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ana
5ln in&epenicnt Jamilji Paper itvolti to News, Citcraturc, Politics, CVgricnltnrc, Science anD ittorality.
II. C. HICKOK, EDITOR.
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 20, 1850.
VOL. VI., NO. 5 i 311.
LEW
SBU
ON
The l.owlsburg Chronicle ie issued
every Wednesday marniag at Lewiaburg, Uuion
county, Pennsylvania.
T. $1.50 per year, for eah actually lo
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lercive all.-iuion. 1 Done relating ridUMvely to
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11 moj, Ehj , EditnrnA all on businesa to be
ai irei-.cd to the VubUthcr.
Oriire, Market Si. between Src.ird and Third.
O. X. WORBEX, Punier and Publi.her.
I'rom the Lewislmrg Califbmians.
OaK Ranch, near the Mission off
iS.iu Jiso. Calif. Jso. 1650. $
Friend Wghden : In a form r letter, I
promised to give you a description of as
outfit, for an overland j urney to Califor
nia. No dot.lt the emigration across the
plains will b- immense nexi season. I do
t.ot e jpect to iiifiut-nre any of my friend
to undertake tlit? journey nor would I;
li'ii s,h ;u!d any venture, let them beware
it the bouiiRTO or ''fort o.nitli" route,
i; 1 1 which so many of us were gulled last
season by the speculators of that place.
'I h"-e self ir.teres'ed villains lieeerve liang-
rijr. without t;raee, I'm their successful ef
forts in aUra-tui a large portion of the
f;ii;:ra;i'-n, and m.k.n j thai a star'.in"
point.
The ro'jie iliro O'd Mexico, from Vera
Cruz-- to M izv.lan, is highly spoken of,
by sortie of lii-ise who have Iravehd it. Ii
i no d ii.lj! n'ertfHM and expeditious if
pessae for San Francisco can be procured
at the latter place. Detention at Mazatlan
ia 'he principle o'jee:ion to the route.
I5y way of the South Pass, throtish the
Great B-i?in, and across the Sierra Nevada
mountain, his been, and will continue to
tx iho great line of trivet, to thi country,
ny 'and. I huve met persons that canie
ilirough from Independence, Mo , in HAy.
five traelinj day. Of courae they were
well supplied with gnod pack mulea ; which
ia the only way I wouM a-jain attempt the
journey.
It is (rue, a number of wagons have
come into the country, but the greater
par' ofthern, amounting to thousands, are
strewed alo:i the way from the South
Pass to (he Summit of the S'erra Nevada
A great many convenient articles can be
carried in a wagon : but what do extras
and comforts amount to, when at last
cbffed to pack, in the midai of desert,
or on the top of a maintain, where few or
none of ;lie facilities can be procured t
What I shall say, in regard to a "oec
eary outfit," I have learned by experi
ence and observation,,
The principal object in packing are ex
ped tion. and being able to travel with
ease where wagons can not go, or past
with d.ftkuUy. The lighter the packs,
and fewer unnecessary articles, the better.
If there be too much ol anything, let it be
in the provision line. Carry nothing wilb
ycu but absolute necessaries, and my word
for it, you wiil not regret it. Let a pair
of saddle bgs contain your entire ward
lobe, toilet, fancy articles and all. With
a good suit of substantial materials upon
your back, an extra pair of pantaloons,
boots, and two changes of underclothes,
are all (hat are' necc&sary. No need for
broadcloths and satins plenty of such
goods here. A blanket overcoat is an in- j
d;spenvb!e article. An india-rubber over
coat, leggings, and blanket, do not come
amiss, (or rain may be expected io the set-
tmg out; also a small, light, water-proof
tent, and two pair of good wool blankets.
Tour canteen, of whatever material, should
be thickly covered with woolen cloth, and
immersed in water when filled, it preserves
the water cool, and of course is more re
freshing. As for weapons, a good "Colts
Revolver' will answer every purpose ; a
knife and hatchet are needed for general
use ; a rifle or gun is very desirable at
times, but you may not have occasion to
use it half a dozen times on the way.
