“Teaching the Girls to Cook.”
I find this plan admirable
the kitchen and dining room in the
best of order, Myself and two daugh- |
take |
ters, ages sixteen and thirteen,
turns in getting dinner. After the
morning's work is done, the one that
gets the dinner churns and makss the
light bread. Cook books are looked
over and things selected for dinner.
I teach them there is nothing too good
for a home dinner,
economy. Use stale cake, bread, rice
and potatoes in appetizing
salad and dressing. Each take de-
light in having a nicely cooked dinner
and table looking fresh and
when tired papa comes from work.—
© Florida Agriculturist.
“Hot-Pot’” as Bridal Gift.
A recent
the Sea, a picturesque
village to the north
has called atention to an ancient mar-
riage custom prevailing at this place
which, so far as is known, is absolute-
ly unique in the kingdom.
little fishing
The custom consists in the villagers |
providing a ‘“‘hot-pot” and presenting
it at the church door as the bridal
party leaves, Home Chat.
The conteits of the “hot-pot” are a
mixture beer, brandy, eggs, and
gingér, made very hot. The gift is
considered a great compliment.
is an instance on record of no fewer
than seventy “hot-pots” been
sent to a newly-married
had won great popularity.
says
of
Nari er
having
couple who
Candidate Could Cook.
Kan., at the
ran for
Saline County,
woman
In
election, u
perintendent
electionecring
she
twenty men
asked ‘them
promised that she would be «
ficial. but they were
interested in he:
fice. “Kin yer cook
the men. ‘the would-be
dent said she could, and
swered: “Well, we've livin' cn
men's cookin’ for two weeks out here,
and if yer want vote for
cook us a woman's meal.” The meal
was coked and the men were so well
pleased with it that when the cook lett
they gave her three cheers and pro-
mised to vote for her. She was elect
ed by a majority of eighteen, so the
meal was mot cooked in vain.—New
York Tribune.
young
of schools
for herself, ant
10 a wheat
were - harvesting
to her,
drew up
an
for.
not particularly
ications
Led
Ast
qua
one of
been
to yer,
1
us
Chicago Women to Outlive Men.
It is enough to make the men of
Chicago tremble in their boots to hear
the amazing utterances of Health
Commissioner Evans, who says that
wealth and high living will shortly
kill them off. He gallantly remarks
that the women of the city are increas-
ing the length of their lives by living
the simple life. In the weekly official
health bulletin Evans says that in a
few centuries Chicago will be an
Adamless Eden. Dr. Evans draws his
conclusions from the death rate in
Chicago for twenty years, and par-
ticularly in the last seven months,
when three members of the stronger
gex died for every two of the fairer.
Dr. Evans says that in the seven
months of 1907 in Chicago about 12,000
men succumbed, as compared to 8000
women. He says that the cause for this
ig attributed to the strenuous life. Con-
tributory causes are the quick lunch,
constant exposure and carelessness.
“The men,” he says, “are living at a
rate that is 30 percent faster than that
of the worhen. They work harder.
They take less care of themselves than
of their wives and daughters. They
court danger. - They dissipate more.
They exhibit a carelessness begotten
of familiarity with danger.” The
‘remedy, so an eminent physician says,
lies in the return to the simple life of
our fathers.—New York Press.
Miss Sutton’s Victories.
Miss May Sutton, who won the All
BEngland lawn tennis championstip is
a Californian by birth and the young-
est of four sisters. One of them, Miss
Violet- Sutton, is also a flne lawn ten-
nis player, and paired together the
sisters won the Pacific Coast double
championship before the present All
Bngland champion was ever heard of
in the East. In 1904 Miss Sutton came
suddenly to the front and became
known as the most wonderiul woman
lawn tennis player who had ever been’
seen on American courts. In that
year she won, successively, the West-
ern, Middle States and national gour- |
naments. :
Wearing the laurels of her Ameri- |
can championship, Miss Sutton went
to England in 1905 and won the All
England championship from Miss Kate
Douglas, now Mrs. Chambers.
