XTAGB
TBX OITIZKN, WKDN KS DAY, AI'IHIi 10, 1012.
TAFT'S MESSAGE
; ON EFFICIENCY
: AND ECONOMY
President Sends a Second State
ment to Congress on the
Work of Special
Commission.
Expresses His Approval of the Changes
Recommended and Suggests the Stat-
utory Amendments Necessary to
Carry Them Out Sees Increased Ef
I ficisncy and Saving of Many Millions
of Dollars of Public Funds Urg:3
i Further Appropriation to Carry on tho
Commission'o Work.
ITo the Senate and House of Repre
sentatives: On the 17th of January last I sent a
.message to the congress describing tho
.work of the commission appointed by
mo under authority of tho acts of June
25. 1010, and March 3, 1011, graiitiug
appropriations to enable me to Inquire
Into tho methods of transacting the
public business of the various execu
tive departments and other govern
.mental establishments and to make re
port as to improved efficiency and
greater economy to be obtained In the
expenditure of money for the mainte
nance of the government. By way of
Illustrating the utility of the commis
sion and tho work which they were
engaged upon I referred to a number
of reports which they had flled, recom
mending changes in organization of
tho departments and bureaus of the
.government, the avoidance of duplica
tion of functions and services and the
Installation of labor saving devices and
Improved office methods. All of tho
recommendations looked to savings of
considerable amounts. With the mes
sage of Feb. C, 1012, I transmitted to
the congress the reports on the central
ization of distribution of government
documents, on tho use of window en
velopes and on the use of a photo
graphic process for copying records.
A number of tho reports of tho com
mission had not then been commented
n by the heads of the departments
that would bo affected by the changes
recommended, and therefore I did not
feel Justifled at that time In recom
mending to the congress the statutory
amendments necessary to carry out the
recommendations of the commission.
Since then, however, I have received
the recommendations of the beads of
departments, and I transmit this mes
sage for tho purpose of expressing my
approval of the changes recommended
by the commission and of laying be
fore the congress the reports prepared
toy the commission.
Local Offices Should Be In the Classi
fied Service Postoffices.
I have several times called attention
to the advantages to be derived from
placing In the classified service the lo
cal officers under the departments of
the treasury, of tho postofllee, of jus
tice, of the interior and of commerco
and labor. In my message submitted
to the congress on Jan. 17 I referred
to the loss occasioned to the govern
ment because of the fact that In many
cases two persons arc paid for doing
work that could easily be done by one.
In the meantime I have caused an in
quiry to be made as to the amount in
money of this loss. The results of this
Inquiry are that the loss amounts to at
least $10,000,000 annually. For exam
ple. It appears that a very substantial
economy would result from putting ex
perienced and trained officers In charge
of the first and second class postoffices
Instead of selecting the postmasters in
accordance with the present practice.
As the annual operating expenses of
the first and second class offices aggre
gate the enormous sum of more than
?S0.000,000, undoubtedly if the post
musters of these offices were embraced
In the classified service and required to
devote all their time to the public serv
ice the annual savings would eventu
ally represent many millions of dollars. 1
rho saving In salaries alone, not taking
Into account nny saving due to increas
ed efficiency of operation, would '
amount to nbout $1,500,000. At the
present time the salaries of postmas- I
ters of the first and second class
amount to 50,070.000, while the salaries
f assistant postmasters of the same
lasses amount to $2,820,000. If the !
position of postmaster wero placed In
the classified scrvlco and those olllcqrs j
were given salaries equal to 20 per
tent more than the salaries nov given '
to tho assistant postmasters, the latter i
position being no longer required, there
would be n saving In salaries to the
government of $4,012,900. In the case
f postmasters at offices of the third
class a largo annual saving could be
made.
