THE CITIZEN, FRIDAY, JULY 19, 1912.
PAGE THREE
HISTORY OF
LORIMER CASE
Investigation Began In Illinois
Two Years Ago.
TRANSFERRED TO SENATE.
Inquiry by That Body Was Upon Re
quest of the Accused Senator Him
self Taft's Name Was Brought In.
Roosavelfa Part.
The Investigation of tho Lorlmer
scamlnl, which resulted In the unseat
ing of Senntur William Loriiner by the
United States sennte, began first in
Illinois, which Mr. Lorhner on Mny 20,
UK ill, was chosen to represent State
Attorney Wayman began In Chicago
on Mny 1, 1010, an Investigation of
certain bribery charges In connection
with the election of Senator Loriiner.
The most Important charges were made
by Representative Charles A. White,
who declared that he got 1,000 from
Lee O'Neill Browne to vote for Lari
mer. His alleged confession was pub
lished In a Chicago1 newspaper and at
tracted widespread notice.
Additional evidence came to Attor
ney Wayman'B hands In the shupe of
confessions of bribe taking to vote for
Lorlmcr from Representative II. J. C.
Beckmeyer of Carlyle and Michael
Link, Democratic representative from
Mitchell. It was also said that the
district attorney obtained an allegation
that it cost $2i:n.OO0 to elect Lorlmcr
to the senate, of which the ringleaders
got $.10,000 and individual memltcrs of
the legislature the remainder.
The evidence in the Investigation Into
Lorlmer's election, together with one or
two Indictments for bribery and per
jury, were referred by an "association
of Illinois voter" to the United States
senate. Lorlmer himself requested that
his colleagues investigate the charges
and the senate committee on privileges
nnd elections was authorized to go to
the bottom of the matter. The sub
committee who undertook the investi
gation consisted of four Republicans
Burrows of Michigan, Dillingham of
Vermont, Gamble of South Dakota and
Heyburn of Idaho and three Demo
crats Frazler of Tennessee, Paynter
of Kentucky and Johnston of Alabama.
Senator Burrows was made chairman
of the committee.
Report Cleared Him. .
The report of the subcommittee made
to the smate on Dec. 22, 1910, cleared
Lorlmer of the charges of bribery and
corruption. It was signed by nil the
Republican members of the committee
except Se'untor Iioverldgo and by all
the Democratic members except Sen
ator Frazler. Senator Beveridge Im
mediately presented n minority report
from the committee of privileges and
elections holding that at least seven
and possibly ten votes In the Illinois
legislature were tainted with corrup
tion. Senator Beveridge and Senator
Owen of Oklahoma also presented a
resolution declaring that Lorlmer's seat
in the senate was Invalid.
The 6econd Investigation of the Lorl
mer scandal was ordered by the sen
ate on June 1, 1911, every senator In
the chamber voting for the reopening
of the case. The resolution of the
minority leader, Senator Martin, pro
viding for an Investigation by the com
mittee on privileges nnd elections was
adopted as a substitute for a proposi
tion made by Senator La Follette cre
ating to conduct the investigation a
special committee made up entirely of
new members who had not previously
passed on the Lorlmcr charges.
President Taft's name was brought
into tho case on June 29, 1011, when
Edwnrd Mines of Chicago, president of
the nines Lumljer company, told the
senate that the president through Nel
son W. Aldrlch, then senator from
Ithodo Iulnnil, had favored Lorlmer's
candidacy undShad practically forced
the election on .Lorlmcr. A vehement
denial of nines' statements was issued
from Ue White nouso on the evening
of Juno 29.
Roosevelt's Connection.
Ex-I'resldent Koosevelt's connection
with the case legan on Sept 8, 1010,
when he angrily refused to attend a
dinner at the Ilnmllton club in Chi
cago to which Senator Lorlmer hod
been invited. Lorlmer was ndvised not
to show up nt the dinner, nnd Roose
velt in his siKwh Unit evening told
why ho had delivered so quick an ulti
matum in regard to his attendance nt
tho dinner. Moro legal honesty is not
enough in public oOlce, tlioex-presldeut
declared.
