the citizen, Wednesday, dec. s, loos.
ATELLITES USE
OF MOON'S GRATERS
Their Impact the Explanation
Given by Prof. See, of the
United States Navy
LUNA IS THE EARTH'S CAPTIVE
And Other Planets Held In Captivity
by 8uno, Which Caught Them In
Their Flight Unexpeoted Light on
Origin of Universe.
San Francisco, Cal. Extending and
completing his researches on the ori
gin of the planets and satellites of
the solar system, earlier accounts of
-which were made public a few months
ago, Professor T. J. J. See, the astron
omer In charge of the Naral Obaerrar
tory at Mare Island, gave to the as
tronomical Society of tho Pacific an
explanation of the origin of the cra
ters of tho moon, and proceeded to
apply the new thoory to the obliqui
ties of the planets which overcame
the last difficulty in tho way of the
"Capture Theory," recently advanced
by him as supplanting the nebular hy
pothesis of Laplace.
Professor See announced that the
lunar craters were undoubtedly due
to the Impact of smaller satellites
against the surface of the moon, and
not to volcanic action, as had been be
lieved generally since tho time of Gali
leo. The view that the lunar craters
might bo due to Impact had occurred
to Proctor as long ago as 1873, and
had been mentioned as a curiosity by
Newcomb In 1878; while It had besn
more fully developed by Dr. O. K. Gil
bert of the United States Geological
Survey in 1892. But the Impact tho
ory had never been accepted by geo
logists or astronomers, and was not
mentioned In any recent works on as
tronomy, so great has been the force
of traditional opinion Inclining to the
old volcanic theory.
Professor See, however, pointed out
detailed reasons which, he thinks ab
solutely decisive against the volcanic
theory, and remarked that there
would now be less difficulty in seeing
the truth of the impact theory than
formerly, because he had recently
proved that the moon Is not a part of
the earth thrown oft by rapid rota
tion, but a planet captured from space.
The new theory of the capture of tho
moon had been favorably received by
the scientific world, but it would be
of still greater use in bringing to
light other discoveries, such as those
i announced to-night
Dr. See said a typical crater on the
' moon was a large circular depression,
with steep walls Inside and sloping
walls outside, and a small pea m the
centre, with the top of it below the
average level of the lunar surface. If
any one supposed the craters to be
volcanic. It was Impossible to account
(or the depressions Where the craters
stand; and no forces directed from
within could dig out the circular
trough about the peak In the centre.
Then, too, the way the craters Uo
over one another shows that they are
nothing but satellite indentations.
About the newer craters, as Coperni
cus, Tycho and Arlstarchus, the
bright rays radiating in all directions
show that at the time of tho collisions
the force of the Impact was such that
matter was melted, vaporised and
driven out from theso centres In all
directions. A satellite hitting the
moon might have its temperature
raised to 4,000 degrees or higher, and
the blight rays from the craters were
due to the spattering of highly heat
ed matter.
Dr. See announced that he had now
proved that tho planets had been cap
tured by the sun, and that their orbits
had been gradually reduced in slxe
and rounded up under the secular ac
tion of a resisting medium; that the
satellites likewise had been captured
by their several planets, and had had
their orbits transformed In the same
manner; finally that tho moon had
been captured by the earth, and the
craters on its surface had been form
ed by the Impact of satellites, when
the moon revolved among the aster
oids or further out. The time Invol
ved in the formation of the solar sys
tem was to be reckoned In billions of
years may have elapsed since the
moon was captured by the earth. All
the principal phenomena of the solar
system were now fully explained in
accordance with known mechanical
laws, and astronomers had gained an
unexpected light on tho origin of th
systems of the universe.
TEARS RESTORE HI3 8IQHT.
Prodigal's Return Causes Father to
Weep Away His Blindness.
Sioux City, Iowa. The sight of
"William Holloway has been suddenly
restored to him, following a brief
spell of weeping.
