THE CITIZEN, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 30, 1000.
mm
GOOD POULTRY HOUSE.
Can Bo Made Either a Very Costly or
a Very Cheap Affair.
As a great many farmers take the
hen fever when eggs are high, I here
with present a pen sketch which will
be of service to some one who Is con
templating the building of a poultry
house in the spring.
The ground plan is 12 feet by 30
feet, and is divided into parts each 12
feet by 10 feet
The compartment on the right la
used as a winter roosting and laying
place.
The center as a scratching shed In
the winter and a shelter from rain and
sun during the summer.
The room at the left Is used dur-
ins the winter as a place of exercise
and In which to feed mashes and to
water the fowl. This room also con
tains the dust boxes and where the
feed is stored.
A, A, A, In the dotted squares repre
sent the windows or their location in
the front of the bouse. B, B, is sided
up solid to the line running from B
to B one and one-half feet high.
The line running from C to C is the
top of a four-feet high poultry netting
which runs the entire length of the
house.
There is a drop curtain arranged In
each room to come down next to this
wire in stormy weather or cold nights.
From C, C, to top of the house is
planked up solid except the windows,
as shown in A, A, A, D,D,D, the nest
boxes under the dropping board N.
There are two rows of nests one
facing the scratching shed, the other
facing the right-hand room. A trap
nest may be arranged very conveni
ently here.
E is a drop curtain in front of the
roosts in the winter department,
which is to be let down at night. F is
the roosting poles in the winter quar
ters.
G is the roosting poles in the sum
mer roosting quarters.
H, H, the doors of poultry netting.
I the little door that leads from the
scratching shed to the end room.
J, cut straw scattered on the floor
of the scratching shed In which to
scatter wheat, rye, oats and corn.
K, the dust box.
L, drinking fountain.
M, M, M, the floor, which should be
of sand and gravel.
N, the dropping board in winter
roosting department.
A house of these dimensions should
be nine feet in front and seven feet
tall in the rear. It may he made of
any stuff at hand, or to suit the build
er.
It can be made a very costly affair,
or it may be gotten up very reasona
bly.
STARTING A FLOCK.
Should the Beginner Buy a Breeding
Pen or Eggs for Hatching
While attending the Maine State
Poultry Exhibition, I was asked by a
man who was contemplating starting
a flock in the spring which was the
better way to buy a breeding pen or
to buy eggs for hatching. This ques
tion is puzzling a good many at this
time. There are points in favor of
each course.
To get a start either way with birds
of reasonably good quality one should
consider that he must Invest at least
$10. He can spend this and get two
sittings of eggs from prize winning
stock, and if he waits until the stock
Is on range he should be reasonably
Bure of sixteen chicks. These chicks,
with proper care and feeding, would
most likely develop into birds super
ior to any he might get from a ?10
trio, for the mating would doubtless
be better done by an amateur. In
many cases the surplus males would
be of quality to sell for sufficient to
pay the Initial cost of eggs. Before
beginning with any breed one should
make a sufficient study of his chosen
breed to be able to Judge with reason
able accuracy of the merits and value
of his birds, so as to sell understand-
lngly,
For a beginning with little money
to spend It would seem safer to pur
chase a trio or more of good, repre
sentatlve birds, and grow into the
fancier step by step by selection and
grading up. In this way he will bet-
ter understand his business, and from
a small flock, by buying other bens for
brooders and prolonging his batching
season, he can raise a considerable
number of chicks, some of which
should be superior to their sires and
dams, which can be used for still fur
ther Improvement the following year.
Good Dry Math.
A mixture of bran, shorts, and corn
meal In equal parts kept In the kltch
en makes the preparation of a mash
for laying hens easy. While the din
ner Is cooking throw all table waste,
regetable and apple parings into a
kettle and bofl till done, season u for
the table with salt and pepper, and
thicken with the mixed meals. II
there are no meat scraps add a tea-
spoonful of beef scraps for each ben
Terr other day.
NEW SHORT STORiES
General Grant's Early Days.
