NIB. TUFT GAVE
LABOR ITS RIGHTS
THE THIEF AND THE DOG
I WHEEI
WHEELS WILL GO ROUND
I ip tact k pi pnirn
10 B ni I 9 bhbU I klii
Defined Them In the Phelan Case
Beyond. Successful Attack
and Blew Breath of Life
Into Sherman Law.
SO SAY MANUFACTURERS.
TRADE UNION'S BEST VEAPON
1
Handed Down the Decisions In Rail
road Cases Which Fixed tho
Principles on Which the Trades
Unions Aro Bnsed and Which
Made Them Lawful and Pros
porous. Judge Taft's career upon tho
bench will over receive its most Im
portant reflection, in the popular
mind, from the decisions affecting
labor which It became his duty to
. utter. That his services on the Sixth
Circuit, in collaboration with Judge
William It. Day (now an Associate
Justlco of tho Supremo Court) and
Judge H. II. Lurton. who remains
on tho Sixth Circuit, In Illuminating
the obscurities, defining the meaning
and dlrcctlug the enforcement of the
statutes, were no less Important, does
not detract from the weight of his
decisions concerning labor.
Rnrikfng with those labor decisions,
of which there wore three, was the
decision in tho "Addystono pipe"
case, which blew the breath of life
Into tho moribund Sherman law. It
Bhowed Mr. Roosevelt the line to
which to how In Instigating success
ful proceedings against the trusts,
and establish tho right of the Federal
Government to control Inter-state
commere'e. ' Tho rights of labor have
been marked out by Mr. Taft so that
they stand as sharply and clearly de
fined as they were confused and un
derestimated before. This has been
altogether to tho profit of unionized
labor, not to its disadvantage. Judgo
Tnft placed firmly in the hand of
labor, to. use properly as a weapon of
offonso and defense, the right of
strike, to proceed lawfully against
"A thief, who came near a house one night to rob it, was very much annoyed nt finding h stout dope in the courtyard,
who kept up a loud and steady bark. To quiet him,- lie threw him a tempting piece of nuat, whereupon the dog exclaimed:
'When first you came 1 fancied you might he a thief; now that you try to bribe me from my duty, I am sure you aro one, and
1 shan't leave off barking while you are about the premises.' " Aesop's Fables.
CHRISTIAN MISSIONS
AND CIVILIZATION
Address Delivered nt Carnegie IlnTfT
New York City, April, 1008, by
the Hon. Willlnm H. Tnft.
I have known a good many people
that wore opposed to foreign mis
sions. 1 have known a good many
the union peaceably to leave the em-
unfnlr employes and In a manner to ploy of their employer because any
secure it from prosecution. These of tho terms of employment aro un
facts cannot successfully be contro- satisfactory."
verted. I Coming to Phelan, Judgo Taft np-
Mr. Taft has been held accountable plied tho law not his own Ideas as
for tho sins Implied by a phrase, to tho legality of the man's conduct,
"government by Injunction," in real- but tho LAW to his actions. Had
ity as void nt meaning as most catch rhelan, as the Judgo explained, utllr
phrases are, which sprang Into exist- lzed nn opportunity when the receiver
once during the American Hallway of the railroad reduced wages and
Union strike of 1S94. His dpnlslnn. 1 urged a neaccable strike. Incited a
which wns in the Phelan case, was strike for tho Increase of wages, and regular attendants at church, con
inspired by incidents growing out of ! won, to quoto Judge Tatt'. "The loss slstent members, perhaps, that relig
tho endeavor of Eugene V. Debs to to tho business of tho receiver would iously, If you chooso to use that term,
tie up all the railroads In order to not be ground for recovering dam- refused to contribute to foreign mis
reinforce the efforts of the Pullman ages, and Phelan wouiC. not have sions. Now, I confess that there
Company to obtain higher wages and 1)6011 liable for contempt, even If the was a time when 1 was enjoying a
Just and needed concessions. Debs' strike much Impeded the operation smug provincialism that I hope has
Idea was that If tho railroads would ' or the road under tlie order ot me . leu mo now, wnen i ratntr sympa
refuse to handle Pullman cars It court. His action in giving the ad
would Insure the success of tho strike,
as undoubtedly it would have done.
