TUB CITIZEN,
WEDNESDAY, AIMUli 20, 1011.
fiiriffififfifi i
HMi v 111 am m
Great Skill Being Shown I Old Method of Stuffing
In Preparing Spcci- Hides Mounted on
mens For Ex- Jfl Wire Frames
hibition. Discarded,
I
N the taxidermy shop or tlio Na- system is faithfully reproduced. As
tional museum at Washington 1 in the case of many of the Itoosevelt
they are constructing wild anl-1 specimens, there are no living -oun-
mals as lifelike In appearance as
any that ever rambled through the
forests and Jungles of Africu. The
raw material was supplied by Theo
dore Roosevelt, while the art. skill
and beautiful workmanship that con
verts It Into the finished product arc
furnished by a staff of experts whose
work is equaled by few men in this
country.
A story wont the rounds recently
that there was not enough money
nvnllahle to mount nil the Itoosevelt
specimens. As n matter of fact. It Is
not the Intention to mount all of them.
There are a good many duplicates,
and there would lie no object in pre
paring duplicates for public exhibition.
The skins of those nnlmnls which are
not mounted will be kept, however,
and will always bo available for ex
amination by persons Interested in the
study of them.
A Question of Men.
"It is not a question of money." said
an official of the Smithsonian institu
tion. "It is a question of men. There
Is sufficient money to mount the
Itoosevelt specimens and also other
specimens which we have, but there
are not very many men who can do
the sort of work that we are doing
here. A man has to bo more thnn a
taxidermist lie must be something
of a naturalist himself, something of
a Bculptor and a good deal of an ob
server of animals in the life."
The work that is now going on in
the tnxidormy shop bears out this
statement. Only a few men nre em
ployed there, and they work quietly
and deliberately on their delicate
tasks. Scattered around the room nre
terparts in this country. The taxider
mists in such Instances make n study
of the nearest relative of the animal
that they can And. From the large
clay models are made plaster casts.
These casts are permanent work and
are as carefully finished as the prod
uct of a sculptor.
When a plaster cast is ready to re
ceive the skin the Inttor has to be
soaked and made thoroughly pllnble.
It Is then given a coat of arsenical
soap on the Inside. This Is for the
purpose of making it proof ngalnst
moths. A sufficient amount of the
poison permeates through to the roots
of the hair, so that a moth never
takes more than one bite and usually
does not get that far. The fitting of
the skins Is the supremo test of the
success or failure of the model mak
ing. The hides are not only sewed on.
but are pasted, so that they will ad
here snugly to the hollows of the cii-n
as well ns to the protuberances.
Fitting of legs a Delicate Task.
Perhaps the most ingenious part of
the work Is the fitting of the legs.
The plaster casts of legs are made
separately from the body. In theskiiw
the legs have not been detached. The
first operation Is to mount the legs of
the animal. In doing this the molds
are slid into the skins In the same
manner that n man puts on glove.
At the upper end of each leg is a de
vice for locking it to the body. This
Is nothing more nor less than an adap
tation of the old fashioned method of
fastening skates to the heel of a shoe
Almost any one of the grownup boys
will remember how ho used to put
plates In the heels of his winter shoes
In order to receive the little knob
clay models of all sorts of wild anl- which came on the heels of the skate
mals. There are plaster casts, too, and how, after walking to the skating
which are executed with a fidelity to . pond, he would have to sit down and
life worthy of n Barye. So excellent i dig the snow out of the holes. When
Is the work on these casts that many
of them would serve for statues rath
er than mere bodies to bo clothed with
skin,
"Our work is Just the reverse of a
tailor's," remarked the head of the
shop. "A tailor has furnished to hlra
the body, and he makes the suit of
clothes to fit it. Here wo get the suit
of clothes, and it is our Job to build
the body."
Mount Skins on Statues.
Up to about ten years .ago the usual
method of mounting animals' skins
was to construct a more or less rude
framework, drape the skin upon It
and then stuff It. The result usually
was an unnatural pose and a mis-
the skin of the animal has been
stretched over the plaster body the
legs are made fast by inserting the
little knobs Into the plates containing
the holes anil then giving them a half
turn. So accurately are these Joints
made that the legs are held as firmly
In place as If they were actually a
part of the main cast. Only by this
method can the cutting of the skins
to separate the legs from the body be
avoided.
Eyes Bought or Made.
The last operation Is the Inserting of
the eyes. Some of the eyes nre pur
chased In the market by the Smith
sonian Institution and others are paint
ed by its own experts. The latter are
shapen beast that would not have been I tho best, although it is possible to buy
recognized by Its fellows In the Jungle.
