THE CITIZEN', FRIDAY, AUGUST 18, 1011.
CENTER OF
POPULATION.
Exact Spot Is Farm En Monroe
County, !nd.
S. H. STEVENS LIVES THERE,
In 120 Years the Center Has Moved
Only Nineteen Minutes In Latitude
and Nine and One-half Degrees In
Longitude How It Is Determined.
The civilization of the United States
turns around Samuel II. Stevens and
his farm in Monroe county, lud., four
miles Boutii of Unlonvlllo and eight
miles east of Bloomlngton, or, in oth
er words, about sixty miles from In
dianapolis, in the southwestern part
of the state.
How They Figure It.
The manner of finding the center of
population Is to the lay mind compli
cated. Statisticians declare that It Is
perfectly simple, only lengthy. Hero
it is, that the reader may decide about
It:
The geographers call the center of
population the center of gravity of
tho population of the country. By
this they mean that they get at it very
much as one would find tho center of
gravity of a substance which was uni
form in texture and weight. They in
clude in tho problem only tho mother
land. Alaska, the Philippines and
Hawaii are not in It
The first thing is to take a tentative,
point for a center, and this is usually
the old center. Then every square de
gree of tho country is counted up and
multiplied Into its distance from the
tentative or trial center. The popula
tion of everj square is assumed to be
at tho center of the square, except
where a large city would manifestly
throw tho center Of gravity of tho
square off from the center. A consid
erable body of water or an uninhabit
ed mountain rango would also compel
n modification of the calculation. In
such cases tho center of the square is
estimated as nearly as can be.
All computations are made from tho
most accurate government maps, and
the scale is carefully observed The
shortest distances of the center of each
square from the meridian nnd the par
allel passing through the trial center
are taken and multiplied Into the popu
lation of tho square. Tho result Is
called a "moment," and tho sum of all
of these north of the parallel Is found,
and tho sum of all the moments re
lated to tho meridian to tho east or
west of it is determined. Their differ
ence divided by the population of the
whole country gives a correction to the
latitude of the trial center, and in like
manner tho correction for tho longitude
is obtained for the assumed center.
Moves Steadily Westward.
Tho center of population has moved
thirty-one miles westward since 1000.
The course of empire still holds stead
ily the old direction. Ten years ago it
was six miles southeast of Columbus,
the county seat of Bartholomew coun
ty, Ind.
From the year 1700 it has moved
westward close along the thirty-ninth
parallel. In that year it was twenty
three miles east of the city of Balti
more. Ten years later It had made a good
sized jump and was eighteen miles
west of Baltimoro without having va
ried north or south.
Ten years later, in 1810, it had reach
ed a spot forty miles northwest by
west of Washington. This was a
southwesterly direction from the ear
lier centers, which was due to tho an
nexation of tho vast territory of Louisi
ana, with its considerable population.
In 1820 It was at a point sixteen
miles north of Woodstock, Va. The
settlement of Mississippi, Alabama and
Georgia had had Us influence on its
southerly trend.
In 1830 the center had moved on into
what Is now West Virginia nnd was
nineteen miles southwest of tho town
of Moorofleld. It was still being drawn
to the south. Florida had been added
to tho United States, and the settle
ment of the southern states had been
going on rapidly.
In 1S40 It was sixteen miles south of
Clarksburg; in 1850 it was twenty
three miles southeast of Parkersburg,
Texas having had some effect in draw
ing it southward. In 18C0 it had gone
slightly northward and was twenty
miles south of Chllllcothe, O.
Eighteen hundred seventy fouud it
forty-eight miles east by north of Cin
cinnati, this direction resulting from
the devastation of tho south by the
civil war.
Crossed the Ohio River.
By 1880 it again had turned south
ward, crossing tho Ohio river Into Ken
tucky to a point ten miles west of Cin
cinnati. The year 1800 fouud it going slightly
to tho north again with tho rapid set
tlement of tho northwest, large imml
' gration and tho development of tho
state of Washington. It was then ten
miles east of the town of Columbus,
Ind.
