Greater Farm Efficiency
Decreasing Cost of Machinery Repairs
Br PROF. C A. OCOCK. Witcontln ColUte of Aeticutlurm
WANT
Amount
to Letter nnil
Order Number
uec. G. 1311.
0 Spark pHip.i Gm enlnn ... , jc.oo
2 J'lston rlnps 2 II. J", frtis enclno Gllson 2.00
1 doz. 1' J2C3 I. H. C. illsk htirrow 9.00
8 loz. Common clovlsc For sinsle trees 3.(0
2 193 S '.....Corn KlnB shredder 10
2 It CG3 Doorlne binder 1.00
Shares Deere Kane .00
Sheet from a Farmers' "Want Book." .
Fow farmers havo a dcflnlto Idea
of the total amount of money Invested
In farm machinery. If you wero to
ask John Smith how much his farm
machinery was worth ho would be un
able to answer you. Ho would proba
bly tell you that tho different imple
ments cost so much and that thero
wero a number of repairs for several
of these. That theso implements were
tiU 1I1UI1V YL'itltt U1U. U1IU ttt'ltJ UiUU.LUiJ
worth only about half of what they
r.nv.n " tY,nrsr iinniiliil.lintiJ n .1 ). n A
InvnKtrri In farm mnrhlnnrv.
Fnrnilng being a business, should bo
run on business principles, if ono is to
ninnpv. Kr with tlm nmnhlnorv thn
.....l..,! -l i i i . i i e 1 1
nnnra innlwl in nin tin-lroati flirt
iiiiuiviiL iuuu juui'iunus. mis
rom his point of view it may not bo.
ei actual experience snows mat un-
css some records are kept In operat-
nir n. farm It is nYtrnmolv iHfllnnlt in
fo yyciqon.
Pec & Broken Reach
?
Auj 6 Sftinq Four Tires 3
YLov 4 Broken B olster Kenwd
IfO QcunFHoYY Cost fteTuyns
July joRv relaxed 30 Z2.
$etT3 $ ha.rb?n?ri) Shins
a w in i i uy si
acres or vuooie:
for The season 00-
n I
CW to Keen a Record ef Cost and Hnnlr r,f niffrnf rrm Imnl.m.r.t.
t - - -1
U.. r -
now on -wnai money is being saved
To keep farm machinery in repair is
j small Item, and frequently time lost
being delayed during a busy period
hilo waiting for repairs is tho cause
r a still greater loss. Tho time loss
many cases might bo dono away
1th if moro caro was exerted in over
lullng the machinery during tho win-
ipiSiacK. .Many farmers make a
ougn in tco spring or neiore it is
no to use tno macuino acain. An a
le, tho work is not dono until tho
ichlno or implement should bo in
o field, -which ought not to bo tho
se. The repairing, to bo dono at
least expense and loss of tlmo
ould bo dono in tho winter, or at
ist most of it. Thero aro some im
ments that ono might find difficult
repair, esieclally in bomo of tho
ichinery sheds which are found on
iVlth a good machinery shed nnd a
rk shop at ono end where a stovo
lid bo set up to take tho chill from
air. this work might bo handled
y niceiy witn muo lr any dlscom
lre, even in tho coldest weather.
r Tt will a n nrn'i mnnv ctnmv
s when llttlo if any work can bo
10 out or ooorH. wnon tun wnrlr In
shop can bo very satisfactorily
rlod on. Where tho repairs cannot
ruuny put id ine respective places,
1 Part and fvnrvthlnir nut in remi
ss lor In 11mA n'hun thn mnrh nn
taken frnrn thn rIioi! T nm nnw
iking of tho grain harvester, which
frequently behind many of tho
lllAt nnnhln.n . 1 . t t . . i
Icult to Eel at fnr rnfilrlncw Tn
, uvuv
caso or tne grain and corn har-
ter a good plan to follow is to
ko a noto of such nnrts
ero wear and order these parts for
rnmlnp Rpncnn
"want book" nnd a box of shin-
? tags should bo a part of tho
Ipinent of tho farm office, in tho
k should be made a notation of tho
n or broken part, nnd with it tho
er nnd number, thus: "For tho
in llri.itnp titn.ln. .11. .1 T T
shipping tag with letter and num-
should then be attached to tho
tn fl cclci In nilfnltv lnnnlnn nl
lira aro to bo put in place. Tho
o holds true with reference to
s. When bousing tho machinery
mnV Tint linvn tlw. n
J w l liuig IUV JN UIVI UUJID Ul
, but tho "want book" and tags
BOOK.
Implement
Cost
When
Wonted
SO dnya
CO days
M days
f0 days
20 dnys
6 mos.
