! V
VOL. XI. NO. 139.
SHENANDOAH, PA., SATURDAY, MAY 30, 1896.
ONE CENT.
&JPTOW jgalS HiWIP.
- ' - 1 1 . " -
&rpets
MOQUETTES. VELVETS, BODY BRUSSELLS, TAP
ESTRY, INGRAIN and RAG.
STYLES : AND : PRICES : ALWAYS : RIGHT.
J I EZ D ! PT 9 C North Main St.,
- - r I L- -?3 Shenandoah, Pa.
ess- Just'opened another lot of our 49c shades.
Headquarters For Shirt Waists, Silks, Etc.
1 Tho demand for laundered shirt waists is daily increasing and we are now fullyprcrared
to meet tho wants of tho trade. Wo handle
prices as low as others ask lor common goods,
Our silk stock is immense. You aro sure to find here tho material you want for either
dress patterns, dress trimmings, waists, etc. We receivo new invoices almost daily and get
whatever thero is new in the market.
FINE DRESDEN SILKS, 1st quality, fl.00 to $1.23 per yard.
BLACK SATIN DUCHESS, extra heavy, $1.00 por yard.
PRINTED JAPAN SILKS, 25 cents to 45 cents.
PLAIN JAPAN SILKS, 50 cents to 75 cents.
A large variety of Fancy Silks from 33 cents to DO cents per yard.
Our Carpet stock is complete. Look through our line and see tho pretty designs in
Moquetts, Tapestry, Velvet, Body Brussels and Ingrain, also Rag Carpet from 25 cents
per yard up,
' Wo Handle Butterlcks' Paper Patterns.
P. J. GAUGHAN, -. 2f N. Main St.
THIS IS OUR
Special Drive in
Our Spring Line of Ladies' Shoes
in everything good and
OUR SPECIALTY
We are making a drive in
will be sold at $2 a pair. Regular price is 2.50. This may be
this last of this line this season. We have them in C, D, EX
EE widths. No better shoe is made for the money.
Gene ra I Agent for the
ALFRED
F.
MORGAN.
NEW CARPETS, OIL CLOTHS
AND MATTINGS.
With more room and increased facilities in this line, we offer this week
a large stock of. New Carpets of all kinds and qualities. New
Velvets and Body Brussels, new styles, handsome patterns.
NEW TAF?ESTRIES4323
A large assortment of NEW INGRAINS, from 25 cents
TlTMll I TTr A ' 1 1 . 1
up. A bargain 111 unukauno at 25 cents, reuueeu irum
ppnts. Three Plv all wool INGRAINS in new styles.
" "
RAG CARPETS A large stock,
irom 25 cents up.
STAIR CARPETS in Velvets, Tapestry, Ingrain and Rag, from
20 cents up.
,IL CLOTHS AND LINOLEUM in great variety one yard wide,
from 20 cents up. Two yards wide, from 40 cents up.
New China Jointlep and Japan Cotton Warp Mattings,
SPECIAL, DRIVE
IN CANNED GOODS.
A bargain in California Fruits Peaches, Pears, Apricots and
Egg Plums 2 cans for 25 cents.
t Fancy Northern Sugar Com, 3 and 4 cans for 25' cents.
Choice Quality Maryland jCorn, 5 cans for 25 cents.
Choice Cold Packed Tomatoes, 4 cans for 25 cents.
Fancy Quality and extra size cans, 2 and 3 cans for 25 cents.
Try Our Choice Full Roller Flour--Quality Guaran
teed, $4.00 Per Barrel.
Next Door to Coffee House
THIS FINE
ROCKER
8Utf$1.39.
Children's Carriages, $3.75
and upwards.
All Styles of
Refrigerators.
Williams 8c Son,
South Main St.
-Carpets !
only well mado garments, but you will find our
BUc, ooc, 7oc, vuc to $ixa.
EYE OPENER !
Ladies' Footwear 1
is being increased every day. Takes
attractive in the market.
SHOE.
the Waverly ladies shoe. 300 pair
14 S. MAIN STREET,
SHENANDOAH.
Snag Proof Puck Boot.
A SHOE TALE !
Only tho happy wearers of Morgan's Shoes
can appreciate their real goodness of quality,
fit and durability. Tho prices aro right a trial
will tell a long story. See our special in ladies'
shoes.