She went through the tournament
without losing a set and her record
of victories has seldom been equalled.
She won so easily, in fact, that ru-
mor sought to account for her suc-
ces with a report that the English
champion had wrenched her arm in
practising.
In 1906, however, Miss Douglass got
her revenge.
“She was too good for me,” Miss
Sutton said, on her return to America,
“and I simply had to give in.”
This year Miss Sutton proved far
and away too good for Miss Douglass,
or Mrs. Chambers, as she now is.
..She won the first set by 6 to 1 and
"the second by 6 to 4, proving herself
| superior
|
to teach |
girls to cook, serve meals and keep |
but to practice |
pudding, |
inviting |
wedding. at Whitburn-by- |
of Sunderland, |
| opportunities
more
There
| does nothing
{rule over
{into
i dreaming she ought to be working hard |
Land knowledge |
good OI- |
for of-|}
superinten- |
the man an- |
fat: lasty It
i week,
ja small
| the
to Mrs. Chambers in all
points except service. Miss Sutton
arrived in London on May 25, and a
[TBe_Paipir
whole series of victories led up to her |
final triumph at Wimbledon.
Miss Sutton’s successes are attrib-
uted to the agility of her movements,
| the quickness of her eye and her great
physical strength and powers of en
durance. She is usually stronger .in
the last set-of a match than in the first
ly by tiring her opponents out.—New
York Tribune.
Day Dreams.
There is no girl so prosaic that she
does not indulge in an occasional day
dream. Some girls waste far too much
time in rose colored clouds of imagina-
i tion.
Day dreams are all well enough in
their way: they lift us out of the com-
monplace, but to dwell continually in
their rosy mists is bad for us.
want to succeed we must. keep our
eyes open and make the best of such
as come our way.
We must ‘do neble things, not dream
them all day long.”
| Ira
| and she has won many victories mere- |
| longing.
AAS 2ENGES 2S nn
THE REV~
fra /- HENDERSON
Subject: The Church
ments,
and Amuse-
en
Brooklyn, N. Y.—Preaching at the
Irving Square Presbyterian Church,
Hamburg avenue and Weirfield
street, on the above theme, the Rev.
Wemmell Henderson, pastor,
took as his text 1 John 2:17, “The
world passeth away, and the lust
thereof; but he that doeth the will of
God abideth forever.” He said:
Happiness is a universal ‘human
The search for it is a world-
wide human characteristic. The
| longing of living souls for that which
! ministers to the satisfaction of the
| created us to be happy.
noblest and most lasting of human
needs and desires is natural. God
We were not
men did we not search for joy. Je-
{ hovah meant us to live in the pos-
| session and exercise of all that is
| peaceful and joyous and lovable.
{ to possess them.
; : :¢ wa | We do not use them.
This is a practical world, and if we |
What is the use |
of spending hours thinking how fine |
and noble you wouid like to te if you
don’t put your thoughts to some prac-
tical use An hour's “doing” is
than a week's “thinking.”
It is a fine thing to have high ambi-
| is natural. i
worth |
It
would be strange if we did not seek
We are foolish if
Not otherwise pleasure, or the sat-
isfaction of lesser human desires and
human needs, is a universal human
craving. As we long for those things
that are eternally and finally satis-
fying, so do we long for those things
that are of immediate and, of contem-
poraneous value. And this craving
The desire is divinely
granted. It is not strange that we
want pleasure.
But happiness and pleasure are not
| necessarily to be found in that (and
tions, but don't get them so high taat |
Youn can’t the day duties
that await you.
Many a giri @vends hours dreaming
the happy home she will queen it
future date. But she
toward fitting herself to
kingdom when she comes
forgets that instead
See
every
of
over at some
her
it. She
all -the useful
says Home Chat.
must not forget that
thing of all ‘is
good, and true,
gaining
she can,
the
that
and
And “she
most ir
she: shoul be
Sweet,
Matchrnaking.
and Gertrude are enga;j
will be announced next
flatter myself that I had
in bringing about the
happy event.” Thus spoke a matron
who takes a genuine and kindly inter-
est ‘in the welfare of the young men
and maidens of her acquaintance. *I
confess that to me there ig no more
absorbing ocupation than
ing,”
“Perey 2od
+h Oo
snare
don’t all admit it.