Lorlmer answered Colonel Roose
velt's Hiiub by resigning fromfttbe
nnmilton club the day after tho din
ner. On July 1, 1012, when Lorlmer
was in the midst of hla personal de
fense leforo the senate, lm attacked
Roosevelt, who had liecn speaking
against him throughout tl country,
nnd presented throe nfildavlts from
southern delegates to tho Chicago con
vention charging that Roosevelt's peo
ple triod to briljo them to voto for tho
i-olonol nt ClUcngo.
It was thought that when Vice Pres.
Mont James S. Sherman went to Chi
cago on May 25, 1012, with tho avowed
purioso of obtaining Irliner,s resig
nation tho Investigation would bo
brought tp a satisfactory close. Tho
vico president refused to comment qa
tho sultfeet of his visit when ho re
turned to Washington on tho 20th, Uiffl
thero appeared to bo no doubt In ffip
minds of tho senators that the mission
had failed.
The National
Party Is
Its First Convention Will Be
Held In Chicago on
Aug. 5.
By JAMES A. EDGEUTON.
THE long expected third party Is
here, nnd Roosevelt is its proph
et. The newspapers call it the
"Bull Moose" party, and the pol
iticians call it names not lit to print.
Anyway, it is in the ring nnd will have
to bo reckoned with by all concerned.
Guesses as to the numler of votes it
will poll range all the way from a few
thousand to as many millions, the num
ber varying with tho political complex
ion of the guesser. Somo assert that
it will not can." a single state, while
others are Just as certain that it will
sweep most of the great Republican
states of the north and west aud may
even break into the solid south. All
we know for sure is that it will hold a
national convention in Chicago on Aug.
5, that it will nomluate Colonel Roose
velt for president and that it will be
called the Progressive party. As for
the rest. It is on tho knees of tho gods,
whatever the knees of tho gods may
have to do with politics.
The first national gathering of the
Progressive party will be a mass con
vention In which each state will be
entitled to ns many votes ns It has sen
ators nnd representatives in congress,
the territories being deprived of rep
resentation. In other words, the con
vention will have exactly the same
number of votes as the electoral col
lege, or less than half the quota of
either old party convention. Yet each
state may have a number of delegates
in excess of this number, as many, in
fai-t, as the state itself may provide
and can get to attend.
What does the move mean? Is it to
be only n temporary disturbance, a
hash in the pan, or is it to be the be
ginning of n new departure in Amori
can political history?
Its Coming Predicted.
The writer Is especially Interested in
this move because more than a year
ago in the Review of Reviews he pre
dicted the formation of a national pro
gressive party this year. Colonel Roose
velt was not then a candidate, nor did
it seem probable that ho would be.
The injection of his personality into
the situation has changed matters In
some degree, although the principles
remnin the Kama At the time I wrote
this article It was my belief tliat the
members of tho new progressive party
would come from both of the old par
ties. The nomination of Woodrow Wil
son has In some degree satisfied pro
gressive Democrats, so that ns large
an Influx from that parti' may not be
expected as would have gone over
under other conditions.
These ore only minor variations,
however. The great fact Is that the
new party has come, and in mnch the
same way that it has been apparent
to close political students for some
time that it must come. However we
look at It the conclusion is forced
npon us that its effects will lte tre
mendous. Even though they never
succeeded nationally some of the third
parties hnvo changed political history
No one man or group of men can or
ganize n new party. Like poets, par
ties are born and pot made. They are
liorn from great Impulses of public
opinion. They nro the result of mate
rial conditions and of human psychol
ogy. One of the mysterious facts
about these new parties or nt least of
a certain line of them Is that one
comes into being about every twenty
years.
