THE CITIZEN, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 23, 1000.
Graduation Exercises
Honesdale High School
(Continued from Page 1.)
grcssmtm on his first visit to
Caracas, then he became the
Governor of n small state, and
finally when Cresno was defeat
ed by his revolutionary succes
sor Andrade, Castro refused to
recognize the revolutionists
and was forced n fugitive over
the border Into Colombia. Cas
tro collected a force of sixty
men and started for Caracas.
On the way his army was
greatly ncreased and he march
ed Into the canltol assuming
control of the government. In
person he is slight, below med
ium heght, with a wiry, rest
less, surpassed energy. He
is sensitive nbout his slight
size, and the few portraits of
him have been carefully re-
touched to suggest a heavy,
thickset, sunare-shoul d o r e d
man, with a massive jaw and
a coarse, thick, black beard.
From the earliest day of his
ascendency he bent his ener
gies to the building up of a
serviceable army. The Vene
zuelan nrmy is a blind instru
ment, built so by Castro, and
, one that no longer wavers
from one revolutionary leader
to another. During these years
Castro's one aim was to make
the Government secure and
stable. He improved his army,
and built two strong forts, La
Guayra and Puerto to protect
himself from foreign foes. At
this time he commenced his
most Important work for the
Venezuelan future. This was
the making of Puerto Cabello,
a real port of entry which was
very necessary as Venezuela
had no proper harbor. Among
the numerous other things
which he started was: Building
new roads throughout the
country, establishing schools,
extending lines of communica
tion in all directions, repaying
of Caracas, and erecting many
public buildings.
The lirst menace to Castro's
government and administration
was a quarrel with Holland, the
latter county claiming that
Castro had boycotted Curacao.
For a few years all was success
but finally came the .Matos rev
olution. This Matos came to
New York and obtained $130,
000 from the Asphalt Trust for
linancing the revolution, which
he was to lead. Then followed
one of the bloodiest civil wars
in history. At first Castro ap
peared to be vanquished but
with his determination he fi
lially became victor. The next
trouble was with the French
Cable Company whom he charg
ed to have aided Alatos with
military information. These
disputes spread Castro before
the world as an absurd, bluster
ing creature, without ability
or intelligence, whose only
characteristic was an insatiate
and reckless greed. But Cas
tro's continuous successes be
gan to have their usual effect,
lie came to believe in his
Star of Debtiny, that to disagree
with him was to dispute the
greatest intelligence and ability
in the country; backed by the
divine will of Providence. Cas
tro now commenced to nation
alize many industries among
winch was the cigarette indus
try which hurt Castro much
and was in fact, the real foun
dation for the widespread dis
content and hatred of the last
iwo years that existed in
Venezuela.
A phort time ago the strain
upon Castro became too severe
and he decided to go to Ger
any for treatment. His end
if it is the end falls in a some
what melancholy way to con
tinue one of the most cherish
ed Carribbean traditions.
When Castro left for Europe,
apparently to consult physicians,
the many who knew the inside
of Latin-American politics
quietly winked the other eye.
But, as a matter of fact, he
was ill, and, contrary to ro
mantic tradition, he had the
strange taste to attempt to re
turn to his own country. The
little Venzuelan was a very real
person a great one in a way.
He came out of the western
mountains, a mere nothing at
all, and made himself Icing, as
it were, and it is not at all easy
to say that he ruled badly.
KECENT GEOGRAPHICAL DIS
COVEIUES, By Abigail M. Balrd.
We can scarcely believe af
ter considering how thoroughly
the world has been explored
that It would be possible for
any important geographical
discoveries to be made so re
cent as 1907. But to-day the
three fertile fields for pioneer
research are the regions about
the North and South Pole, and
the province of Tibet; which
has always and to a great
measure is still jealously
guarded by its Inhabitants from
the Inroads of foreigners. The
mystery surrounding its chief
city, Lassa, the wonders of Its
snow-capped mountains, and tho
dangers attending Its explora
tions have year after year at
tracted adventurous men of dif
ferent nations to Its borders.
The latest and probably the
one who has given the most sat
isfactory account of his ex
plorations is Dr. Sven Hediu.
Early In 1907 he started diagon
ally across the country and to
the amazement of the scientific
world, discovered here a range
of mountains two thousand
miles long and but little lower
In height than the Himalayas.
The surprise of this discovery h
Is greatly intensified because
of the fact that tho country
had In some parts been travers
ed but neither the travellers
nor the Tibetans themselves,
realized the extent and import
ance of the range for this sec
tion of the world Is chartered
as a comparatively level coun
try. Since tills range of moun
tains must be added to the gen
eral knowledge of the world
and placed upon the maps of
the new geographies, a dellnlte
name must be given It nnd Dr.