CO days
will furnish tho necessary Information,
ns, "Ono machlno bolt 24 Inches by
Inches." This, with others which
may bo required, may bo purchased in
ono order, which will probably result
in a saving of ono-half.
Whllo this system may seem at first
thought somewhat cumbersome, a
glance at tho suggested sheet will
show that it wll in tho end save time
and money, nnd at tho same time dis
penso with worry and aggravation at
a very.busy season of the year.
When tho repairs and special bolts
havo arrived, take thorn with nn extra
supply of bolts, nuts and split cot
ters and a kit of tools. Proceed with
tho work as occasion permits, and in
a short tlmo all of tho homo work is
completed. Tho work usually dono at
tho village- shop should bo noted and
tho list left in a convenient placo o
that no extra time is required in lo
cating it nnd arranging for tho work.
Soino farms are fortunato enough to
hnvo their own shop, and where suca
conditions exist it Is not necessary to
tako tho plow shares to tho vlllagu
for sharpening, but this and man oth
er kinds of such work can be don? at
home. Tho largo farms having gres
Cost
Renewed SlL
I n s .
I
- . . . - . - . , , Ml... llllfJIWIIIWIttB
r I r A
er requirements will naturally requiro
more machinery, so that tho ono in
charge of tho machinery should not
lose sight of tho fact that a large sup
ply of common repairs is better than
to bo out half of the time, thus caus
ing unnecessary delays in tho farm
operations.
Tho stock of duplicate parts to bo
ordered should bo for sickle sections,
for mowers and binders, also slcklo
heads and pltmans for the mowers.
Rivets, wearing plates, ledger plates,
guards, etc., or any such list as seems
necessary to prepare for tho neces
sary farm machines. Any ono who is
at all interested in farm machinery
should be able to deviso some plan
which would greatly facilitate tho
handling and repairing of tho farm ma
chinery. To insuro tho greatest efficiency
of plow, cultivators and all such im
plements, it is a good plan to cover
tho faco of tho moldboards and shov
ela with a good grade of heavy ma
chine oil or a fair grade of hard o.l.
This treatment will keep tho weaiing
surfaces free from rust, so that the
extra work of scouring these Imple
ments in the spring will be done away
with. To get tho greatest returns for
money invested in farm implements
ono must havo as few delays as pos
sible. In keeping before you tho first cost
and repairs of tho different farm im
plements, a few c.rds as hero shown
will bo of great help. In this way you
can quickly find how much your wag
on, mower, or any implement has cost
slnco it was purchased. The deprecia
tion can also be more quickly calcu
lated, and in many wayB this will as
sist in determining tho gross earnings
of tho farm each year. This card sys
tem might be carried still further by
adding to it a doublo column at tho
right, tho extra column showing the
amount of work or tho valuo of tho
work dono with each implement This
is shown on card describing gang
plow.
Tho scheme described here is not
entirely new, as some farmers aro
using methods which In some ways
aro similar, but tho card system and
day book aro much handler and moro
economical.
Feed for Hens.
Dried lawn clippings nrenU much of
a feed unless full of white clover.
Clover to tho hundred founds con
tains 29 per cent, dry matter, 2.1 ash,
2.9 protein and 1C.4 carbohydrates. Its
nutrltlvo ratio is l.C, while that of
wheat is 1.7, Clover dry or steamed
and mixed with mash is bully for hen
health and eggs.
LESS EXPENSIVE FATTENING
SYSTEM SUGGESTED BY FLINT
Buy Cattle In Thin Flesh, Feed Plenty of Roujrhajro and
Then Turn Them Out on Gross Pnsfturo- Prime
Corn-Fed Animals Are Scarce Durlnjr Summer
Months and Bring Good Prices.
Excellent Bunch
Cholco beef can bo produced with
less high-priced feed, nnd at a lower
cost, than it is produced by most feed
ers, thinks P. N. Flint, assistant pro
fessor of animal husbandry at tho
Kansas Agricultural college. Pro
fessor Flint believes in a less expen
sive method of fnttening, in which
grass is tho principal diet.
Tho common feeding practice of
many of tho farmers of tho corn belt
is an expenslvo process. Tho cattle
arc fed during tho winter months.
Sheds havo to be provided for shelter.
Tho cost of hauling and feeding the
roughage for the cattle when In a dry
lot Is "ot n small item. Had weather
is another objectlonablo feature moro
feed Is required by a steer to mako
tho same gain.