Pension Agencies,
An annual saving of nearly $C2.000
eould bo made If tho position of pen
sion agent were placed In the classified
eervlce, since the work now done by ,
a pension agent nt a salary of $i.O00
and a chief clerk at n salary ranging
between $1,400 and $2,250 could easily
bo dono by ono person in the perma
nent classified servico at n salary vary- J
mg iruiu 10 jj.ww. ureater
economy and efficiency would result
Stotn tho abolition of tho peuslou agen
cies and from tho adoction of a nlan
In nccord.anco with which pensions
wouiu bo imiu by tho pension office in
n ashlngtou.
Distriot Land Offices.
What Is truo In tho matter of nay
ment of pensions Is also truo in tho
service under tho general laud office.
Tho field scrvlco of this office could bo
more efficiently and economically oper
ated lr it were provided by law that
tho office of receiver of district land
offices bo abolished nnd tho duties
transferred to the register, assisted bv
a bonded clerk and tho register placed
in tho classified service. It has several
times been estimated that more than
$200,000 would bo saved onnually nnd
tho efficiency of tho scrvlco greatly In
creased by the adoption of such n plan.
Internal Revenjo and Customs Offices.
Largo expenditures nre made for sal
aries of political appointees In tho in
ternal revenue and customs services.
In both services a direct saving In sal
aries nnd an Indirect economy througli
, Increased efficiency would follow n
transfer of such offices to tho classified
service.
Other Local Offices.
In tho other field services the saving
which would result from tho classifica
tion of the local officers under the de
partments Is not as marked or prob
ably capable of as exact estimation as
! In those mentioned, but thero is no
doubt that substantial savings would
follow. It is not to bo doubted that
where no saving would result the
classification of the local officers
would Increase tho efficiency of the
service. It would bo desirable also
to place all marshals, deputy marshals
and assistant attorneys In tho classi
fied service, although but little direct
economy would result. Supervising
Inspectors in tho steamboat inspection
service and tho members of the field
service in the bureau of fisheries should
be placed in the classified service.
Commission's Report on Local Offices.
Tho report on methods of appoint
ment submitted to me by the commis
sion, which covers fully the subject of
appointments by the president by and
with the advice and consent of the sen
ate and recommends that various local
officers, such ns postmasters, collectors
of internal revenue, etc., nnd heads of
bureaus in the departmental service, be
Included in the classified service, Is
transmitted herewith (appendix No. 1).
The report and recommendations are
approved by me.
Legislation Needed to Establish the
Merit System.
In the interest of an efficient and eco
nomical administration of the vast
business of the government I urge the
necessity for the Inauguration of this
important reform and recommend that
the necessary amendments be made to
the laws governing appointments, such
amendments to take effect not later
than July 1, 1013, so that there may be
secured to the people the benefits to be
derived from a conduct of their affairs
by officers selected on a merit basis
and devoting their time and talents
solely to the duties of their offices.
Consolidation of Lighthouse and Life
Saving Services.
The commission's report (appendix
No. 2( recommends that the life sav
ing service of the department of the
treasury be discontinued as a separate
organization and that the maintenance
and operation of the life saving sta
tions of the country be made one of the
duties of the bureau of lighthouses of
the department of commerce and tabor.
I concur in this recommendation and
urge that the necessary legislation for
carrying it into effect be enacted.
Both of these services are organized
nnd maintainod for the same general
purpose the protection of llfo and
property ondangered along the coasts
and other navigable waters. Both
maintain stations along the coast,
which are located for the most part
in close proximity. Both have sub
stantially the fame business problems
to meet in locating, constructing and
maintaining these stations; In recruit
ing tho personnel. In manufacturing or
purchasing equipment; In purchasing, j
nouswg in ucpots ana distributing sup
plies; In operating a field Inspection
service, In maintaining telephonic nnd
other means of communication, In dis.
burslng funds, in keeping proper books
of accounts and In rendering report!
showing financial and other transac
tions. The maintenance of two sep
arate services, as at present, means a
duplication of organization In respect
to all of these operation. The rec
ommendation of tho commission does
not contemplate any essential change
in the work of the life saving stations.