In some of his efforts to tie up roads
that would not bar the Pullmans, his
men collided with the law of Injunc
tions and were worsted.
Ono of these men was F. W. Phe
lan, who was commissioned by Debs
to go to Cincinnati and tie up the
roads entering there. Among them
was the Cincinnati, New Orleans and
Texas Pacific, or Cincinnati Southern,
which was being managed by a re
ceiver appointed by Judge Tnft. The
ordering out of these men as a meas
ure of sympathy with the Pullman
strikers was In effect a boycott. The
vice, or Issuing an order based on
unsatisfactory terms ot employment,
would have been entirely lawful."
Tho Judgo stood like a rock at his
desk and conveying the sense of per
sonal contact so strongly that each
man felt as though Judge Tatt wero
looking straight Into his eyes, speak
ing to him individually, he said:
','When you men leave this room I
want you to go with the conviction
that if there Is any power in tho army
ot tho United States to run those
tralnB, they shall be run!"
Bang! came his fist hard to the
desk. Thero was no more trouble.
He did the same strikers a good turn
receiver of the Railroad sought and afterwards and at Phelan's request
obtained from Judgo Taft an Iniunc
tlon prohibiting the strikers from
Interfering with trafllc. Phelan was
determined. He told his followers
to go ahead and disregard the Injunc
tion. Phelan was haled into court. The
strikers were not In a conciliatory
mood, to say the least, and the de
gree of animosity that was manifest
ed against Judge Taft was such as to
alarm his friends for his personnl
safety. The court-room wr.3 packed
with strikers, and they were grim
and ugly, for Phelan they considered
In the light of ono who was on the
way to martyrdom, largely because
of tho anger of a judge whose injunc
tion he had spurned.
It was a foregone conclusion, on
the evidence, that Phelan would bo
condemned. Judge Taft reviewed
tho evldenco Tully. He cited authori
ties to establish beyond dispute that
whllo tho employes ot the railroad
had a right to cease work, they had
no right to combine to injure the
rond or to cause it to withdraw from
a profitable business with a third
party with the effect of injuring that
party, when the relation thus inter
rupted had no connection with the
kind of service given by tho em
ployes or tho compensation they re
ceived for It.
Attorneys for labor unions havo
since successfully utilized in pleading
for the rights of their clients in court
this definition of the rights of labor
set forth by Judgo Taft In tho Phelan
case:
Tho receiver would not take any ot
tho striking employes back when
tho strike ended. Ph lan went to
Judgo Taft.
"No ill-will, Judge," ho said; "I
got what 1 deserved. I didn't see it
then, but I do now. I broke tho law
and I made trouble for a lot ot folks
besides myself. But 1 wish you
would do something, if you can, for
tho boys that can't get back. Not
so much for them, as for tho woman
and children. You know what it
means when tho men can't get work."
Judgo Taft communicated with the
receivers and the strikers were given
jobs.
PARKER CRAWLS FROM UNDER
thized with that view. Until I went
to the Orient, until there were thrown
on mo the responsibilities with ref
erence to the extension of civilization
in thoso far distant lands, I did not
realize the Immense Importance of
foreign missions. Tho truth Is we
have got to wake up in this coun
try. We are not all thero Is in the
world. There are lots besides us, and
thero are lots of people besides us
that are entitled to our effort and our
money and our sacrifice to help them
on In the world. No man can study
the movement of modern civilization
from nn utterly Impartial standpoint
and not realize that Christianity and
tVlA ot.lt.tf rf rt.laf Innttir In V, nnli. !
basis for the hope of modern civiliza
tion and tho growth of popular self-
government. The spirit of Christian
ity 13 pure democracy. It is
equality of man before God.
equality of man before tho law, which
Is, as I understand it, the most God
like manifestation that man has been
able to make. Now, I am not hero to
spenk of foreign missions from a
of students was 35.000 last year,
They go out into tho neighborhoods
and they cannot but have a good ef
feet throughout that great empire.
.large enough as It Is, to promote the
ideas of Christianity and the Ideas of
civilization. Two or three things
make one impatient when he under
stands tho facts. One Is this criticism
of tho missionaries as constantly In
volvlng tho governments in trouble,
as constantly bringing about war.