“I know it's usual to say that the
matchmaker is no longer needed, be-
cause the young woman of the period
‘does’ for herself, but even this enter-
prising individual is all the better for
a little help from an older and wiser
head. She very likely doesn’t know
she is being lifted over the hard plac-
tor her self-appointed assistant
works fore artisticaliy than she
formerly. The matchmaker of old
was a terror to the opposite sex, but
in spite of her drawbacks she gener-
ally brought her ships more success-
fully fnto port than those who are
supposed to do the steering now, when
they are really left to themselves.
“Matchmaking is by no
simple as it once was, for those who
engage in it now must manage two
sexes, instead of one. But a few dif-
ficulties will not keep women from
playing at their favorite game, and
the matchmaker still exists, although
her hand is less visible than of
She has been declared demode,
she has not been extinguished,
has merely adjusted herself to
times.”
es
yore.
but
she
the
Fashion Notes.
A new veil pin is of dull gold set
with a large amethyst. -
Employed with discretion, doted fa-
brics make charming gowns.
Somewhat heavier and rougher
goods will be fashionable this season.
There are many little separate outer
garments with the loose kimono
sleeve.
Capes, both long and short, and
ample, though simple in line, ace much
in evidence.
Bcotci cheviots of fancy design will
be much usen in the constewetion of
tailored gownw.
Plaited messaline riboon, edged
with Valenciennes lace, triths a neg-
ligee of pastel blue peau d2 crepe.
Suits are malaly made w!th short,
loose coats of short hip length or half
length and with half fitted or
LACKS.
loose
The net coats lined with tinted silks
or entirely unlined are among the at-
tractive possibilities of even small
wardrobes.
The oblong check is a decided novel-
ty in design, being generaily three-
quarters of an inch long, with a com-
' bination of three colors.
we shall deliberately circumscribe
the application of the word) which
we call amusement. Happiness may
| be far from the heart that is amused.
Many a soul that is
with sorrow
seared and heavy
has been amused. But
| amusement brings such soul no abid-
Of |
| may
[| amusement.
iat the
{ tion.
{ cern of the sonl.
| serve happiness.
ing joy and
solace to heal
ministers no balm of
their wounds: Pleas-
ure is not amusement. For a man
find much pleasure outside of
that which in the common use and
acceptation of the term is called
Happiness -is a matter,
base, of ‘subjective satistac-
Happiness is centrally a con-
Pleasure may con-
Jut a man may be
well pleased and not be happy.
yeli
| A man may be amused and find pleas-
jure
in the amusenient. But a man
| may be superlatively unhappy though
I his
i through the power of
matchmalk- |
she went on, “and I believe most |
women share my taste, although they j conprience;
| truth, dependent
siniles
amusement.
For amusement is a diversion, a
dissipation, an indication of inward
discontent. Happiness indicates con-
tentment.: The desire to be amused
is very nearly always an indication
of the incapacity of a man to achieve
happiness!
The church expresses happiness in
the terms of eternity, of divinity, of
The happiness of man
is, in the mind of the Church of
Jesus Christ and in the light of His
upon its perdura-
bility, its divineness, upon the clarity
of the conscience of the man who
possesses it. In the conception of
the church happiness is eternal, it is
the gift of God and a force that
propels man nearer to God; it can-
not be enjoyed except the conscience
face may be forced to
| of men are void of the consciousness
| of their unworthiness before God. A
did |
man is not really happy unless his
i soul is satisfied in an eternal fashion,
unless he has the joy and peace that
are the gift of God unto those who
| love Him and who keep His command-
ments as his innermost possession,
unless his mind and heart are certi-
| fied of his personal acceptability be-
i fore God.
means SO |
The church expresses righteous
and worthy pleasure in the terms of
the conservation of that which is
eternal, the promotion of that which
is divine, the satisfaction of duty.