Taxidermy of this kind is frequently
exhibited in the form of stuffed bears
and other animals used as advertise
ments over the doorways of fur stores,
a satisfactory grade of artificial eyes
from almost any manufacturer. The
beauty of the hand painted eye Is that
it has a more lifelike expression aud
has the peculiar qualities of always ap-
But a revolution has come in the pearlug to be directed at the observer.
mounting of animals for scientific mu- There Is a whole drawer full of glass
seums. It Is now the fashion to make eyes iu the taxidermy shop, but In
a statue of the animal Itself and then
to clothe it with the hide, fitting It so
closely as to allow muscles to stand In
relief and Joining the seams with Buch
infinite skill that they are practically
invisible.
In doing this sort of work the taxi
dermists at the Smithsonian Institution
make use of animal statuary, of pho
tographs, drawings and personal stud
ies of live animals. But most Impor
tant of all are the measurements that
were taken In the field by the natural
ists who accompanied the Itoosevelt 1
expedition. Every skin that was sentl
over here had a set of measurements
that were taken immediately after the
animal was killed. These measure
ments are more minute and complete
than any ever taken by a tailor who
makes a suit of clothes. They are In
valuable to tlio taxidermists In prepar
ing the plaster casts over which the
skins are stretched.
Hides Are Well Tanned.
When the skins arrived hero they
were packed in brine. The first thing
to be done was to have them tanned
so that they could be permanently pre
served. This work wns done In pri
vate tanneries, tho result being that
the hides have beou converted into
soft, pliable leather without in any
way damaging the hair. In skinning
nearly all of the animals very few cuts
were made. One incision along the
belly was sufficient In most cases, with
tho exception of short incisions In the
legs. The rule was to got the skin off
tho animal with a minimum of cutting.
This uiakes more work for tho taxi
dermists, but it produces a specimen
that Is practically uumarred.
When the Smithsonian experts un
dertake to mount an animal in nearly
all cases they first make a miniature
model In clay. This la worked out in
great detail and decides the pose Into
which the animal Is to be placed.
Frequently the workmen make trips
out to the Washington zoo In order to
study poses. From tho miniature
model a life size clay model Is con
structed, and this carries the detail
even further, so that the muscular
nearly all the Important specimens a
pair of eyes is specially prepared to fit
the subject.
The Smithsonian taxidermists are
now working on several Important
groups. The largest contains five Hons
and will be an elaborate production
The miniature model represents the
bed of a dried up stream. In the cen
ter of it is a small water hole, which
has been dug by zebras, whose tracks
may be seen In the soil.
An Impressive Group.
A family of lions has driven away
the zebras and taken possession of the
wnter holes. Tho head of the family,
a large, fine specimen. Is standing ou
a little rise of ground Just above the
bed of the stream. One of the lioness
es Is lying down; the other Is crouch
ing and lapping up tbo water. Two
cubs are at play, after the fashion of
kittens.
I The HonoSSOS Itnrl nilho nro nlfnnrlt.
mounted for this group, and the taxi
dermists are now completing the plas
ter cast that will receive the skin of
the lion. This skin bangs In a cabinet
on one side of the room. It has a
heavy bushy mane, yet not so large a
mane ns is often seen on animals in
captivity. As one of tho Smithsonian
workmen explained, this is usually the
case. A wild lion ttavellng through
lienvy Jungle and undergrowth gets his
lialr combed so continually that he
loses a part of the natural growth.
Mons in cages accumulate better heads
uf hair because there is nothing to
wear it off.
The zebra, which Is now being mount
ed, is a magnificent specimen of the
male and will bo ono of the most
showy of the Itoosevelt collection. It
will be shown with the head extended
toward the ground as If grazing. The
largest specimen of all Is a full grown
African buffalo, which Is now com
plete. The buffalo Is shown standing
with head) thrown up as If In the act
of defying his foes. Just at present a
piece of burlup Is wrnpped around the
lower part of the bead. This Is to
catch his eyes In case they should hap
pen to fall out.
WHY CONNIE MACK
IS SUCCESSFUL
Manager of World's Champions
Constantly Looking Into Future,
TRAINING PLAYERS BIG FACTOR
COULON READY FOR CONLEY. M. LEE BR1
Leader of Athletics, Like a Professor,
Schools His Men Thoroughly Has
Faculty cf Picking Out Right Kind of
Youngsters.
What Is the secret of Connie Slack's
success? That question Is asked al
most every day by the baseball fans.