Afser making the above preparations,
repair to Independence, St. Joseph, or any
othfrtartng point on the rout. Provide
yonroclf with three or four good mules.
one to rtoe, two to pnek, and one or two
to run bare backed, in case of an emergen
cy. If you wish to indulge in the buffalo
chase, you must hive a good horse lo ride.
Take none bit giol G:ung pack saddles,
and have abundance of material to pre
serve ihe back of the animals. Htve
forty leet of ropa for each animal, besides
Jashing ropes.
I hre persona in a mm is enough, aod
more than twenty to travel in company are
useless. You need no guide, the road be
fore you being broad and plain. If the bal
ance ol the company areas well provided
with stock as yoursell, (you should join
such as are,) it will not be necessary to
provision (or more than eigh'.y days at
most. One lb. of bacon and one and a
half of breadstuli will be found little enough
for each man per dny (one-half flour, the
other hard bread, which tho less palatable,
it more convenient in case of rain or the
absence of wood.) A few pounds ol beans,
dried fruit, coffee, sugar, salt, pepper, tea,
aud other minor articles you may think of,
will constitute your stock of provision. A
coffee pot, frying-pan, stew kettle, tin cup,
and plate, and your kitchen furniture is
complete. An itidia rubber bucket for the
mess, would be f und very useful.
Armed and equipped as above, you had
better fcct sail with the "trade winds,"
which commence blowing about Ihe first
of Mjy. If your anrmls should prove
stubborn talk Spanish to them, " Happah,
mulah, vamosa ;" it will have the desired
effect. If you should swamp in the mud.
riWf $wtur, but set to and lilt them out.
If you should be overtaken by a storm,
I, was glnd to get a Tiibnne u
per copy.
lhat price.
There appears to be no. end to the cmi
uration to this country. The "gold fiver'
increases, carrying off" thousands daily
Old IV'i.Dsvlvunia is certainly behhud the
ago. The few vessels leaving thfl port ol
Philadelphia is rather surprising. Can it be
that you are all asleep, or have you seen
no more of the "dust'' than you can "put
in your eye?"
It is generally supposed that during the
coming season, this country will reach its
zenjth, at least in the gold excitement.
Speculation will undoubtedly run' high.
Fortunes will be mkJe in a day as it were.
The whole thing is a perfect gambling
shop. 1 hope we shall be amongst the lucky
ones. It is not tl.e persons that dig in the
mines that make fortunes, but the trading
character.
Hut this state oftlrngs enn not last for
ever. There is scarcely any bound to the
price of real estate in San Francisco, and
other cities and towns in the country. Lots
in ttie lormer place that two rears nitn
were bought for sixteen dollars, are now
worth fifty thousand. Look at the estima
ted loss by the late fire in that place. I was
your tent blown down, yourselves and there at the time. Some ten or fifteen
traps'' saturated with water, lake it i frame houses, perfect shells and iheir con-
cooly, especially if you can get no wood to
make a fire with. If you should wake
up in the morning, and find lhat your an
imals had walked off in search of letttr
picking, it will afford you a pleasant day's
stroll over the plain in search of them. If
your slumbers should be disturbed by the
presence of a score of wolves, howling as
though I here were that many thousand,
cfj.t't be alarmed ; they won't hurt you,
they only team your meat. If your guard
should fall asleep, and the " Red-skins"
see fit to walk off with part of your bag
gage, dnn"t think hard of it ; they need
it, you can console yourselves with the
idea that they did not take all. If pro
vision should grow short, or stock fail,
don't (orget to turn in at the Mormon Set
tlement, to recruit and replenish. If in
crossing the desert your animal should
drop down under you, think nothing of it ;
you can easily foot it the balance of the
vuy. Or if any ol your companions, over
corruj with thirst and fatigue, are unable to
proceed, leave them to their fate, and rush
for water. If in ascending the Sierra Ne
vada, one of your mules should lose its ba
lance and fall over a precipice, pack and
all, you can do no belter than assist it in
regaining in former footing. If through
out the whole of your journey, -you pre
serve an even temper (I never knew an
instance,) you should be worshiped aa a
saint in this " land of promise," and be
presented with a crown of gold. Finally,
if one out of ten of you succeed in making
a fortune here, you art do better than
thoutandtthat have game before you.