When Thomas Holloway, a son who
'had net been home in a long time,
came here on a visit, the father buried
his face on the son's shoulder and
wept Wiping away the tears Mr,
Holloway suddenly exclaimed: "I eaa
see you, Tom!" The light bad re
turned to his eyes.
Prod lota Aecplno 'Bus.
London. Ballin Blade, speaking at
a meeting of the Homber Cycle and
Motor Company at Coveatry, said that
he beltevdd that wHMn the next tew
years aereylaaM wsaU be buHt to
err as osmifcwss tar Xkm eesryteg
mm
A GOOD HENHOUSE.
It Will Comfortably Accommodate
Over a Hundred Hens.
This henhouse is designed for 109
bens but by crowding It fill hold 150.
It Is built 20 foet by 10, 3 1-2 feet high
at rear and nine feet at front This
plan Is for a shlnglo roof. It Iron Is
used the front can be lowered If de
sired. The roosts are hung on the
back Bide with hinges, so they can be
raised when tho house Is cleaned. In
Front Elevation of House,
the front are two windows 10x12
Inches, two ventilators and tho door.
Tho windows ore placed low down so
as to got as much sun as possible.
T
7T
M I I I I i I I I ULi
XO FT
Floor Plan of House.
Roosts are 16 Inches apart The nest
boxes at one side are 12 inches square.
Poultry House Ventilation.
It is a very difficult matter to venti
late a poultry house without causing
draughts of air on tho fowls at night
Tho proper mode Is to keep the poul
try house clean, leave the doors open
during the day, and shut the house at
night, allowing no ventilation at alL
We have found that it is very difficult
to keep the fresh air from coming in,
and it Is a fact that many who take
pains to render the poultry house
warm and comfortable, by stopping
all cracks with paper, make a hole in
tho roof or gable ends, which they
style a "ventilator," and thus let in
more cold than they desire.
There is not as much foul air in a
poultry house as may be supposed.
The severe cold renders all gases
heavy, and less volatile matter exists.
Fll a poultry house with smoke, and
close the door; then step outside and
notice where it escapes. Tou will at
once be convinced that you need no
"ventilator," and that despite all our
precautions, your house is full of air
holes that you cannot eaelly close.
and your birds are liable to roup and
other disease, due to cold draughts of
air over them at night
Egg Tests.
A good egg will sink in water.
Stale eggs are glassy sad smooth of
shell.
A fresh egg has a Ume-Uke surface
to its shell.
Tho boiled eggs which adhere to
the shell are fresh laid.
Eggs packed in bran for a long tints
smell and taste musty.
Thin shell are caused by a lack of
gravel, etc., among the hens laying
After an egg has been laid a day or
more the shell comes oft easily when
boiled.
A boiled egg which is done will dry
quickly on the shell when taken from
the kettle.
Eggs which have been packed in
lime look stained and show the action
of the lime on tho surface.
If an egg is clean and golden in ap
pearance when held to the light. It Is
good; if dark or spotted, it is bad.
Breeding Poultry.
The tendency among all poultry
raisers at tho present time la to hare
one breed of fowls, and not have such
a mixture of breeds In their flocks as
was formerly and Is still tho case.
Much better results and larger profits
can be obtained with pure bred fowls
than with mixed breeds. Wherever
we see a nice flock of fowls, all of one
breed, we see a farm well kept and
prosperous. In order to find out for
yourself whether pure bred fowls do
better than a mixed breed, put up for
ty scrub fowU such as you see about
almost all farms, in one lot, and for
ty pure bred fowls In another lot; give
both lots the same care and treatment
and you will find at the end of sev
eral months that the pure bred flock
has layed more eggs and mode bigger
profits than tho mixed flocks.
Poultry Notes.
Boiled oats or other grain makes a
good laying feed.
Be sure the hens are. provided with
a dust bath.
Old bens make the best mothers,
but the pullets are the better layers.
The breed you like best Is tho best
breed for you to keep.