The Eecurrent Eeform Wave,
The Republican party was born in
1S34 and two years later participated
In its first presidential election. It
started as a third party, but rapidly
drove the Whigs from the field nnd lto
came one of the two leading parties.
John C. Fremont Its first presideutlnl
candidate, polled something moro than
1,000,000 votes, but was defeated by
Jnmes Buchanan. In their second elec
tion in 1SG0 tho Republicans sucrveded
owing to a division in the rnnks of tho
Democracy. '
Tho second great uprising camo in
187-1, when the national Greenback
party was organized. Tho shlblx)Kth
of Ote Greonbackers was n iieople's
money, nnd the party supiwrted otlier
Issues that looked to tho people's inks.
While It never polled a very largo vote
in n presidential canvass, tike Green
back part' did cast about a million
votes in one election, choosing a num
ber of governors nnd members of con
gress. Its identity wns lost through
fusing with tho Democrats, although
it was still a factor up to 1S8-L
Eighteen years after tlie formation
of tho Groeuback party tho People's
party generally known as Uw lm
11st party, came into existence. In
some waj's It represented, tlrn name
spirit as that of tlio early Itcpubllenns
and Green backers, which In a general
way may bo described as tltp rulo of
tho people as against special intercuts.
In It3 first election, with Jnmoa 11,
Weaver nfi. its cpndidato for president
tho Peopled imrty polled inqro than
1,000,000 votes and by ISO! had nearly
2,000,000. In 1890 it fused with' tho
Domocrats, Unt elected a large, finmber
of govcrndra, senators fond congress
men, Whllo It went out of cxlstcnoo
as a iwrty, Its principles continued to
Progressive
"In the Ring"
Speculation as to Its Fu
tureHistory of Other
"Third Parties."
thrive and have been vital from that
day to this.
The Rise of Populism.
The People's party first advocated
tho Initiative, referendum and recall,
postal savings banks, government own
ership of railroads and telegraphs, a
leople's money as against what it call
ed the "money power," nnd other poli
cies in kind. It became involved in the
free silver fight, although it is u mis
take to suppose that the free coinage of
silver wns one of the original funda
mental Issues on which the People's
party was formed. In its essence It
was an nntimonopoly party and was
against railroad domination and fought
the machines of both old parties. Its
great strength was In the west and
south, threatening Democratic suprem
ncy In the south almost ns much ns
Republican supremacy in the west
The formation of the Progressive
party this year occurs at the end of
another twenty year period. Thus the
dates fall as follows:
1S54 Republican party organized.
1874 Greenback party organized.
1802 People's party organized.
1912 Progressive party organized.
The interval In each case is twenty
years, except from 187-1 to 1S92, which
is eighteen years, a deviation not great
enough to 1m? Important.
The writer was Intimately associat
ed witli the organization of the Peo-
Photos copyrluht, 1912. by American Press Association.
Headquarters in New York of tho National Progressive party, showing Georga
l Record (at the left) and Edward W. Sims. Upper left insert is Senator
Joseph M. Dixon. Governor Hiram Johnson is the other insert.
pie's party, having served on several of
Its committees aud having been secre
tary of Us national committee for
eight years. Slnco tlio disappearance
of that organization it has been a mat
ter of great interest to observe the
manner in which its principles have
taken root nnd grown until they till the
nation. Its death was a high example
of laying down its life to llnd It again.
It died thnt Its principles might live.
In tlio soil of Its self sacrifice they
lmvo thriven mightily. During tho past
sixteen years they have been a disrupt
ing foreo in both of tho older parties.
Tbe Incoming Tide.
Huving gono through that tight, 1
have lived in tlw belief that iu time
mthcr new parti' would be formed,
clterishing the sauro spirit and in a
general way 'tlw snino ideas, which
would sweep tho nation. Is tlio Pro
gressive party to lxs a realization of
that belief? Has It come to finish the
work starfod twenty years ago? Tho
tluw was iot riiw then to perform this
sork completely, but public opinion
has lunrvelously elinngcd in Uhj two
decades that hnvo since elujwod. Per
Iwpa the hour fcj now striking.
