CHURCH BUILT OF FOSSILS
Building Constructed of Blocks Hewed
-mwK q PCDAP
t-rom the Petrified Depths of a
iMearoy swamp.
Mumford. N. v. Tn
church building constructed of fossils.
At first KlnnCQ thn Wnlln ntiiu,n tn h
O f n r vs I !f nlll- II I
by Fate.
constructed of rough sandstono
. V. IU
smeared with an uneven coating of
gritty, coarse, plaster; but a closer
view shows dnllrntn
H9IMV RtlIfnnl n A nl.
leaves, lace-work of Interwoven twigs,
t-tarl nf 4h Ciif.. A . l-n.
mm ui uruKen Drancnes, fragments of
mossy bark, sbllnters
Who Won Success Against
Many Discouragements.
served against tho wasting of time
Boston, Mass. une of tho abl
v " vwtuUkv M a iu LUU Willi
IIIII1UUU UUI I IllUi
maiiiiiii uii
I IWXCjW. 1 t. IMli .nil .......mhw m-nKSRU-
1 1 1 r: -t t iv trnwaTHTTTT i mm mih i hihiiim mu i 'mpmiimhiiii
-i-'tl- ..,r" ".v",
common-sense, every-day
farmer Is fully holding
up his 'end of the respon.
sibfllty of providing a
moro orderly countryside.
Until comparatively re
cent years In mo3t sec
tions of the United
States and even yet in
many of the moro newly
settled districts, farm
fences wero considered
solely from tho stand
point of utility. This
was perfectly natural. A
homesteader establishing
an agricultural domain
or a sheep and cattle
ranch In territory recent
ly opened to settlement
has other things to think
of beside providing or
namental boundary
markers for hid acreage.
And anyway ho has
numerous heavy drains
upon his pocketbook at
such a time and prob
ably can 111 atfora to go
In for anything fancy nt
such a Juncture, oven
though he have tho
strongest Inclinations to
have everything about
the place In apple-ple or
der. These considerations
explain how It has been
that, as each section of
the United States has In
turn been settled the
pioneers have availed
themselves of the most
economical moans of In
dlcatlng boundary lines.
The farmer wants to
have his lines, as vouch
ed for by a surveyor,"
marked clearly, since
that forestall
v.uuuiu
later on and m want. . ... . .
)i. m,in. j 7 "" wi Keep cuxue, eic, out or.
It 1 T d T8043' 0Ten 11 be'baB n stock ot his
own that he wishes to restricted to a given area.
ut in the old days no farmer felt that
he could afford to lay out much money In
fixing such limitations. Almost Invariably tho
Pioneer or early settler In any community
was anxious to find material for his fences
on tho place. This will explain the al
most universal use In our whole broad farm do
main of tho old familiar type of zig-zag rail
fence. And Just here be It noted that It Is an
admirable type of fence, too. Cheap to construct,
Jf the rails be split from timber on tho place;
easy to keep In repair; substantial and enduring;
It Is calculated to yield excellent service. This
Is tho type of fence that Abraham Lincoln con
structed and Its fame may go down to posterity
through the rails which are treasured as precious
relics because ho split them.
The early settlers In stony districts, such as
New England and certain sections of New York,
Including tho famous Mohawk Valley, In many
Instances made their first fences of stone. In
this respect they wero In one sense ahead of their
times because stone fences are constructed now
adays because of their artistic and picturesque
attributes and are preferred by people to whom
expens'e is no object As a matter of fact a fence
of loose stones was never a cheap form of con
struction. On the fact of things it has always
been an extravagance as compared with the rail
fence, but the consideration that leads to Us se
lection In many localities was that the land had
to be cleared of atones ere It could be tilled It
was no moro trouble to pile the stones thus col
lected In tho form of a fence than In a pllo which
would serve no good purpose and It took less time
to thus arrange i the stones along tbo boundary
lines than to cart them to some distant dump.