Alfred F. Morgan,
No. 11 W. Oak Street;
new "patterns and extra qualities,
At KEITER'S.
An Impressive Observance of Memorial
Day This Mornlnf.
rIlliant
THE PARADE LARGE AND B
Ceremonies of a Glowing Patriotic Charac
ter at the Odd Fellows' Cemetery, In
Which Many Public School
Chlldren .Took Port.
Tho American people to-day aro answering
tho muster roll of tho nation. They aro
answering tho call to honor tho memory of
thoso who died that tho Union might live.
They uphold the day and hold it in memory
that oh this side of tho Atlantic ocean thero
is a country of self-government and civil
liberty by reason of tho sacrifices of tho de
parted heroes. Tho gatherings in tho ceme
teries is tho old, old story, but it never grows
wearisome. Such is tho caso In Shenandoah
to-day. Tho observance of Memorial Day in
tho town this morning was probably moro
general and tho ceremonies more impressive
thau at any other place in tho coal region.
The weather was delightful. At an early
hour the streets wero crowded with peoplo
pushing in overy direction and preparing for
the celebration, most 'of them carrying
bundles of Holers for tho graves of thodcad.
The early dawn saw many residences and
business places beautifully decorated with
wreaths of overgreens, flags and bunting,
and tho timo tho hour for tho lino Of parade
to form arrived, many front3 of houses along
tho route attested tho patriotism of tho
people.
Tho lino of paradedid not move punctually
at tho hour fixed, nino o'clock, which was
duo to many members of tho various
organizations listed to participate being re
quired to visit tho respective collieries at
which they work to receivo their wages, but
they accomplished this in good time, as tho
paymasters wero on baud promptly at 7:30
o'clock. In many quarters tho 1'. & It. C. &
I. Co. was complimented for the foresight in
so arranging tho timo for paying its employes
that it did not conflict with tho arrangements
for a general observance of tho day. It was
very gratifying to all tho workers, but tho
business people wero not so well suited. They
abhor pay days when they occurimmedlatcly
beforo, or on a holiday, claiming that much
money which should go to them is diverted
into holiday jollification. Hut many re
joiced that it was pay day, and a holiday,
and that tho pay was dealt out early in tho
morning.
Tho display was ono of tho most imposihg
ever held iu tho town on a Memorial Day.
It embraced tho representative patriotic,
social, beneficial and other organizations of
tho town and each was well represented. As
predicted, tho demonstration by tho schoo
children was tho feature. Their presenc
seemed to lend a peculiar impressiveness tha
caused tho spectators to speculato upon tho
fruits of tho coming generation and tho
singing by tho children as they passed along
tho routo in handsomely decorated wagons
touched a chord that brought tears to tho
eyes of many a veteran and others within
rango of their voices. Tho educational idea
iu connection with tho observance of the day
is a good one and tho public schools will no
doubt take part iu all observances of Memorial
Day in this town.
Tho lino of parade started from tho corner
of Oak and Main streets and proceeded to
White street, thenco to Coal, to Jardin, to
Oak, to Chestnut, to Cherry, to Main, and
then north to tho Odd Fellows' cemetery.
As usual hundreds of peoplo crowded upon
Main street to witness tho demonstration,
but thero wero sufficient left on tho other
streets to crowd threo and four deep along on
each side of tho line, and at somo places tho
peoplo wero so crowded it was with some
troublo that tho head of tho lino found a
passage All along tho routQ windows of
residences and business places were filled
with spectators. Tho crowds showed that
thero wero many visitors to town. Tho or
der of marching was as follows :
Carriages containing orator of tho day, old
soldiers and flower committees of G. A. It.
and S. of V. on East Oak street.
Chief Marshal, Hon. Patrick Conry.
Aids, W. C. Richards and V. J. Maley.
Vehicles containing school children.
FIKST DIVISION.
Form on South Main St., right resting on Oak.
Marshal, Fred II. Hopkins.
Chief Burgosa and Uniformed 1'olico.
Grant Hand.
Watkin Waters Post, 110, G. A. It.
Henry Horucastlo Camp 49, S. of V.
Pulaski Citizens' Society-
St. Mary Magdaleno Cadet Society, Lost
Creek and drum corps.
Lincoln Section No. 37, J. T, of II. and T.,
Win, Peun.