Tho opening of Oklahoma and Indian
Territory and immigration into Texas
In tho decade ending In 1000 moved
tho center a little over fourteen miles
to tho point six miles southeast of Co
lumbus. In the 120 years since tho first cen
sus the center has moved only nine
teen minutes in latitude while it has
changed its longitude nlno and one
half dctrreo. or 000 miles In all.
The Punlo of tho Press.
There used to In- an uj;ed elevator
man who opernied urn- of the lifts In
tho house wing of the cupito:. Most
of his passeumjix wore elf her repre
sentatlvcs or newspaper eorre.souil
cnts. The old uinn got to know all
of the correspoiidi'iiis very well niit.
always hud u che.'ilul greeting for
them. It was often noticed, loo. t tint
he seemed to be greatly Interested in
their conversation
One afternoon, as three of them stop
ped out of the elevator, Sereuo Payne
of New York stepped In. As the car
went down the old elevator man turn
ed and said:
"Mr. Payne. 1 can't understand
about those newspaper men. They
puzzle me."
"What's tho trouble with themV"
asked Mr. Payne.
"Well, Mr. Payne, every day they
ride In this car one feller will turn
to another und say, 'What do you
know today?' And the other fellow
will answer. 'Not a thing. What
do you know?" Then the first feller
will answer, 'Nothing.' And yet, Mr.
Payne, the papers nre just full of
news every day. It beats me where
they got It"
"It beats me too." said Mr. Payne.
Brooklyn Eagle.
Old Time Strawberries.
Strawberries have Improved vr.
much In flavor since the fifteenth cen
tury. Until then the only strawlier
rios eaten wore wild strawberries of
a kind which would never find a mar
ket nowadays. By 1480. however, they
were beginning to bo cultivated, for
Ilollnshcd records under that date n
particularly fine crop grown by thp
bishop of Ely in tho grounds of hi
palace, now covered by Hatton garden,
He quotes the Duke of Gloucester
saying to the bishop: "My lord, you
have very good strawberries in your
garden In Holborn. I require you to
let us have a mess of them." This
speech wn copied almost verbatim by
Shakespeai in "Richard III." Still,
even the bishop's fruit would not up
peal much to modern connoisseurs, for
the garden strawberries at that perl'.d
were only transplanted wlldllngs, the
plants being sold at about fourpenoe
a bushel. London Standard.
Origin of the Piano.
Tho pianoforte was directly evolved
from the clavichord and the harpsi
chord. In 1711 Sclpioue Maffcl gave
a detailed account of tho first four In
struments, which were constructed by
Bartolommeo Chrustoforl. It was
named by him the pianoforte and was
(list exhibited In 1700. Marius. lu
'ranee, exhibited harpsichords, witli
hammer action. In 1710, nnd Schroter
in Germany, claimed to have Invent
ed the plnnoforte between 1717 nrd
1720. Marius was at first generally
credited with the invention. Pianos of
that period were shaped very much
like tlie modern grnnd variety. The
first square piano was constructed by
Frederlca. an organ manufacturer of
Saxony. In 1758. The first genuine up
right piano was invented In England
and the United States by John Isaac
Hawkins, an Englishman, in 1800.
Detroit Free Press.
The First Money.
Money Is mentioned ns a medium ot
exchange In Genesis, chapter 23. aud
is supposed to refer to a time as far
hack as 1S00 B. C. Tho coinage of
money is ascribed to the Lydlans. a
people of Asia Minor. It Is, of course,
quite Impossible to fix any definite date
for the first coinage. Long before any
one thought to coin money It was made
out of any durable substance that came
to hand, such as leather, iron, tin,
bronze and even the hard bark of the
trees and stones of tho fields. Tin
Hollander, so late as tho middle of the
sixteenth century, made money of
pasteboard. In fact, pretty nearly ev
erything In the shade of lasting mate
rial has at one time or another been
used as the medium of trade known us
tuonev
Suiting the Action to the Word.
At a lecture a well known authority
on economics mentioned the fact that
In some parts of America tho number
of mou was constantly larger than
that of women, and he added humor
ously, "I can therefore recommend to
tho ladles to emigrate to that part."