So the average farmer working such land killed
two birds with one Btone, so to speak, and sot up
fences that In most localities have endured to
this day
The appearance of the wire fenco and particu
larly tho barbed wire variety mnrked a new era
In' fence building In our rural districts. Nouody
has ever contended that the average wire fence
was anything very beautiful to look upon, but It
has proven a boon to thousands of farmers In tho
west where timber was too scarce to be wasted
on rail fences and where there were no stones to
bo cleared. The wire fence has proven an even
greater boon to stock raisers, many of whom must
needs fenco large tracts and who are not disposed
to quibble over cost If they can get a fenco that
can be put up quickly and will stand hard usage.
Of course the dramatic Incidents of "wire cut
ting" days in tho cattle country proved that the
wire fence was as easy to destroy as it was quick
to build, but of course that turbulent condition Is
not one that has continued.
And while we aro on tho subject of the wire
fence It may be noted the regeneration of the
wire fenco has been one of the most marked
features of the present era of moro presentable
farm fences. The treatment that has been ac
corded many of tbo old wire fences reminds one
in Its Ingenious expedient for covering up old ma
terial with new of the scheme now sofrequently
followed In coating old brick houses with a layer
of stucco or concrete that gives them a pristine
freshness, in Bome Instances Ivy, roses, or rapidly-growing
vines of one kind or another have
been planted at frequent Intervals along a wlro
fence say at each post and In a surprisingly
short time the fence becomes a trellis for a luxur
iant growth that Is bound to charm even tbo
most fastidious person and one to whom a wire
fenco unadorned would prove a perfect eyesore.
Another present day ruse for making the wire
fence unobtrusive and yet retaining all Its virtue
as a boundary Js to have the fence serve as a
coro for a hedge. The bushes, shrubs or other
hedge-making vegetation may be planted on eith
er or both sides (alternately) of the fence and
in a few years tho presence of wire strands and
their supporting posts would be a complete sur
prise to a person who attempted to pass ibe bar
rier, so completely will they bo hidden, Indeed,
a close growing hedge reinforced by a wire fence
has a twofold value as a preventive of trespass
by man or beast and many persons of wldo ex
perience declaro that It Is the Ideal form. Tbo
hedge may be permitted to grow to any height
and there is, of course, no necessity for a farmer
to keep such a hedge trimmed In symmetrical
fashion as is done with those In tho formal gar
dens fo the rich.
The hedge, close-cropped, beautifully rounded
and with no wire fence concealed Is seen much
more frequently than formerly as one traverses
tho most traveled roads In America, Such hedges,
however, usually bespeak the indulgence of some
wealthy land holder who Is willing to spend freely
m .1 i . .
iur me buko oi appearances. Tne Invasion of the
COUntrV districts hv thin Inlnnro otnoo mnn
of means and so-called gentlemen farmers, has also
.1. . .
icuiicu iu iuo upijeurunce oi great numners of stone
and concrete walls. Of course such barriers, like
wise the Ivy-covered brick walls, are costly and par
ticularly eo wnen we taice into account tho massive
gateways which havo usually been provided In such
connection. There Is no doubt, however, that such
wans aaa mucn, in the estimation of most
sons, to tho beautv of our rural Innilsranpi
deed. It IS tllfl Wnlls find hprippa mnrn thnn nnv.
thing else which cause returned travelers to grow
tiiunuauiBuc over rural cngiana.
The iron fenco has shared in tbo stimulated
activity but the Iron fence, alike to the Btone
wall, calls for a pretty heavy outlay, although
it it is Kept painted it will endure for so many
years that It Is rendered fairly reasonable In the
long run. The picket fence, preferably painted
white or white and green, continues ,to have
many stanch friends among the farming class and
the runninn board fenrn which Is nnlrl tn Vinvn
originated In Now England has spread to many
uiuer sections oi ice country anu taKen on a row
frills suggestive of tho designs of "barred pie."
