"WEATHER FORECAST: Snow. WEATHER FORECAST: Snow. al,HE CITIZEN' is tlio most widely rend scml-wcckly newspaper in Wnyno County. Lustier now tlinn at any thno in its 08 years' history. GOOD MORN erst Have Dear Kend all Imd "La Grippe," " py Colds," nza," or "Grip- Winter set? Call tlio in time! 68th YEAR. HONE SD ALE, WAYNE CO., PA., FRIDAY, MARCH 3, 1911. NO. 18 Ctfttett m Jto9 Zmfc "FIFTY YEARS i AGO TO- INSIDE HISTORY OK CONDITIONS LEADING UP TO THE OUT HHEAK OK THE CIVIL WAU OK 01-'(I5 ABRAHAM LINCOLN IXAUG UI t ATE I ) I U E S 1 1) E XT HAIiK A CENTURY AGO THE CAUSE OK SECESSIOX. To-morrow March 4 will be the fiftieth anniversary of the first Inau guration of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States. The conditions that confronted him were never before or since par alleled In our history. Upon his i election 'In November, 18C0, the j South began measures to carry into , effect Its repeated threats of dis union. The Initiative was talten by South Carolina. On December 20 its State Convention, called to act In the premises, adopted a "Secession Ordinance," repealing the Ordinance by which in 1788 tho federal con stitution was ratified, together with all legislation ratifying later amend ments, and declaring the Union be tween South Carolina and the other States dissolved. Georgia and the j Gulf States soon followed with slmi-' lar action. On February 4, 1801,1 delegates from the seven seceding States met at .Montgomery, Alabama, and within a month organized a new confederacy, to which they gave the 1 name of "The Confederate States of America," with a constitution and administrative departments of gov ernment similar. In the main, to those of the United States; and elected Jefferson Davis, of Mississip pi, President, and Alexander H. Ste phens, of Georgia, Vice-President. Meantime, from a well founded apprehension that Lincoln would be assassinated In Baltimore, his friends Insisted that he should pass through that city with secrecy. Ac cordingly, on the evening of Feb. 22, with the knowledge only of Gov. Curtln and a few others, he left Har risburg, and at six o'clock tho next morning reached Washington In safety. Thus, when the new President took the oath of office he was face to face with an armed and organized opposition to tho national govern ment, which already Involved seven States, and n few months later was strengthened by the addition of Vir ginia, North Carolina, Tennessee and Arkansas. At the samo time, the secessionists made the most vigor ous efforts to accomplish the seces sion of Kentucky and Missouri. During the four years of war that followed, both these States were represented In the Confederate Con gress, and contributed largely to both the Union and the Confederate armies. Tlio Cause of Secession. The war arose from controversies in relation to the extension of slav ery into the Territories, and the ap prehension of the South either real or affected that the existence of slavery was threatened by the elec tion of Lincoln, and that this "pecu liar Institution" would no longer be safe within the Union. Alexander H. Stephens, Vice-President of the Southern Confederacy, In a speech at Savannah, Ga., March 22, 1861, thus stated the position of the South in tho premises: "We are passing through one of the greatest revolutions In the an nals of the world. Seven States have, within the past three months, thrown off an old government and formed a new one. The new consti tution has put at rest, forever, all agitating questions relating to our peculiar institution African shivery as It exists among us the proper status of tho negro In our form of civilization. This was tho Immediate cause of tho late rupture and pres ent revolution. Jefferson, In his fore cast, had anticipated this, as the rock upon which the old Union would split. Tho prevailing Ideas entertained by him, and most of the leading statesmen, at the time of the formation of the old constitution, were that the enslavement of the African was In violation of the laws of nature; that It was wrong In prin ciple, socially, morally, and politi cally. It was an evil they knew not well how to deal with; but tho gen eral opinion, of the men of that day was that somehow or other, In the ordor of Providence, the Institution would be evanescent and pass away. "These Ideas, however, wero fun damentally wrong. They rested on the assumption of the equality