Mrs. Emma Dent Casey, writing la
the Circle Magazine of her memories
of General Grant, refutes some popu
lar legends which have been cur
rent:
There Is the famous story of Cap
tain Grant llting in such poverty that
he had to haul his poor little fagots
of wood through the city with an os
team and blow on his ungloved fingers
to keep them from freezing.
The truth is that he and his negroes
cut the wood, and he often sent one of
them to the city with a load to sell to
the families of a Mr. Blow and Mr.
Bernard. Mr. Bernard was the broth
er of my brother John's wife. During
the Christmas holidays one winter the
negro who generally drove the team
for Captain Grant was ill, and there
vvns no one to send In his place.
The captain's St. Louis friends sent
him word that they were out of wood.
and accordingly he hitched up his
team of white horses to his big wagon,
loaded on the wood and hauled it to
the city himself. lie probably hauled
several loads in this way. I do not
know how many. Any other man
"WHY, GIUNT, WHAT A11C YOU 1)01X0.'"
with the panic temper or spirit and
the snine lack of false pride would
have done the same.
On one of these trips ns the captain
was driving along seated on his load
of wood he suddenly came face to face
with General Harney and his stall.
The general, resplendent In n new uni
form and gold trimmings, eyed the
figure of the farmer on the wagon
with astonishment. Then he drew in
his horse, Grant stopped his team.
and the pair smiled into each other"s
eyes.
'Why. Grant, what in blazes are you
doing?" exclaimed Harney.
The captain, sitting comfortably
atop his load of wood, with his ax and
whlpstoek at his side, shifted one mud-
dv boot across the other and drawled:
"Well, general, I am hauling wood."
The thing was so obvious and Grant
so naive that General Harney and his
staff roared with laughter. They shook
his hand and joked with him and final
ly carried him off to dine with them
at the Planters hotel. That is the
true story of Captain "Run-down-at-the-heels"
Grant peddling wood for a
pittance in the streets.
The Happiest.
In the smoking room of the Finland,
discussing a Juno wedding, Andrew
Carnegie said:
"And, thank goodness, it wasn't an
international marriage, though the
bride did have eighteen millions.
"Not," appended Mr. Carnegie, "that
I object to International marriages
wherein the two parties are good and
honorable and well matched. But so
many of these marriages arc like one
that a Boston cynic described to me,
'Was it a happy marriage t I asked
this Bostonian,
'Oh. ouite,' said he. 'The bride was
happy, her mother was overjoyed,
Lord Lacland was in ecsfcsies, and his
creditors, I understand, were in a state
of absolutely delirious and uncontrol
lablo bliss.' "
A Reasonable Charge.
'A tourist In Georgia stopped over
night at the Palace hotel, In a little
village, and expressed a desire to taste
Georgia possum," said Henry S,
Weaver of Atlanta, Ga. "The whole
possum, cooked In genuine Georgia
strle. with taters on the side, was
placed before him.
" 'Two dollars extra for the possum,'
said the landlord when the guest came
to settle.
'It's an outrage,' said the guest
"'It's 'cordln' to the way you look
at it. stranger, said the landlord, 'but
it took me six nights' swamp wadln'
to ketch that possum, an' when
kotched him I kotched the rbeuma
tlsm with him.' "Washington Times,
Mean People.
Henry Russell, the head of the Bos
ton Opera, was describing his foreign
tour In search of talent
"They were mean people," bo said
of the singers of a certain city. "I
could do no business with them. They
thought only of money."
Mr. Russell smiled.
"They were ns bad as the man who
discovered the Blank theater fire.
"The first intimation tho box office
had of this fire camo at tho end of the
third act from a fat man -who bounded
downr'tbe gallery stairs, stuck his face
In at tho ticket window and shouted
breathlessly:
" 'Theater's afire! Gimme me money
tack!'"
TOO HIGH.
The Way was lung and the Hungci
Great But "Principles Is Principles".