It is for the transfer of the business
mauugement of these institutions to
the bureau of lighthouses. That bu
reau, being fully organized for th ad
ministration of stations of this char
acter, will bo able to direct and man
age these stations with comparatively
little addition to its present force and
equipment. The commission estimates
that, In addition to the advantage that
will be obalned throuch having these
two services operated by the stime or
ganization, a direct economy will be
secured of nt least $100,000 annually
and that the saving will greatly ex
ceed this sum after the first year.
Revenue Cutter Service,
Tho report of the commission on tho
revenue cutter service (appendix No.
) represents a detailed investigation
or the history, organization nnd.acthj-l
service nnd Its relations to other serv
ices. Tho conclusion is reached that
all of the duties now being performed
by tula service can be performed with
equal efficiency by other services and
that n great economy will result by
having these duties bo performed. The
commission accordingly recommends
that the service be abolished as n dis
Unct organization, that its equipment
be distributed among other services
I
requWnff tho uso of marine craft nnd
I thnt nmrlatnn mn.ln .
ww t.uuu A U , LUC I JL'l-
formanco of tho work now being done
by it by auch other services.
With theso fundamental rccoramcn
datlons of tho commission I am In full
accord, nnd I recommend that tho nec
essary action bo enacted to put them
Into effect.
At tho present time tho revenue cut
tor service Is organized as n naval cs
tabllRhmenL Tho country Is In effect
maintaining two nnvlo nnd Is using
ono of theso navies for tho perform
ance of duties of a civil character.
Tho maintenance of two separato na
val establishments entails unnecessary
expense and Is not In the Interest of
either efficiency or economy. In so far
as tho duties of the revenue cutter
service are of a naval character or are
such as can readily bo performed by
tho regular naval establishment, they
should be performed by such estab
lishment; In so far ns they ore of a
purely civil character, uso should bo
made of services organized nnd con
ducted upon n civil basis.
In respect to tho distribution of tho
equipment and duties of the revenue
cutter service nmong other branches
of tho government, the recommenda
tion of the commission looks to the
transfer to tho navy department of
tho vessels which are ndaptcd to deep
Eea cruising and the discharge by tho
naval establishment of most of the du
ties now performed by the revenue
cutter service upon the high eeas. In
memoranda submitted on the report of
tho commission, copies of which nro
submitted with such report, on the
one hand tho secretary of tho navy
raises tho question as to whether theso
duties can bo performed by the regu
lar naval establishment without de
tracting from Its military efficiency,
while on the other hand the secretary
of commerce and labor raises the
question whether certain of those du
ties cannot bo performed by tho light
house service If that service Is provid
ed with vessels suitable for the pur
pose. In view of theso suggestions I rec
ommend that in the enactment of leg
islation providing for the abolition of
the revenue cutter service provision bo
made for the transfer of all the ves
sels and equipment of the revenue cut
ter service from the treasury depart
ment to the department of commerce
and labor; that tho secretary of com
merce und labor be directed to assign
such vessels and equipment to the
lighthouse establishment, bureau of
fisheries and other services under hla
Jurisdiction requiring tho uso of ves
sels as, in his Judgment. Is for the best
interest of the public Service, and that
authority be riven to him to turn over
to the navy auch vessels as he may
find upon investigation not to be re
quired by hla department and which
by their character are fitted to serve
as useful auxiliaries to the naval es
tablishment.
In thus recommending that the reve
nue cutter service as a separate estab
lishment be abolished I desire to make
plain that such action does not carry
with it the discontinuance of the ren
dering of any valuable and proper
service now being rendered by that or
ganization. On the contrary, I am per
suaded that all such services will con
tinue to be performed under the sys
tem recommended by me with equal
or greater efficiency.
It should be noted that the adoption
of the recommendation here mado will
result in bringing under one general
administration all of the work of the
government having to do with the pro
tection of life and property at sea.
This will result not only In greatly In
creafed efficiency, but in a large sav
ing. The lighthouse establishment Is
compelled by the nature of the work
to maintain and operate n largo fleet
of vessels and supplementary ad
ministrative divisions, depots, inspec
tion services, etc., to attend to mat
ters pertaining to their business man
agement. It is thus fully prepared
to take orer and operate the additional
vessels that may be assigned to It and
to perform the additional duties with
which it may be Intrusted at an added
expense that will be small in compari
son with that now entailed in main
taining an independent service on a
military basis.