Any pleasure that does not augment
happiness is unworthy. That is to
say, that if our pleasures militate
against our growth in that which is
eternal and divine, if they dull our
consciousness of the imperatives of
the Almighty that are law and life
to the human soul, they are unright-
| eous.
i ments by these same standards.
Now, the Church measures amuse-
She
asks us what our amusements do to
| afford us a larger vision of the eter-
| nities,
to increase our certainty of
i the reality and of our self-possession
| relationships with God.
of divinity, to draw us into correct
By these
standards we have a right to meas-
ure our amusements and by these
{ Judgments they must stand or fall.
{| remain steadfast and they will. .
If they can meet these tests they may
If
| they cannot be justified by them or
squared to them they will fall and
they ought to. For life is short.
Time advances. Opportunities come
and go. There is much to be done.
We must do it. We have little time
to waste. Our efforts must tend, be
they little or momentous, to the en-
largement of humanity’s comprehen-
sion of those things that are eternal
and divine. If happiness lies in the
achievement of these graces we have
stipulated then we ought to be about
the Master's business.
No country in the world needs the
| white light of publicity and philos-
| ophy and of uncommon sense to glare
| upon
its amusements more than
America. For we are amusement
crazy. Our catch-penny, tinseled,
gaudy summer. places of amusement
are evidence of our amusement fever.
Our theatres are jammed with peo-
ple who want not to be compelled to
' think or to be brought face to face
How easy it is to Keep on wearing |
same old ties in our low shoes
when new ones would make us and
the shoes, too, look :0 much. nicer.
The revival of satin duchesse in a
more supple form, of faille and other
rep silks, in monotone effects, will
make for a greater distribution of
silks.’
Of all the colored silk coats those
in some tone of purple, with hats
wreathed with flowers to match them
in shade, are the most popular. The
morningdglory is the first favorite.
Next come the hydrangeas and violets.
! wholly superficial.
t spirit.
with reproductions of real life in
miniature. They go largely to be
amused. Our amusements are almost
They minister to
the needs of the mind that is mo-
mentarily surfeited, to the jaded
They are strictly temporal.
| ‘They are very nearly always inex-
| pressibly cheap and tawdry when we
{| unrelated to duty.
sift them to the bottom. They are
For they are
primarily intended to aid us to forget
duty.
Of our multitude
we shall consider four: the card
table, the dance, the theatre, the
racetrack. And they are taken for
consideration, not because they are
per #r av#, int Biemuse Va2y have
of amusements
become perverted, because they are
the means of entertainment for the
mighty majority of our population,
because there is wide difference of
opinion as to their morality and
propriety in the hands of Christian
men and women or of anybody else
to-day and under present social con-
ditions.
It is scarcely necessary for me to
say that a pack of cards in itself is
not evil. It is far from my purpose
to insinuate that either the dance,
the theatre or the race is, under
proper and normal conditions, wick-
ed. They become so, however, when
men control them. It is far from
my intention to assert that these
forms of amusement are incapable of
proper use and that the host of moral,
well-meaning Christian people who
indulge in them ate not perfectly sin-
cere. I -have seen card games that
were harmless, and horse-races that
were above reproach, and theatrical
performances that, with a little ref-
ormation, could have been immacu-
late, and dances in which it was per-
fectly safe for young men and women
to glide through''the mazes of the
waltz. But on the other hand, I am
painfully conscious that I became
disgusted with cards because of the
profanity, the unbridled vulgarity,
the total incapacity for self-control,
the trickery, the dishonesty, of those
who played the game. The question-
ableness of most of the performances
upon the American stage make it
necessary for even a grown man who
possesses any remnants of self-re-
spect to secure a theatrical Baedeker
before he attempts to go to see a
show. I have seen so many pure,
gentle, lovely girls (not in dance-
halls, but at the dances of approved
and conventional society of the best
type) locked’ in the embraces of lech-
erous, villainous men whom they
would ‘not allow within a yard of
them in the seclusion and privacy of
their own parlors, that I have passed
from wonder to disgust. Any one
who has ever taken a good, honest,
long look at the class of men who fre-
quent the racetracks of a metropoli-
tan distriet will be convinced, if he
never was before, that the average
of the devotees of the turf go to the
track least of all to see the ‘ponies
run.” If gambling was disallowed by
law at the tracks half the racing as-
sociations of the country would go
out of business.