The New York Tribune says that an
old man boarded a train at a station
on the Pennsylvania Railroad, carry
ing in one hand an umbrella tied up
with a shoe string, and in the other
an old valise that looked as if it might
have been with Lee at Appomattox.
He sat down near the door, deposited
his property beside him, and beckon
ed to a train boy who was Just then
passing with a basket.
"Got anything ter eat, young feller?"
"Sandwiches ham, chicken and
tongue."
"Are they fresh?"
"Certainly."
"There ain't no 'certainty' about it,"
objected the old man. "The sandwich
business is mighty ticklish In hot
weather."
"They're freBh," said the boy, im
patiently, "only been made an hour."
"I'd rather like a chicken sandwich
if I knowed I wouldn't draw a wing.'
"No wings, sir; all clear meat."
" '.Spose you let me see one of them
sandwiches."
"Can't, sir; they're all wrapped up.
Take one?"
"How much do you ask for 'em?"
"Ten cents."
"I don't want a dozen; how much
for one?"
"Ten cents."
"Great day 'n moinin'!" gasped the
aid man. "Ten cents for two bites of
bread an' a smell of chicken. I'm
hungry enough to eat a pickaxe, but
I'm game, an I tell you what, before
I pay ten cents for' one little sand
wich, I'll set here and roll my eyes
and swoller, all the way to Boylter-
mer."
SIGNS OF THE TIMES.
First Boarder (dismally) Well, I
see we're going to have spinach again
to-morrow.
Second Boarder How can you tell?
First Boarder Why, the hired man
is out there cutting the front lawn.
A Comfcrtable Seat.
A certain stately, middle-aged lady
has the habit of adding on to her sen
tences phrases out of their natural or
der, thereby not infrequently electri
fying her hearers. Recently she was
greatly surprised to have the follow
ing simple statement of hers greeted
with shouts of laughter: "When 1 ar
rived at the house, there as the
minister sitting on a chair and three
ladies."
Too True.
"No one understands me!" he groan
ed; "no one on earth."
It is the old story wrung from many
a tortured, youthful heart. The suffer
er is generally mistaken, but the pain
is no less poignant Yet in this in
stance the man's complaint was true.
Nobody on earth could understand
him.
For he was an announcer of trains
at the Union Depot.
Their Latest Game.
A busy mother who was distracted
by the noise in the nursery hastened
to the room and said to her little
daughter:
"Minnie, what do you mean by
shouting and screaming? Play quiet
ly, like Tommy. See, he doesn't
make a sound."
"Of course he doesn't," said the lit
tle girl. "That is our game. He is
papa coming home late, and I am you."
A Politician.
"I'm afraid I'll never be able to
teach you anything, Maggie," was the
despairing utterance of a Trenton
woman to a new Irish domestic.
"Don't you know that you should al
ways hand me notes and cards on a
salver?"
"Sure, mum, I knew," answered
Maggie, "but I didn't know you did."
Fierce, All Right.
"Now." said the teacher, who had
been describing the habits of bears,
"what is the fiercest animal In the
polar regions, Johnny?"
"Why-er-er," stammered Johnny.
"Come, don't you remember? The
pol "
"Oh, sure! The pole cat"
Wanted a Puther.
"What did the new neighbors come
to borrow now?"
"They wanted the lawn mower."
"Is that nil?"
"That was all they spoke about,
but I think from the day they stood
around they liked to have borrowed
my husband to run it"
An Observant Youth.
Sunday-school Teacher What wad
Adam's punishment for eating the for
bidden fruit, Johnnie?
Johnnie (confidently) He hwl to
marry Eve.
DAIRY ft
CREAMERY
SYMPTOMS OF EGOTISM.
Cattle Are Most Susceptible to This
Dread Disease.
Ergot is a fungus that forms on
the heads of grasses and grains.
The ergotized seeds several times
larger than the natural seeds, are
hard, black and slightly curved. Rye,
blue grass, oats and red-top may con
tain the ergot. Ergot is most com
monly developed on rich soils, In hot
seasons, especially when considerable
moisure is present.