There havo locn otlier third arty
inovcmenta, although not in tlw direct
lino hero mentioned. To any ono fa
miliar with tlw history of these move
ments it is easy to show how tle l
plcte party wns in a general way tlw
anccensor of tho Greenback party and
how t?w Progressive iwrty Is taking up
many of tho principles of tlio People's
party. Outside of this direct lino may
bo mentioned tlio Liberal ItepubTlcan
movement of 1872, which nominated
llovtrco Greeley for president; tlo Pro-
hlbition pnrty and the Socialist party.
Two third party movcmuiU appeared
In 1800, but only for ono campaign.
Ono was that of the Gold Democrats
nnd tho other thnt of tho Silver Repub
licans. Tho periodical third party move
ments mny be likened to waves of the
sen, each wave mounting higher than
those preceding It. Witli the incoming
of this reform tide one wave will ad
vance farther than all the rest, break
ing over all barriers and reaching the
mark. Is tho Progressive movement to
prove such n wave?
The organization of n new pnrty is n
prodigious task, ns is now being re
alized by the Roosevelt managers.
The states have widely varying elec
tion laws, and the ticket must bo
placed upon the ballot in each. In
New York, for example, tho obstacles
In the way are well night Insurmount
able. Other states are almost ns dim
cult. In some states, it is understood,
there will be nn attempt made to take
over the entire Republican organiza
tion, electors and all. This plan will
bo fought by the Taft men and mny
end up In the courts. The progressive
paity will organize throughout the
south nnd will make a pronounced ef
fort to curry some southern states. It
will nlso make a vigorous campaign In
those northern states carried by Tnft
In the preconventlon struggle.
Senator Joe Dixon on Guard.
The general of tho Roosevelt forces
will bo Senntor Joseph M. Dixon of
Montana, who had charge of tho colo
nel's campaign for the nomination.
Governor Hiram W. Johnsou of Cali
fornia has been ono of the chief Roose
velt lieutenants, presiding over the
meeting of delegates in Chicago that
first put the former president In nomi
nation and also naming the committee
that has had charge of the organiza
tion of the new party. In New York
state William II. Ilotchklss. former
Insurance superintendent, is in charge
of the Roosevelt forces. In New Jer
sey arc such doughty warriors as for
mer Governor John Franklin Fort,
George L. Record aud Everett Colby.
Governors,senators, congressmen an 1
other leading men throughout the na
tion have declared In favor of the now
party, although a number of the
Roosevelt leaders In the Republican
national convention havo refused to
follow tlio colonel outside of the party.
Notable among these are Senator Ho
rah of Idaho, Governor Deneen of Illi
nois nnd Governor Osboru of .Michi
gan. Senator Cummins has nlso de
clared himself against tho formation
of a new party. Other progressive
leaders, such ns Governor,, Iludley of
Missouri, havo said that they saw no
need of a third party In their states,
since they would coutrol tho regular
Republican organization.
Such a situation has never before np
pcarod In American polities. The pos
slhllltiert urislng out of it nro stagger
ing. Ono is an entire new alignment
of political parties. Another is that
presidential electors will refuse to
obey tlw mandate of their party's na
tional convention. For a third, there
may lq no election of president at all
by tlw electoral college, which would j
throw tlw election into tlw house of
representatives. As neither party has
a majority of states In tho house, sev
eral status being exactly tied, this
would almost certainly result in n
ileadbclt In which event no president
at all would lw elected, a contingency
for which tlwro is noconstitufional pro
vision. Any ono of tlio above results would
bo revolutionary ami in the present ex
cited BtntD of the public mind might
actnaJlji' jimJpltato volution. It is
this Dort of political dynamite (that is
contained in this unprecedented cam-palijn.
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