Hope Section No. 10, J. T. of II. andT.
Pioneer Corps of Hope Section.
SECOND DIVISION.
Form on West Oak street, light rotting on
Main.
Marshal, G. L. Hafner.
Patriotic Drum Corps.
Washington Camp No. 112, P, O. S. of A.
" " " 1S3, "
" " " 200, "
ii it it o'j3
Shenandoah Council No. 530, Jr. O. U. A, M.
Major Jenulugs Council No. 3(17, "
, TIIIIID DIVISION.
Form on N. Jardin St., right resting on Oak.
Marshal, Peter Heck.
Washington Beneficial Society.
Shenandoah Lodge No. 60, Sons of St. George
Shenandoah Lodge No, 591, 1. O. O, I.
Plank Ithlgo Lodgo No. 6S0, 1. O. O, F.
Iicscuo Hook ami Ladder Co., No. 1.
Lithuanian Hand,
Knights of Annunciation and Phoenix Huso
Company No. 2.
Defender Hoso Company.
Columbia H. & S. F. E. Company No. 1.
Vehicles containing school children.
Carriagos coutnining delegations from 011161"
societies and citizens.
Among tho most noticeahlo organizations hi
line was tho Pioneer Corps of Hopo Section
No, 10, J. T. of II. & T. Tho boys wero
neatly uniforiiieH and carried gleaming ases
through many difficult evolutions.' They
wero admirably drilled and fully deserved
the applause betowed upon them. Tho ap
pearance made by the St. Mary Magdaleno
Cadet Society of Lost Creek was also very
creditable and tho joint nppearanco of tho
Knights of Annunciation and Phoenix Hoso
Company occasioned much favorable Com'
ment. They wore civilian dress and whlto
gloves nnd carried canes. Tho Patriotic
Drum Corps appeared In neat new uniforms,
consisting of bluo sack coats and cap and
whito duck trousers. Tho hcarso bear
ing tho flowers was filled to its capacity,
with a most beautiful collection. The
donations wore very largo.
Upon reaching tho Odd Fellows' cemetery
tho committco of tho day escorted tho orator,
Rev. D. I. Evans, pastor of tho Welsh Baptist
church, to tho G. A. Ii. plot, followed by
members of Watkin Waters Post, tho Sons of
Veterans and members of the Women's Be
lief Corps and Ladles' Aid Society. A circlo
was formed about tho graves and tho service
as prescribed by tho riiual of tho Grand Army
of the Republic wero conducted by tho Post
Commander and Chaplain. This was
followed by discharge of three salutes over
the graves of tho veterans and tho benediction .
Tho oration was not a lengthy one, but full
of ringing patriotic sentimeuts delivered
with force and conviction.
Following this part of tho program camo
tho exercises of tho public school children.
They wero exceedingly imprcssivo nnd added
greatly to tho splendid observanco of the
day. Thero was an address on Gettysburg
by Miss Mamo Monaghan, a declamation
entitled, "Odo for Decoration Day" by Miss
Emma G. Llewellyn; a reading, " Tho Union
Soldier," by Miss Gertie Kirk; and an
eflectlvo declamation entitled, "Cover Them
Over," by Miss Mamo Conway. These were
interspersed by patriotic songs such as
"America," "Beforo All Lands." and
"Columbia, tho Gem of tho Ocean," thus
serving to impress with greater forco upon
tho minds of tho old aud young tho duty to
honor the memories of thoso who fought so
nobly to prcservo tho union and mado a
glorious climax to an observanco of tho day
of which tho citizens may feel rroud.
Xotes of tho Day.
Tho observanco at Pottsvillo was partici
pated in by tho school children. District
Attorney Edgar W. Bechtel delivered tho
oration.
General J. P. S. Gobin was tho orator at
Minersvillo.
Two bicyclo races will take placo this after
noon, ono at Girardvlllo aud tho other at
Tamaqua.
Tho Kcystono Gymnasium Club is holding
a picnic at Columbia park to-day. There
will bo a buck and wing dancing contest.
The 22 Club is holding an ico cream festival
in Bobbins' opera houso.
All tho public school buildings wero ela
borately decorated with tho national colors
to-day.
Turkey Run can feel proud of tho De
fender boys. Thoywero a gentlo reminder
of lha old timo flro laddies in their red shirts.