Rustic work when well done is always mighty
effective in any rural surroundings and the pic
turesque appearance of tho logs with the bark on
1b heightened by the Introduction of some bright
bued posies, Another latter day development Is
seen In the latitude now manifested In tho height
oi mo rences in tne rural districts. A generation
ago pretty much all the fences wero about the
same height Nowadays they vary greatly. In
some Instances where the fence or hedge Is pure
ly ornamental Its height is very much restricted
whereas on the other band It is not unusual to en
counter a wealthy land owner whose desire for
privacy has prompted him to erect at least In
tha ImmArilstA vlotnltv nf Ilia malllnn n R.nll
' . . " ... w.u wait
so high that a man on horseback cannot see over
iu a coraparauveiy ow stone wall surmounted
by a high Iron fence Is another form of construe-
A I At A 1 t 1. , .
uuu luui una ueeu iniruuucea extensively.
HE KNEW.
Sometimes the proverbial "small brother" proves
himself a remarkably well Informed If tactless person.--
Tbo brother of a certain confident damsel
thus recently addressed a shy and shrinking
suitor,
"Mr. .Tnnnfl. nrn vnti coiner tn mnrrv Rtntni.
. - I - B ' " - - 'Ut ,1 UlU I
Mr. Jones (blushing and disconcerted) Why,
sonnie, i er i reauy oon t Know, you Know I
Small Brother (with a giggle) That's what I
thought Well, you arel
Mumford Church.
and decay by being turned Into tho
hardest of flinty limestone. Every
block Of stonu In thn four TtrnlTa fa n
closely cemented mass of flnintv fna.
slls, literally packed and interwoven.
mere is no casic rock at all, but only
iossh libers, which clvo tha roric .
heslon and strength. Nevertheless,
tho stones aro light in weight com
pared with granite and sandstone.
The blocks were hewed from tho
petrified depths of a nearby cedar
swamp. Mumford is situated In tho
heart of tho great area of rock, once
tho bed of an ocean, known to geolo
gists as the Niagara limestone. It
crops out either in tho form of the
soft, calcarerous stone, or tho hnni
and moro serviceable blue limestone.
Tho clear, cold water which gushes
from innumerable springs or flows in
frequent brooks throughout tho Mum
ford country is alkaline from the limo
held in solution.
GERMANY'S GREAT MONUMENT
Colossal Memorial Nearlna Comnle.
tlon Is Built to Commemorate the
Battle of Leipzig.
Leipzig. Gormanv. Perhans thn
most colossal monument In all Ger
many is nearing comnletion horn.
Leipzig was the scene of three note-
wormy Datuoii two in the Thirty
Years' War and ono in tho Napoleonic
Wars. Tha monumntlt. is tn rnmmnmn.
rate the battles between the French
under Napoleon and an allied army of
Austrians, Russians. Prussians and
Swedes. Tho monument will bo dedi
cated in October, 1913, on tho battle's
centenary.
In the accomDanvlnc illustration thn
monument is shown as it will appear
when completed. Some of the clean
tic carvings ono of them fortv fnnt
nign aro already in place. Even to
Rtnfnct 1o Tr Annn Qhnm i i
nf thn Mntfnnnl CiiffVn n(,ntt
She started for Albion college, in Mi
igan, wun just 51s in her pocket.
naa earned it she had to wait
.w. vv uwn bw ua lAJiiHi:
to get her pay.
vruitiviHI IJlUlilVnUllBi 1)111. I
parents took her into Michliran
alnnnnil fa I.. r
DllinntlAM n woV. it i .1 i i
..vu.ivi .J i tJtVll LllKll UHHL1I1I1I It
men mey lived in a iocr cabin, t
rf Un.nnn 1 - .
learned to read from the naner on t
In thn nTT-M .
to tne editorials.
Mt30 QtiflTV annnf fMi. I
HtniVflrelHf tTA j
opposed to the whole plan and to
Leipzig Monument.
complete, tho monument thrills you
with its colossal dimensions It is
three hundred feet in height, but it is
built on such a mountainous scale that
Its tremendous heleht is minimi?!.