The feeding practice for more profit
is this: Common feeders Cattlo in
thin flesh may bo bought at a low
prlco. Get steers two or threo years
old. Feed them plenty of roughage to
keep them In good condition until they
arc turned out on grnss. A few hours
a day on pasture is long enough at
first, until their systems get accus
tomed to the change. Feed tho steers
running on grass a ration of 8 to 14
YOUNG WOMAN
GOT HER EGGS
Small Flock of Pullets Installed
In the Back Yurd In Port
able llouoe Furnish.
Medicine.
A young lady living in a small city
had impaired her health by too con
fining work in a city office, says
Christian Herald. Her physician or
dered her to a sanitarium for rest and
upbuilding, and when she returned to
work ho Instructed her to eat four
fresh-laid ogga daily; two eggs for
breakfast, and the others raw, in milk
Finding It difficult to obtain depend
ably fresh eggs, sho persuaded her
mother to permit her having a small
flock in tho homo yard. A portablo
house was purchased and fifteen pul
lets installed in it. A small brother
was paid 10 cents a week to feed and
caro for the flock, two bags of ready
mixed food were bought, nnd tho re
sult of tho venture was not only all
tho eggs tho young lady needed and a
supply for the family, but thero was a
surplus which found a ready market
at tho corner drug store, bringing 10
cents a dozen abovo tho market price,
ALABAMA MAN
HAS NEW TRACE
Wheel in End of Whifflo Tree
Holds Trace so That Thero
Id No Dunsrer of Ita
LooBciiins.
Considerable cleverness went into
the designing by an Alabama man of
the tracft connector shown in tho cut
The enif of tho whliiletreo has sepa
rated parallel sides, with notches In
tho ends. Pivoted between theso
Bides Is a wheel, with two radial slots
and lateral passages running off tho
slots. To us this connector a ring Is
inserted in tho wheel by lining up ono
of the slotB of tho wheel with tho
notches in tho end o tho whlffletree.
New Trcco Connector.
Once the wheel is turned there 1b no
danger of tho ring slipping out of
tho slot, as the sides of the wlilflletreo
prevent that. The trace is conuected
with tho ring by a spring hook and
the operation of hooking or unhooking
a trace requires only a fow seconds
whet, this device is used.
of Feeder Steers.
pounds of corn. Degln with a light
ration and work up grndually to tho
maximum. They should bo ready to
mnrket tho latter part of July.
Prime corn-fed cattlo aro scarce
during tho summer, as most of the
feeders in tho lots nro finished nnd
shipped out before this time. Tho
packers must havo cattlo with somo
finish, and they pay a good prlco to
get them. Coming on tho market at
this time, tho steers fed on grass will
bring almost as good a price as stock
fed a full grain ration in a dry lot
Tho success of this plan of feeding
is duo to tho low prlco at which tho
cattlo can bo bought and tho thin con
ditlon of tlio animals coming in tho
common class of feeders, flaking eco
nomical gains is not a breed but a
typo characteristic. Often tho best
and poorest gains made aro by indi
viduals of tho same breed.
Less labor is required with summer
feeding. Tho cattlo gather their
roughage, and tho manure produced
by them is distributed, and evenly. In
winter, dry-lot-feeding steers nro fed
a ration of 18 to 22 pounds of grain
and C to S pounds of hay apiece, when
on full feed.
HOGS REQUIRE
GOOD PASTURE
Every Farmer Havlnz Swine
Should Sow Patch of Rape
Seed to Make Suit
able Gruzlns.
Hogs requiro green food along with
a moderate amount of grain; but they
will keep In good, thrifty condition
during the summer months on clove:
and grass alone. Every farmer having
hogs should sow a patch of Essex
rape seed. Sow four pounds of clean,
new crop seed to tho acre; the ground
must bo deep, finely pulverized and in
good order. In ten weeks from sow
ing this makes a good pig pastiiro and
good grazing; the pigs will grow fast
and will be kept healthy. When fed
on rape the pigs should have at all
times a mixture of wood and coal
ashes, mixing ono handful of salt and
ono of sulphur In each peck of ashes.
Tho fattening properties of rape aro
probably twlco ns good as those of
clover. Last fall's pigs should be giv
en fine-cut clover hay, mixed with
wheat bran and wheat middlings.
Mix with boiling water. A few small
ears of corn may bo given after tho
mixed feed is eaten. Havo the pens
clean nnd dry; give a thick bed of
dry leaves or cut straw. They should
havo fresh water dally. Expert breed
ers give the following mixture to their
hogs; they consider it better than
wood and coal nBhos alone: Ten
pounds of burnt bones, 10 pounds of
water and 10 pounds of sulphuric acid.
