are well fed and substantial looking.
My brother drosses as a business
mnn would on such trips, wearing a
clean Ouster, also sleovo protectors
whllo unlondlng.
Our methods of marketing havo
created a demand for our stuff
among tho consumers, many times
almost obliging tho retailers to get
our goods. Tho storekeepers often
ask whero such and such of our
stuff Is going to be unloaded, so they
will know whero to go to get It.
Working up a reputation, ns I have
mentioned, pays, not only In mak
ing a ready demand for tho goods,
but also In prices received. Wo of
ten got nearly doublo tho regular
market price. New England Homestead,
I mn
H 1 1 I 1
1 1 1 111111 11 1 1
I" A m
PLANNING FOU TOMATO CHOP.
(By I). W. Hull.)
Although we are not tomato spec
ialists, yet we have grown tomatoes
for market to a greater or less ex
tent for years. Our soil Is not of
that warm, sandy nature so Import
ant for growing early tomatoes, so
we just grow main crop varieties,
preferring Matchless and Imperial.
Tho seed Is sown in flats during
March In our greenhouses. Before
tho plants crowd they aro set In oth
er flats, perhaps putting about 20
to the square foot. When they get
too largo for this, wo transnlant
them to tho benches from which cel
ery or cabbage plants have been
taken. At this time It Is a good
plan to put them in paper - pots,
which aro set in the benches. They
aro placed about 4 or 5 inches apart
at this tlmo.
Our weather will hardly let us set
tho plants In tho field much before
Juno 1. Rows are marked out 5
feet apart, or by stretching binder
twlno lines. Then holes aro dug
with a hoe. Tho boles aro mado
Jong instead of deep, so tho plants
aro laid down lengthwise of tho
rows, so the cultivator will not tear
tho roots out. Tho reason -wo lay
them down this -way Is that tho root
may not be down too deeply in the
harder, colder, and perhaps, poorer
soil, yet have most of tho stalk cov
ered with soil.
If tho stalk is covered so only
about one-third of top Is out, wind
cannot whip tho plants around and
break them when first set. Then
roots will start out along tho cov
ered staiK. ono of the greatest ad
vantages Is getting rid of most of
tno leaves, so evaporation is check
ed just that much. It Is Important
mat a tomato plant be keDt from
evaporating its juico when just set
and boforo roots aro established well
enough to furnish tho normal
amount of moisture to tho nlant.
Wo can readily cut half or moro of
tho top off any of tho cabbage fam
ily, lettuce, boots, celery or trees.
but tho centre bud of a tomato plant
is too near tho top to do this easily,
so burying serves tho same purpose.
Tneso long noies tvo cover with a
hoe, and press tho soil over the roots
with tho feet, then put some loose
dirt over last, so as to act as a
mulch.
Fertilizing anil CuItirntinR.
Because tho growth should be
mado quickly, so they can havo as
long a season of fruiting before frost
ns possible, tho soil should bo well
supplied with phosphoric acid and
potash, also a fair amount of nitro
gen. This season we plan to fertilize
with about 700 pounds of 14 per
cent, dissolved rock, 300 murlato
of potash, and 150 nitrate of Eoda
to the acre.
Soraetlmos tho plants aro tied to a
slnglo stake. This mothod has tho
advantage of holding tho fruit off
of tho ground. Too ranch water
would crowd somo of tho needed air
out .of tho soil. Tomatoes havo a
tondency to crack if a good rain fol
lows a drough, perhaps bocauso tho
pulp of tho fruit grows too fast.
If tho plants aro supplied as well
as possible with molsturo all tho
tlmo tho growth will not Jump so
after a rain, but will bo rather fast
and uniform all tho tlmo.
As wo havo excollont succoss In
marketing, I feol that I might say
something of profit In regnrd to our
mothods. My brother has chargo of
all this, and has won tho confidence
of all our custoraors by bolng abso
lutely honost and straightforward
In all of his dealings. Our patrons
know thoy can trust him as to
quantity, quality and uniformity,
also condition of tho market and
prices. Thoy feel that ho Is their
friend, that ho will always help
them every way ho can, and never.
GLYCERINE.
May be put to Innumerable uses In
the household.
It Is especially useful for laundry
purposes. Try putting two table
spoons of pure glycerine In tho wa
ter in which soiled blankets or nny
other all-wool fabrics are to bo Im
mersed. It Is also useful In tho washboller
when tho clothes aro boiled, two
tablcspoonsfuls being a sufficient
quantity to each boiler.
It Is said to make tables and floors
white when used In scrubbing and
makes the water soft, having a bene
ficial effect on tho hands as well In
doing this work.
Shoes which havo becomo wet will
not harden if a little glycerine is
rubbed Into them after they are dry.
In making Jelly or preserves one
tablespoonful of glycerine to each
pound of fruit will prevent a sugary
coat forming on top, nnd it is con
sidered an Improvement to add a
little glycerine to any fruit which Is
stewed.
JOSEPH N. WELCH
r ire
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SATURDAY, AUG. 10
For the
Entire Trip
CHILDREN, $3.00
Good going on all trains Friday Aug. 10th, and returning on
any regular train to and including August 19th. Good for stop-off
at Albany or north thereof, including landings on Lake George.
Special train will leave Wilkes-Barre at 7:00 a. m.; Scran
ton, at 7:45 a. m.; Carbondale at 8:30 a. m.; stopping at
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