It faces the city fronting a concreted
laKe several acres in extent. A broad
boulevard will lead from it straight
Into Leipzig.
THE DIMENSIONS OF HEAVEN
Preacher Figures It to Be the Equa
or a 732,000 story
Building.
Louisville. Ky. Heaven's exact m.
mansions were figured out in tha snr-
raon of the Rev. M. E. Dodd, pastor
of a Louisville church, preached to his
conCTecatlon rocimtlv. In thn
of his sermon the preacher said:
"In Revelations, twenty-first chan.
tert sixteenth verse, nervous Chris
tians have read where thn dlmnnKlnnn
of heaven aro only 1,500 cubic miles.
Immediately they Jump at the conclu
sion that even this space will not r.n-
commodate the vast multitude of
which the Bible speaks.
"However, calculation will nhnw
that tills spaco will accommodate a
building 792,000 stories high, and it is
easy to demonstrate that such a
building would accommodate aa in
numerable multitude."
, i life" If
V,r.r. ..1J J .1.1 .
tn T,Aln VAM T-l I . 11... , ,
... .. - . - -"d urn. V. . t, 11 C J V.111
earn.
l 1r .n 1 1 XL .
ins frosty clouds upon the air. Sh
ttnl T1f fN,l 1, i. .
Ono flav elm tirna cttHni n i V.
ielt too weak to cret to th tnn
u -I'm
hwuD uu UUI VilJf D11U tVUH Hll
wui duu wuui iiwuy ana oorrowea su
UTIcjo Qliottr IU i
V. .1 i n.
W V UUHU UC1 VUUlOOi 311H I HI). Ill
ana never Knew who lent It.
Tin nlmi4- V. I 1 -r. i.
t Vl TIT orm frlnnlnhln r T" I .
Addy, a widow. Durinu tho final
" W . bUU.UU ..A.KJ. XUU Y 1.UII1V 1111
t.A 1. n .. .1 11. , , I :
homo and tho davotnd earn of m
w jiiuiuuu unu laim ftliss snnw wit
Iiai. nn n r, n 1. n l, ,.11 1 , , ,
flnlphnd hor pniiruo Qiin 4..f v,A
foro commencement, but In hor win
left Miss Shaw $1,500 for the specified
PUl'noso of taklncr a Rnrnnonn rln
Whnn Rhn wna nlnnnlni Tilo ln,,rnA1,
Mrs. Addy's father said to her:
iow. vnii win Rnpnn innr mnno
nmA It mill f " . t i ,
" - - w ,ui ii i, uiDiuuu
. ,x -. . 1 . . .
ut tiitsu, ibl iuo Bivo you iwo Donusi
uuiiub iur cecuriiY'una lena vou si.fi
on them. When you get to work you
can repay me as convenient, and
wnen u is an paia tne bonds win hn
yours again."
She did this, and hnvlncr nrnnlrort n
certain sentiment about the matter,
has dono the same nvnr nlnm hn
has left tho bonds on deposit and let
tho Interest accumulate, and they
hav6 paid the actual trnvniim
penses oi ner tnree trips to Eurona.
MISS Shaw took the madlrnl rnnran
because- during her theological course
she did missionary work in Boston.
She found, to use her own words, that
she "had nothing tho nannln wantnfi.'
Thoy did not want either har thanlncv
or her gospel. They wanted help in
tneir material lives, shn took thn mmi-
ical course in order that she might
give them free medical treatmant.
It Was as a mlsslonnrv doctor nnd
preacher In the slums of Roston that
Miss Shaw became convlncad that
there wero certain defects in an all
malo government which called for po
litical power in the hands of women.
She had nlways believed in woman
suffrage. Now she decided to work
for it. She began to speak for tho
Massachusetts Suffrage association
and from that grew her national
work.
V