Respectfully Yours,
w. n. c.
Oak Ranch," Jan. 23, 1150.
John, Fred, and myself are keeping
bachelor's hall in a canvass house or tent.
We have squatted ia a beautiful part of the
country .and will probably claim a pre-emp
tion right when the lands are surveyed.
W e have na med our place Oak Ranch,"
from four large oaks peculiar to the country
in front of our Casta, as the Span
iards call our house a very temporary
one you will say ; but we are comfortable,
and feel very much at home.not withstand
ing the wet weather, the coontry at present
being almost deluged. During the dry
season it never tains, and a great many
people live night and day in the open air.
1 very much doubt whether you would fall
in love with life in California.if here. Our
nearest neighbors are seven miles distant.
I am alone to night, John and Fred, hav
ing gone down to the Ernbarkadero, seven
teen miles, distant with the mules, to pack
up provisions. 1 wish you were here. It
would afford me a great deal more pleasure
to tell you my mind than to write it. As
to general news, anything 1 could write
would be atale, for if you coniinue to "take
the papers," you know as much as I do,
almost.
As to our journey out, I will say noth
ing. It is an unpleasant subject.and makes
me feel "sorter dreadful'' to think of scenes
we passed through : suffice it lo say that it
is the longest, niost difficult, and haaardous
rout overland now traveled.
The Lewistnwn boys who came by Vera
Cruz through Mexico to Mazatlaa, thence
to San Francisco by water, were highly
pleased with their trip and reached hero
in July.
I have seen papers from the States as
late as November. On the arrival of the
last steamer, thousands of Tribunes, Her
ald, and other cacers told at one dollar
leots were burned. Total los, One Mill
ion Dollars I Must of these houses were
replaced in less than two weeks and gamb
ling resumed as though nothing had hap
pened.
Some of the finest music 1 have ever
listened to, 1 heard in this country Span
ish, Italian, French, German, and a great
variety. More than one thousand dollars
are daily expended for music, by the gamb
ling houses of San Francisco. If you were
here.and could endure the everlasting jing
ling of money in the public gambling room,
I cuulJ safely ensure yourself and violin
from an ounce to twenty -five dollars per
day, especially if you could give them a
touch of " daddy coon'' occaaionally
pretty good wages for tormenting cat-gut
hey T
I would not influence any of my friends
for or against coming to this country ;
then there will be no cause for reflection.
In writing, I endeavor to give facts as near
as 1 can. It is not every one that conies,
makes a fortune far from it. There is
now suffering and distress here. Scarcely
a day passes that we do not feed some un
fortunate person who is "strapped" many
of whom were in easy circumstances at
home, some wealthy, who curse the day
they "resolved to go to California."
(low the miners are doing we can not
learn, owing to the bad state of the roads.
The last news from the "Maraposa Dig
gings" (where we were,) everything in the
way of provisions was two dollars per lb
flour, pork, beans, sugar, coflce,&c. Thou
sands of men w ho worked in the mines las:
season.and obtained more or less gold.came
down to Sacramento City, Stockton, Srtn
Francisco and other places to winter, lost
all at the gambling fable, and are now des
tituie, and the wet season but half over. I
saw a fellow in San Francisco, who came
down from the mines, to go home in the
steamer of the 1st. He commenced bel
ting at Monte, and when he set sail had but
seven thousand left. I have seen some of
the "times you read ol" since leaving
home, and if I should be lucky here, I will
endeavor to take care of it. I think we de
serve fortunes.