Tho burnt bones aro put Into an iron
pot nnd moistened with tho water;
tho acid is then slowly poured over
tho mass and well stirred in. Grcnt
caro must bo used in handling tho
acid, bb tho least drop on tho hand
will burn Hko'firo. Mix this with nn
equal quantity of freshly burnt hard
wood ashes; lot tho pigs have a llttlo
of this mlxturo twice a week. It is
especially good for pigs troubled with
tumors caused by eating too much
corn. Havo a grass pasture or dry
yard adjoining tho pens, as they must
have plenty of exerclso to keep them
in good, thrifty condition.
Weather Effects on Calves.
According to somo experiments
made In Ireland calves born in tho au
tumn mado faster gains during tho
winter when housed at night in a
well ventilated shed than did calves i
which received no shelter, but by mid
summer thero was little difference la
tho two lots. "Wet weather had a
moro injurious effect on tho unprotect
ed cattlo than did a protracted cold
spell.
Queer Feed for Horses.
Horses and cattle in tho cnuntrv
near tho Persian gulf aro fed locusts,
fish and dates. In Thibet h orKoa nrn
fed plg'B blood, and In tho cold moun
tain regions or Asia meat is regarded
as a necessary part of a hnrnn'H Up.
The Increasing use of meat meal In
our country Indicates that stockmen
aro finding such a feed a nsnfnl nrfiil.
tlon to tho live stock ration.
Swamp Lands In West.
It Is clnlmed that thero urn 77 (inn,.
000 acres of swnmp nnd overflow
lands In tho Mlsslsslnnl vnllnv flint
can bo converted Into fertllo farm
property nt nn expense of live to
seven dollars an acre.
MM
1 gLZgJ
CONSTRUCTION OF HEN HOUSE
Few Practical Suggestions That Will
Be of Much Assistance to the
Poultry Keeper.
(Br J. G. IIAIJUN nnd C. A. OCOCK,
Wisconsin.)
For success in poultry keeping it
is necessary to havo a suitablo houso
which will protect tho fowls from in-
, clement weather and from their nat
I urnl enemies.
I It must bo remembered that from
tho standpoint of tho hen, nppcaranco
makes very llttlo difference, but tho
houso must bo so built and bo ar
ranged that it will bo a comfortablo
place for the hens to live; otherwlso
they will not thrive and . production
will not bo satisfactory. On many
fauns tho hens nro not provided with
a houso constructed especially for
them, but are housed in nn old build
ing originally mado for somo other
purpose. As a rule this 6ort of a
houso is not economical, for, unless It
is constructed especially for hens, it
will seldom be found possible to re
construct it in such a wny as to
mako economical production possible.
Poultry houses should bo located
where It is dry and well drained. If
the ground Is not naturally dry, It
should bo ditched and drained artifi
cially, for poultry will not thrive In
a houso when tho floor Is constantly
wet. A damp location means a damp
Proper Way to Moke Partition.
poultry house all tho way through,
and the result Is that the fowls aro
affected with many troublesome dis
eases. Houses should bo placed so that
they will not bo subject to violent
winds, yet good air and drainage are
essential. A houso should never be
placed in a low, damp spot where
early fall frosts are likely to occur.
These places aro always cold and un
healthy for fowls.
One hundred hens will thrive in a
pen 20x20 feet, that is four squaro feet
of floor spao per hen, but ono hen
will not thrive in a pen 2x2 feet. In
a largo pen each ono has a chanco to
wander about over tho entire floor
space, thus getting more exercise.
Generally speaking, it is far cheaper
to build a wide houso than a narrow
one. A houso 20x20 is cheaper than
a houso 10x40 and contains as much
floor space for tho hens. A house
20 feet wide, however, will be found
impracticable for some types of roofs
and will not bo found satisfactory
where ono wishes to keep a number
of small breeding fams. There are
Beveral common types of roofs used
on poultry houses.
Just which stylo of roof should be
chosen Is largely a matter of personal
preference, but tho type of roof will
bo found to influence tho cost of con
struction to quite an extent
Wherever there is only ono poultry
houso a partition is always advisable
as it permits ono to keep tho hens sep-
Different Types of Roofs Used In
Poultry Houses. 1 Is a shed roof, 2 a
combination roof, 3 a gable roof, 4 a
seml-monltor roof, 5 a monitor roof,
6 a slanting front roof, and 7 an A
type roof.
nrated from the pullets early in tho
winter and makes it possiblo later to
makoup a breeding pen gf tho best
foivis. In n small house, that is ono
hot over 30 feet long, ono should use
boards for tho partitions for nbout
two feoi from tho floor. Tho rest
may be mado of wire or cloth except
between tho roosts of tho different
pens, whero tho boards should run to
tho roul 1
Feed for Growing Ducklings.