ot races, This was an error. It was a 6andy foundation for tho Idea ot a government built upon It; when tho storm came and the winds blow, It fell. "Our new government Is founded upon exactly the opposite Idea; its foundations are laid, its cornerstone rests, upon tho great truth that the negro is not equal to the whlto man; that slavery subordination to tho superior race Is his natural and normal condition, "This, our new government, Is the first In the history of tho world bas ed upon this great physical, philoso phical and moral truth. It Is tho first government ever Instituted up on principles in strict conformity to nature, and tho ordination of Provi dence, in furnishing tho materials of human society. Many governments havo been founded upon tho princi ple of the enslavement of certain classes; but tho classes thus enslav ed were of the same race, and it was in violation of the laws of nature. Our system commits no such viola MORROW tion of nature's laws. The negro, by nature, or by the curse against Can aan, Is fitted for that condition which ho occupies In 6ur system. Tho substratum of our society Is made of the material fitted by nature for It, and by experience wo know that It Is best not only for the su perior, but for tho Inferior race that It should bo so. This stone, which wns rejected by the first builders is become the 'chief stone of the cor ner' In our new edifice." After a struggle of four years, with military operations involving nearly two-thirds of the area of the States east of the Rocky Mountains, this corner stone was ground to dust, and the edifice built on It was rent asunder and prostrated; "and great was the fall thereof." The Conservation Of Tlio American Forests. Lily Hay Dihhlc.J Conservation Is one of the most significant words In the English language. Behind It lies a broad, Interesting field, ready for the stu dent, who will find It to be a prob lem confronting everyone In dally life. To some It may mean protec tion; to others, preservation; while to all it means cconomlzation. In connection with the forests, con servation Is a world-wide question. Practically every civilized country on earth Is doing something toward the frugality of its lumber supply. Though conservation has been argu ed In America for the last ten or fifteen years, It is only lately that the people of the United States have come to the full realization of Its vital significance. At a recent Gov ernors' njeetlng at Washington, James J. Hill said: "We are yearly consuming from three to four times as much timber as the forest-growth can restore." Tho conserving of our forests implies three requisites the protection and preservation of the living trees, the saving and using of those left to decay, and the eco nomical use of all lumber. In the protection and preserva tion of human Interests, trees are of the most vital Importance. The devastating spring Hoods at Pitts burg are duo to an Inadequate num ber of trees upon the Appalachian slopes. Again because of the lack of forests, the Mississippi river is estimated to be yearly transporting twice as much sediment as Is being excavated from the Panama Canal. Although It Is needless to enumer ate the many Important uses of lum ber and bark, we fail to comprehend the ultimate fatality of this stupend ous consumption. From Glfford Plnchot we learn that If the pres ent rate of consumption continues, "a single generation" will suffice to completely exhaust our vast lumber resources. Two of the worst ene mies with which the forest preserv er has to contend are tho wasteful lumbqr corporations, and the ruin ous forest-llres. Some of the op ponents to forest conservation have the Idea that the reservation of Na tional Forests constitutes their ex clusion from public use. On the contrary they are open to prospec tive miners, settlers, cattle and sheep herders, who will obey the forestry laws. Also the Involved countries derive ten per cent, of the total receipts from these several uses. At the present time tho govern ment Is the most extensive forest conserver in the United States. A recent report from the Bureau of Forestry showed one hundred fifty million acres of forest lands under governmental supervision. The pro tection and regulation of these Im mense tracts necessitates the em ployment of experienced forest rangers. These men receive a prac tical training In scientific forestry, either in