The truth is that Western civilization
in trado is pressing Into the Orient
and the agents that are sent forward.
I am sorry to say, arc not the best
representatives of Western civiliza
tion. The American and Englishman
and others who live in the Orient a.-e,
many of them excellent, honest, God
fearing men; but there are in that set
ot advance agents of Western civiliza
tion gentlemen who left tho West
for tho good of the West, and bo-
cause their history in tho West might
prove embarrassing at home. More
than that, even where they aro hon
est, hard-working tradesmen and
merchants attempting to push busi
ness into the Orient, their minds are
constantly on business. It is not hu
man naturo that they should resist
the temptations that not Infrequently
present themselves to get ahead ot
the Oriental brother in business
transactions. They generally are
quite out of sympathy with n spirit
of brotherhood toward the Oriental
natives. Even In the Philippines
that spirit is shown, for while I was
there I ran remember henrlnir on tho
the streets, sung by a gentleman that did
the . not acree with mv view of our rlutv
toward the Filipinos:
"Ho mav be a brother of William II.
Taft,
But he ain't no brother of mine."
Now that Is the spirit that we aro
purely religious standpoint. I nm ' so likely to find among tho gentle-
here to speak ot it trom the stand-1 men who go into tho East for the
point of political, governmental ad- purpose of extending trado. Then I
vancement, the advancement of mod-1 am bound to say that the restraints
ern civilization. And I think I have 0f public opinion, of a fear of the
had some opportunity to know how criticism of one's neighbors that one
dependent wo are on the spread of flnds at home, to keep men In the
Christianity in any hope that we may straight and narrow path, are loos
have of uplifting tho peoples whom ened in the Orient, and wo do not
i-rovmence nns turusi upon us tor . flnd that they are tho models, many
Alton II. Parker, who was supposed
to havo been burled so deep under
an avalanche of ballots four years
ago that he would nut be heard fro'm
again for a decade or two, hns man
aged to crawl out, and Is emitting
so mo rather doleful protests which
have attracted tho attention ot the
public to the fact that he is alive.
From what can be made out of his
cries, it seems that he blames Presi
dent Roosevelt for his mlsfortuno In
getting snowed under so deeply, and
wants Bryan to defeat Taft because
Taft Is a friend ot Roosovelt. He
also says that he Is giving President
Roosevelt "what has beeu comics to
him for a long time."
No ono can blamo Judge Parker for
feellnghad. That heap of ballots must
our guidance
Religion and Political Government.
I am talking practical facts about
tin offect of religion on tho political
government, and I know what I am
talking about. I did not realize until
I went into the Orient the variety of
things that foreign missions accom
plish. The missionaries have reached
the conclusion that in order to make
a man a good Christian, you have
got to make him useful In a commun
ity and teach him something to do
"The employes of the receiver hud have ln,n. n hls ch,cs.t 'or! t,h,Rn ?
n i.ifVif i ; . I rnrnhlt nlchlnmre: but he should not
the right to organize into" or inin
n labor union which would tnke ac
tion ns to the terms of their em
ployment. "It Is a benefit to them and to tho
public that laborers should unite for
their common interest and tor law
ful purposes.
"They havo labor to sell, if they
stand together they nro often able,
all of them, to obtain better prices
for their labor than dealing singly
with rich employers, because the
necessities of the single employe may
compel him to accept any price that
Is offered.
"Tho accumulation of a fund for
thoso who feel that the wages offered
aro below tho legitimate market valtto
of such labor Is desirable.
"They have tho right to nppolnt
officers who shall advise them ns to
tho course to bo taken In relations
with their employers.
"They may unlto with other
unions.
"Tho ofilcers they appoint, or any
other person thoy choso to listen to.
may advise them ns to tho proper
courso to bo taken, both In regard to
splutter out his Indlgnatlou against
Messrs. Rcosavelt and Taft. Tho
Amorlcan people aro to blame for
Parker's very crushing defeat, and
ho ought to direct his abuse against
them, and not asalnst tho present nud
the noxt President, who could not
help the popular prcfcrcnco.