Hedln suggests that it be call
ed N'ln Chen Tangla, tho
name given by the natives to its
highest peak.
Ills journey through this
strange country was not accom
plished without many difficul
ties for when he had but half
of his work completed he re
ceived many letters from Chin
ese olilclnls commanding him
to leave their country at once.
A designated route was given
him and ho started for I ndla
accompanied part way by Chin
ese guards. When these guards
returned to their homes. Dr.
Hedln took advantage of his
liberty and varied from his re
strictions by ascending the
mountains he had just discover
ed. Here he was driven back
by a band of armed men and
on his descent he discovered
Shuru Tso, one of the largest
lakes in Tibet. He next ex
plored the tributaries of the
Brahmaputra river ascertaining
that they did not have their
source In the low land regions
as was hitherto supposed but
was formed by the melting snow
and Ice of three immense glac
iers. From here he entered India
and by special request of the
Hindus he had the privilege to
explore the most famous as
well as the most holy lake in
the world, .Mana'sarowar, which
lias been celebrated in religious
hymns since the time of the
Vedas and which the followers
of the Saueas consider the
home of the gods. This per
fectly round lake stretches out
between two eternal snow-capped
mountains and like most of
the lakes in Tibet is likely to
become salt. .Many days and
nights Dr. Hedln spent In ex
amining its contour, probing its
depths, studying its shore foun
matlons and terracings left by
tho water. The information he
has given us of this obscure
country will very naturally
change the face of the map of
this section of Asia.
The other successful explor
ing expedition of the past year
is the one directed by Lieuten
ant Ernest H. Shackleton of the
British navy, whose discoveries
in tho regions of the South
Pole are the most brilliant
achievements recorded in the
ice zones. In spite of untold
sufferings and diiliculties, ho
penetrated the ice fields and
reached a point within a hun
dred miles of the southern axis
of the earth.
For the last seventeen years
expeditions have, at various
times, been sent out by Euro
pean natives to ascertain wheth
er or not the south pole is situ
ated In the midst of a great
continent. Within the last few
years eight expeditions have
been exploring the Antarctic
Ocean but it was given to one of
the smallest of these, the com
pany led by Lieutenant Shack
leton to practically prove the
existence of an Antarctic conti
nent. He has surpassed all
others in that vast wilderness of
snow and ice and on January
9th last, was ninety-two miles
nearer the southern axis thau
Peary's closest approach to the
northern. Lieutenant Shackle
ton made two very radical
changes in his means of trans
portation. Instead of dogs, he
used SIberean ponies whose flesh
became very useful when ra
tions were short. While ' for
the carrying of food supplies he
used automobiles. However
the automobiles could be used
only on broad expanses of glac
ier Ice, no doubt future explor
ers can benefit by his experien
ces and one of the expeditions
now in southern waters may
reach tho covet goal.
It has been said that beyond
a doubt more may be gleaned
from the Antarctic than the
Arctic Ocean and we know that
every department of physical
and geographical science has
been enriched both by Dr.
Hedln, exceptional discoveries
in Tibet and by Lieutenant
Shackleton's valuable informa
tion of the Antarctic Ocean.
"THE NATION'S FUTURE,"
By Albert R. Krantz.
Underlying the whole scheme
of civilization Is the confidence
men have in each other, confi
dence in their ntegrlty, confi
dence in their honesty, confidence
In their future. If we went to
a silver coinage to-morrow, if
we even debased our standard
of value, men say you would
still have the same property you
have to-day, you would still
have the same soil, you would
still have the same continent.