Growing ducklings thrive best on a
feed composed of equnl parts, by
measure, of corn meal, ground peas,
bran and middlings, nil mado into
thick mash, either with scalding hot'
water or milk, tho latter being tho
bettor. Tho mash is improved by add
ing short-cut green grass, clover or
somo other green Btuff, and a fow
handfulls of coarso sand.
Dad Air and Incubation.
The atmosphere of a cellar whero
vegetable are kept is not fit for nn
Incubator. Tho air, according to Pop
lar Mechanics, 1b charged with car
bonic gas, whloh la fatal to rouug
chicks.
A
WONDERS OF THE DEAD SEA
Interesting Trip Around This Dady o'
Water Told by Jacob E.
Spafford.
Jerusalem. An interesting trip
around tho Dead sea was mado In a
motor boat by Jncob K. - Spafford, a
member of tho American colony in
Jerusalem.
In circumnavigating tho lako four or
five very fcrtilo plains or ghors wero
met with. "Theso plains," writes Mr.
Spafford, "naturally bring to mind tho
connection of tho Dead sea with So
dom nnd Gomorrah, tho 'cities of tho
plain,' that wero overthrown. They
havo been vnrlously placed on ovcry
side of tho sen.
"Theso plains and tho small oasis
nt Engcdl nro tho only points when
l nro or nny Kind nnd water aro to bo
Defile Leading From River Ammon.
had. This evidently was a llttlo para
dise In the time of Solomon and Is
frequently mentioned in tho Old
Testament.
"About ten miles from Engedi iios
tho peerless natural fortress of Ma
cada (Sebbeh), first fortified by the
Maccabees, them used ns a place of
refuge by Herod. At tho foot of the
tableland can be seen the Roman wall
of circumvallntlon and the two Ro
man camps on either side of tho small
ravine.
"Tho fortress, which Is 1,700 miles
nbove tho sea, has steep sides at about
an angle of 75 degrees and cannot bo
approached, except from a connecting
neck called tho Serpentine. A moro
inhospitable placo or ono moro disad
vantageous to besiegers could not be
Imagined.
"Eight miles away is Jebel Usdum,
a mountain of rock salt rising to a
height of 500 feet In this mountain
Is a large cave which was explored
to tho extent of nbout 200 yards, at
which point a tapering cylindrical
shaft of about 20 feet in diameter was
discovered, piercing tho solid rock salt
80 feet high, as though through pol
ished marble, evidently the effects of
the rain.
"Great snow whito stalactites hung
from tho ceiling. Tho approach to this
mountain presents most fantastic ap
ivearances of walls, buttresses, par
apets, projecting towers, etc., caused
by tho stratification and lay of tho
salt boulders.
"A llttlo south of Masada lies the
rich Ghor-el-Mizra. Hero and else
where abound the npplo of Sodom de
scribed by Josephus."
CHEESE DENOTES THEIR RANK
Swiss Family Found Without Aged
Variety of Delicacy Is
Scorned.
Lucerne. Tho English, tho Ger
mans, and tho Norwegians nro great
consumers of cheese, but the people
of Switzerland surpass them all. Tho
cheese of Zermatt Is so hnrd that ono
Is obliged to scrape it or cut off chunks
with a hntchet, and its use is con
sidered most important on nil cere
monious occasions. Tho rank of a
Swiss family Is known by tho ago of
its cheese, and tho moro affection or
respect a gu?st inspires tho harder is
tho cheese which is cut In his honor.
It Is said that there aro families In
Switzerland whoso cheeses date from
the first French revolution, and theso
are served only at baptisms, weddings
and nftcr funerals,
Tho larder In every ramlly is guard
ed with care and tho cheeso is named.
Upon tho birth of a new heir a cheeso
Is made that takes tho namo given
him or her, and that particular cheese
Is never under nny circumstances cut
until tho boy or girl grows up nnd is
married. On such occasions each of
tho guests takes a piece of cheoso
from the bridegroom and from the
hrldo nnd drinks to their felicity, the
cheeso held aloft. Harper's Weekly.
Sold Water Tower to Farmer.
Chicago. Lloyd Moulds, Just In from
tho fnrm, liked tho looks of the old
North side water tower, and "con"
men immediately sold it to him for
(26. A pollreman arrived In tlmo to
lavo hi mopey.
Was Wrapped In Him.
New York. A moving picture film
1,000 feet long was wound about the
body of Victor Weiss when he was ar
irrested by police, who charged him
vllh robbing a film company's plant.