A young lady who was seated In one
of the last rows of tho auditorium got
tip and. full of Indignation, left tin
room rather noisily, whereupon the
lecturer remarked, "I did not mean
that It should be done In such a hur
ry." Judge.
White Specks In Butter.
White specks In butter are some
times simply fine particles of milk
curd, resulting from lack of care In
skimming. Sometimes they nre small
specks of dried cream, having been
scraped from tho sides of the pan and
being too dry to thoroughly soften and
mix with tho rest.
On the Spur of the Moment.
"Waiter, these eggs aro as hard as
n stone. I told you not to boll them
more than throo minutes and a half."
"Yes, sir; that's just tho time they
were In to a second, but tho aw wa
ter was hard, sir." Chicago Tribune.
Doing and Thinking.
Mamma Bessie, why don't you wash
the dishes? It is easier to do a thing
than to sit and think about It Besslo
Well, mamma, you wash tho dishes,
ind I'll sit and think about It
Could Help Her.
Fussy Lady Patient I was suffering
so much, doctor, that I wanted to die.
Doctor You did right to call me in,
dear lady. London Opinion.
What kind of paper resembles a
sneeze? Tissue.
FOR THE CHILDREN
Knocking the Head Trick.
Do you desire me, ladles, to teach
you my secret for making Impromptu
verses? It Is to rub your forehead
well, not with the hand as Horace did
of old, but by giving your head some
good sound blows against the wnll.
Then proceed to knock your head three
or four times against a door and put
your hand to your forehead as If to
deaden tho pain produced by the vlo
lenco of the blows. But you must do
(something mono than merely touch the
door with your head. At tho same mo
ment that yow make tho movements us
if knocking yourself, you ward off the
blow by tho nld of the left hand held
to the door about tho spot which you
appear to strike, while the closed right
hand, concealed from tho nudlonce,
strikes on tho other side of the door.
The correspondence of tho move
ments of the head with tho noiso of
the blows given by the clinched fist
produces a perfect illusion on the
minds of the spectators.
Froiickers of the Sea.
The merry dolphins havo a peculiar
murmuring cry, and when the sailors
hear it they say tho dolphins aro talk
ing together. Of all the creatures of
tho sea those show tho greatest exu
berance of animal mirth. Often they
nre seen by ships' passengers in the
Mediterranean and the northern At
lantic ocean frolicking nnd leaping
from the surface of tho sea with a
thousand graceful motions. Now they
leap with curved bodies many feet
into the air, then they drag through
tho waves rapidly, leaving a slender
wake of whitening foam under the
water. The dolphin is not moro than
sis or eight feet long. The body ta
pers toward tho tall, which is shaped
liko a crescent. It has a beak about
six Inches long and a crescent shaped
blowhole, with horns turned backward.
It is whlto on tho back, grayish on the
sides and white beneath.
About the Moon.
The bright side of tho moon always
is turned toward tho sun whether the
sun is visible to us or not. So we
should expect that if tho moon is less
than full a line joining the center of the
moon nnd the center of her illumi
nated edge would always point toward
the sun while the cusps or horns of the
moon' in her first or last quarter would
point away from the sun. But if we
come to watch the moon wo shall find
that tho position of the cusps often Is
different from what we had expoctcd.
For instance, the sun may be well be
low the horizon, yet the horns may be
turned a little downward and the cen
ter of tho bright edge a little upward.
Tha Bargain .Counter.
This is a good test of memory as
well as observation. The bargain
counter may bo a tabloin tho middle
of the room. On tho counter place a
number of articles toys, books. vnsos,
any small objects at hand.
One child is chosen to take charge of
tho shop, and a secoud one, after care
fully looking over the collection to uo
tlce nnd remember every article, leaves
tho room. While he Is absent a third
person selects and hides one of the
pieces. When tho second child Is call
ed in he must try at one guess to say
which of the articles was sold lu his
absence. If he guesses correctly he
may be the next shopman.
Tree Puzzlers.
What is the double tree? Pear.
What tree is nearest the sea? Beech
Namo the languishing tree. Pine.
What is tho chronologlst's tree?
Date.
What tree is adapted to hold shirt
waists? Box.
What tree will keep you warm? Fir.
What is the Egyptian plague tree?
Locust.