And It Is true. But so did the
Indians have the same rivers that
roll past your cities and turn the
wheels of commerce as they
pass. So were the mountains
piled full of mineral treasures
four hundred years ago. The
same atmosphere enwrapt this
continent, the same soil covered
the ilelds, the same sun shone
in heaven, nnd yet there was
none but the savage pursuing the
pathway of war through tho
trackless forests, and the rivers
bore no living soul except the
Indian in his canoe pursuing a
pathway of destruction. There
was no Industrial co-operation
because the Indian was a savage
and did not understand the prin
ciple by which men aid each
other, by taking from the bosom
of the earth the wealth which
makes life bearable and devel
opes the intelligence which
makes civilization. Anything
that attacks that basis of hu
man confidence Is a crime
against civilization and a blow
aganst the foundations of so
cial order. We believe that the
very essence of civilization is
mutual interest, mutual forbear
ance, mutual co-operation. We
believe the world has passed the
time when men's hands are at
each others throats. We believe
to-day that men stand shoulder
to shoulder, working together
for a common purpose, benefi
cial to all, and we believe that
this attempt to assail wages,
which means an attempt to at
tack the prosperity of all, will he
resisted not by a class, but by
the whole nation. The dweller
in the tenement house, stooping
over his bench, who never sees
a field of waving corn, who nev
er inhales the perfume of
grasses and of flowers, is yet
made the participator in all the
bounties of Providence in the
fructifying of the atmosphere, in
the ripening rays of the sun,
when the product of the soil
is made cheaper to him every
clay by the abundance of the
harvest. It is from this share
of tills bounty that the Popu
lists want to exclude the Ameri
can worklngman. To him we
say in the spirit of humanity, in
the name of progress, you shall
neither press a crown of thorns
upon the brow of labor nor place
a scourge upon his back. You
shall not rob him of any one
advantage which ho lias gained
by long years of study, of pro
gress in the skill of his craft,
and by the careful organization
ot the members who work with
him at the same bench. You
shall not obscure the golden
prospect of a further Improve
ment In his conditon by a furth
er appreciation of the cost of
living as well as by a further
cheapening of the dollar which
is paid to him. The time has
come when the people of this
country will show their capacity
for self-government. They will
prove that the men who have
led the world in the pathway of
progress will be the jealous
guardians of liberty and honor.
They are not to be seduced by
, appeals to their cupidity or mov
ed by threats of injury. They
will forever jealously guard and
trim tho lamp of enllghtment, of
progress. The government will
still shelter a people indissolubly
wedded to liberty and order,
jealously forbidding any dis
tinction of burden or of privil
ege, conserving property, main
taining morality, resting forever
upon the broad basis of Ameri
can patriotism and American
intelligence.
"AMERICA IN DIPLOMACY,"
By Frederick P. Frey.
"Breathes there a man with soul so dead,
Who never to himself hath said.
'This Is my own my native laud?' "
Were this rhythmic question
addressed to any true American,
it would be easy to guess the re
ply it would receive. No. Such
men may breathe beneath the
folds of foreign standards, but
never beneath Old Glory. Every
strain of our national song fills
America's sons with feelings of
pride and fellowship; every line
is indelibly impressed into their
lives. From the natives of this
continent we have gleamed the
. fruits of patriotism; and the
murmuring brooks, the majestic
forests, the rolling highlands,
and the level prarles have taught
us to drink, as masters, the free
dom of the west. It is true
none can read our thoughts,
and none can understand our
emotions, so well as we our
selves. No foreigner, toiling un
der a yoke of tyranny, or
struggling beneath a ban of serf
dom, can apprecate why we
have selected the Eagle as a
typical emblem of our liberty
because that noble bird can
soar to the mountain's crest,
and bo free as the air itself,
but that such emotions exist
no true citizen will deny, and
that their very existence cause
us to guard our liberties Jeal
ously, and seek to prevent any
danger from menacing them,
is apparent. We all thirst af
ter the stories of our gallant
past; we all long to learn every
deed of glory that has encom
passed our ancestors, and
perhaps, throughout our stir
ring earlier history, we have
placed too. much stress in the
soldier Of, war, and rleglected
too freely the soldier of peace.
There Is an Instrument, In
the possession of the keenest
intellects of earth, whereby
men are enabled to peaceably
adjust their differences, and
forunately, that Instrument
has been wielded with gratify
ing success by our greatest
statesmen. I speak to you of
the art of diplomacy which
guards the door of national
passion. At four different
epochs In our history wo have
been forced to throw wide the
door, nnd admit the scourge of
hostilities. But countless times
that barrier has held lirm in
its place, and kept, unsullied,
the integrity of our country.
You wonder what power has
wrought these results. Look
over the pages of history!
Here and there, standing In
bold relief, are such names as
Monroe, Webster, Seward, and
Roosevelt. Behold above them
all the name of Franklin, the
sage of the Revolution, who
won as much by his diploma
tic skill in France as all the
other patriots combined. His
works is imperishable, and he
must ever wear an unfading
wreath of glory, in the opin
ions of his countrymen,
throughout all time. For, if
Washington's fame Is to be
measured by the victories he
won with the sword, surely
this man must be honored by
the results of his most re
sourceful tact. Such men as
these have constituted that
power, and have made Ameri
can diplomacy come to the
front. Recall, if you will, the
Long Embargo, the Monroe
Doctrine, the Trent Affair, of
our earlier history, and the
Venezuela Boundary Dispute,
the Chilean war-scare, and
the Portsmouth Treaty, between
Russia and Japan, of our more
recent history, and they will all
point, like magnets, to one
conclusion: "Our diplomatic
corps is the first in the diplo
matic army of the world."