A further baneflt of no little impor
tance that will also be secured will be
that of rollevlng tho department of the
treasury of duties which are In no
ways germane to the primary function
of that department.
The Consolidation of Auditing Officss.
The report upon the organization and
methods of work of the accounting of
fices of the troasury (appendix No. 4)
recommends that the offices of tho six
auditors be consolidated under one au
ditor and that the auditors of customs
accounts located at the principal ports
and known as naval officers be made
assistants to tho auditors. An Increase
in the efficiency of the treasury audit
will be oue result of tho carrying out
of these recommendations, and the sav
ing of expense when the consolidation
has been fully completed will amount '
to at least $200,000 a year, based upon j
curront appropriations. The present or
ganization, under which six ludepend-1
ent auditors are engaged in tho one
work of final audit of tho government
accounts, is certainly ouo that can pro-1
dure only diversity of practice and pro-
tedure. inefficient use of personnel and
equlpnientauddelariRnd uncertainty ,
of "requirements from which tho public
as well as officers of the government
must suffer. '
In my opinion a change In law to
carry Into effect these recommenda
tions of the commission which have
my approval will be in tho interest of
tho public service).
The Returns Office.
The report upon the "returns offico" '
of the department of the Interior (ap
pendlx No. S) recommends the aboil'
I tlon cf that office and that provision
I for nutillr In.qtirwtlnn nt mmminnni
contracts bo made through the office of
tho auditors of the treasury In which
offices the orlglnnls of nil contracts arc
filed. It also recommends the substi
tution of a certificate for tho affidavit
required to bo attached to tho contracts
of tho departments of war, the navy
and tho Interior nnd an nraendmeut
of the statute which now requires all
tho contracts of those departments to
bo In writing. I transmit letters from
tho secretaries of tho departments re
ferred to, concurring In the conclusions
and recommendations of the commis
sion. I approve the report and com
mend It to tho favorable consideration
of the congress.
Government Expenses For Travel.
The report upon "travel expend!-
i lures" of officers nnd employees of the
government (appendix No, 4 presents
n view of existing conditions that can
lead to but ouo conclusion that under
tho existing. lawK and regulations and
practices pursuant thereto the allow
ances for travel arc as varied as there
nro cxccutlvo doourtments. The same
classes of officers and employees nre
, receiving different" rates of allow
ances, depending only upon tho depart
ment or bureau In which they nre em
ployed. Under similar conditions there
should bo uniformity. Tho report rec
ommends that all allowances In tho
form of mileage be discontinued and
that actual cost of transportation be'
paid; that In lieu of payment of actual
cost of other expenses, commonly
known as subsistence, which would
Include lodging, a scale of per diem
allowances be established by tho presi
dent for the several classes of officers
and employees. It is also recommend
ed by the commission that all ac
counts for reimbursement of travel
ing expenses shall bo certified ns to
correctness In lieu of the requirement
of law In many cases that tho verifica
tion bo by affidavit The latter pro
cedure Is frolicsome nnd expensive,
and tho penalty for a false certifica
tion is fully as valuable In its deter
rent effect ns the penalty for making
a false affidavit.
With the report aro the comments
of tho war and the nary departments,
made nt my request. Tho report of
the commission has my approval, and
the suggestions therein for a change In
the law on the subject are submitted
with a request for action in accordance
therewith.
Handling and Filing of Corroopondtnce.
The handling and fillns of corre
spondence constitute one of the busi
ness processes of the government to
which, as pointed out In my message
of Jan. 17, the commission bns paid
especial attention. The Investigations
of existing conditions have brought out
clearly that in many cases present
methods are inefficient and entail large,
unnecessary costs. The features of
present practices which stand out most
prominently as entailing large, unnec
essary labor 'and expense pertain to
tho briefing, press copying and record
ing and Indexing of communications.
