PAGE 0
TUB CITIZEN, WEDNESDAY, NOV. 15, 1011.
to me ships
Plan Was Tested on Board the
North Carolina,
COMPRESSED AIR USED,
Engineer Asserts It Will Buoy Up a
Vesssl After Collision Captain
Marsh Thinks tho Method May Revo
lutionize Naval Warfare.
A method for keeping water from fil
tering ships through holes by compress-1
ed air was tested on board the Norcli
Carolina while she was In the Hudson
river during tho recent mobilization of .
warships at Now York. Captain C. C. '
Marsh, commander of the North Caro-1
Una, conducted tho experiment In per
son. Afterward he spoko enthuslastl-
cnlly of tho method. Uo says it will j
prevent vessels from going to the hot-.
torn following collisions or when lilt uy
torpedoes or mines. He thinks It will
revolutionize marine warfare.
The method does not depend ou any
device or mechanical Invention. It Is
merely an adaptation to the compart
ments of ships of the science of air
pressure as already applied to tunnel
building. The young engineer to whom
the method first occurred and who
helped Captain Marsh apply It to the
North Carolina Is W. W. Wotherspoon,
one of tho engineers of the New York
subway as well ns of tho East river
and the Pennsylvania tubes.
The method consists of sealing up
tho compartment In tho vessel when
tho hole is. Compressed air is then
forced into it through a tube, which
has already been installed and connect
ed with tho air compressors of the ves
sel, such as on a battleship are used to
expel explosive gases from guns after
firing.
Engineer Explains.
According to Mr. Wotherspoon. It
tikes only from three to twenty
pounds pressure a square inch to force
out all tho water In the compartment
to the level of the hole.
Tho trouble with putting twenty
pounds a square Inch pressure Into a
ship's compartment is that it will cause
the deck above or sides of tho compart
ment to buckle, and that is where Mr
Wotherspoou's method comes in. In
order to keep the decks and bulkheads
around tho damaged compartment from
buckling a lower pressure is used In
tho adjoining compartments. This, it
lis said, keeps tho deck above and the
bulkheads between compartments In
place.
If the water tight compartments of
vessels were always really air tight t lit?
discovery and use of the now method,
according to Captain Marsh, would not
bo so important, but water tight com
partments never aro really water tight.
No matter how tightly a compartment
Is locked up on a vessel, 'practical ex
perience always shows, according to
Captain Marsh, that the water finds
its way into other compartments just
as It did In tho case of tho ill fated
Itepublic.
"If the captain of tho Republic had
understood the method wo have tried
today and If the different compart
ments of his ship had been equipped
with the simple system of pipes, air
gauges and air compressors wo have
used tho vessel would never have
sunk." said Captain Marsh.
Assisted by .Mr. Wotherspoon Captain
Marsh tried tho experiment on a for
ward compartment on the North Caro
lina under tho protection dock. When
tho seacocks were opened and the wa
ter was allowed to rush In and fill the
compartment tho vessel listed to star
board a trifle. Compressed air was
then forced Into tho tank. In about
ton minutes after tho air pump was
Htarted there was no water In the tank.
Captain Marsh's Opinion.
Simultaneously with the exertion of
the twelve pound pressure in tho sup
posedly damaged compartment a seven
pound pressure was pumped Into all
tho surrounding compartments, thus
keeping tho decks and bulkheads safe.
A three pound pressure similarly was
exerted In the compartments next tn
thoso in which the seven pound pres
sure was used.
"This new method will revolutionize
the business of ship saving," said Cap
tain Marsh. "When I applied to the
navy department recently to bo allowed
to try out tho method I asked It to
send mo some pipes and air gaugofi, so
that I could connect every compart
ment on my vessel with tho air com
pressing plant.
"When I mas making tho experiment
this morning tho attention of the man
at tho air gaugo wandered for a min
ute, and a few too many pound3 pres
sure got into ono of tho compartraeuts.
Tho result was that tho deck above be
gan buckling and would havo burst had
tho sailor not noticed what was hap
pening and given the signal to turn tho
pressure off.