They have won in that field of
honor, and have made their
pursuits an art, through whose
channels reason has displaced
the sword. They have won un
til the sun never sets on our
diplomatic victories, and as
they have won in the past, so
they will win in the future.
Assured by these successes,
we confidently await other
Cleveland messages to electrify
the world's spirit of fairness,
in the coming ages, but wheth
er they will be sent from
Washington, young America
must decide. We anticipate
other conditions, where we
may conscientiously defend the
weak against the vanities of
the conceited mighty. We are
bound, in honor, to protect our
sister republics of the
Southland, by a doctrine, truly,
uprightly Amercan. Such is
an example of our diplomacy
of principle, a policy that might
inspire tho deadest feelings,
enthuse tho dullest virtues.
Our noblest thoughts are
for our country, our fondest
devotion is for the flag. We
follow that banner because it
signifies our past, present, and
future. The world is pro
gressing, and America blazes
the way for its advancement.
Leaving the customs of the
past buried forever, we address
ourselves to the house of His
tory: "Our we doing right?"
For an answer, the advice of
the martyred McKlnley greets
us: "Our chief interest is in
concord not conflict." Down
through the corridors of the
Hall of Fame, with a clarion
echo, sounds the voices of the
past and the diplomat is
heard loudest. Hear him
America, as you must hear him,
for he speaks words of weight.
Hear him for the cries of con
flict are fast becoming food
for oblivion. Hear him for
"Peace hath her victories, no
less renowned than war," and,
lastly, hear him for a nation's
greatness is not measured by
the battles it has won, but by
what it has contributed to the
welfare of the world.
-Miss Florence H. Hiller's recita
tion entitled "An Order for a Pict
ure" was most excellently given.
Not having a copy we are unable to
place it in print.
VICTOR HUGO'S LES MISER
ABLES, By Fred Osborne.
At five o'clock Wellington
drew out his watch, and was
heard to murmur these sombre
words: Blucher, or night!
It was about this time that a
distant line of bayonets glisten
ed on the heights beyond
Frlschemont.
Here is the turning point in
this colossal drama.
We understand the bitter mis
take of Napoleon; Grouchy hop
ed for, Blucher arriving; death
Instead of life.
Destiny has such turnings.
Awaiting the world's throne,
Saint Helena became visible.
If tho little cowboy, who act
ed as guide to Bulow, Blucher's
lieutenant, had advised' him to
debouch from the forest above
Frlschemont rather than below
Planchenott, the shaping of the
nineteenth century would per
haps have been different. Na
poleon would have won the bat
tle of Waterloo. By any other
road than below Planchenolt,
the Prussian army would have
brought up at a ravine Impassi
ble for artillery, and Bulow
would hot have arrived.
It was time, we have seen, that
Bulow should arrive. He had
bivouacked at Dion lo Mont,
and started on nt dawn. But
the roads were impracticable,
and his division stuck in the
mire. The cannon sank to the
hubs In the ruts. Furthermore,
he had to cross the Doyle on tho
narrow bridge of Wavro; the
street leading to the bridge had
been fired by the French; tho
cnissons nnd artillery wagons,
being unable to pass between
two rows of burning houses,
had to wait till the lire was ex
tinguished, It wns noon before
Bulow could reach Chapelle
Saint Lambert.
Had the action commenced
two hours earlier, it would have
been finished at four o'clock,
and Blucher would have fallen
upon a field already won by
Napoleon. Such are these im
mense chances, proportioned to
an Inlinlty, which wo cannot
grasp.
As early as mid-day, the Em
peror, lirst of all, with his Held
glass, perceived in the extreme
horizon something which fixed
his attention. He said: "I see
yonder a cloud which appears
to me to be troops." Then he
asked the Duke of Dalmatla:
"Soult, what do you see towards
Chapelle Saint Lambert?" The
mat-shall, turning his glass that
way, answered: "Four or five
thousand men, Sire. Grouchy,
of course." Meanwhile it re
mained motionless in the haze.
The glasses of tho whole staff
studied "the cloud" pointed out
by the Emperor.
Bulow, in fact, had not moved.
His vanguard was very weak, and
could do nothing. He had to
wait for the bulk of his corps
d'armee, and he was ordered to
concentrate his force before en
tering into line; but at five
o'clock, seeing Wellington's
peril, Blucher ordered Bulow to
attack.