It is laughable to hear passengers by
water just landed, complaining of the hard
are they had on board, and in nine cases
out of ten, the Captain of the vessel is pros
ecuted for damages. If they remain here
any time, they will learn not to complnin
of the living on I be way home. Luxuries
such as milk eggs, cabbage, potatoes, are
scarce and expensive. Taters are now
worth one dollar per lb. at Sacramento
city (the greater portion of which city ,
by the way, is under water.) A short time
ago, two New Yorkers came ashore from
a vessel just arrived in the port of San
Francisco. Feeling a little hungry for
something fresh, they stepped into a resta
rsnnt.and after looking over the bill of fare,
called for ham and eggs. They ate a
pretty hearty dinner. Imagine their sur
prise when told that their bill was sixty
Yfive dollars. This is a fact : "green uns"
get a good training here.
As a specimen ol gambling last sum
mer, one evening in the mines, a young
Spaniard commenced betting. His luck
was good, and he won several banks in
all 3,000 ounces, or 948.600. x he gamb
lers proposed uniting to make up a bank
of that amount, and asked him if he would
M tap it. He said he would, his friends
at Ihe same time urging him to desist
The bank was made, he threw his pile on
a sinale card, and lost. His friends up-
LrniJad him fur it, telling him that if h
had not bet he would have had S1?,G0(J !
'Ah ! but,'' said he, "if I Imd woo, 1
would have bad 897,200 !' He lighted
hia ' cigarro" and walked away, as uncon
cerned as though nothing had happened.
1 will not vouch for the truth of this, a'-
t hough told me for a fact at at:y rate, ii
is a good one, and heavier betting than
that is frequently done. A Spaniurd loses
a heavy bet with th utmot indifference.
We have succeeded in gelling Ihe goud
we shipped from Philadelphia out to our
ranch." The expenses of freight and
storage at San Francisco, exceeded the
fiist cost. But we will make them nav.
We packed them up from ihe Ernbarka
dero on our mules, seventeen miles, and a
very bad road. We carried 300 lbs. on
a mule, at an average. We have become
accustomed to packing, but can not com
pete with the Mexicans, who beat the world
at the business. At best it is but a sorry
means of transportation, compared with
the facilities you have in the S ates. We
have our mules, which we brought nut
with us, and they alone are worth more
than all our expenses in coming to this
country. We have provisions enough cn
hand, and paid for, to make us several
thousand dollars so you see, although we
have done but little, we are not likely to
starve for soma lime'to come. We get
920,00 for boots that cost us $2.00 in
Philadelphia, 50 cts per lb for flour, 75
for pilot bread. $1 per lb. for sugar, $1,50
Tk3 Public Lands.
To one who lead the Annual Reports
of our Lind Commissioners, assur'ng us
ihat we have thousands of millions of acres
of land, it may seem ue less to inquire how
fist it is selth d ; for it seems inexhaustible.
But there is another and different aspect in
hich to view thia sul j ;ct. Though land
is i.limst ineinansiioe. ovuitnr.ie, :er-
t;!te I mJ is in every country settled and oc
rupied in a few feneration. In thia coun
try tl:e standard lunds are corn lands for
food and coal htm! for minerals. Corn
lauds are in a great measure bottom lands,
and therefore nut a small part of ihe whnly.
Oi'ihe coul-Selds in the United States there
s as yet but a small part aectssiUe to mar
kets. It follows, then, and we knov the
fact from actual observation, that the best
lands in the whole United Sta'es are sold
and mostly occupied in a single generation
la consequenece of this it is that we fi'fd
improved farms in New-York end Pennsyl
vania sold, not unfrequenily, at one hund
red dollars per acre. In another genera
tion the best lands of Ohio will command
more than lhat price.
It is of importance to all men. who eith
er hold or expect to hold lands, to aseer-
d:n, if possible, the progress of actual set
tlement and cultivation. This problem see.-ns
to be difficult, but may he solved with a
suflk-ient accuracy to afford a very clear
view of the actual progress of the Americ
an nation in the settlement of new lands.