---All:these amusements are supplied
in some measure by church people.
All of them: have been so perverted
that they have become stumbling
blocks to human souls. For they
have led many a man over the brink
of wretchedness into the depths of
despair. And these men have not
infrequently fallen into the meshes
of iniquity because of the ostensibly
harmless pastimes of Christian men
and women.
As an obsession it is paltry for me
to say that they are wholly evil. For
we are agreed that when they are al-
lowed to dominate a life they are of
the devil. The question is, shall the
Church sanction them or shall she
ban them?
Let us look them over one by one.
When did a game of cards minister
to the enlargement of our conscious-
ness of that which is divine and eter-
nal? Or when did it increase our
sense of responsibility to the world or
God? Or when did the theatre or the
dance or the race? Seachingly,
honestly!
The truth is that the more we are
aware of divinity and eternity, the
more exalted our conception of the
demands of conscience, the less we
need these things and have time for
them. We find our happiness else-
where; we secure our pleasure
through unquestionable channels.
We neither care nor need to be
amused. When I know that amuse-
ments are stultifying the spiritual
efficiency of the people of God, when
I see the flagrant perversions of the
amusements of the day that exist,
then I am persuaded that the fathers
were right to condemn these things
with no uncertain sound. And I am
further convinced that it is not only
the duty of the Church to denounce
them, but also to transform and
purify them. I am certain that it is
our duty to divert the energies of
the multitude from following their
cheap amusements to the service of
Almighty God.
The Better Part.
The Christian is always the
“stronger man,” because at the bot-
tom of human nature there are cer-
tain points that every honest, unsaved
man must yield. He must admit that
“whosoever drinketh this water shall
thirst again.” Material things can-
not satisfy man. The famous builder
of Pullman cars had a brother who
was a minister, the Rev. James Pull-
man, D. D. ‘The carbuilder wanted
his brother to forsake the ministry
and get rich. But before the close of
his life the millionaire visited his
brother. “James,” he said, “you have
chosen the better part.”—Home Her-
ald.
The Ideal is Attainable.
It is ours to keep on trying to do
God’s will perfectly. Alone, we cer-
tainly never can. How far towards
the golden goal He will sweep on our
consecrated endeavors we may never
know. We cannot limit God. ‘All
things are possible to him that be-
lieveth.’”” The ideal is no mirage,
no tantalizing illusion, no fatuous
‘““will-o’-the-wisp.”” It is attainable;
else it would not be an ideal at all.
God’s Son once reached it. Some day
He may permit other sons to climb
the sunlit heights.—Herbert N. Be-
vier.
Every Day With God.
He who never connects God with
his daily life knows nothing of the
spiritual meaning and the uses of
life; nothing of the calm, strong pa-
tience with which ills may be en-
dured; of the gentle comfort which
the Father's love can comfort; of tha
blessed rest to be realized in His for«
giving love, His tender Fatherhood;
of the deep, peaceful sense of the in-
finite One ever near, a refuge and a
strength.—Canon Farrar.
We Shall Receive Strength.
It is a great deal easier to do that
which God gives us to do, no matter
how hard it is, than to face the re-
sponsibility of not doing it. We have
abundant assurance that we shall re-
ceive all the strength we need to per-
form any duty God allots to us.—J.
R. Miller.
How Silage Affects Milk.
Prof. Farrington, of Wisconsin, says
silage odors do not pass through the
cow's system into her milk, but are
absorbed by the milk as it is drawn
from the cow. When this is prevented
by careful feeding and ordinary venti-
lation, there will be no obpectionable
taste to the milk.