Soon after, (the divisions of
Losthin, Hiller, Ilacke, and Rys
sel deployed in front of Lobau's
corps), the cavalry of Prince
William of Prussia, debouched
from the woods of Paris, Plan
chenolt was in flames, and the
Prussian balls began to rain
down even In the ranks of the
guard In reserve behind Napol
eon. Feeling that they were going
4 If ER d
II
Still Take
Over'.'T.IMU lbs.
iiQjjilfi, .,.":-l'i:r.
The No. 40 Is the popular Flat Land Plow. We also keep In stock tho No. K. 19. 20 and
5S Iron lieani. Nearly 2(XH) sold In Wayne county. The following Sub-At'ents keep stock of
Plows and licimlrsou hand : .1. K. Tiffany, Pleasant Mount; W. K. Shaffer. Varden, l'a.:
S. Woodmansee. Lake Como : H. N. Farley, Kqulnunk : A.J. Abrahams, (ialllee: I'rankU.
lirown lloadleys: O. W. Shaffer, tieorcetown : Seth llortree. Sterling: V. F. Kellam.
Ledsedale; V. E. Corey Greentown. and Watts's Honesdale and Hawley stores.
The Oliver Sulky Plow Cannot be Beat !
Honesdale and) pp A ii A M WA TTQ I Honesdale and
Hawley Stores J uKAilAlTl YV ii 1 1 3 Hawley Stores
Sash. Poors, Blinds. Front Sash Poors. Sewer Pipe
and Guilders' Hardware of EVEK Description.
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS: SSSf ilvSlffi5. SfJS?1
Ins Machines. Iron. Gravel and Tarred Itootlns, liarb Wire, Woven Fence Wire. Poultry
Netting, Lime and Cement.
Estimates slven
ou short notice
for
HOT AIR and
STEAM HEAT.
PLUMBING in all
its branches.
Telephone Announcement
This company is preparing to do extensive construction
work in the
Honesdale Exchange District
which will greatly improve the service and enlarge the
system
Patronize the Independent Telephone Company
which reduced telephone rates, anddo not contract for any
other service without conferring with our
Contract Department Tel. No. 300.
CONSOLIDATED TELEPHONE CO. of PENNSYLVANIA.
Foster Building.
to their death, they cried out:
Vive l'Empereur! There is no
thing more touching in history
than this death agony bursting
forth In acclamations.
The sky had been overcast all
day. All at once, at this very
moment It was eight o'clock at
night the clouds In the horizon
broke, and through tho elms on
the Nlvelles rond, streamed the
sinister red light of the setting
sun. The rising sun shone up
on Austorlltz.
When the tall caps of the
Grenadiers of the Guard with
their large eagle plates appear
ed, symmetrical, drawn up In
line, calm, In ttic smoke of that
conflict, the enemy felt respect
for France; they thought .they
saw twenty victories entering up
on the Held of battle, with wings
extended, and those who were
conquerors, thinking themselves
conquered, recoiled; but Well
ington cried, "Up Guards, and at
them!" The red regiment of
English Guards, lying behind the
hedges, rose up, a shower of
grape riddled the tri-colored flag
fluttering about our eagles, all
hurled themselves forward, and
the llnal carnage began. The Im
perial Guard felt the army slip
ping away around them In the
gloom, and the vast over-throw
of the rout; they heard the sauve
qui peut! which had replaced
the vlve l'Enipercur! and, with
flight behind them, they held on
their course, battered more and
more and dying faster and fast
er at every step. There were
no weak souls or cowards there.
The privates of that band were
as heroic as their general.
Napoleon gallops along the fu
gitives, harangues them, urges,
threatens, entreats. The mouths,
which in the morning were cry
ing vlve l'Empereur, are now
agape; he is hardly recognized.
The Prussian cavalry, Just come
up, spring forward, fling them
selves upon the enemy, sabre,
cut, hack, kill, exterminate.
Teams rush off, the guns are left
to the care of themselves; the
soldiers of the train unhitch the
caissons and take the horses to
escape; wagons upset, with their
four wheels In the air, block up
the road, and are accessories of
massacre. They crush and they
crowd; they trample upon the
living and the dead. Arms are
broken. A multitude Alls roads,
paths, bridges, plains, hills, val
leys, woods, choked up by this
flight of forty thousand men.
Cries, despair, knapsacks and
muskets, cast into the rye, pas
sages forced at the point of the
sword; no more comrades, no
more officers, no more generals;
but inexpressible dismay.
This madness, this terror, this
falling to ruins of the highest
bravery which ever astonished
(Continued on Page 3.)
the Lead !
of Plows anil licpalr received In March.
this ci'T snows tiik
No. 56 SIDE HILL.
We also have No. 7, a sbe smaller.
BICYCLES and
Sundries.