What is tho tree we offer friends nl
meeting and parting? Palm.
Tho tree found in churches? Elder.
Tho fiery tree? Burning bush.
Tho tree used in wet weather? Rub
ber. Tho tree that protects from the fierce
heat of tho sun? Umbrella. Philadel
phia Ledger.
Some Old Proverbs.
A blind man Is no Judge of colors.
Fierceness Is often hidden beneath
beauty.
There Is often anger In a laugh.
A dress often hides a deceiver.
A foolish word is folly.
Hop consoles tho persecuted.
The well fed forget the hungry.
Idleness Is tho fool's desire.
Next of the Grebe.
Tho grebe, or dipper, although awk
ward on land, is an expert diver aud
has the power of remaining long under
water and thrusting out tho bill for
a supply of air. Tho llttlo grebe build?
a floating nest, which she removes at
the approach of danger, paddling it
with one foot.
Lions Like Lavender.
Lion tamers frequently perfume
themselves with lavender. There is.
It la said, no record of a lion ever hav
ing attacked a trainer who had taken
tho precaution of using this perfume.
Filling tho Sugar Bowl.
I Ilk to help Susan by filling the bowl
With sugar so white and sweet, you
know:
I put tn a lot
And pat It all down
And make It so smooth and neat, you
know.
With never a hump
Or elgn ot a lump1,
Tor tha lumps I always da eat, you know.
BE WISE; STICK TO FARM.
It Stands For Everything Attractive,
Wholesome and Profitable.
For the restless boy or girl who
wants to go away from the farm and
get out Into the big world to do some
thing, no better bit of earnest reading
can bo fouud than this extract from
tho New York Independent.
"Tho now farm children." It says,
"live a third dispensation. The sclem cs
began to take hold of the land at least
fifty years ago, but there was an off
clearing necessary. The transition
period was protracted, mainly because
tho land was already In possession of
n race of farmers that must die off.
"Tho agricultural college applied the
sciences to tillage and to crops nnd to
animal life on tho farm twenty-five
years ago. it was slow work, not
only to awaken tho farmer, but to in
vestigate, discover, and then to apply.
Tho ago is now rapidly falling into the
hands of men who nre alive to the
great fact that production has never
yet approached its maximum. The or
chard has nil this while, thanks to
moths and caterpillars, become more
nnd more an entomological laboratory.
Gradually it has came about that not
a thing can be grown on the land
without a fight This has not by any
means been n permanent loss, but has
wakened n spirit of scientific examina
tion and determination to master con
ditions. The microscope and the cru
cible are as necessary today as the
plow and tho hoe. Tho farm boy Is
not without stimulus, nor is he with
out interesting conditions; rather It
will now take the brighter boys to do
the farming.
"The development of farm machin
cry and the application of new forces
on the land have gone on at the same
time. In every department of the
home, in the house, as well as in the
barn, machinery takes the place of
men, and tho help problem is now
driving us to a still more complete age
of mechanism.
"There is no lot on earth so enviable
today as that of an American farm
boy or girl. They have room, fresh air.
beautiful surroundings, while tho arts
nnd sciences aro involved in their
work, and isolation is absolutely aboi
ished.
"Nothing can bo gained any longer
by quitting the farm. It stands for
everything that is attractive, whole
some and profitable; but at the same
time it stands for the new and tho
stimulating. Country life cannot bo
made dull, unless It wilfully severs
Itself from advantages that are freely
offered."
WILD MUSTARD GREAT PEST,
Not Useful Like Its Eatable Cousins,
but an Indefatigable Menace.
About as troublesome a weed as
the farmer tho world over has to deal
with is the charlock or wild mustard.
It is prolific in the extreme and, uulike
its black and whlto cousins, is not ouiy
worthless, but harmful. About the
only way to control It is to use a spray
HrilAYEli TO DKSTnOY WEEDS.
made up of cither a 2 per cent solution
of copper sulphate or n 15 per cent
solution of iron sulphate. The quantity
needed is from fifteen to twenty gal
lons to tho acre, and American grain
growers go after it with a sort of
watering cart.