A statement has been prepared giving
the results of an investigation of the
salary cost entailed In performing
these operations In the several depart
ments nt Washington. It Is the opin
ion of the commission that the opera
tions of briefing and press copying
letters can be entirely eliminated nnd
that the recording and indexing of In
coming nud outgoing letters can be re
duced at least 50 per cent.
Though the commission Is making
Independent Investigations of methods
followed In handling and filing corre
spondence In certain bureaus and serv
ices, the results of which will be em
bodied In reports describing such
methods, pointing out wherein they
arc defective and recommending
changes to make them conform to the
most approved practices, the general
policy pursued Is that of working In
close co-operation with the depart
ments and services through the means
of Joint committees. To the end that
these committees might all work a
nearly as possible along uniform lines
and that the departments and estab
lishments might have before them tho
conclusions reached by the commis
sion relative to fundamental princi
ples and the best practices In respect
to the performance of this class of
work, thn commission has prepared
and I have sent to the heads of de
partments a memorandum Retting
forth tho principles which should gov
ern In tho matter of handling and fil
ing of correspondence. This memoran
dum also contains suggestions for the
use of labor snvlng devices In prepar
ing and mailing letters. I am trans
mitting herewith a copy of this mem
orandum (appendix No. 7).
On the basis of tills memorandum ac
tive efforts are now being made In nil
of the departments for the Improve
ment of the methods of handling and
filing of correspondence. These effort
have resulted In rndlcul changes In ex
isting methods and the effecting of
largo economies. Tho flat filing sys
tem has been substituted for the old
cumbrous folded and Indorsement sys
tem. Carbon copies of letters have been
substituted for press copies. The brief
ing of documents has been entirely
discontinued In a number of service,
and In others the maintenance of book '
records of Incoming and outgoing com- j
inunlcntlous has been discontinued.
Tho effort is being made to make cor
respondence files self indexing and
tli iii avoid tho uecesslty for making
and using secondary flllug devices.
This work can only bo lntelllgeutlv
prosecuted as tho result of painstaking
and detail investigation of the special .
conditions to be met In each partlcu-
lar service. Many months will there
fore be required to carry out this work
throughout the entlro government. It
Is of the utmost lmportnnco that the 1
work should be prosecuted under s
general supervision or direction such
ns Is furnished by tho present commis
sion. Distribution of Government Documents.
Attention Is called to tho report of
the commission transmitted to tho con
gress with my message of Feb. 0 nnd
to the supplementary statement sent
herewith (appendix No. 8) on tho cen
tralization of distribution of govern
ment publications. By adopting this
recommendntlon It Is conservatively
estimated that $212,000 can be saved.
This is exclusive of tho saving which
could bo made by handling tho con
gressional documents In the same man
ncr. An account kept for thlrty-ono
dnys with the volume of this business
of handling congressional documents
showed nn average of twenty-one tons
per day. Those documents were first
taken from the printing office to tho
cnpltol, then from the cnpltol to tho
postoffice, then hnulcd back to the
Union station, the latter being but a
short distance from tho printing office.
An up to date plant nt the printing
office which could handle nil this would
entail nn Increased capital outlay for
permanent equipment of only about
$75,000. The recommendation for cen
tralizing the distribution or documents
from tho departments. If acted on. will
affect the appropriations of seven de
partments, five Independent establish
ments nnd the Washington postolllco.
I may say in conncotlon with this
report and recommendation that tho
house of representatives, In passing
tho agricultural appropriation bill for
tho fiscal year 1013, Instead of reduc
ing the cost of distributing govern
ment publications In tho department
of agriculture by $107,000, has increas
ed to the extent of $ia,2C0 the amount
appropriated for salaries for the divi
sion of publications over tho appropri
ation for the current year.
Outlines of Organization.