"Every battleship In tho navy can
raako Itself practically unslnkablo by
applying to Washington for $125 worth
of supplies In tho shape of pipes and
gauges. This now method will permit
us In a naval action or after a collision
to repair all holes beneath the water
line from tho Inside."
Harvard Plans Great New Library.
Plans for a new library building at
Harvard to cost $2,000,000 and provide
shelving room for 2,400,000 volumes
havo been drawn by direction of it
onimlttot) of the board of overseers.
ABOUT PATENTS.
There Is no special statute cover
ing tho uso of tho stamp "Patent
Applied For" or "Patent Pending."
The mark simply means that an ap
plication has been actually filed in
tho Patent Office. It does not affect
an Inventor's rights before tho Pat
ent Office to manufacture and market
his Invention after the application is
filed and before the patent is grant
ed, but tlioro Is no real protection
against Infringers until tho patent
has actually Issued.
Will it Pay to Take a Patent?
As a general rule, an Invention Is
worth little or nothing until tho pat
ent Is obtained; and until then, no
ono is likely to buy. Therefore, the
first thing to be considered, the first
step to ho taken, is to obtain tho
patent.
Tho extent of profit frequently de
pends upon the business capacity of
the inventor or his agent. One man
by his activity will mako a fortune
from an unpromising improvement,
while another, possessing a brilliant
Invention, -will realize little or noth
ing, owing to 'incompetence.
In speaking of this subject, In an
official report, a chief examiner of
the Patent Office says: "A patent, if
It is worth anything, when properly
managed, Is worth and can easily be
sold for from one to fifty thousand
dollars. These remarks only apply
to patents of ordinary or minor
value. They do not include such as
the telegraph, the planing machine,
and tho rubber patents, which aro
worth millions each. A few cases of
the first kind will better Illustrate
my meaning.
"A man obtained a patent for a
slight Improvement in straw cutters,
took a model of his invention
through tho Western States, and af
ter a tour of eight months return
ed with forty thousand dollars In
cash or its equivalent.
"Another Inventor in about fifteen
months made sales that brought him
sixty thousand dollars, his Invention
being a machine to thrash and clean
grain. A third obtained a patent
for a printing Ink, and refused fifty
thousand dollars, and finally sold It
for about sixty thousand dollars.
"These are ordinary cases of min
or Invention, embracing no very
considerable Inventive powers, and
of which hundreds go out from the
Patent Office every year. Experi
ence shows that the 'most profitable
patents are thoso which contain very
little observer of little value."
Tho Goodyear Rubber patents, the
Sewing Machine Patents, tho Bell
Telephone patents, have brought
many millions of dollars to their
owners, and are notable Instances of
the extraordinary value of simple In
ventions, when of such a nature as
to enter extensively Into the require
ments of the general public.
Minor contrivances of less uni
versal need are still, in some cases,
of great worth. An example Is seen
In Dr. Higgln's Sliding Thimble for
umbrellas. This is a little contriv
ance for pushing umbrella springs
and protecting the fingers. The doc
tor states he received more than one
hundred thousand dollars in cash as
royalties from his patents. He se
cured American, English, French,
German, and other patents at a
small cost. His foreign patents havo
proved especially profitable.
Tho foregoing and other instances
are significant in showing that good
business management Is an essential
element in effecting the introduction
and sale of a patent. It is, there
fore, often advisable to transfer a
share or interest In the patent to
some business acquaintance for the
purpose of forwarding the introduc
tion of the invention.
How and What to Invent.
Inventors, attracted by the adver
tisements of lists of "Inventions
wanted," send for such lists and pro
ceed to work on suggestions therein
contained, with the glittering pros
pect of a quick sale and Immediate
wealth, little thinking that many of
the suggestions are old; some of the
devices already patented, and the
rest, for the most part, things that
are not. In demand.
This Is only a scheme to secure
patent fees. The Inventor has made
great progress when lie has found
a real chanco for invention. Ordin
ary common sense teaches that no
one having valuable knowledge of
Inventions wanted would bo likely to
give such knowledge away freely.