Cattle are most susceptible to the
disease. When eaten, ergot produces
a contraction and finally a closing of
the blood vessels In the extremities of
the body limbs, tail and ears with
the result that the parts below the
line of obstruction die and later drop
off. Pregnant cows may abort It is
not uncommon to see a steer or a cow
with but one toe on a foot, or the ab
sence of the entire foot
The first symptom of ergotism Is a
slight lamenesB In one or more limbs,
later a dark line forms around the
limb somewhere between the knee and
the hoof. The line deepens Into a
crack containing pus. This crack
showB the line of separation between
the dead and the living tissues of the
limb.
The affected animals should have a
change of feed and should then be
given a physic to get rid of any ergot
In the intestines. Then give tannin
in one-half drachm doseB twice dally
for a few days to destroy the ergot
not absorbed. To increase the cir
culation in the extremities, chloral hy
drate, in one-half ounce doses, twice
daily, is often beneficial. Affected
parts should be bathed with as hot
water as the animal can stand; after
this apply disinfectants to the skin,
such as zenoleum (a teaspoonful to a
quart of water). When the foot ias
started to come off, nothing can be
done for the animal, and It is best to
put It out of misery. C. L. Barnes, D.
V. M.
Temperature for Churning.
The proper temperature for churn
ing is the lowest temperature which
can be used and produce proper gran
ules within a reasonable time. A rea
sonable time is from thirty to forty-
five minutes, and fifty minutes or an
hour is not too long. The colder the
temperature, the better the granules
and the less fat lost. The real churn
lng temperature is the temperature
at which the butter breaks. This is
from two to four degrees higher than
the starting temperature, from the
friction of the machine. If the gran
ules form in less than 25 minutes, you
may he certain that the temperature
was higher than it should have been.
If the butter comes in 15 minutes or
lesii, a large amount of fat is lost In
the buttermilk and the butter will be
soft and greasy in texture. Ordlnar
llv from 5 decrees to CO degrees is
about the right temperature.
This Dutch-belted Heifer Took the
First Prize at the International
Live Stock Show In 1909.
Cause of Bloody Milk.
Bloody milk may be caused by a
variety of conditions. Dr. Schroeder
declares that some claim that the cow,
fighting flies, kicking and throwing
the body to and fro, will tend to rup'
ture the small blood vessels and thus
cause the trouble. Others hold that
the steady diet of green, succulent
food and perhaps the derangement of
the blood caused by certain weeds
bring on thi3 trouble. The latter
opinion the doctor is inclined to be'
lieve, for it has been his observation
that many cases can be cured by
changing the pasture or changing the
feed. "We have cured cases of
bloody milk," he goes on to say, "by
giving sulphur and saltpeter mixed
half and half in the feed. Whether
or not this is a sure cure I can not
say, but it might be worth trying."
Old Pan Process Bad.
By the old pan process of raising
cream in the summer time much of
tho butter fat Is lost, as It falls to
rise. The milk Is soured by the time
little more than half the cream con
tained in the milk has risen to the
surface, and that which has already
risen Is soured beyond the point
where It makes good butter. In the
summer a hand separator is needed
to get all the cream. In the winter
one Is needed to get the cream separ
ated from the milk as quickly as pos
sible that the milk may go to the
calves or pigs with the animal heat
still there. There is no season of the
year when the hand separator is not
Just the machine to have on the dairy
farm.
Grow Dairy Feed.
To realize the best profit from dairy
cows all the feed should be grown up
on the farm.
Walt Till Cream Is Ripe.
When cream Is not ripe for churn
lng you will lose much of the butter
'at
INTERNATIONAL NEWSPAPER
BIBLE STUDY CLUB.
Answer One Written Question
Each Week For Fifty-Two
Weeks and Win a Prize.
J-iy 4th, 1252.
(Copyright, 1909, !y Rev. T. S. Linscott. D.D.)
Paul's Second Missionary Journey.
.-Antloch to Philippl. Acta xv:U t
tvl:l5.
