Women Me"oc;to, , '
Men s Wages
W OrfcerS in Foundries
By EL1ZAPBTII O. EVANS, Boston
1
mN THE oufcry against Hie employment of women as core
makers in foundries, Uio most important aspect of the ques
tion is escaping attention. The allcced unsuitabilitv of the
work to a woman's dignity and strength is made prominent;
the rate of her pay is denounced ; but the effect of her compe
tition upon the standard of wages in the trade, which is really
the crux of the whole difficulty, is too little mentioned.
In and by itself, core making, which means fashioning
the mold for castings, is well suited to a woman's deft fingers,
provided she is employed only on -the smaller forms and pro
vided her work is properly supplemented by that of men to do the heavy
lifting and carrying. Indeed, the occupation is a particularly attractive
cno from the creative clement which it involves.
In the foundry which I investigated the interest which the women
appeared to take in their work was noticeable and in striking contrast to
anything I have seen in other factories, while the only things I observed
which could be legitimately criticised "were a lack of seats (which, I am
told, are supplied, in some establishments), and a tube or pipe in common
use which the women put into their mouths in spraying the material they
nro shaping.
As to wages, judging from this one foundry, they are far better than
(hose prevailing in some of the typically feminine callings. Hence, from
the point of view of the women as individuals, corcmaking would seem
to be by no means an undesirable occupation.
Nevertheless, the presence of women in foundries is a menace against
which labor is very properly aroused. It is a menace because men with a
standard wage of .$3 a day are being displaced by women who do their
work for half the WLgcs or less. And men whose wages are threatened
not unnaturally regard this feminine invasion with indignation and even
abhorrence.
But is this menace best met by trying tp drive women from the trado
and make it that much harder for some other man's sister or daughter to
cam an honest living? "Why not rather help her to get full value for her
producing power?
The competition of women in this industry is a menace because they
can be hired so cheap. And one reason they can be bought cheap is
because they sell their labor for any price offered where men have learned
take a hand in setting their own price
and to bargain collectively for that
price, to the end that one shall not g . 5-5
undersell the other. 0 -- 1 -
Many
Women
Forget
Good
Manners
We frequently hear the regret expressed
that the days of chivalry are no more. May
be, but this writer has been impressed with
the fact that, if days of masculine chivalry
have passed, ladylike and gentle manners
have diminished in accordance, and even
common courtesy has been impaired.
Half a dozen times in the last two
weeks the writer has seen men rise and
offer seats to women who were standing. In
one case the woman thanked the man kind
ly, but most of them made haste to avail
themselves of the opportunity without a
glance toward the one who offered it, to
say nothing of speaking a word of thanks. One well gowned woman, when
offered a Eeat by a laboring man whose clothes bespoke his plasterer's
trade, merely elevated her chin and gave him a withering glance by way
of acknowledgment and refusal.
Let us be glad that such instances are only exceptions to the rule,
and that the majority of women do appreciate the kindness offered them.
And may tho others realize their part in re-establishing the good
manners for which the elder days were famous.
By F. AI. Mansfield
How
Save
Money in
Europe
By Karl Bidder
The American people are prone to
waste. It is a truism that a family on tho
continent of Europe will live upon what
the average American family will throw
away.
Even in small things this Yankee dis
position to prodigality is manifest. For in
stance, the Germans, in their correspon
dence, use extremely thin envelopes, which
proves their habit of saving in minor mat
ters. The German double envelope is not
more than half as heavy as the American
envelope of equal size. The thinness of
tho paper, of course, cuts down the cost of postage, and yet the envelope
is clever and attractive, and does its work just as well as the bulky ones
in use in this country.
It would seem that so good an idea would be copied on this side of
the Atlantic, but so far no demand has been observed or else the American
envelope, makers would have busied themselves to duplicate tho foreign
article.
Tho flag being an emblem, and the
Stars and Stripes being emblematic of 'lib
erty in its broadest sense, any one under
taking to abridge tho liberty of the citizens
of this country represented by this flag
docs more to insult it than ho who tramples
it under his feet.
The defenders of the flag, tho army and
navy of the nation, first, every loyalcitizen
and believer in what tho flag stands for
caunot but feel just indignation when the
nation's honor is called in question.
It is a shame to have to admit that
there are people in our country who (to
light in ridiculing our sailors and soldiers, and they go still further and
disobey tho mandates of our courts and teach others to do so, and after
doing all this thev want to bo called respectable.
These peoplo may become bo satisfied of thoir ability to take care of
themselves and to wipe out the army and navy and tho judicial and execu
tive departments of the government that they might ,becomo a menace
to tho rest of us.
What
Is An
Insult
To Our
Flag?