Often there aro developments in an
Industry which come to public notice,
demanding new Inventions.
The way to invent is to keep
thinking; and to thought add practi
cal experiments. Examine things
about you and study how to im
prove them. Note all defects In the
objects of everyday use about you,
and see it you cannot devise some
means of overcoming these defects.
Many opportunities may be taken
advantage of by noting what Is sell
ing well In your neighborhood, or
what Is In general use or coming in
to use. Try to keep well informed
of what Is noing on.
Hints on tho Sale of Patents.
No sooner does any person's name
appear in print as tho patentee of a
new invention, than he receives "by
mail a shower of letters and circu
lars from a gang of patent knaves.
The patentee is invited, If he wants
to realize Immediately, say ono
thousand, two thousand, or ten
thousand dollars, to send forward to
the agent a small advance feo. Thus
instead of helping the patentee to
obtain money, they begin by drawing
money from him; upon this they
live and flourish. We aro often ask
ed If these impostors, who so press
lngly and plausibly claim to be able
to sell patents, aro reliable, and
whether they evor effect sales. We
regret to be obliged to say they are
unreliable, and wo are unable to
learn of their making any sales.
There are about twenty-five thous
and new patentees every year, from
many of whom these patent sale
agents obtain money under false
pretenses. They busy themselves In
writing letters to Inventors and in
working them up to the remitting
point, but havo no time loft for the
drudgery of patent-selling, oven if
thoy had any ability in that dlrec
tlon. There Is no trickery too low
for some of these sellers, and no end
to the falsehoods they tell! Another
popular method of extracting fees
from the unwary is to propose the
formation of a -stock company. The
Inventor Is written to and advised
that his invention possesses much
jncrlt and would sell well if placed
on tho market, but that the first
step to take Is the formation of a
company and tho issuing of stock. It
Is ingeniously sot forth that tho
stock cannot bo sold until the com
pany has been duly Incorporated,
and tho Inventor Is dazzled by tho
large sum suggested as a proper
capitalization of the company, which
may vary from ?100,000 to ?5,000,
000, according to the nature of the
Invention. The Inventor Is general
ly Induced to part with his patent
and Is paid in the stock of the com
pany. Tho object of the wholo com
edy Is to Induce the inventor to em
ploy tho services of a "lawyer" to se
curo tho Incorporation of the com
pany. The fee for this service Is
from ?100 to ?250, while the actual
outlay on tho part of the "lawyer" is
only a small fraction of this amount.
After the company has once been
formed the Interest of the promoter
or "banker" suddenly languishes,
and the Inventor awkes to discover
that ho has transferred his patent to
a phantom company, and that he has
received in payment of samo an
elaborately engraved stock certificate
which is about as valuable as the
paper upon which it is printed. The
only gainer by the transaction Is tho
promoter and his colleague, the
"lawyer," who has attended to tho
Incorporation of the company. If
such a proposition is made to the in
ventor, he can generally test the sin
cerity of the promoter by Insisting
upon part payment being made in
cash.
If the invention Is one, of import
ance in the arts, or of Buch a nature
that Its originality and usefulness
are seen at a glance, evidently an
swering to a public want, the paten
tee will bo able, without much ef
fort, to make advantageous arrange
ments for the legltlmato sale and
Introduction. Such are quick-selling
patents.
With the slow-selling patents the
case Is different. There Is no easy
and royal road to the sale. It re
quires active effort and constant at
tention until it is effected. In gen
oral tho patentee himself Is the hest
selling agent, for ho Is familiar with
tho merits of the Invention.
To make the merits and import
ance of tho improvement publicly
known oKen effects the sale of a pat
ent. This may be done In various
ways: by advertisements In newspa
pers, by cards, circulars, pamphlets,
etc., by local and traveling agents.
Advertising should be done by the
patentee, In his own name and ad
dress. He thus makes tho invention
known to the public, receives tho di
rect benefit of all replies, and his
money does not go Into the pockets
of swindlers.