It is particularly obnoxious in wheat
fields, not only choking growth, but
making the harvesting of the crop a
matter of great difficulty.
Creek an Ideal Farm Hand.
A wideawake farmer noticed that his
creek, if dammed at a certain place,
would produce a six foot wnterfall
Ho built a dam and put In a water
wheel-a $800 turbine that yielded
twenty-five horsepower. Over the
water wheel ho built a powerhouse in
which ho placed a dynamo for the
water wheel to run. Tho electricity
was wired 1,700 feet to tho farm build
ings. I Then ho put his electricity to work
in every possible place about tho prem
ises, no heated aud lighted the house,
did tho cooking nnd the washing and
Ironing, did tho sweeping and dustiug,
beat eggs and nt three different
speeds too turned the ico cream f reez
er and in summer ventilated tho hoir-,p
with fans.
Now with a vacuum milking ma
chine he milks twenty cows, two nt n
time; drives tho cream separator,
churns, pumps water into every room
in the house and into tho stall pf each
horse nnd cow, drives lathes and drills
In a workshop, drives a circular saw
to cut cordwood nnd drives an ensilage
cutter. It pays to be up to date.
fnTn..T..T..t..f..T..T ..f..TMf..T..f..T..f..T..T.
fVVl I I I I i I I 4 1 i 1 I I"l . jj
THE MONEY MAKING MULE.
The mule Is a 6lavo animal. At
two years he Is ready to do con
siderable work and will from
that age on make a profit over
and above his feed and expense
bill In tho value of his labor and
at tho same time be growing
more valuable until four or five
T years M, at which age he will
command tho top or the market
T tn his age class.
t I t,iti,l.i.,IJ.I.M-M-I..T..T.T.,l, t A, t it..T.l
Origin of Foxe'a "Book of Martyrs."
Foxo's "Book of Martyrs" was pub
lished in March. I(i:2. as the "Actca
nnd Monuments" of the martyrs, a
title borrowed from an earlier book,
says tho Loudon Chronicle. The fa
mous volume might never have ap
peared at nil but for the association of
Foxo with the printer Day of Alders-
gate street. In whose business Foxo
took an active part On tho tomb
stone of Day In the church of Llttlo
Bradley. Suffolk, the partnership Is
thus Immortalized:
lie et a Fox to wrlght how martyrs runne
By death to lyfe: Fox ventured paynen
and health
To give them light: Daye spent In print
ma wealth
Even In those days the alien prob
lem troubled ludustry. for we find
Foxo nppeailug to Cecil to relax tho
low and permit his friend Day to en
gage more than four foreign printers.
Iron In Plants.
Iron Is tlie substance which gives
the green iirpcaranee' to foliage. It
forms a constituent part of chloro
phyll and Is tin green coloring matter
which Rtaiufl the bodies inside the cell?
of leaves, called plastlds. When the
first organized food Is being formed
In the leaves from water and carbonic
acid gas a certain amount of energy
Is required, This lt obtained from the
sun's rays, but the work of absorb
ing it is carried out by the chlorophyll.
It requires very llttlo Iron for the pro
duction of all the cholrophyll found
In a crop, nnd nearly all soils contain
an abundant supply.
The Human Clock.
The Spanish painter Rlbero, Mr. Hal
dano Macfall recalls In his "History
of Painting," worked with such fervor
that all count of timo was lost to him.
"Uo mado a living clock to check the
passing hours. His servant camo ev
ery hour to tho studio to say In a loud
and stately voice, 'Another hour has
cone. Slgnor CavalloroP "
ALL FAVORS APPRECIATED.
Ilepiililicnn Candidate for the Nom
ination of Register and ISui o.'der.
W I HStiEK, Hte- ns, Wayne
County, Pa.
FOR PROTHONOTAIIV,
A. H. HOWELL, WHITE MILLS.
Kindly investigate my llfo, char
acter and qualifications, and then,
if possible, give me your vote. If
elected I will attend to tho duties of
the cfilco myself and will tr to
prove to all that no mistake was
made In my selection.
FOR TKEASUKEIt.
W. W. WOOD,
PROFESSIONAL CARDS.
Attorncvs-nt-Law.