Councilman F. E. Mcgargle, Controller B.
15. Severn aud Representative Joseph Wyatt
wero noticed in tho rauks of tho Columbia
boys. Much praiso is duo to tho boys for
their neat appearance in uniform.
John Cathers was ono of the many mem
bers of G. A. Ii. who marched witli the step
of a youth of 20 years.
Dr. E. D. I.ongacro presented a handsonio
appearance on a spirited gray borao as an es
cort to tho It. II. & L. Company.
Both tho Lithuanian and Grant bands dis
coursed excellent music on tho streets to-day.
Tho drilling done by tho IIopo Section
Pioneer (!orps aud St. Mary Magdaleno Cadet
Society shows that when tho boys attain
manhood they will bo ready to respond ably
should tho country bo required to mako a
call to arms.
THE DAY ELSEWHERE.
Miilmimy City Observes tlio Duy In Its
Usual I'atrlotto Spirit.
Maiianov City, May 30. Tho observanco
of Memorial Day hero this morning was
equal to similar events of tho kind. At half
past six o'clock Severn Post No. 110, G. A. Ii.,
aud tho Sons of Veterans and their auxiliary
societies met at Post room aud proceeded to
the cemetery on tho hill, where tho graves
wero decorated with ritualistic exercises. Tho
parade moved at 10:33 and passed over tho
principal streets, with a largo number of
societies Hi lino. Tho Cyclo club was a
leature. Garfield Connnaiulery, S. of V.,
raised a flag over tho Eighth street school
building. Georgo C. Heinz mado tho pres
entation speech. Thirteen Httlo girls, dressed
iu wlvlto, raised tho flag, after which Prof,
W. N. Ebrhart, superintendent of tho schools,
accepted tho emblem in behalf of tho School
Board.
(sr. Clair's J'jitrlots.
A telephone moigo to tho HKnALD this
morning stated that St. Clair's decorations
wero elaborate and that the parade of tho
veterans and other societies was largo. Tho
ceremonies at tho cemetery wero vory im
prossho. Clay W. Evans made tho opening
address, aud Mr. Albert D. Kulttlo, as the
orator of tho day, acquitted himself iu a
ciedltablo manner.
Ashland In Line.
Ashland, May 30. Tho members of Joo
llouker Post, divided Into three details,
headed by drum corps, wore drivoiufrom tho
Post room In carriages to the various ceuie
tories within the jurisdiction for tho purposo
of decorating tho graves this morning.
Upon their return, at 10 o'clock tho line of
prado as Jormed with many societies
participating. Tho oration was delivered
from a platform in front of tho M. E. church.
Tho orator of tho day was liev. I. N. Moore
head, of Mt. Carmel.
At (iirardvlllv.
Giiurdville, May 30 The parade hero
this morning formed with tlio following
societies iu lino; Girardvlllo lllcyelo Club,
Chief of Police and policemen, tho Hon. P.
M. Dunn and clergymen iu carriagos, IiaAn
Run Cornet Band ; Co. F, Eighth Regiment ;
Aqua Lodge, 737, I. O. O. F. ; St. Joseph
Legion, Girardvlllo Maenuerchor, Division
No. 1, A. O. H. ; N. C, No. 818, Jr. O. U. A.
M. ; Girardvlllo Hose Co., Jennings Post, No.
121, O. A. It. Hon. P. M. Duuu delivered an
oration brimful of patriotic thought and his
words wero listened to with close attention.
At .Mt. Cariut'I.
CkntkALIA, May 30 Deconitiou Day at
this placo was appropriately observed. The
parade was a largo one, and upon Its con
clusion Rev. Father McGottigan, of Ashland,
delivered tho oration. C'apt. Edwanl Reese,
of Park Placo, presided at tho meeting iu
front of Davis' drug store
Though the Effects of the Tornado are
Still Problematical.
OYER THREE HUNDRED ARE DEAD
In St. Louis and East St. Louis, Though
Many May ba Burled 'Neath Ruins
Many Offers of Assistance, but St.
Louis Will Care for Her Own.