state universities, or in special forestry schools. Upon grad uation they are immediately assign ed to a district In which to com mence their duties. The latter are almost innumerable, but their prin cipal tasks are the periodic burning of the brush after a light snow fall, tho scientific cutting of the older trees, and tho discovery and preven tion of forest-llres. To accomplish tho latter, they perform sentinal duty from the highest point In their respective domains. As an aid In summoning the assistance of other rangers, telephone communication has been provided In most all tho reservations. Another governmen tal method of conservation Is tho tree nurseries, where tho seeds are planted and tho sprouts raised un til ready for transplantation. Tho rnilroads practice still other forms, which are a great help. They find It necessary to buy enormous quan tities of timber In tho shape of cross-ties. During tho years nine teen hundred live and six, they ex perimented with wood treated with a preservative, either creosote or zinc chloride. This provediuch a success that by nineteen hundred eight, twelvo of our largo railroads wore operating wood preserving plants ot their own. Tho wood may be of poor quality, but when thus treated, lasts from two or three times as long as previously. Dur ing the last few years tho Pennsyl vania Railroad has reserved several thousand acres of torest-land. In or der to meet their future demands for lumber. Some of tho cities of Europe have established municipal forests. Ger many encourages this by taxing no forests until cut. Tho city ot Baden, Germany, owns one hundred thbus and acres, yielding a net Income of six dollars and twenty-five cents per acre. Freiburg owns eight thous and, Heidelberg seven thousand, while the two hundred twenty In habitants of Aufen, owning one hundred sixty-three acres, have two LETTERS STAMPED BY ELECTRICITY! INSTALLATION. WEDNESDAY, OK ELECTRIC STAMPING MACHINE WILL GREATLY .FACILITATE RAPID HANDLING OK MAIL MATTER EFFICIENCY OF OBLIGING AND COURTEOUS STAFF OF EMPLOYEES IX O It E A S E J) CONSIDER ABLY THEREBY. On account of the Increase of mall, and In lino with the progressive pol icy pursued by the present Incum bent, an electric combination stamp ing machine, made by the American Postal Supply Company, of Boston, Mass., was Installed In the Hones dale Postofflce, this week, and put In operation for the first time Wednes day afternoon. The machine, which is run by a third horse power motor, Is an Ideal time-saving device, and can stamp between 500 and COO let ters a minute, when It is In good working order and running all right. Assisting Postmaster J. N. Sharp steen viost obligingly explained Thursday morning to a CITIZEN re porter the workings of the machine. Taking a package of letters in his right hand, and holding them at tho mouth of the machine, he turned on the nower. and the letters dashed away at lightning speed, emerging at the other end neatly stamped, and ready for sorting and distribu tion, with the stamps canceled, and "Honesdale," and the date, and time of stamping, legibly printed on the face of the letter. "It certainly does the work," said Mr. Sharpsteen, who has been In the local postofflce for seventeen years, serving as assistant postmaster under M. B. Allen who was appointed In 1900, and Is serv ing his twelfth successive year. The organization of the Honesdale Postofflce, which is a second-class appointive office Is as follows: Postmaster, M. B. Allen; assistant postmaster, J. N. Sharpsteen; assist ants, Carroll J. Kelly, Eben P. Keen, Fred LeStrange, Miss Margaret Grif fin; messenger boy, Albert Allon bacher. Carriers: Herbert Hlller, Patrick J. Weir, William H. Burkhart, sub stitute, Henry A. Wagner. Carriers on Rural Routes: No. 1, Emmett Groner; No. 2, Frank Mc Mullen, Jr.; No. 3, George Van Deusen; No. 4, J. Owen Olver. Star Routes: Honesdale to Hoad leys, Fred G. Rickert; Tanners Falls to Honesdale, William J. Hauser; West Damascus to Honesdale, Fred L. Baldwin; Pleasant Mount to HoneEdalo. Richard W. Mills; Cold Springs to Honesdale, Patrick F. O'Neill; Tyler Hill to Honesdale, Martin Jensen. Injury To Woody Plants By Tree Crickets. Now while fruit growers and vine yardlsts are busy pruning they have opportunity to observe closely all evidences of Injury to their trees, shrubs and vines. As a consequence many persons of different parts of Pennsylvania