"Mediocrity will nver do for
Willie," said Judge Alphonso Tnft
of William H when ho was only n
small boy. And It didn't, but what
Mr. Tatt has attalnod has come
through tho mo3t strenuous toll. As
ono man wroto ot him: "Ho works
harder, plays harder, cats harder and
lives harder than any man in public
llfo to-day."
Tho history of tho Tnft and tho
Torroy families In Now Englnnd for
230 years had boon collected by Mr.
Taft's mothor whon sho died in Do
comber laBt. Sho wns Miss Loulso
M. Torroy, ot MUIbury, Mnss,
of them, that they ought to be In
probity and morality. They look up
on tho native as Inferior, and they are
too likely to treat him with Insult.
Civilization Paralleling Trade.
Henco It is that in the progress of
civilization we must move along as
trade moves; and as the foreign mis
sions move on, it is through the for
eign missions that we must expect to
have the true picture of Christian
brotherhood presented to those na
tives, the true spirit of Christian sym
and give him sorao sense and intelli- pnthy. That is what makes in the
Beuce. ... .i progress ot civilization the Immense
So, connected with every successful importance of Christian -missions,
foreign mission la a school. Ordl-1 you go into China to-day aifir try to
narlly an Industrial school. Also nnj out what tho conditions are In
ttiey teacn mo nauve mai cieannness , the Interior consult In Pekln tho
is next 10 uounness una mai one gentlemen who are supposed to know.
business or nis is to Keep nimsoir nna where do thoy go? Thoy go at
healthy, and so In connection with 0nco to tho missionaries, to tho men
every good foreign mission tnoy nave , who have spent their lives far nd-
hosoltnls and doctors. And, there
foro, tho mUslon makes a nucleus ot
modern civilization, with schools,
teachers and physicians and the
vanccd Into the nation, far beyond
the point of safety If any uprising
takes place, and who have learned
by association with tho natives, by
church. In that way, having edu- mini? with them, hv hrino-inr. thom
cated the native, havlnr taught him nt0 their houses, by helping them on
how to live, then they nro able to be
sure that they havo mado'him a con
sistent Christian.
. China Headed Right.
Every foreign mission In China Is
a nucleus ot modern civilization.
Now China is in a great state of tran
sition. China Is looking forward to
progress. China Is to bo guided by
whom? It la to bo guided by the
young Christian students and schol
ars that elthor learn English or somo
to their feet, who havo learned the
secret of what Chinese life la. And
thereforo it is that tho only reliable
books that you can read, tolling you
the exact condition of Chinese civil
ization, are written by thoso same
foreign missionaries who havo been
eo much blamed for Involving us in
foreign wars.
The Boxer War.
It is said that tho Bocor war was
duo to the Interforonco of mlsslonar-
foreign languago at homo or aro sent les. and the feeling of tho Chinese
abroad to bo Instructed, and who ocalnst tho Christian religion as
como back and whoso words are lis- manifested and exemplified by the
tened to by thoso who exorcise Influ- missionaries. That Is not truo. It
onco at tho head of tho Government, i 1b truo that the" first outbreak wns
Thereforo It Is that theso frontlor ', ugalnst tho missionaries becauso
posts ot civilization nro bo much moro tho outbreak wns against forolgn In
important than tho moro numorlcnl lorforenco, and It was easiest to nt
cnunt ot converts scorns, to mnko tack thoso mon who wore farthest
them. ! In tho Chinese nation, and there thoy
I speak from tho standpoint ot po- mado expression oi time rooiing by
Tho National Association of Manufacturers, through Its organ,
American Industries, has justcomplcted a canvass of Its 3000 mem
bers throughout the United Stntos In nearly every line ot trado to
ascertain tho country's commercial status twelve months after tho
panic. Tho canvass waa'not made to serve any political purpose,
and tho forthcoming election was not mentioned, but tho .members
of tho association have taken advantage of one ot tho questions to
dcclaro that prosperity doponds upon the eloctlon ot Tatt.
The canvass was mado by means of lotters sent out two weeks
ngo. Four questions wero asked ot tho members relating to the
exact condition of trado at prosont, tho percentage ot increase In
business In tho last ton months, the possibilities for future lpprove
mont and any suggestions which might serve to better future con
ditions. Everybody answered the last question by suggesting that
Taft bo elected.