St. LODI9, May 80. Although thousands
of men hnve been nt work night nnd day
clearing uwny the WTeckago In tho path of
tho tornado, thoy have scarcely made a
perceptible Impression towards restoring
tho chaotic confusion to anything like
order'. Passageways have been mado
through some of tho principal thorough
fare?, It Is true, but for tho most part tho
streets aro still choked with tho battered
remains of homos and factories, hospitals
nnd churches. Tho path of tho storm Is
fully a mile anil a hnlf wldo. It starts
nwny out in tho suburbs of tho city, where
beautiful homes of pooliloof woalth aro lo
cated. Taking a zigzag courso it extends
down through wheru the densely popu
lated tenomcnt houses nro loeatud, fully
six miles, and crosses tho river.
Tho number of families left homeless by
tho devastation along tho path of tho Rtorm
will reach up into the thousands. In many
Instances these unfortunates have lost all
their worldly possessions. Mirny will for
days bo dopendent on charity and their
more fortunate neighbors for shelter. This
has made It necessary for the mayor of East
fat. Louis to mako an appeal for aid.
Thoro Is a probability that ono man
whoso horribly mangled body was taken
to tho morgue was not killed by the
storm. A gentleman who was In tho
neighborhood of the Union depot just
nftcr tho storm asserts that somo of tho
crowd thero assaulted a ghoul caught
thieving and boat him to death. His story
is that whllo viewing tho wreck ho saw
hnlf a dozen men jump on a man who had
been loafing about In tho crowd. Somo
ono hit tho man with a club, felling him
to the ground. Then tho crowd jumped
on tho man and kicked him until ho was
unconscious. Somo ono cried "lynch tho
thief." Then tho crowd picked up his
limp form and carried it to Uusscll ave
nue, where tney put It in a dirt wagon and
carted it oil.
There oxists about as much uncertainty
as to tho actual number .of peoplo killed
and tho amount of property damaged as
on tho first mornlngof tho disaster. Scores
of dead have been identlllod, but no ono Is
willing to venture a guess as to how many
bodies may bo in tho ruins of the hundreds
of buildings as yet unexplored. The total
number of dead In St, Louis, Identified up
to midnight, is 1(52 and in East Ht. Louis
127. In St. Louis there aro 23 bodlos still
unldontifled and in East Sr. LouisS. It Is
believed that tho deaths of tho injured and
tho future recovery of bodlos will bring
the St. Louis death list well up to 200. In
East St. Louis tho city officials doclaro
that thoy have hopo that tho death roll on
that sido of tho river will not exceed 150,
but tho rulus upon which tho rescuers
have not yet begun to work may swell tho
total beyond that figure.
Tho estimates upon property loss havo
grown wilder and union further apart.
Guesses wore made today all the way from
12,000,000 to $30,000,000 for St. Louis and
from 51,500,000 to .$20,000 OKI for B-ist St.
Louis. Tho most popular estimate is in
tho neighborhood of 925,(W,(KK) for both
cities, including railroad bridges dam
aged. Tlio building contractors of tho city
have been overwhelmed with orders for
rebuilding, and tho work of wiping out
tho havoo of tho storm will bo pushed
with all energy.
Corrected reports from various sourcos
along tho river front materially reduce tho
estimate of tho loss by drowning. How
many roustabouts went down will proba
bly never bo known, as they are generally
of a class in who'o welfare thero is little
Interest, most of them being negro no
mads who move from ono port to another.
Of nil the thrilling experiences narrated
on tho river front that of Miss Clam is
given a distinguished position in tho list.
She was employed as a typewriter in tho
oillceof tho Diamond Joo lino, which has
Its olllcos on tho wharf bunt. When tho
Plttwburg was swept out by tho storm tho
wharf boat went with It and likewise Miss
Claru,,-who had been looking out tho win
dow at tho clouds which betokonod the
cyclono.
"In an instant there was a rush and a
roar.tho olllceboat nnd, nil wero oltat once.
The wharf boat capsized when it reached
Arsenal Island, aud Miss Clara escaped to
a raft, receiving a. thorough drenching In
tho meantime. From the raft she was as
sisted by Captain Holand, of the Pittsburg,
to that steamer. Tho young lady was re
turned to tho city Thursday, only to find
her home at Seventh and Gratiot in ruins.
Tlu destitution, misery and want here
has touched tho hearts of tho peoplo in all
jmrts of tho country, and as a result, over
since tho storm of 'Wodnesday offers of
help and contributions havo been pouring
in. Up to a lato hour 15,000 was the
total amount of donations received.