Indeed, many baseball men seem to
consider there is something uncauny
about the man who has won three
American league pennnnts and a
world's championship with tho Ath
letics. IMvnl managers. Jealous of Mack's
success, have been heard to sueeringly
i all It "luck." I'crsonallty, baseball
wisdom, foresight, all these have been
attributed ns reasons for Mnek's suc
cess. And we nre all willing to admit
that all may be minor factors in the
success of Cornelius the great. Just as
they arc In the accomplishments of
any man who nttnins something worth
while.
However, tho factor of devoting half
his energies to the future is the one
Bantamweight Champion Anxious to
Show He Is Badger Boy's Master.
A large assortment of Jabs, upper
cuts, hooks and swings will bo on tap
when Johnny Coulon and Frnnklo Con
ley, bantam rivals, clash In a twenty
live round battle scheduled to lie held
In Frisco the second week of May.
The boys have agreed to weigh 110
pounds at It o'clock the day of the con
test. Coulon and t'onley have been rivals
for years, and bad blood exists be-
EVERYTHING INLIVERY
I Buss for Every Train and
! Town Calls.
Horses always for sale
Boarding and Accomodations
for Farmers
A. O. BLAKE
AUCTIONEER & CATTLE piER
YOU WILL MAKE MONEY
BY HAVING ME
8ell Phone 9-U BETHANY. PA.
Prompt and polite attention
at all times. .
ALLEN HOUSE BARN
4
GG2.nan-Aierlcan
Ef.""d! SH'l MiM To, n.n't lode .11
,1. 1 ; 1 ".v" ""r in!id..i
i In y Vurv' " ntlr nhituM.r
iJOSEPH N. WELCH
Fire
i
f Ui.ri.la f
Wrll,, tf.H
"Vbe, rim, or orlrtii no tu.tler
DOCTOR. J"...t Uox J!S80. rhUoJc1ii.liVl'a.
The OLDEST Fire Insurance
Agency in Wayne County.
Otlico: Second floor Slusonic Build
ing, over U. C. Jadwin's drug Etnro.
Jtonesaale.
1 1
A ' T ' SPA1U k-!p liiVT- S' SALMON, Gabhieb
We want you to understand the reasons for the ABSOLUTE SECURITY
of tills Hank.
COUNTY SAVINGS BANK
HONESDALE, PA.,
TWO OP WOltLD'rJ OISF.ITEBT HANTAM
WKIOIITS WHO AUK TO meet AHA IK.
hveen these leading fighters of the
bantamweight class, .loltnny won a
decision over Conloy at Now Orleans
recently, and since that fight Conley
has been seeking a return go. The
RndKor battler claims that he was not
In condition when he fought Coulon,
I and he wants another battle,
j The latter Is anxious to show the
pugilistic world that he is Conley's
master and is now in hard training.
, Johnny said tho fight cannot take place
i soon enough to suit hlui. while Conley
I said he would bo able to battle Inside
' of two weeks. Conley claimed the
bantamweight championship before he
was beaten by Coulon and is anxious
to regain his laurels.
tlAb AUAI'ITALOK - - . $100.000 00
AND SURPLUS AM) PROFITS OF . 427 842 00
MAKING ALTOGETHER - . so? aio'nn
ifT 01 whi-ch ln"?t be l03t bufore depositor can lose'a PENNY.
It has conducted a crowine and succsfnl h7l, p fi T " 1 ZZ
nber of customers with iideelity and satisfaction.
Q (1I1 I... f f T ,7 1 1 XT Cimmir -wr . v r .
an lncreasim? niiml
Ita cash funds are protected by MODERN STEEL VATir.TS
iim..i!'S Mil UI' l fclthONAI, ATTENTION constantly elen the
f t Su P i $ v I V1 ,f '"reS,ors asstirjthe pStron?
It.iiiC MMli,s-VM!.n which the prime essential ot a good
DECEMBER 1, 1910
Total Assets, - - - $2,951,048.26
BsSf DEPOSITS MAY HE MADE BY JIA11,. 18
DIRECTORS-
tV. It. IIO!.Mi:s
A. T. SKAUI.H
T. U. CUKK
CIIAS..T. SMITH.
II. J. CONGIClt.
W F. SUYDAM.
I' P. KIMBLK
H S, SALMON
J. W. PAULEY
f4
1911. by American Press Association.
CONNIE MACK, MANAOER OF THE ATHLETICS
that has been Mack's big asset. Dur
ing his career as n manuger there has
seldom ono might almost say never
been a time when ho was not prepared
for any old emergency.