Golden Text Come over into Mace
donia and help us. Acts xvi:9.
Verse 36 Is it generally necessary
to follow up any good work which wo
have commenced if we would make it
a success?
Verses 37-39 Would it hava been
wiser if Barnabas had first consulted
Paul In the matter of taking Mark?
Barnabas was a relative of Mark;
ire we as good judges of the fitness
5f our relatives for an office as we are
3f the fitness of others? Why?
Why Is nepotism in government ap
pointments, looked upon with suspi-
lonT
Had Paul, probably, good reason for
objecting to taking John and Mark
with them? (See Acts xUi:13.)
If a man shows lack of courage, or
tact, or faithfulness. In one position.
does that disqualify him In any meas
ure, from getting another, or from
success when In another position?
If both Paul and Barnabas had been
duplicates of the man Jesus, would
there have been this quarrel between
them, and how would the matter like
ly have been settled7 (This question
must be answered by members of the
lub.)
When two Christians fall out, is one
or both always to be blamed?
Versos 40-41 Did the dispute be
tween these men work out for good,
as It resulted in two missionary dep
utations Instead of one?
By any process of reasoning can
jrou conclude that God was back of
this dispute, between these two godly
men, so as to better work out hi
purposes?
Chap. yvl:l-3 Should ministers.
and other Christians, be on the look
out for young men who are fitted for
the ministry, the same as business
men are for good salesmen?
What can you say for, or against
Paul circumcising Tlmotheus, in view
af the decision of the council at Jeru
salem? (See Acts xv:l-29.)
In matters of habit, or ceremony,
3r non-essentials. Is it well for us to
;lve way to the views of othors, sink
ing our own preferences when we can
accomplish good by so doing? For
example, you may oppose wearing
'pig-tails" In this country, with wis
dom, and yet to refuse to wear one In
China may he great folly.
Verses 4-5 What were the "decrees
of the elders which
were at Jerusalem," ana are inoso
binding unon the church today? (See
Acts xv:2S-29.)
Is a church better with or without
an elaborate creed?
What did Jesus teach which is not
Included in righteousness, and tne
constant vision of God?
Will a church sound "in the faith,
always bo a magnet to draw others
to It?
Verses G-S Why did the Holy Spirit
forbid them to preach in Asia and
Blthynia. and would they have sinned
had they done so?
When we are hindered providential
ly from doing certain good works, is
that the Holy Spirit hindering us?
Verses 9-10 How many methods
does God adopt in leading us?
Does God in pvery emergency give
us some sure guidance as to what we
ought to do?
Was this vision Just as clear a call
from God, as though he had spoken
personally?
Verses 11-12 Does God direct the
course of tho Christian with absolute
certainly, notwithstanding wind or
sea?
Verse 13 What is one of the first
things an earnest Christian looks out
for, when he moves into a new com
munity? Are women generally in the major
ity as earnest Christians?
Verse 14 Are busy women gener
ally more spiritual than those who
have but little to do?
Should all girls be taught to earn
their own living?
Ts It easier for God to open tne i
heart of an Industrious person than I
that of an idler?
vai-ro 15 If a nerson is lnnospu-
able, or stingy. Is that a sure sign of
ungodliness? ,onn j
Lesson for Sunday, Juiy huj,
Paul's Second Missionary Journey
The Phlllppian Jailer. Acts xvi:io-.
Ancient Inscriptions.
There are not fewer than 150,000 an
cient inscriptions known to the schol
ar. In France there Is an academy of
Inscriptions, while tho French ncad
emy long ago engaged JL Renan to
undertake the production of a superla
tive work on this subject to be Illus
trated by elaborate photographic plates.
The work was begun In 18S1 and Is
still In progress. Longer ago, In 1SCS,
Mommseu, Hubner and other famous
men, acting for the Berlin academy,
began a complete collection of ancient
Latin Inscriptions. This also Is still
under way. Tho samo academy bad
already published many volumes and
translations, including 10,000 of the
20,000 ancient Greek inscriptions
known to the learned.