The license and royalty plan Is of
ten a most profitable method of em
ploying patents. This, in effect, In
volves a sort of contract between a
patentee and a partner or manufac
turer, by which the latter. In consid
eration of license to make tho thing,
agrees to pay to the patentee a speci
fied sum upon each article made or
sold.
In some cases an excellent method
Is to commence the manufacture of
the article In a suitable locality, and
when it Is so far under way to ex
hibit progress and merit, then to
sell out the business with license un
der the patent. This method is of
ten very remunerative.
The patentee may subdivide his
patent into as many different classes
of rights as he chooses, and sell each
class by separate agents or other
wise, as he prefers.
Too Pretty a Lake For That.
"China gave me many a shock," said
the returned traveler, "but the one that
nearly carried ine oil' was administered
in the Fuchau district. Out in the
country I came across a beautiful little
lake drained by a beautiful little river.
The scenery was marred somewhat,
however, by signs stuck up every few
yards at tho edge of tho lake. I won
dered what their Import was, and on
one of my trips to tho lake I took a
missionary friend along to translate.
" 'Oh, that,' said he. 'Thero are not
many of them left in this district. That
is a warning that girls must not be
drowned In this lake.'
"Somehow I could never admire my
beautiful lako so much after that, al
though maybo I ought to have admired
It more." Now York Press.
Ponies and Horses.
I havo been asked a great many
times if ponies aro really more Intel
ligent than full sized horses. They
certainly appear to be. Hut tho in
telligence of any horse will develop
under petting and human compan
ionship, und thero is no doubt that
other horses, if given tho samo privi
leges that ponies enjoy and if their
size admitted of their being handled
and managed In tho samo way, would
provo equally intelligent. Outing.
Sheer Waste.
Wife John, is thero any poison In
tho house? nusband Yes. But why
do you ask? Wife I want to sprinkle
Homo on this pleco of nngel cake and
put It where tho mice will get It.
Wouldn't that kill them? Husband
Sure, but it isn't necessary to waste
tho poison.
Stretches Politeness.
The Duchess of Blankshlro (who has
made a poor drive) A little 'too much
to tho right, I'm afraid. Obsequious
Professor (who Is Instructing tho Duch
ess) Oh, not at all, your grace; the
holo has been cut too much to the
left.-Golf Illustrated.
Variety.
Blodds I uever knew a woman so
changeable ns Mrs, Dashaway.
Slobbs I know It. She never even
wears the same complexion twice."
Philadelphia Record.
One Way,
Wigwag I never knew such a fel
low as BJones! Ho is always looking
for trouble. Henpecke Then why
doesn't he get married?
YOUR SMART SUIT.
Fashion Approves Striped
Fabrics This Winter.
niionnD suit or alack amd white
8TRIHKD CLOTH.
Paris is mad over stripes. Even fur
coats have the pelts cleverly arranged
to give a striped effect, and for tailor
ed wear two toned wool mixtures
showing a stripe In tho wcavo nro
much more fashionable than plain
cloths.
Tho black and whito striped? suit il
lustrated with an oversklrt over a
black velvet petticoat and coat trim
mings of white cloth and black velvet
Is the last cry In French chic.
How They Manage It In London.
Ostrich plumes aro as much of a ne
cessity to the London coster girl on
her outings ns aro tho pearl buttons
to her masculine companion, and tho
big trimmed hats with their drooping
feathers are familiar In all gatherings
of this class. Many of the girls can
not afford to keep their money tied up
in useless plumes", and thero thrives a
brisk industry in tho hiring of thoso
feathers. The loan of a Blnglo plume
for a day costs a quarter, or for a dol
lar a gorgeous trio may be had for an
outing, to be returned promptly tin
next morning.
Weather conditions cause the- terms
to fluctuate somewhat, since a wet or
foggy dny will tako tho curl out of
the feathers and make recurllng nec
essary, for which 'Arrlct has to pay
an extra quarter. Tit-Bits.
Here's Way to Sew Hooks and Eyes.
To bow on hooks and eyes evenly
take needle Just the length of tho dis
tance apart you want your hooks.