are sending to State Zoologist, Prof. H. A. Surface, at Harrlsburg, sections of twigs, vines, and berry bushes, which contain rows of very small holes. Prof. Sur face takes this opportunity to reply to inquiries by the following letter taken directly from his correspond once to a Jefferson county citizen: "I have received the section ot grape vino which you sent to me, and find that It has been punctured by an Insect known as the Snowy Tree Cricket. The rows of holes ex tending along the vine are the places where the Insect deposits Its eggs. By splitting the vine tho long yellow curved eggs will be seen within. This is not a very serious Injury, as the vine will outgrow It. What Is better In pruning a vino Is to cut off back of the place of Injury. This Insect often punctures the canes of raspberry and blackberry, and sometimes the twigs of various trees. These Injured places will be cut off at the time of pruning, which is before the leaves come, and can be burned to prevent tho possibility of the eggs hatching and giving further trouble In this regard. This particu lar Insect or tree cricket is beneficial In Its feeding habits, because It feeds pn plant lice, young scale Insects and other soft-bodied scale insects. If It were not for Its damage at tho time of laying its eggs, It would be considered entirely beneficial. thousand feet of lumber per capita; and the amount sold Is more than enough to pay Its expenses, 'ino state of Oregon has vast national forests, part of which might well be turned to the use of municipalities The legislature of Pennsylvania has recently passed an act, giving our cities ana towns tho right to own and operato any such property. When the people ot the United States comprehend tho real value of our forests; when they recognize tho Importance in connection with the river systems and the consump tion of lumber and bark; when they consider the success of foreign countries and realize the existing American opportunities, then it will be the pride ot every true citizen to help extend forest conservation In the United States. Don't forget to take tlio "hoy" to seo tho Lions nt tho Lyric to-night (Thursday). FAREWELL! "To Tlio Memory Of Irene Adams Brown." By S. S. ROBIXSOX. Farewell! The bright celestial gates Unfold, dear friend, for thee, And thou art safe within the house Where many mansions be; Where pain and sorrow never come, No heart-aches and good-byes, Safe, safe within that Heavenly bourne, Eternal In the skies. Farewell! across Death's silent vale, Thy soul hath wont its way, Glad In Its flight to that bright realm Where precious treasures lay; The gift of God, to those whose works Shall merit rich reward, Safe, safe with loved ones 'round the throne Where reigns the risen Lord. Farewell! the word dies on our lips, Too full the heart to speak; Thine wns the heritage- of those-. Who suffer and are meek. Who bravely bear the cross for Him Who died on Calvary; Safe, safe with Him to reign at last Through all Eternity! Funeral Of Mrs. Annu B. Bcrgmuiiu. Funeral services for the late Mrs. Anna Barbara Bcrgmann, who died Sunday morning, at the age of G9 years, were held In her residence 113 Willow Avenue, Wednesday after noon at 2:30 o'clock. Rev. C. C. Mil ler, pastor of St. John's Evangelical Lutheran church, officiating, and were largely attended. The Inter ment was made in the German Luth eran cemetery. The bearers were three sons, George J., Stephen and Chris Bergmann, and two sons-in-law, Joseph Westbrook and Edward Taylor, all of Honesdale. Funeral Of Mrs. Jacob A. Hlller. Largely-attended funeral services for the late Mrs. Jacob A. Hlller were held Thursday morning at 9:15 o'clock In her Into residence, 403 Church street, the Rev. W. H. Swift, D. D., officiating. The bearers were: J. Owen Olver, Beach Lake, Francis J. Olver, Thomas J. Olver, Scranton; Arthur Olver, J. Reining, Robert Davis. Interment was made In Beach Lake cemetery. The floral tributes were numerous and beautiful. Canada's Coining Census. All the kingdoms, colonies and de pendencies of the British Empire will take a census this year, but for us i? far the greatest Interest will bo in that of Canada. Canada Is much tho most Import ant colony of the British Empire and atter a long period of comparative stnirnnUnn if is crrnwini? ninnli fnstpr ! than any other. At the latest cen sus, In 1901, it had 6,371,315 inhabi tants, but