Tho many messages showthatthe purses
as well as tho sympathy of tho peoplo of
the United States nro at tho disposal of tho
helpless unfortunates of St. Louis. Hut
St. Louis Is a proud city. She Is always
ready to givo, but never begs, unless It
should become nocossary by abjoct want
Tho peoplo of St. Louis who escaped the
ravages of tha tornado will see that their
brethorn do not snfforfor tho necessities of
life or forany needed assistance.
Tho mayor of tho Mound City, well
knowing her clvio. prldo, has uniformly
returned thanks to tho senders of ull tho
telsgmms and answorod that St. Louis
can care for her own, nnd whllo tho kind
offers of financial assistance aro appre
ciated, no outsldo aid will bo needed.
From far off London Sir Henry Irving,
Olgn Nethcrsolo and Wilson Harrott havo
have cabled money, sympathy and offers
of benefit performances If needed. Others
are as generous, aud no doubt thousands
(Continued on Second Pace. )
GOODS THAT GO.
Get Ready For the
Hot Wave.
Screen doors and window screens,
plain and fancy.
Ice cream freezers, best make.
Hammocks, 10 kinds.
Notion Department.
Special Silk Belts, worth 25c,
price 15c.
Fans worth 10c, price 5c.
Handkerchiefs worth 10 cents,
price 5c.
Shell hair pins 5c per dozen.
Flesh Brushes, all bristle, 50c.
GET ONE OF OUR 25c BROOMS AND A
15c BUCKET FOR 25?.
GIRVIN'S
8 S. Main Street.
SPECIAL AT BICKERT'S CAFE.
Tho Special Hill of l'aro Tor Decoration
Day.
Fresh lobsters.
Lobster salad.
Deviled crabs.
Hard shell crabs.
Chicken salad.
Roast, stewed and fried chicken.
Oyster pie.
Scalloped oysters.
Clara, oyster aud chicken soup.
Paid For Ills liii.
A ball was held in Bobbins' opera houso
last night for tlio benefit of the Russian Band,
which, is soon to bo organized. Joseph
Krauser was ono of tho attendants and be
came a nuisance. Ho told Justice Williams
ho went to tho placo to havo fun with tho
Hungarians. On Centre street Krauser broko
away from Kami, but tho ofllcer re-captured
mm. 1110 lun cost Krauser $8.10.
AT Till: UI'-TO-HATi:.
Fino Neckwear.
Fine Negligee Shirts.
Fino stilt' aud crush hats.
At tlio very lowest cash prices. At MAX
LEVIT'S, 15 East Centre street.
If you havo carpet rags and wish them
mado into a good carpet send them to Frieke's
carpet store Carpet beaters of all kinds. , -
f
Glass In Ills IIi'iiil.
Yesterday afternoon a Polish man walked I
into the otlico of Dr. W. N. Stein and com
plained of having n "sick bead." Upon ex
amination tho doctor found a wound on tlio
back of his head which contained a pieco of
glass which ho received in a drunken brawl
somo timo ago, by being hit on tho head
with a beer glass by a fellow countryman.
Hino You Tried It?
Well, Jack ; Havo you tried tho now
bottled beer put out by tho Columbia Brow
ing Company? Will: I should say I had:
my wife says it is tho finest ever in tho
house, and I agree with her.
Get a "Periodical Ticket" bed; fico. 12t
Going to . .
Paper That ...
Room This Spring?
We have the largest assortment
of low and high priced paper
to be found. Over 800 different
patterns. Brown back at 5c.
White back at 6c, 7cand7c.
Gilts at 6c, 7c, 8c and 84c
Strictly first class goods.
Room Mouldings In all the Latest Colorings.
Send to us for an estimate before
you have any work done. Please
state what price paper you want
and we will submit samples.
WINDOW : SHADES.
We don't handle any "snaps" to
catch the unsuspecting public.
Everything in this line is sold
Strictly on its merits aud we
guarantee better value for your
money than you obtain elsewhere.
We are the oldest established-
wall paper and window shade
house in Shenandoah. You can
fully trust such a firm.
F.J. Portz&Son,
SHENANDOAH, PA
in s
1
Korn
Kure
Knocks
Out the worst tormentor in the
quickest time. Only 10 cents.
DRUG STORE,
6 South Alain Street.
3'
ii JUdMa