By running vegetable parings,
bones small potatoes, dry bread and
other scraps through a bone cutter
each day and feeding It to the hens,
you will have eggs when others bar
none.
Be Prepared.
Oet ready for the boaey flow a
give tho bees every cbaaoe to build
up. Section boxes and brood frame
should also be rotten In readiness. It
la easy to bulbs re bees whea uw yra-
i I
EH C3
yaraUry work u doss,
I Of Tniarasf
to Women
What lha Aeroplane Owes to Miss
Catherine WrigbHESrotW Eaperi
MaUd According to Their Sister's
Calcnlatloas Mlsa WriM Cerrs-
spoaded with Fardgn Officials.
Miss Wright made the calculation
and her brothers made tho experi
ments. The three worked together.
Beforo any demonstration was made,
before her brothers had tested the
machine they were building, Mlas
Wright knew that it was possible for
man to fly. She was the first woman
In the world to know It positively.
She knew it because she horself had
made tho calculations. She was will
ing to stake what little money she
had saved from her salary as a school
teacher, along with the smaller
amount her brothers had saved, upon
the outcome of the device to be made
according to her calculations. She
staked It and she won.
When the machine was completed
and was found to be a success, and
It became desirable to get In touch
with tho nations of the world, it was
Catherine Wright who brought the
aeroplane to the attention of the men
who would have to be dealt with. The
letters which the representatives of
foreign governments received were
written by this woman in tho name of
her brothers.
All this time Miss Wright was going
dally to the schoolroom. Even their
neighbors did not know she took any
Interest in the flying machine They
knew that it was characteristic of the
Wrights to be devoted to one another.
But they did not know that this pati
ent school teacher had mastered the
intricacies of the air and that she had
been in correspondence with govern
ments, carrying on the promotion end
of the flying machine.
Even after the Wright aeroplane
had become famous and her brothers
were demonstrating it to the world,
Miss Wright continued her occupation
of teaching. It was not until Orvllle
Wright met with the accident at Fort
Wright, which came near costing him
his life, that she gave up her position
and hastened to him. She remained
until he was able to travel, took him
home, nursed him to health and ac
companied him on his trip to France.
Her 8ad Mistake.
The clubwoman closed her book on
"Domestic Responsibility," and, with
a tinge of remorse, went out on the
lawn, where her children were at
play.
"Mary," she Informed her children's
nurse, "I've neglected my young ones
for the clubs too much these last few
years, and I'm going to try and make
amends. Now, this afternoon I intend
to dress one of them with my own
hands and take it for an outing in the
park."
It was quite late that afternoon
when tho reformed clubwoman, after
pushing a go-cart containing the
youngster she had selected and pre
pared for its outing about the spacious
public park for several hours, started
toward home. She had hardly come
within sight of it when the nurse
rushed up, palpably agitated.
"Oh, mum"
"The child's all right, Mary," the
mother announced, by way of assur
ance. "I humored It all the afternoon
with sweets and fruit."
"But, mum," cried the nurse, en
deavoring to regain her breath, "Mrs.
Smith next door's been scared into a
fit, the perllce has been notified and
or, Lord, mum!"
"Dont act so, Mary I Why should
you get so excited over that hysterical
Mrs. Smith?"
"You've gone and took her child,
mum I" Tit-Bits.
Dangerous to Suppress Feelings.
It Is better, especially If you are a
woman, not to suppress your emo
tions, advises Dr. Samuel McComb, of
Emmanuel Church, Boston, writing on
causes of nervousness in Harper's Ba-
lar. These strangulated emotions,
these griefs and moral wounds and
deep-rooted but frustrated desires of
which you never speak oven to your
dearest, are the causes of your head'
ache, your nervous dyspepsia, the ir
ritation of your blood and flesh. Have
a heart to heart talk wltn a dear
friend or a trusted adviser, and watch
thorn' disappear. Women, especially,
will carry moral wretchedness con
cealed in their hearts for years, says
the writer, with the Inevitable result
of a nervous catastrophe. Mr. Mc
Comb thinks such as these will do
well to relieve themselves by confld
lng their troubles "either to a wise
minister of religion or to a psychologl
cally trained-physician."