Jamos W. Van Cleave, president of tho National Association of
Manufacturers, says ot the outlook:
Nearly every isstio of tho trade papers nil over the country
reports tho reopening of steel, cotton and woollen mills and tho
Increase in the working forces of somo of theso already open.
There nrc fewer Idle persons In the United States now than nt
any previous time since the beginning 6f tho scare Inst November.
Asldo from the chance the very remote chance that Brynn may
bo elected, there Is not n cloud on the business horizon, so far as
I can 8ce at this moment.
Let it be reinoniljcred tlint In the shape In which It presents
Itself tariff adjustment will cause no perceptible halt In tho re
vival of trnde. By Its platform nnd tho repented promises of its
candidates the dominant party Is pledged to revision. Just ns I
linvo urged the revising Is to be dono by an extra session of Con
gress Just as soon ns the new President enters ofilec in March,
1000. The adjustments will be done in the Interest of the Ameri
can manufacturer, the American worker and tho American con
sumer, nnd not in the interest of the manufacturers and workers
of Great Britain, Germany, Japan nnd the rest of Europe and Asia.
A few of the suggestions for the futuro with tho firms suggest
ing thorn, aro as follows:
The Woodward Iron Company, Woodward, Ala. "Elect Tnft."
Alabama Consolidated Conl and Iron Company, Birmingham,
Ala. "The possibilities for the iron trnde in 1000 binge on the
. election of Tnft as President nnd the ability of the railroads to
finance their needs."
Hnrdle-Tynes Manufacturing Company, Birmingham, Ala.-
"If the Republican ticket is elected we believe the outlook is bright
for a good, business."
The Baltimore Bridge Compnny, Baltimore, Md. "Elect Tnft.
The Democrats hnd the opportunity of a Ilfctimo and sold their
birthright for n mess of vcrblngc."
Lowell & Engell, lumber, Bangor, Me. "Tho only suggestion
we can mnko in regard to increasing the general prosperity of tho
country is thnt we must nil do our utmost to elect Mr. Tnft. Wo
believe the election of Brynn would bo n nntlonal calamity, from a
business point of view."
Mnrshnll Electric Company, Boston "If Brynn is elected wo
shall probably have a setback of a year or more, ns our business
depends largely upon new building undertakings, which aro super
sensitive to confidence." s"
Lowney Chocolate Company, Boston "I think tho outloof for
the yenr fnlrly good. If we elect Tnft wo may by n year from 'now
be enjoying good business."
The Atlantic Works, East Boston "Elect Willlnm II. Tnft
President. The election of Mr. Brynn will, in our opinion, prolong
business conditions indefinitely."
Portland Iron and Steel Company, Jloston "Wo believe thnt
the manufacturers and merchants nrc now only awaiting the finnl
outcome of tin; election, nnd if n Republican administration is con
tinued on n snne nnd conservative basis prosperity for everybody is
assured."
liitcrlnkc.i Mills, Providence, R. I. "We consider the trade
possibilities for the year are favorable. The election of Mr. Bryan
wonld be n serious blow to all kinds of business and very nearly
criminnl when the character nnd fitness of Mr. Taft arc taken into
consideration."
The Diamond Mills Paper Company, New York "The business
outlook is rather encouraging nnd from present indications we think
thnt if the Republican party is successful in the coming election
there is no doubt there will bo n considerable increase and n good
and stable business."
J. & O. Fischer, piano manufacturers, New York "With tho
election of Mr. Taft we think trade possibilities for the coming year
will rapidly get back to normal conditions and thnt the best indus
trial years this country has over seen aro before us."
Welsbnch Company, Philadelphia "General prosperity will be
promoted by the election of tho Republican candidates and the ad
ministration by business men of nil branches of industry on tho
squnre deal basis."
Tho Ailyne Brass Foundry Company, Cleveland "A brief sug
gestion which may Juip in promoting general prosperity Taft."
J. A. Fay & Egnu Company, woodworkers, Cincinnati "We
confidently expect thnt if the Cincinnati candidnto is elected business
w ill pick up gradually until it reaches its normal conditions."
The Standard Tool Company, Cleveland "With the election of
Mr. Taft we feel sanguine thnt business will take n big Jump."
Ford Motor Company, Detroit "To promote general prosperity
veto for William Howard Taft."