It is only necessary to know the proportion
The increase of land entrirs, in the tlireA their Conversion, ths furmvi..'n of the
years prior to lgJ9, were as folio : j Constitution, or i:a sol-sequent adoption by
Land entered is J846 3 901 637 acrta. I tl.e People. I It: tVcics in the mo.t emphatic '
- I HI om - j n'an"''. ,hn! ""T l ttt titizene of the
This increase is very larrj ; but it must United 5 voted w hen lb Constitu
be rwollecfed thi in th. th t.. .. "'" " submitted lo the temple kr its ap-
iuratinn was immensely increased bv ilm i Pr,ra'.
L-'iropenn tamme ol ISiH. ihe em.gra
(ion in three years exceeded, bv three hun
drecf nod fifty thousand, whrtti' would have
bei a under the former proportions,
number of emigrants would require about
three million five hundred thousand acres ;
so thit, if the fluctuations occasioned by
foreign emigration were left oul of view, 'he
actual increase ol the sales of puM.c lands
would be fiund to proceed exactly ia pro
portion lo the increase of population at
home-
I. And declares that a majority of
all the p r-on Irorn the S'ave Slates thnt
were in Cal.forn'a were ia fuvor ol making
California a Ftee S"a:e. It is th: lust as-
Ibi J Prl'"n 'f-,t ennr js the slavery propagan-"
dists more than aiiyining rise, end for the
utterance of which Dr. Gain has teen
most censured.
At a social gn'herip.j a fl-w evenings
since, composed of southern mvn, he us
asked how he could malce such an asser
tion, ih.,t S u herners in Gir,furaia wer
i.i fnvor of her admission as a Free Stile.
r ' ... j of agriculturists to ibe whole people, the
man iiienis, ai oi.vu, wnicn pronuo v
don't cost us a ' bit." The season of Ira
vel will soon commence, w hen we expect
to be very busy, having some other mat
lets in contemplation. I would not lake
$10,000 for my chance the coming sea
son, if I keep my health, although I may
miss the mark widely.
Any person doing business in this coun
try is obliged lo have a pair of gold scales
for the principal currency is dust, at
18 per ounce. The smallest coin in cir
culation here is a rial or bit, which passes
only for cigars. The "gold dollar" has
made its appearance here. Money seems
of little value a penny is more esteemed
in Penn'a than a dollar here. The other
day, J. M. was offered five dollars for ryi
American cent as a curiosity, but refused.
We are obliged to do the greater part of
our trading io the Spanish language. As
far as business is concerned,! bave learned
to get along very wall, and expect sunn to
be pretty well versed in the "lalk."
Clover and wild oats grow spontane
ously all around us. Vegetation commen
ced in November,and now the surrounding
hills and vallies are clothed in green
grass of course, for there is very little
timber in the country. The California
oak, of which so much has been said, is fit
only for shade trees, firewood, and to fur
nish acorns for the Indians. Thousands
of cattle are in sight every day. These
afford the finest beef in the world. W e
give a Spaniard 85 or $10 lo "lasso'' one
lor us. It would do your eyes good to see
the operation. W.H.C.
.Mr. John H. Goodman.
The Ruler's Daughter.
BV MU HART a. a. PlUi.
A &ther la praying, the SaTlor to hear.
Tar hi daughter b dytnfr, with no helper near,
Bneerhing him greatly, he IkllJ at hii fce
And hia alory of aorrow O hear aim repeat :
My dear little daughter, I few (be will diet
O thou nwrriful SaTtor, attend to my cry I
If thoa wilt but touch her, the rarely will lira;
Then to tbee aU tbe glory, O Jeaua, l'U give."
And Jema went with him but aoon it waa aaid
To tbe heartatrkken ttther, "Thy daughter ia dead !
Why trouble the Halter thy won to rcliere t"
But the kind SaTior whippered, " Now only beliere."
Tbey cane to the bouae, and the mourners were there,
Who with weeping and wailing were reading the air;
But Jems improved them : " Why thua do ye weep ?
For tbe maid ia not dead, aba ia only atlerp."