The outlines of organization of the
government, which were transmitted
with the message of Jan. 17, have been
sent to each of the departments with
a request that orders Issue which will
require that the outline be kept up to
date (appendix No. 0). This will not
only make available at all times the In
formation needed by congress or the
administration when called for and as
sist materially In the preparation of es
timates of appropriations, but will
make unnecessary the publication of
the official register, thereby saving ap
proximately $45,000 for each Issue.
Conclusion.
In submitting theso reports, with rec
ommendations, I will state that In my
opinion each of the foregoing recom
mendutlons, If acted on, will contribute
largely to Increase efficiency. Direct
ly and Indirectly the changes proposed
will result in the saving of many mil
lions of dollars of public funds. This
will leave the congress free to deter
mine whether the amount thus saved
shall be utilized to reduce taxation or
to provide funds with which to extend
activities already carried on and to
enter on beneficial projects which oth
erwise could not be undertaken for
lack of funds.
Again I urge upon the congress the
desirability of providing whatever
funds can be used effectively to carry
forward with all possible vigor the
work now well begun. The $200,000
required for the prosecution of the in
quiry during the ensuing year nnd the
$50,000 estimated for the publication
of results are Inconsiderable in com
parison with the economies which can
be realized.
WILLIAM n. TAFT.
The White House, April 4, 1012.
Eureka!
Illero, king of Syracuse, consulted
Archimedes In regard to a gold crown
suspected of having silver alloy. The
mathematician pondered long In en
deavoring to detect the fraud and still
hud the subject In bis mind when he
got Into his bath. The bath was full
and overflowed. Then the thought oc
curred to him exactly ns much wa
ter must overflow as was equal In vol
um'o to the size of bis body. Then
came another thought If he put the
crown Into a vessel of water and
weighed the overflow, then put Into
the water a piece of pure gold weigh
ing exactly as much ns the crown, the
overflow should weigh exactly as much
In one case as In tho other, provided
the crown were pure. Electrified by
the thought, he leaped from tho bath
and ran nnked through the streots,
shouting, "Eureka, eureka!" It Is
added that his test proved that the
smith had In fact cheated tho king.
The cry Is now fnmlllarly used as an
exclamation of triumph at a discovery
or supposed discovery.
The Busy Bobcat.
The wildcat of the North woods, red
lynx, bay lynx, bobcat, or whatever we
may elect to call him, says a writer
in the Outing, has been dlscrlbcd aa a
bundle of live wires actuated by the
spirit of Satan. Running up to more
than forty pounds In weight, ho Is ns
big as his finer furred cousin, the
tufted eared Canada lynx, far hand
somer nnd much more savage. I have
seen them fight dogs desperately, and
a full grown wildcat will play havoc
with a flock of sheep. But no cat has
ever been known to attack man except
In the effort to get nway when cor
nered. Some time ago I found a man
In Maine willing to swear before a no
tary that a bobcat had attacked him
without provocation, but I decided to
abide by the advice of Manly Hardy,
gone from us now, who wrote me that
a man who would swear to anything of
tho kind was a born liar nnyhow.
Spring Harbingers,
"Noticed any robins In the parks as
yet?"
"None In the parks and Tery few In
the newspapers." Washington nerald.
Roll of
HONOR
AttcrMon Is called totne 8TBENGTI
of tho
Wayne County
I M
H
311
The FINANCIER of New York
City hns published a ROLL 01
HONOR of the 11,470 State Banks
and Trust Companies of United
States. In this list the WAYNE
COUNTY SAVINGS BANK
Stands 38th in the United States
Stands lOfh in Pennsylvania.
Stands FIRST in Wavne County.
Capital, Surplus, $550.000.0
Total ASSETS, $3,G00,000.0(
Honesdale. Pa., March 25, 1911.
The Job Printing executed atl
The Citizen office bears a dls-l
tlnctlveness of Its own. Artlstlel
printers, good nross work and!
first-class paper aro requlsltssl
for A-l typography. We solicit!
your order. Work promptly!
executed.
. F. Weaver
Plans & Estimates
Furnished
Residence, 1302 EastSt.
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other can!, 48 )n, prartleal A O yr. Iletpltal Eiperlea)
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