By John M. Stiles
New Reception Gown
Photo, Copyright, by Underwood & Underwood, N. Y.
This fichu for Catholic receptions Is designed to be worn over low neck
sown, roado of mallne to match tho color of embroidery on gown, finished
with fringe. It is intended to overcoomo the pope's ban on low cut gowns
recently expressed in an edict from Rome.
BRACELET IS COMING BACK
With tho Elbow-Length Sleeve This
Ornament Is Almost Sure tp
Have Access of Favor.
Tho bracelet is to regain the favor
which It once held. Modern dress,
with Its popular elbow-length sleeve
for day wear, adapts itself ad
mirably to tho display of tho brace
let. This Is tho main reason why they
should become popular again.
Bracelets of fino workmanship set
with Jewels are bound to find favor.
The designs for theso are borrowed
from those of old Egypt and Persia.
Tho snako armlets which are asso
ciated with Cleppatra will bo worn.
especially with evening dress.
Heavy armlets two inches In wldta
are patterned after those worn by the
Sabine soldiers when Tarpccla cold
tho Roman city, tempted by their glit
tering glory.
Massive is most descriptive of theso
bracelets. They aro worn on tho up
per portion of tho arm abovo the elbow.
COAT OF TAFFETA,
Changeable taffeta with trimmings
of outlining, doublo ruches, la tho ma
terial of which this coat Is made. Tho
Eleeves aro set In Jargo armholes and
are In tkreo-quarter length, with turn
back cuffs edged at tho top with a
niching of taffeta, and trimmed with
taffeta covered buttons. The collar
falls over tho shoulders and is round
ed In back.
When Little Guests Come.
Although there aro no children in
my home, I always keep on hand eating
bibs, little glasses with handles, and a
littlo table-chair. You cannot imaglno
the littlo ones' delight whou they
como to tho tablo. To theso may be
added littlo plates, knives, forks, and
spoons.
I also keep on hand, for their pleas
uro, a few simple toys. In this way
I am always ready for little guests.
Woman's Home Companion.
SLEEVE POCKET FOR THE FAN
Innovation Favored by Parl9 Seems to
Presage Return of Such Re
ceptacles to Fashion.
During tho past year tho pocket has
been slowly and steadily regaining its
position In .woman's toilettes and oven
so daring an Innovation as a sleovo
pocket has now been ma4e possible.
Thl3 Is qulto the latest fashion noto
from Paris, the new form of pocket
being chiefly Intended as a receptacle
for tho tiny fan, which is so much In
veguo at present
Tho pocket is usually Inserted In the
eleevo Jnst below tho elbow, tho aper
ture being cleverly concealed with
laco or chiffon, so that Its' presence
is not even suspected until tho fair
wearer suddenly produces a miniature
embroidered fan, apparently out of
her arm.
Tho fan pocket Is to be found on
either sleeve of a smart afternoon
gown and in eomo costumes one or
other of the cuffs is frequently pro
vided with a pocket after tho came
style.
Although originally Intended only to
hold tho fan, as In China, tho sleeve
pocket has been found so convenient
that it Is also used to hold a lace
handkerchief, and thero la no doubt
that Its dimensions will Increase when
sleeves aBsumo largo proportions.
SHORT RAILROAD LINES
(.'ulimri n i'i rit nuir-n r-in
OruulHU HUulM I UIVCO flU
MANY IN THE UNITED STATES
THAT SEEM LIKE TOYS.
Needlework Note.
Damask centerpieces aro qulto tho
stylo nowadays. Many clever needle
women outline tho flowers or design
of tho damask with a dainty stitch so
as to form a border around the cir
cular piece, and with an edging of
henvy lace this makes as effectlvo a
centerpieco as could bo desired.
DamaBk, however, is by no means
cheap, but if one can mako a num
ber of such pieces from old linen with
only the trifling expense of the lace
ono can have ono of theso center-places.
Small as They Are, However, the Ma
jority Pay Handsome Dividends
According to the Capital
Invested In Them.
Of tho 1 .1 8(5 railroads In the United
States 180 aro less thnn eight miles
long. Of these on
ly twenty-nlno nro
more than seven
miles In length,
whllo twenty-flvo
Just reach that
distance. Eight
een are six miles
long, forty covor
fivo miles, sixteen
run four miles,
twenty-five three miles, nineteen two
miles and eight aro a single mile from
end to end.
Every part of tho country furnishes
specimens of theso dwarf roads, says
the Railroad Man's Magazine. Thoy
are found in mining districts and
scenic sections; they aro the handy
helpers around Industrial plants and
terminal centers; they climb moun
tains that would be Impossible other
wise.