Tho oldest of the Phoenician in
scriptions was written 3,000 years ago,
in tho reign of Hiram, king of the
Sklonlans. It is the dedication of a
bronze vessel belonging to the temple
of Baal Lebanon. It was found at
Cvnrtis and is now In the Louvre.
8ELECTING MOTHER-BEETS.
Care
Mutt Be Taken to Pick
Out
Only Perfect Types.
The all-Important thing in beet
growing is good seed. In selecting
mother beets that is, beets from
which seeds are to be grown, the great
est care must be taken to pick out
only perfect and typical types. They
must conform to many requirements.
They must not be too large, or the
sugar contents will be too low. They
must not be too small, since small
beets are not profitable.
They mustn'thave a divided tap root
or large side roots, since the richest
part of the beet is in the lower l jut
af the root It follows that a mother
beet must not be slim, with a long,
slowly tapering root that grows deep
ly into the ground, as such roots are
sure to break in harvesting, leaving
the best part below ground.
The beets must grow entirely below
ground, as the part that grows above,
must be cut off and wasted in topping.
But It is not possible to select moth,
er beets entirely by the characteris
tics just given. Of the two beets
shown in the cut, the one on the right
appears to be the better. But alas for
appearance! Upon chemical analysis
the one on the left is far and away
above the other in desirability.
The one on the left carries 24.8 per
cent sugar in the beet, while the
other has only 14.2 per cent. Thus
the first Is better by over 10 per cent,
sugar in the beet. This leads up to
the next step in the selection of mother-beets
for seed-production.
Notes by a Working Farmer.
To make a succois of farming
avoid expenses.
Food given to unprofitable animals
Is wasted.
With a variety of stock one can
utilize all foods.
Best breeds do not insure most
profit without proper treatment.
All foods for plants must be solu
ble to be available.
It is the little economies that count
up most in the end.
A high selling price does not lessen
i the cost of production.
Concentrated foods should always
be fed with those more bulky.
It needs faith in your occupation to
bring about complete success.
It rarely pays to feed for a merely
possible increase in price.
Underfeeding stunts growth and
overfeeding is a waste of food and of
time.
There is more profit in growing an
animal than in fattening one already
grown.
Profitable feeding consists In giving
an animal all that it will eat and di
gest properly.
It is not the hardest labor, but tho
best directed labor, that accomplishes
the best results.
The nearer an article is put in con
dition to suit the purchaser the bet
ter it is for the. seller.
Good food and shelter pay well in
either case, but always best when giv
en to the best stock.
Profit in farming depends upon
three factors the cost of production,
the time consumed in producing, and
the price received.
I Oats on Rich Ground.
A Grundy County (111.) farmer asks
I whether oats will do well on a field
' which was in corn last year and on
! which the fall previous a rank growth
, of clover was turned under. He says
i that his corn crop was not what might
' have been expected from a rich clov
er sod. He also asks whether the oats
are likely to lodge on this ground. If
I our correspondent has read my arti
cles on oats, published in this paper
! during the last three or four months,
he will have observed that I recom
mend sowing oats on good ground,
and not relegating it to the poorest
piece of ground on the farm. This
soli, no doubt, in Grundy County is a
sandy loam. On account of the stores
of nitrogen which this field probably
contains I should sow one of the early
ripening varieties of oats. These
early oats grow rather a short, stiff
straw and will stand rich ground
much better than the taller varieties.
I should not sow over six pecks to the
acre, drilled in. I believe that If two
hundred pounds of ground rock phos
phate was drilled In here ahead of
the oats good results would follow.
One other thing I wish to speak of
here farmers In Grundy and adja
cent counties are practicing thin seed
ing of oats, usually five or six pecks
of tho small berry varieties and not
over eight pecks of the large berry
sorts. They claim that they get stlffer
straws, less rust and less chaffy oats.
This thin seeding is usually followed
where clover seed is sown with the
oats. L. C. Brown.