in the preceding decado It had Increased only a little more than half a million, while the United States In the same time grew thir teen millions. Two of the Maritime Provinces, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Islands, declined in population, while tho third, Nova Scotia, was barely saved by the growth of the Iron industry at Syd ney on Capo Breton Island. Ontario, which is larger than any country In Europe, except Russia, and which is tho backbone of the British connec tion, increased only a few thousands. The only real growth was In the west and In the French province of Que bec. Canada was being drained stead ily Into the United States. Our own census of 1900 showed more than 1,300,000 people of Canadian birth, about two-thirds of whom were Eng lish Canadians, living in this coun try. Very few Americans were then living In Canada. Tho closing decado has seen a re markable change. Canada has re ceived a great American immigra tion Into her Northwest. Allowing for exaggerations and returns It will probably amount to 400,000. A large stream of Immigration is also coming In from Europe. Canada now receives more Immigrants In a single year than used to come in ten. Her ambitious newspapers are hoping for a population of eight millions, but it Is more likely to bo about seven mil lions, as tho eastern half of tho Do minion still loses fifty thousand peo ple a year to the United States and there Is no growth In tho Maritime Provinces. New York World. How To Make A Grape Vino Grow. A prominent editor in Pennsylva nia wrote to State Zoologist Surface, at Harrlsburg, stating that his grape vine was making but little growth, and that ho desired to learn how to make It more thrifty. The reply of Prof. Surface was as follows: "To stimulate the growth ot your grapo vine, It Is well to pruno It back, and then fertilize It well with a nitrogen fertilizer, such as old stable manure or dressing from the poultry house, or scatter a handful of nitrate of soda In tho ground around it once a month after the buds burst. Cultivation and abund ant watering, especially with soap suds from the laundry, will also help It Immensely. I am satisfied that it fertilized with some nitrogen bearing material like manure, and If watered well It should make good growth and do well." Muningo License Record. Joseph 'Hogeiicnmn Lookout. Mrs. Hannah Totten Lookout. Hnrry Wllllnis Miss Jennie F, -llavvlcy. BIIz Mutamoras. Peter S. Miller Calllcoon, N. Y, Miss Nettie Kellain Abrahams ville, Pn. HOW DID YOU LIKE THE WEATHER IFEBRUARY? WOXDERKUL WINTER WEATHER So Says Theodore Day, Wnyno's AVentlior Wizard, Who Has Been In Tho Business Of Recording Changes In Temperature, Since 1854. Special, to THIS CITIZEN. DYBERRY, Pa., March 1. Total rainfall Including melted snow, measured on eleven days (trace six other days), Is 3.35 In ches; or .98 Inch less than last year, and Is .18 Inch more than February average of 3.17 inches for forty-one years; from six-tenths Inch In 1877, to C.58 Inches In 1893. Snow meas ured on ten "days 24.4 Inches, Is near the same as last year, and 7.8 inches more than average of 16.0 Inches for 55 years; from two Inches in 1S77 to 57 Inches In Feb. 1893. To tal snow, November 3 to March 1, G3 Inches, and last year, November 19 to March 1, 72 Inches. February Temperature, 1911. Highest was from 12 degrees sixth, to 51 degrees 2Gth; average 29.2 de grees, 1.2 lower than last year; and' highest on my record in February for 52 years, and sixty degrees 2Gth, 1890. Lowest vva3 35 degrees 27, down to 11 degrees below zero on the 1G; averago 14. G degrees, Is 4.7 degrees higher than last year; low est 52 years was 31 degrees below zero. February 10, 1888. Dally range this year was two degrees, 8tli, to 48 degrees on the 1G; average 14. G degrees, last year 20. G. Warmest days was the fourth and 27, means 38 degrees, six lower than last year lGth; and coldest day was the 21, mean seven degrees, Is S higher than coldest day last year, the 7th. Dally mean for month 21.9 degrees, last year 19.4 degrees. February aver age Is 21. G degrees for 47 years; from 12 degrees in 1907, to 30.2 de grees in 1890. Five days were clear, ten fair and thirteen cloudy, average 21 per cent, of sunshine; last year 4G per cent. Prevailing winds northwest. This winter to end of February, my rec ord' shows only twelve mornings zero to 14 degrees below, together mak ing 