Experiment in Pigs.
It is stated that the Michigan Agri-
cultural college as an experiment fed
some pigs a cros between the Berk-
shire and Tamworth which made great
gains. Four of the litter were fed a
balanced ration made up of 382 pounds
of wheat middlings and 682 pounds of
corn meal, mixed with water, and it
cost $3.62 to make an increase of 100
pounds in weight. Five pigs of the
same little were fed corn meal mixed
with water and it cost $6.07 to make
an increase of 100 pounds in weight.
The chief feature of this feeding was
that the food was about a balanced
ration.
Best Remedy for San Jose Scale.
The following is considered the best
spray or wash for San Jose Scale,
peach worm, as well as for certain
fungi, particularly the curl leaf of the
peach. It is also very efficient in soft-
ening and smoothing up old, rough
bark. The formula most extensively
used, is pounds of lime, twenty
pounds of sulphur and fifteen pounds
of salt, with enough water to make
sixty gallons. The sulphur, about one-
third of the water and a quarter of the
lime are boiled together for an hour
and a half cr hous. The salt
and the remainder of the lime, after
slaking, arc mixed separately and fi-
nally added to the lime-sulphur mix-
ture, and the whole boiled another
half hour.
ful straining
the nozzle. |t
and in
ness.
forty
two
clogging
applied
tO preveit in
dhould La
quantity.— Weekly
hot
Wit-
£00d
Apples Immune to Disease.
“A prominent factor in this busi-
ness of apple growing and one which
fruit growers have not taken note of
in the past,” says Professor Herrick,
“is that some varieties are practical-
ly immune to certain diseases. For
instance, the Ben Davis, Duchess, Yel-
low Transparent, and Yellow Newton
are not seriously affected by the scab.
The Russet, Northern Spy, and Rome
Beauty are practically immune to the
ravages of the San Jose scale; while
Northern Spy, Fall Pippin, and Rome
Beauty are not injured by the Bor-
deaux mixture. The spray for scab
and codling moth should be Bordeaux
mixture and an arsenite and applied
before the blossoms open, and again
after the blossoms drop two weeks
later, and from the present indications
it would seem that we must apply the
third spray the last of July or the first
of August for the codling moth.”
Damages by Deer.
The “following curious bit of infor-
mation is from the New England
Farmer: “The damage which is be-
ing done in Williamstown, Mass. by
deer to farmers’ crops is becoming a
serious mater, three cases, aggregating
a damage of 118, having been report-
ed within a few days. One was by
A. M. Stevens, a gardener, who lost
2500 cabbage plants, and another was
by John Belterman, who lost 1500 hills
of early beans. In both cases a board
of appraisers placed the damage at $50
each. Dwight Cronk was allowed $13
for damage done to a field of oats by
deer tramping the grain. Br. Belter-
man says that the woods above his
farm are apparently filled with deer,
as he has seen as many as 15 in a
herd in his meadows. The animals
are very tame, an dsome of the patches
of beans which they destroyed were
withth a short distance of the house.”
Trees For Waste Land.
The time is not so far distant as the
average man imagines when the in-
creased price of lumber will make
necessary the planting of trees even in
good agricultural land. The price cf
timber lands is doubling every few
years. . Col. Wm. 8S. Harvey, presi-
dent of the Philadelphia Commercial
Museums, and old-time lumberman,
who has been working for the passage
by Congress of the Appalchian Forest
Reserve bill, says that within the past
six years lands in the southern Appa-
lachian timber regions have increased
from $5 or $6 an acre to $15 and $20.
Even at $20, and in spite of the fact
that transportation is poor, this land
is considered a ‘‘good buy.”
But the man who gets it now and
plants to trees any waste land is the
man who will have a bank account all
right when his forests begins to yield.
It takes 40 or 50 years to grow big
logs; but it takes only 12, 15 or 16
years to grow fence posts, railroad
ties and telephone poles, and the pric-
es for these are increasing by leaps
and bounds.
Cream Separation.