Make eyes with double thread by tak
ing two stitches nt samo place with
tho width of tho hook, buttonhole the
sMtch and run needle between tho ma
terial Just the length of the needle to
mako tho next, and so on. Sew on
hooks a needle length apart and you
havo them all even.
Gown For tho Older Woman.
This rich costume was worn recent
ly by tho grandmother of a bride at a
fashionable wedding. The black satin
shaped drapery on tho skirt keeps the
oosvcun of hijack embhoidehed in '
quat.
lines of tho costume straight and nar
row without being too extreme in ef
feet. The bodice with Its embroidery
of gray silk and small whito beads
opens over a chemisette of folded
white tulle.
Suicides In Ancient Times.
In ancient times the offending hand
of a suicide was burned apart from
the suicide's body as a special mark
of disgrace.
Palmistry.
Palmlsry was practiced by tho an
cient Greeks.
Acid Fruits.
Acid fruit should not be eaten with
food rich hi starch, such as bread and
milk, cereals and meat They com
bine well, however, with vegetables
and other fruits.
Weather Predictions.
Nostradamus, French physician and
astronomer, born in 1533, was tho first
to, publish almanacs containing pre
dictions of the weather.
Pythagoras.
Pythagoras first adopted the title ot
philosopher In f28 B. O.
Lace.
Lace was known in Venice at an ear
ly period. It was not unknown to tho
Greeks and Romans. To protect tho
native article its importation into Eng
land was prohibited in 14S3.
Horseshoeing.
Horseshoeing was Introduced In 1000
by British King William 1.
Low Lying Holland.
In Holland one travels by railway
through an agricultural country as
flat as n lake, with the land below the
level of tho ocean and In some sections
lower than the rivers.
Advertise in The Citizen
G We wish to secure a good
correspondent in every town
in Wayne county. Don't be
afraid to write this office for
paper and stamped envelops.
Piles! Files S Piles!
Williams' Indian Pile Ointment will euro
Blind, Bleeding and Itching Piles. It ab
sorbs the tumors, allays Itching at once,
acts as a poultice, gives instant relief.
Williams' Indian Pile Ointment Is pre
pared for Piles and Itching of the private
pirts. Druggists, mail DOo and $1.00.
WILLIAMS MFG. CO.. Props., Cleveland, Ohlc
roll SMjE BY
O. O. JABWIN.
W. C. SPRY
BEAOHLAKE.
AUCTIONEER
HOLDS SALES ANYWHERE
IN STATE.
. M u -- wuil A .
AwgelaWePreparationforAs
slmilaiing iheFoodaMRefjula
ling (lie StomacasaMBmtlsor
Promotes DigestionJCrraFul
ncss und Rest.Contains neither
OpiuniIorphinc nor Mineral.
NotNarcotic. j
Pmpiia Seed"
IhditlliSdls
AvstSttd Him Seed
Ctanfled Sugar
hhtBtfien llmr.
Aperfect Remedy for Conslipa
Hon , Sour Stonrach.Dlarrtaa
Facsimile Signature of
NEW YORK.
buarantc ed utulcr tl
Food
Exact Copy of Wrapper.
FOR
R ESU LTS
r
JUStPH N. WELC
Fire
Insurance
iiu iii.iii ill r . i 1 1 1 1 1 :i 1 1
Agency in Wayne County,
Office: Second floor Masonic Buih
itify. nrpr fl. fl. .Tnilxrin'o rlmn ed..
TT. 1 1
xiunsuuie.
M. LEE BRAMAN
Riiss for Everv Trnln jin
Town Calls.
Horses always for sale
Boarding and Accomodation
for Farmers
PromDt and oolite attentin
at all times.
ALLEN HOUSE BARN
I MARTIN CAUFIELD
Designer and Man
ufacturer of
S
g Office and Works
1036 MAIN ST.
1 HONESDALE, PA.
II
For Infants and Children.
The Kind You Have
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iver
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THK etHTAUn OOUFANT, HCW YORK CITT.
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HONESDALE, PA.
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