Laughs at Superstitions.
Mrs. Peter Leys of Qrand Rapids,
Mich., believes It is lucky to walk un
dor a ladder and to raise an umbrella
in the house. She laughs at super
stition, and never is happier than
when she spills salt or breaks a ralr
ror. Thirteen has been her lucky
number. Many of ber brightest ex
perionces have fallen on the 13th of
the month, and on August 13, which
was a Friday, she gave birth to her
thirteenth child.
An exoellent way to brush down
dusty walls is to take a roll of cotton
batting and fasten a thick pad of it
on the end of a stick. With this go
over all the wall surface, burning the
cotton as It becomes soiled and re
newing the pad. This method Is
coaoraleal and efficient morn so thaa
the ord'aary cloth, whleb. Is toe Ubb
MODEL PRESENTATION SPEECH.
How the German Mechanic Put In It a
Little Sentiment.
John Smith bad worked for the
Valro corporation for forty-two years
and decided to quit Tho eompaay ia
consideration of his long and faithful
service arranged to give him a aaone
tary recognition. The superlate&d,.
ant of the works, a German and an
extra good mechanic, was asked to
present it Ho was advised to we a
littlo sentiment in making the pre
sentation speech, and this is the way
he did it:
"Joan, you haff work tor the com
pany orer forty years T"
Tea."
"Tou are going to qultf
"Tee."
"Veil! They are so Urn glad of it
that they asked me to hand you tkls
hundred dollars."
YOUNGER.
"Don't you think this dress makes
me look younger, Eusoblo?"
"Tea, my dear, easily a hundred
years younger." Sourire.
Heard at Breakfast
T used to be a weather prophet in
my home town," confided the new
boarder as he speared a potato with
his fork.
"Sot" commented the eomediaa
boarder laconically.
"Tee, and every time I look at that
steak it reminds me of a winter's
cay."
"How cor
"Cold and raw."
"Quite ciever. How does the coffee
strike your
That reminds me of a November
day cloudlr and unsettled."
"Good. And do you notice that the
landlady is w-tching usT"
"Tea, aad -he reminds see of a
March dayf"
Tell as why."
"Because aba is cold aad eesmy."
Aad tho look that the lem2ady
passed down to that eod of the table
would have cemsjealed a red-hot stove.
LHtte Wrilla Knew.
Little Willis, the sen of a Genaan
town woman, was playtng one day
with the girl next door, when the lat
ter exclaimed:
"Dont you hear your mother call
ing youT That's three tk oea she's
done so. Aren't you going InT"
"Not yet," responded Will la im
pert urb ably.
"Wont she whip youf" demanded
the little girl, awed.
"Naw!" exclaimed Willie, in dis
gust "She aia't goin' to whip no
body! She's got company. Bo, when
I go In, shell Just say: The poor lit
tle man has been so deaf since he's
had the measles!'" Edwin Tarrisse,
in Llpplneott's.
Why Didnt ShsT
A little boy of 5 years, playing with
his sister one day, leaned too far out
of the second-story window, lost his
balance and fell Into the yard below,
Very miraculously he escaped being
Injured, and his parents and friends
were so delighted that they gave him
quite a number of pennies, nickels and
dimes.
The next day, after ho recovered
from tho shock of the fall, he was
counting his money, and on seeing his
little Bister enter the room, exclaimed:
"Gee, Gladys, look at all the money
I got for falling out of the window
Why dent you try ltT" The Delinea
tor.
The Patient Mule.
The kind-hearted woman was very
solicitous about a mule belonging
to Eraatus Plnkley. The mule had a
sad and and heavy appearance, and
never looked more 'dejected than
when Its proprietor brought it up with
a flourish at the front gate, says a
writer In the Washington Star.