O, eee 1 with a touch how the maiden awakea.
When tbe mighty Physician her hand gently takes!
AndTseel from ner Ssatuna pale death quickly fliea,
At tbe voice of the Sanaa, "Odamael, arise !"
Homily against Spitting. The Rev.
Mr. Beecher, in a recent sermon, inveighed
severely against the filthy practice of spil
ling in churches. He said that men had a
right to snuff, and smoke, and chew as
much as they pleased at home, but ihey
had no right to introduce such profanity in
to the church, destroying the carpets, and
showing disrespect to the house of God.
What would they think or hun if he chewed
in the pulpit and spat from it 1 They had
iust as little right to do so. Tbe Doctor
...
was only half right. vnal right has a
man lo spit even in hia own bouse 1 What
would he think of his mother, sinters, wife.
or daughters, indulging in such a practice?
It ihey may not with propriety disgust him
under what canon of social justice may ha
disgust then 1
amount of emigration, the sales of the pub
lie lands, and the annual increase of the
inhabitants. AH these we know. The pop
ulation increases three and one third per
cent, each year. Taking the year 143 as
the basis of calculation, the w hite popula
tion was about eighteen millions. The in
trease in 18-19. at three and one-thirl p'-r
'cent, was six hundred thousand. The uv
leroe emigration for three or four years,
J (which is the true basis.) was about two
hundred and fifty thousand. The increase
of population is thus made up :
Increase of naiiva bora ... 350.000
Do foreign born ... 253,000
The number of persons employed in sg
rioulture is seventy-seven per cent , or fa
ther more than three-fourths of the whole
people. Ol the increase of the two ele
ments of population stated above, the nurn j
ber of farming and planting people (at three-1
fourths of the whole) stand thus :
American born . . - . 2C2.5"0 1
Emigrante 187 S00
Of the fust class, (262,500) we mBy
safely assume that about one-half are pro
vided for by inheritances, while the others
purchase new lands. Tbe emigrants must
of course all purchase new lands, or the
farms of those who must, in their turn, pur
chase anew. The whole ol emigrant far
ming people must be provided with lands.
The total num'rerof persons to be provided
with lands on the basis of tiie population of
1818 is, then :
American borrr .... 13I.S50
Emigrania -. - - 187.500
Total ... 319.750
The provision however is to be m4e by j
families, and not individuals ; and 4h !
proportion of hiads of fm;hes lo tan whole
rvimber of persons is about one in six.
There are, therefore, on th? above calcu
Idlion,filty-three thousand one hundred and
tweniy-five tracts of rublic land required
to supply ihe actual demand of furming
people for land. The public land is now
sold in tracts of fort,, eighty, one hundred
and sixty, three hundred and twenty, and
six hundred and forty acres each. It is
well known, however, that the emigrants
purchase in nine cases out of ten, very
small tracts of land. We assume eighty
acres for each family as the amount re
quired by actual settlers. This gives us
lor fifty-three thousund one hundred and
weniy-five tracts, the aggregate of f mr
millions two hundred and fifty thousand
acres of land required in 1649 for actual
use and settlement. This is the theory. If
it be correct, it will not vary very largely
rom the sale of public lasids, when there
is no speculative fever to create a false de
mand. Let us see how they correspond.
We find theeiiries of public lands in 1813
to be thus :
There are two d:stur!iine cau s r f the
rreguWity in the amount of land sold.
These are, speculation and emigration.
The laitcr we know and can ci.imate ex
actlj; but the former (speculation) we may
antici.M'e, whenever ihe paper cur;en y is
largely increased ; but we can not tell ex
actly i!s elit-f?. In 1S35. 1834 and 18.17.
a most enormous speculation n public lands
ocrurre d. Many of the highest official of
fleers of the government wer involved in
it, scd few tceculative l.ubMt s have evrr
exceeded thai in extent and power. Full
twenty millions of acres were in those three
years taken by speculator alone. The
consequence was, that lor iVj n- s: five
ytais the sale of pubiii. lands greatly fe:
otf. By 135, however, tha sales had got
into the ordinary channel, and since then
have regularly increased. The ss'es c!