Paine Lumber Company, Oshltosh, Wis. "If the Republican
party remnins in power and carries out its pledges the coming yenr
will be one or prosperity."
Homer Lnughlln China Company, East Liverpool, Ohio "If
Tnft Is successful we believe the normal trade conditions will grad
ually be restored. If Brynn is successful we anticipate n much more
serious interruption In business than that which occurred a year ngo
and one of much longer duration."
Connersville Blower Compnny, Connersvllie, Ind. "Wo do not
look for n speedy return of prosperity, but think that if Tnft is
elected it may be anticipated next yenr, whereas if Brynn should
succeed wc fenr it will be much delayed."
Davis Sewing Machine Company, Dayton, Ohio "Elect Tnft
and prosperity will return of its own accord.,"
Tho American travolcr abroad who
went to tho tlmo and expense of com-
UIh n r txnn nntt1M'mant If tlimi ' Inn Iwirtwt 111 Vi(n until fill AvnlYlh
choBe to appoint anyone, ho may , patriotism to those cltlzcin who did ns Chirm. Thoy havo, I think, 3000 elgn Interforonco. But that which . havo sent them to do. woria-wiao
order thorn on pnln of expulsion from , not toko tho trouble to register, missionaries In China. Tho number really roused tho opposition of tho I Missions, July, 1008,
Chinese was tho feeling that all wg
Christian nntlons wero sitting arouna
waiting to divide up the Middlo King
dom, and waiting to get our piece of
tho pork. Now that Is the feeling
that the Chlneso have; and I am
not prepared to say that there was
not some ground for the suspicion.
Now you can read books I have
read them In which the missions
aro described as most comfortable
buildings; and It Is said that mission
aries aro living more luxuriously
than thoy would at home, and there
fore they do not call for our support
or sympathy. It Is truo that thero
are a good many mission buildings
that aro handsome buildings; I have
seen them. It is truo that they aro
comfortable; but they ought to be
comfortable. One of the things that
you havo got to do with the Oriental
Is to fill his eye with something that
ho can seo, and if you erect a great
missionary building, he deems your
coming into that community of some
Importance; and tho missionary so
cieties that are doing that, and aro
building their own buildings for tho
missionaries, aro following a much
more soaslblo courso than Is tho
United Stfttes In denying to Its repre
sentatives anything but moro hovels.
But It Is not a llfo of enBo; it Is not
a llfo of comfort and luxury. Thoso
mon aro dolnc grand, good work. I
do not meau to oay that thero are not
exceptions among thorn; that some
times thoy do not meddle In some
thing which it would bo better for
thorn from n politic movo to ltcop out
of, but I moan, as n whole, theso mis
sionaries in China and In other
countries worthily represent tho best
christian spirit of this country, and
I worthily are doing tho work that you
PROTECTION OF WAGE SCALE.
Under our present law we place a
tariff on goods mado by underpaid
labor In Europe, so that theso goods
cannot come Into American markets
to tho disadvantage of Amorlcan
goods made by higher paid American
workers. We protect in this way tho
American wage scale against the com
petition of cheap foreign labor. If
the law which glvos this protection is
removed nnd Amorlcan manufactur
ers have to meet tho prices ot goods
mado by European labor, tho wage
scale of tho American workmen will
have to bo cut down. Mr. Bryan
and his party do not believe In the
principle of the protective tariff and
want to abolish It. Hasn't American
labor alt the competition it can stand
without adding tho competition of
underpaid foreign labor? Tho Re
publican law which protects tne wage
scalo of American workmen will not
bo abolished unloss tho workmen
nbollsh It thomsolves by voting the
Democratic ticket. Mr. Taft prom
ises to Improve tho law, but to main
tain tho principle; Mr. Brynn prom
ises to destroy tho law. Which do
you want?
"If any man votes against mo bo
causo I havo dono my duty, lot him."
Judgo Taft. Thero sounds tho
courage of a conscience confldont be
cauBo It Is souud.
Judgo Taft has Borvcd nn Injunc
tion of oratory and logic, upon tho
Democratic tradition ot tho eolld
South.
Tho record on tho Isthmus proves
that orgnnlzed labor novsr had a
bettor friend than Secretary Taft.