"Do you ever abuse that mule of
yours?" she inquired one day.
"Lan' sake, miss," answered Mr.
Eraatus, "I should say not I Dat mule
has had me on do defensive foh de
las' six yoars." Youth's Companion
Cought with the Goods.
"Hogan's cow bruk Into the straw
berry patch this mornln', sorr, an' It's
hlvvy damages ye sh'uld git from
him."
"It's ao use, Patrick. He'll be sure
to swear it was someooay else's cow:
"The dlvil a bit sorr; he can't 01
skat tho baste In there fur Ividence."
Jwege.
A Learned Lessen.
Teacher James,- what Is grammar?
CasaM (fcNaa Jattalo) Grammar Is
wMek mm us ow to
HIMALAYAS MOVING SOUTH.
Maamtalns Also Increased Their
Height In Earttteake of 1KXJ.
At tho conference of the Interna
tional Geodetic Associatloa at Cam
bridge, Lieut Col. Burrard said that
recent leveling operations) ia India
showed that the Blwalik range gained
a few centimeters in height in the
great earthquake of 1006. Geologists
believe that the whole mass of the
Himalayas and Tibet was being push
ed south, and wrinkling up a new
range out of the alluvial plain.
Two facts supported this view the
folds of the new mountains conform
ed to the shape of the quadrilateral
of old mountains In Southern India,
as if they were .being squeesed up
against an Immovable butt; and the
compensation of gravity was more
nearly complete ia the new mountains
than in the old. The surrey authori
ties had recently laid down six lines
of bench marks, which would be re
observed every ten years to examine
this very Interesting question. Lon
don Standard.
The Moon's Troubles.
The sun attracts both the earth and
the moon, and, as they are always
either at different distances from the
sun, they will be differently attracted
by tho sun; and hence their relative
motions will be disturbed. Thus rise
the perturbations of .the moon's ap
parent motions.
Did Good Work Early.
At 29 Sclplo gained the- battle of
Pana and James Watts revolutionized
the industries of the earth by making
steam the most powerful agency In
tho progress of mankind. It was at
this age, 29, that Shelley died after en
riching the world of literature with
htq unrivaled pootry.
Henry Snyder & Son.
602 & 604 Lackawanna Ave., Scranton. Pa.
PAY HIGHEST MARKET PRICES FOR
Poultry, Efgs, Butter, Lambs, Calves and Live Stock.
Apples in Season
A SQUARE DEAL FOR THE FARMER.
Old Phone 588 B New Phone 1123
i-i"i"i"i"!"H"i"i"i"i"i"i"i"i"i"i"i-
Telephone Announcement
This company is preparing to do extensive construction
work in the
Honesdale Exchange District
which will greatly improve the service and enlarge the
system
Patronize the Independent Telephone Company
which reduced telephone rates, anddo not contract for any
other service without conferring with our
Contract Department Tel. No. 300.
CONSOLIDATED TELEPHONE CO. of PENNSYLVANIA.
Foster Building.
We Pay the Freight
No charge for packing this chair
It is sold for GASH
at BROWN'S FURNITURE STORE
at $4.50 each
Roll of
HONOR
Attention ia called to the STRENGTH
of tho
Wayne County
MI ill
The FINANCIER of New York
City has published a ROLL 01
HONOR of the 11,470 State Banks
and Trust Companies of United
States. In this list tho WAYNE
COUNTY SAVINGS BANK
Stands 38th in the United States
Stands 10th in Pennsylvania.
Stands FIRST in Wayne County.
Capital, Surplus, $455,000.00
Total ASSETS, $2,T33,000.00
Honesdale. Pa., May 29 1908.,
.w..h..i..h..i..:..x..m..i..i..:..i..mI'
KRAFT & CONGER
HONESDALE, PA.
Represent Reliable
Companies ONLY
f pMssBgyrs.
to do the work wjjl