Mack has the great faculty of know
ing when one of his stars is about to
fade and knowing when one of his
youngsters is ready to jump in and fill
the veteran's shoes. Then comes the
fateful day when tho youth who has
been nursed along by Mack, who kept
him watching what the other players
did, is made a regular.
That has always been Connio Mack's
system. It's very fine to havo n pen
nant winning ball club. But they
can't go ou winning pennants or keep
ing in tho race forever.
The history of Mack's successes
might bo traced almost from tho be
ginning with his faculty of obtaining
and training ball players as tho big
factor. Mack does not want to buy
stars. He wants to make stars. And
that his system Is a good one Is evi
dent from his record.
SEEKS ANOTHER LONG WALK.
Edward Payson Weston Says He Fig
ures on 2,000 Mile Jaunt.
Edward Payson Weston, tho walker,
who observed the seventy-third an
niversary of his birth recently, is look
ing for fresh fields to conquer. "I feel
as strong today as 1 did when 1 started
on my jaunt from tho Atlantic to the
Pacific." said the veteran the other
day. "and I'm now looking about for
some attractive route a couple of thou
sand miles long suitable for a similar
trip."
PITCHER STEELE USES THE f
LONGEST BAT. $
Pitcher Elmer Steele of the t
Pittsburgh uses tho longest bat
on record. It Is fully a foot
longer than tho ono with which ''i,
Ilonus Wagner does such execu- "f
tlon. One afternoon nt the train-
Ing camp in Hot Springs, Ark.. i
Elmer was greeted with a laugh
when ho approached the plate.
telegraph pole In hand. "I
hope," he remarked, "that all
tho pitchers In the league tnke J
me for a monkey this season. &
I'll show them what's what."
e, ' For Infants and Children.
II Hi
Yale and Harvard to Row June 30.
After wrangling over tho date for a
month or so Harvard and Yale have
finally decided to row their annunl var
sity eight oared race on the Thames, in
Connecticut. June 30. Tho Yale and
Harvard managers havo made an In
novation this year by adopting an
eligibility agreement. This provides
that each crew captain shall send to
the other a comploto list of nil oars
men, who will bo allowed to row forty
days before the regatta. Tho eligibil
ity committee will consist of Itobert
D. Wrenn of Harvard. Otto Pannard
of Yale and the referee of the regott.-..
who is almost certain to bo William
n. Meikleham of Now York city.
m
BSiiwi
ALCOHOL 3 PER CENT
AVcgelablePrcparalionforAs
similaling theFbotfantiRcduta
ting Hie S lomachs amlBowds of
Promolcs DigcstionJChecriiil
ness and Rest.Contalns neito
Opiuni.Morphinc nor Mineral.
Not Narcotic.
Pawfi.il Seed'
jflx.Sc.ma
Mvmpmtrtt
IttCartonaleSeia
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Clarified Slmr
leatapeaHaror.
Anerfect Remedy for Consltna-
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Wonns,Cmrvulsions.rowtsfi
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Facsimile Sigaature of
NEW YORK.
The Kind Yoy Have
Always Bought
Bears the
signature
of
'Guaranteed, undcrthc ojisji
CURRENT SPORT EVENTS'
Montreal is building a $300,000 curl
ing rink.
Princeton Is planning a new stadium
seating 40,000.
Chicago Is to hold nest year's Ameri
can bowling tourney.
Indianapolis opens the grand circuit
July 2; nggregate value of purses $22,
000. University of Missouri's new nthletlc
stadium at Columbia will seat 8,250
and will be ready July 15.
A national aviation school will bo
opened by ono of tho prominent pro
moters at College Park, Md. on the
outskirts of Washington.
William Arnst, tho world's champion
professional sculler, and H. Pearce,
Australian champion, will row for the
'world's title on the Parramatta river
early in May.
Exact Copy of Wrapper.
A Jjv In
nkjh Use
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THE NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
OF MILWAUKEE, WIS.
...Acency at Ilonesdale, Wayne Co., Pa.
tv.i Hmi.. . FROM TIIB 63(1 ANNUAL HEFOItT.
Total admitted assets mmiaear&
Total Insurance In force ... ........ ....... .. ... .. . 1 080 239TO3 OO
Total number policy-holders .." " .......... ........... . . ' 'tUmm
New Insurance lteported nnd paid for In 1910 U8 7S9'o31M
Increase In Insurance In force over 1909 r !.,!..!!!. 672lo'6l3Da
Total Income for 1910 SlWU&a
Total payment to policy-holders .... .. 32 8899 00
JfSt.'.,?.fexPense and taxes to Income 12,78 ner cent.
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