The Johnstown and Stony Creek
Railroad, which Is only a mile long,
connects with the Pennsylvania and
tho Baltimore and Ohio in Pennsyl
vania at two points named In Its title.
Freight Is the specialty of tho road,
and In tho two years of Its cxlBtonce
it is said to havo mado a very satis
factofy financial return to its owners.
Ever hear of tho Due West Rail
road? No? Well. It's hardly to bo
wondered at, seeing that It's scarcely
three miles long and stowed In an out
of the way corner of South Carolina
Yet It has p. unique history of Its own.
The road runs from the town of Due
West to Dowell. Its construction was
the outcome of the craving of the In
habitants of Duo West for easy trans
portation to Dowell. So the people of
Duo West, In tho name of their town,
Issued $11,000 of railroad aid bonds
on behalf of the construction of the
line, which was opened for traffic In
1908.
The road was a financial success
from the start and is comfortably
paying Its way. It has neither debts
nor bonds of its own, In which re
spect It Is almost without parallel In
railroad history. Tho total cost of tho
construction of the road and Its equip
ment. Including its two locomotives'
one passenger and one baggage car. Is
said to have been less than $30,000.
Mary Leo Is the sentimental name
of a little freight railroad that runs
between East Birmingham and Boyles,
Ala., a distance of seven miles. It
connects with the Queen and Crescent
Route, Southern Railroad and tho
Louisville and Nashville Railroad.
Mary, according to published balance
sheets, Is a paying proposition.
Fulton Chain Railroad Is only two
miles In length, but this Lilliputian
lino has brought enjoyment to thous
ands of summer vacationists. It runs
from Fulton Chain to Old Forgo, N. Y.,
and is operated by the New York Cen
tral lines mainly In connection with
tho hot weather traffic. Last year It
carried D3.670 passengers; Its net
earnings were $0,019, and It had tho
comfortable little surplus of $13,341
tucked away In its Jeans.
Little Fancy Coats.
While for tho present thero are
practically only two types of the
mixed toilet, that In whloh a plain ma
terial Is seen In combination with a
striped or checked stuff, and that
which weds a littlo coat of velvet to a
skirt of cloth, tho advancing season
will see many changes rung upon this
theme.
New Bags for Old.
Wo oil havo ono or two rather
shabby leather bags. Cover theso
with velvet, buy eomo heavy silk cord
for a handle, long or short, as you
prefer, and you havo a stylish and
pretty bag. Either pasto or sow tho
velvot on. I sewed mine, and havo
found it satisfactory. Woman's Homo
Companion. 1
Monogramed Shoe Duckies.
Parisians have started the rage for
a monogramed shoo buckle, already
American dealers have becomo inter
ested. Tho Paris women are now or
dering shoo buckles with their Ini
tials or monograms done In rhlne
stones or real gems.
Wages of Railroad Men In This
uu in curope unoer uon
parlson.
In England all railroad emnlovi
termed "servants." Snnrlnl
Ames of the Interstate commerce
tnl.a nt. In.1.. . t .
...loo.vjii iuicij iiiauu u reuuri o
average wages paid to railway
ants In England, ayB tho Sam
Rod Hall. Ills report, compared
railway employes In the United S
makes Interesting readlnc. Fnt
stance;
Enslnnd 1
12 TiirdM tn
r-nginccrs , jj rj
Firemen
Conductor i i
Hrnkcmcn ,.
Switchmen , ,91
Trackmen " 91
T.-vn ... .1 n . .
1 iuiu iiiuau iicures a inir in
railway labor.
On tho railways of Bolclum.
' " " v J IUU MUI 11U1UI1L. Ill
leueive iio.zu 10 per mcnt
higher waco onlv nfter flftGon
month, and at the end of twent
years' service work up to $38 a n
conductors- earn from $17.97
month up to a maximum of X
n .. i. . 1 , .
uiancuicu uttKin as swiicnmen
Pantd lir.H .!.. 1T1 . 1
receive $17.10 ner month and wo
to $22 per month. The averaci
irancs, or 43 cents a day.
Plan Railroad Across Sahara.
A scientific mission charged with
making the first studlea for tho con
structlon of a railroad across the Sa
hara has Just set out from France
Starting from Oran, on the Mcdlter
ranean, the expedition will travel first
by rail and then by camel to tho
mountains lri the center of the Sahara
There ono party will turn west and
examine the routo of the proposed
railroad connecting tho Trans-Saharan
with tho Cape to Cairo by Lake Tchad
and tho upper Congo Valley; tho see
ond will turn east to study tho track
of tho Trans-Saharan Itself from the
center of tho desert to the Niger at
Timbuktu or Oao. Ono of tho mem
bers of tho expedition will bo Captain
Cortler, whoso earlier Journey across
tho desert to the Niger was ono of the
triumphs of Saharan exploration.