Idl9-'I0 will be about five millions of
tides per annum.
The Siute of Ohio contains about twen
ty-five millions of acres. The annual
sales cf public lands is five millions. Con
seqnently the sales of putdic lands amount
to the w hole surface of the Staleo' Oiito each
five years. In fen years, ihen, two ne
S a es would be entnely occupied by set
tlements, provided the lands were ull am
b'e. But they are not. We rowt allow
full one-third even of the best States for
non occupation in the first generation, by
reason of inferior soils. The conclusion W
the whole, then, is that the people of the
United Slates actually progress, in ihe pur
chase, settlement, end occupation of new
land, at the rate of three average sized
Slates in each tej years. Cincinnati
Chronicle. '"
Ho repliet', " I can satisfy you of it in 8
fu words: Ii ('alifuroa La bob is Kb
srECT.tBLr. In hermxesare to be found
men of the Lighest intelligence and re
spectability performing daily lubor ; ac j
they do not wish to see the slaves of some
wealthy planter or owner brought there,
and t tit in competition with their labor,
side by hide. It is from the very fact that
Lnbor is retptelabte, that we wish to keep
it so by excluding S avery from our Sta-".
Coxofbrt fiir the Bereaved.
The following paasaeea, taken (una porm on
a Dead Child, (written by Misa Hiantrr.') give
cha;. aoJ vrrae for the foul's Bible of con.oiatK.n,
HTie ang-ls tlaTe the, mrp-t .'
BeiailMi we are no: worthy."
Arms empiy of her child aha aits,
Wit'i apirit anbrreaeen :
" God will not all take back Hia gifts
My Lily 'a mine in hcaveu !
" Soil mine mslernal right aerena
Mot gieen to anoihir!"
The rry.-tal bara shine bnsht hcta-een
Tbe aoula of chilJ and mother.
"Meanwhile." the mother cries, content,
"Our loee was well divided ;
Its aweetneaa following wber ha weu',
lis anguish aUyrd where I dij.
Well done of Gjd. to hvlee the I A.
And give her all tbe sweeinea !
To us the empty room and eat ;
To ber tbe hraven'e coropletaneaa.
"To na thia grave ; to ber the rowa
The mystic paltn-tree spring in ;
To ua the silence in the . ouse ;
To ber the choral eiuging !"
Sold by the Government 1.897 553 aeiea.
Mencan War Warrants enter d 3 Xttl,950 -8
lata eeWcliona under act '41 378 O.18
Improvement of rivara, etc. 321.184 "
Choctaw CertiDCile 97.240 -
Total acres entered - 4,933,01 9
Deducting from this total ihe S ale and
Internal Improvement selections, we have
fourmilhoBt two hundred and ihirty-thrre
thousand sevts) hundred and sixiy-three
seres entered for use and settlement, al
most the very same amount, bad arrived
by at the theory of incrsasisg popwlattoa !
The Reason.
From the New York Tiibcnsv
Washington, Feb. SI.
Dr O win, the Senator elect from Cali
fornia, has already become an ob;ect of
suspicion, if not ol denunciation, ou the
part of the ultra S. avery men, who pre'er
dissolution to the admission of another
Free Siate into tho.Union. Thia distrust
has been brought about in this wise : The
conspirators against the Union, as an ex
cuse for opposing the a Jmission of Cali
fornia under her present Constitution, have
assigned several objecliJhs, either of w hich
they have argued was fatal. The first is,
that " undue influences" have been exerted
on the part of the Executive and his Cabi
net in prevailing upon the people of Call
lornia to adopt her present Constitution,
excluding Slavery therefrom. The second
is, that the right of suffrage was exercised
by foreigners and others, who bad no legal
right to vote. And the third is, that but
for the above two reasons, citizens from
tbe South would have been permitted to
have aettled there byoperation of law with
their Slaves.