H WILSON,
. ATTORNEY A COUNSELOH-AT-LAW,
Office adjacent tp Post Office In Dlmmick
oince. llonesdnle, Va.
WM. II. LEE,
ATTORNEY A COUNSELOn-AT-T.AW.
Office over post office. All legal business
promptly attended to. Ilonesdale, Pa.
E
O. MUMFORD,
ATTntmi?- a r?imvnrT.nti,-T in?
Post Office, llonepilnle. Pa.
HOMER GREENE.
ATTORNEY' A COUNSELOR-AT-l-lW
Office over Reif's store. Ilonesdale Pa.
CHARLES A. McCARTY,
ATTORNEY A COUNSELOR- IT-LAW.
Special and prompt attention elven to the
collection of claims. Office over .Hell's new
store Ilonesdale. Pa.
TO P. KIMBLE,
JD . ATTORNEY A COUNSELOR-AT-L AW
Office over the post office Ilonesdale. Pa.
ME. SIMONS,
. ATTORNEY" A COUNSELOR-AT-LAW
Office in the Court House, Honesdalo
Pa.
PETER II . ILOEF,
ATTORNEY A COUN8ELOR-AT-LAW,
u ffl?6-8,?00" P00.r oId Savings Brit
building. Honesdalo. Pa.
IEARLE & SALMON,
I ATTORNEYS A COUNSELORS-AT-LAW,
Offices latelv occupied by Judge Searle i
CHESTER A. GARRATT,;
ATTORNEY" A COUNBELOR-AT-LAW
Office adjacent to Post Office, Ilonesdale. P
Dentists.
DR. E. T. BROWN,
DENTIST.
Office First Hnor. olrl Snvlm-a Bnnt hnllri.
Ing. Ilonesdale. Pa.
DR. C. R. BRADY,
DENTIST, HONESDALE. PA.
Office Houks-8 a. m. to 6 p. m.
Any eveninc bv nnnntntmnnl ..
Citizens' phone. 33. Iiesldence. No. 86-X'
Physicians.
PB. PETERSON, M. D.
. 1120 MAIN STREET, HONESDALE, PA.
TJVn 'inri n cn,lnHn fl'i, mil. . i
..u..uuu. oytwauj, aiiu lining Ull'lUaS-
es given careful attention.
Certified Nurse,
MRS. C. M. BONESTEEL,
GLEN EYRE, PIKE CO., PA.,
Certified Nurse.lP. S. N.
Telephone-Glen Kyre. 17mol
Livery.
LIVERY. red. G. Rickard has re
moved his livery establishment from
corner Church street to Whitney's Stone
Barn
ALL CALLS
PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO.
FIRST CLASS OUTFITS. 75yl
SPENCER
The Jeweler $
would like to see you if I
X you are in the marketj
for
JEWELRY, SILVER-
4-
t WARE, WATCHES,
CLOCKS,
DIAMONDS,
AND NOVELTIES
i
"Guaranteed articles only sold
IIIHHMUHIUHtt
mna
WHEN THERE
IS ILLNESS
in your family you of course call
a reliable physician. Don't stop
at that; nave his prescriptions
put up at a reliable pharmacy,
even if it is a little farther from
your home than some other store.
You can And no more reliable
store than ours. It would be im
possible for more care to be taken
in the selection of drugs, etc., or
in the compounding. Prescrip
tions brought here, either night
or day, will be promptly and
accurately compounded by a
competent registered pharmacist
and the prices will be most rea
sonable. O. T. CHAMBERS,
PHARMACIST,
Opp. D. & H. Station, Honesdale. Pa.
jtmtmmtmmtmnmwimumuwtmH
HOTEL
T. DENIS'
ROADWAY and 11th ST.
NEW YORK CITY
Within easy acceat of every point ol in-
creii. ruiii BiocK rrom wanamaker .
Mwiuw wi excellence oi euur
comtortable appointment, court'
U Siaams S1.C0 psr (Ly aim .
viin privilege oi ua:n
i $1.50 per day nnd ui
I EUROPEAN PLAN
1 Torti THot EraaWaat . . B0
1 Yrtl, 'TAYLOR a SON, (no.
.n..,TTT i