Veteran Railroad Track Walker,
Tho oldest rallroadMrack walker In
Central New York is Richard Maha
ney of Jordan, who, In twenty-eight
years of service vlth tho Now York
Central, has walked 61,100 miles. Ma
lianoy'a territory extends from a quar
ter of a mllo west of tho station n
Jordan to two and a quarter' miles
east of the station. Ho, makes ono
round trip every day of the week
Ho is sixty-three .years old.
Public Welfare In Publicity.
Tho possession of tho news, the
knowledge of the world's dally life,
thought, movement, constitutes the
most effective weapon for tho protec
tion of society. Justice ana trutn
llourlsh In tho light of publicity. In
inultv and wrong dread It and are ul
tlnmtolv cured by the influences
which flow from its illuminating rays.
Samuel Uowles.
Time to Stop Worrylnn.
When all day. every hour, every
thnm Is the dull. Insistent.
numb pain of something that makes
Itself lelt through, "uuovo and below
nil mr other thinking, we must know
that wo are worrying. Then thero Is
but oue thing to do wo must stop
that worry; we must kill it. From
Self-Control by Wiutara Ueorgo Jor
dan.
CNULUin L-Ana Ant Mill
Luxurious Sleeping Accommod
on Trains Runnlnn on I rtrll
Railroad Lines.
Ono of tho new sleeping
brought out from England in so
aryl put together at tho Central
ahnno Vina nntir Imnn -lnnn.l In
on the Singaporo Mall from
Lumpur.
ine car contains eight se)
sleeping rooms on either side
central passage. The rooms art
off from thp nnssacn hv iloora
Insuring privacy, and aro very
fortably fitted up. Each contain
berths, with spring mattressef
above tho other, a largo half
looking glass, a shut-up wasl
wiiiuu, uy uu uigeiuuus uuuiu
can be converted Into a wrltlnc
a ioiaing siuoi anu siepmuuur ii
upper berth. The rooms aro brl
1 .i m ii ii nti.1 i n it Kt. nnn nml Wfll
Mated by two windows with
gauzo screens and blinds, as w
switches for the lights and el
V. M . . IiIaI. . m 1 o n t
a number board in the corridor.
Rtripg nf tho rooms anil eorridc
paneled with English oak, whi'
bed rall3 are polished brass.
dltlon to tho bedrooms, each ca
tains lavatories and abathroom
shower bath and cupboard wit
terproof curtain for bathers' clot
Consular Report.
United States Far Ahead.
it npnnnr nn Tn iri nnnu innri
United States has much greater
nnrtntlon facilities thai. Great B
The area of this country Is 24
rhnt of rhn Tnltpil Klncdom. will
twelfth. Yet. on proportion to
Vila oniintrv hnfl nvnr twn.flftll
miles of line and one-fourth the
proportion to population, mo i
States has over five times the
of lino nnd three and one-third
the miles of track of tho United
dom.
UAVUWll WUIIIkJHI killfiitu 1WI a
On tho nearly completed r.
. , ! rUlln T n Tin- IT
above sea level, the effect of the
nirnnt nnil irrat altltuda on l
hav nir wni rr nnnnrin.u npnriR
bo counteracted by having o
compartments in tne passenger
nnca nr nnv Ji irti:i iuii ul luu iitrui
xr nnfiiitvinfr i n?st! cuiimurLi
oreatne air navjus i unuiu ii
entitle American.
Onnortunitles for Youna M
1110 uuuuikuin.a ;ub "Ji
r wtrnhln fiR thfv U'urn 1h
that, in my opinion, you maybo
ful that you are coming on the
of business activity during the
j till B t II MhV HfcllV
(Ilinnt L1v lu-ov mm ui iuw uuiuuj
r nann v . oiuii. neb ucu
York Central Railroad.
Affirmation In Advcrtialno
Affirmation' is the commonest
n.l..nl.lultirr nnrl thn loHKf limit)
Ul UU CI lat w . w . I' " " '
f .nu tltn lonct rtrrwtnntlt'
nnimn l Hill liui. uciij iuh .
tion alone if penlsted in win win
convorts. l'urcnas-rs are sunn
are convinced of its merits, bu
cauBo they are curious cone
w ipnppav in i-r
mem.- " - - -
Ink.
Largest Railway System,
Tho lurgost railway sjstc n 1
world U that of tho I nltc 1 Ma'
U 1UJ I7i 1111 HK III It II I II -V 1
Pnrmnny. Frunze ami u cat I
follow in tho order umnod.