These propositions sre all bot.lly met
by Dr. Uwin, and unqualifiedly denied,
lie avows lhat no influence whatever, ei
ther proper or improper, was exercised
over the People of California on the part
of the Administration or of individuals, in
the action which they took either in calling
Fresh Air.
Man rc! strangely. Alrbouh a cur
rent of fresh air i the life of his very luna,
beseems indt durable in the exercise of his
nventive powers to deprive himself of this
heivrn'y blessing. Thus he carefully clo
nes every crit.ny ol his bedchamber against
us entrance, and be prefers that his lungs
should receive the mixed efiJuviuin from hi
cellar and iarder, and from a patent little
modern aq'inrius in lieu of it. Why should
man be so teriified at the admission of
nigh: air iuto any of his a p-ir'. "tufts 1 It
is nature's overflowing current, and never
carries the destroy ini; nngel wib it. See
how soundly the delicate little wren and
tender robin sleep under its full and imme
diate influence, and hew fresh, and vigor
ous, and joj ous they rise amid the surroun
ding dew. drops of the morning. Altnougti
exposed all night lung to the air of heaven,
their luos are never out of order, and this
we know by the daily repetition of their
-onjf. Liok at the newly-born hare, witt
out any nest to go to. It lives and thrives,
and becomes strong and playlul under the
Jiimttrgnted Mie'aHMiier nf fti'linj! dews of
night. I have here a fine male turkey, I jIP
eiht years oU.anJ he has not passed a sin
gle uiht in sholter. lie roosts in a cherry
tree, Blia ol-ay. V. s. T-.i .-n Lfiillh tjiro'-
out the year. Three dunghill fowls pre
ferring the cherry-tree to the warm perch-
es in the ben-house,took up their airy quar
ters with l.nn enrly in October, si d have
never g ne to aoy orher roosting p uce.
fhc cow anJ tht: Lorsc sleep safely on tho
cold damp groii.'.Jeand thi roebuck liei
d.iwn lo rest in tha he.tther, on the dewy
mountain's lop. I mj self cau sleep al! mphs
long, baicheaded, under the tuj ni. sin's
watery beams, without any fear of dan
ger, and pass the dsy in wet shoes without
cttching cold. Coughs and colds are gen
erally caught in the transition from an
ver-heiled room to a coid apartment ; but
there would be n dnnger ia this movemeut
if venti's'ion were properly attended to a
iire-'aution little thought of now a Hays
IValerton' Es ays on Ifa'ural Ilutory.
Mind in S ckn-s. There aie d'Jtics im
poiel by sickness. Oaa is, t. seek the
res'ora'ton of bealh. Another, to deny
one's self. Anrht-r, to sunvnen ihemtnfj
to th relief of the body. The physicistv
may do much to aid this.as Dr Rjsh.whew
hy Ihe words "the euJit),sliet,"in rallied
'he mental enemies of an enfeehted patient,
by tho recall of a scene of youth in which
b ith had partaken. We ouht to berawt
issid ioUs in attention lo thos" w hose dis
asyi accompanied with nent.l depression.
Twenly years ago, the whole quantity
of R'nhrscite ooh! mined in Pennsylvania,
was three hundred sixty five tons. It?
Id40, eight hundred suty-seven thousafc-l
and for'.v-Sve Ions. In 1810. three mil
lion two hundred eighty two thousand f.ur
hundred and ttinetj.two. and for the pr s-
ent year it may be ett!in;itid at b:tr mil-
liuu of tons. The business is in i s infancy.
Cnlish Taxation R Mont j .mery
Mirtin B'nre., thit o! X50,"00,000 of tax
es, two million and a bail o! rich pei-pw
pay JC 1 1 530,000 ; eight million of ih
middle classes pay i.25,4 10.000 ; and lour
teen million of ihe working classes y
Xi3,t'30,llll0.
The Lancaster banks advertise 3200 re
ward for the detection of the persous wh
have mutilated their notes, and pasted h
' get bar he rnere s so ss lo form new rne.
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