57 zero degrees; last year same time 20 mornings, total 15G.5 zero degrees. My record now begins first month, four degrees below zero. In Tho Recorder's Office. John L. Klein, Texas, to Bernard McGarry, property on Terrace street, Honesdale, $975. Jane Wilcox, Lake, to Maurice Ezra Wilcox, Pleasant Mt., G9 acres in latter township, ?S00. Earl Rockwell, Lake, to Ethel C. Smith, Scranton, lot at Lake Ariel, $592. WeSearch the Whole Country for Ideas There is no corner of the United States too far for us to sendif thereby we may gain some new ideas to better our Monday sales. It is this spirit, animating every mem ber of our store that has made our Monday Sale more popular and larger every week. v. EtfiOflJBAY, MARCH 6th .w :t::Kt:s:::m:::::::n:tnjn::jnjmtimmutn GROCERY DEPARTMENT OFFERS: Best Granulated Sugar, 25-pound bag $1.25 Famous Columbian Flour, bbl 1.50 Lenox Soap, Exceptional Value, 8 bars 25c Kingsford or Dureya Starch, 25c. value 21c 3 Famous Brands of Coffee, 28c. value 24c. lb. Seeman Bros. Waverly, Warfield or Columbia Peas 16 - 13c. can Best Full Cream Cheese, 20c. value 18c. lb. Choice California Navel Oranges, 40 cents 29c. doz. OTHER DEPARTMENTS- -H--H-H- Clean-Up Sale of Heavy Cotton Blankets, 75c 60c. pr. Kekko Silk Plain and Dotted, 35c. and 40c. value 29c yd. 27-in. Plain Chambray all colors, 8c 6c. Best American Calico, all shades, 7c sYz. yd. 27-inch Fancy Seersuckers, 10 and i2l2c. value 8Jc. yd. BleachedfTurkish Towels, i2jc. value 10c. each Irish Damask Linen Towels, 50c. value 39c each Gent's Negligee Shirts, best 50c. quality 42c. each Final Clearing of Ladies' Gloves, all colors, 25c 19c. pr. Lot of Fancy Collars, 10c. value 7c. each Gent's Heavy Merino Socks, 15c 10c pair 5x4 Table Oil Cloth, 20 and 22c. value 16c. yd Dress Suit Cases, fresh stock, $1.00 value 83c each Ladies' Belts and Leather Hand Bags, 50c -35C each Boys' and Girls' Wool Sweaters, $1,00 79c. each GOGCOOOOOOOOQGCOGOQOQGGQCQ SECOND FLOOR SPECIALS: COOOOOOOOOwOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO Ladies' Black Mercerized Petticoats, $1.00 and $1.19. .89c. ech Ladies' Lawn Waists, Emb. trim., $1.25 89c. each 9x12 ft. Tapestry Brussel Rugs $16.00 $13.49 27x54 in. Best Axminster Rugs, $2.50 $1.98 KATZ BROS Inc. IN HIS DEN ! NAT B. EGELSTON, POPULAR GRADUATE NURSE, HONES DALE, DOCTORS SICK LION, WHEN ALL OTHERS SHRINK KROM TACKLING THE JOB GETS HIS RIGHT HAND BADLY SCRATCHED FROM ANOTHER FELINE, WHILE BANDAGING WOUNDED FOOT. "I was pretty near scared to death," said Nat B. Eglcston, a grad uate trained nurse, in describing to a reporter the exciting time he had in 'doctoring' a sick lion in charge of J. Glass, tho animal trainer who is exhibiting six Intelligent lions at the Lyric Theatre, Wednesday and Thursday nights of this week. "I extracteda little foreign organ ic substance from the front fore leg down near the cannon bono. It waB just an abrasion of the skin. The Hon got hurt on the car somewhere. I wasn't at ease either when I was doing It. I went Into an apartment. The keeper guaranteed that he was perfectly safe, but he put his arm around his neck all the time I was working. The Hon had injured his foot and Infection had set in, and I had to put a "compost" on it. I got a finger ou my right hand scratched; no bite, just a scratch," continued Mr. Egleston, by way ot explaining his bandaged right hand. The veterinary refused to go and ab solutely refused to answer the call, it is said, so Mr. Egleston, who Is caring for James Manning at the Ho tel Wayne was sent for. "All I got for doing It," remarked Mr. Egles ton, "was a $2 bill. It took me about thirty minutes. I just put some adhesive over it so it wouldn't show. Well, I was glad to get out," modestly admitted Mr. Egleston. Prof. Lukens was naturally a little afraid about the welfare of his Hons, having lost "Prince,." the largest of the seven who died at Carbondale last Friday night, aged eight years. "Prince" was valued at 51.000, and his body was shipped to New York from Honesdale Monday. Immedi ately after his death, Prince was skinned and tho hide will be stuffed and mounted and kept on exhibition at the home of J. Glass, the trainer, in Rending. Mr. Egelston received tho scratch on his right hand from another one ot the Hons, who put his paw out between the Iron bars of the cage, and gave him a "love tap," as he was working on the Injured animal's bruised leg.