- What is the latest and best method
of cream separating? I notice some pa-
pers referring to the dilution way, but
I doubt this way of mixing milk with
water to separate it. D. W. George.
We cannot do better for our cor-
respondent than summarizing the last
Purdue University bulletin on this
subject as follows:
from
| the
I'he mixture requires care- |
1. The use of the hand separator
in the place of the gravity systems of
_creaming, will effect a saving of $3.50
to $7 worth of butterfat from one cow
in one year.
With the hand separator, a richer
cream and a beter quality of cream
and skim milk can be produced: than
with the grayity systems. sero
_ 2. Of the gravity methods the deep
setting system is the least objection-
able. [It produces a more complete
separation and a better quality of
cream than either the shallow pan or
the water dilution systems.
3.” Any neglect to thoroughly clean
the separator after each separation
reduces the skimming efficiency of
the machine and lowers the quality of
the cream and buter produced. Wash
the separator after each separation.
4. A trembling machine, insufficient
speed, sour, curdled, slimy, or cold
milk, and over-feeding the separator
caused a loss of butterfat in the skim
milk amounting to from 8 to 12 pounds
of butter per cow in one year,
5. Other things being equal, high
speed and a small wie of inflow tend
to produce a thick cream. In sufficient
speed, a trembling machine and a large
rate of inflow result in a thin-
ner cream.—Indiana Farmer.
Crops Draw Their Supply of Water?
We have from time to time called
the attention of our readers to the
fact that ordinarily we do not have
sufficient raintall even in the humid
sections, during the crop growing sea-
son, to produce a full crop. = Some
experiments conducted by the Ontario
Agricultural College throw consider-
able light on the question as to what
proportion of moisture crops draw
the rain that falls throughout
crop growing season or what from
store of water below. In fact /itds
peint-on which hangs the whole
stion- of cultivation.
The station last took a
ber of four-gallcn crocks and set them
outside, where they would receive all
the rain that fell during the growing
season. They then sowed them to
wheat, peas, barley, and oats,” and
watered them whenever it seemed to
he necessary. The one that contained
wheat used 22.60 inches of water, of
which but 10.51 inches fell during the
growing season, The peas used 27.38
inches, .of which 12.50 inches fell dur-
ing the season of their growth. The
barley used 18.52 inches and the oats
12.15 inches while during the
of their growth but 7.19 inches of rain.
fell. In other words, wheat required
2.15 times as much rain as fell during
its - growing season, peas 2.19 times,
barley 2.25 times and oats 2.57 times.
These crocks were at first set on
the roof: then one-fourth of them were
set on the ground, and another one-
fourth in the ground. The result
was that there was no difference be-
tween the amount used by those set
in it; but these required water
than those that were set on the exposed
roof. During this season there wus
at no time a rainfall of as much as two
inches.
It was discovered that the plants
began to wilt while the soil contained
by: actual test 7.3 percent of water;
that a rain of 1.25 inches would satu-
rate the soil 4.5 inches, but as part
of this was carried down, it would
moisten it to a depth of 8 or 10 inches.
It was found still further, that a sat-
urated loam contained from 30 to 35
percent of water. This was in 1905.
The year 1906 was wet, and it was dis-
covered that in a wet season the crops
used about 50 percent more rain than
actually fell, and hence drew one-
third of their water from below.
All this shows the importance,
pecially in a dry season, of thorough
and early cultivation of the soil, thus
forming a mulch of loose dirt and sav-
ing the water below for an emergency,
which is quite certain to occur at
some periol of even a wet season.
We call the attention of our readers
to this matter because we have become
more convinced with increased years
and experience that the physical condi
tion of the soil and the methods of
putting it in this condition are of a
great deal more importance:to the av-
erage farmer than the question of the
fertility itself, Maintenance of fer-
tility is of very great importance; but
no mater how fertile the soil, unless
it can be put in such physical condi-
tion as it will permit full development
of the roots of the plant and conserve
moisture for use in a dry time, a good
crop cannot in the nature of things
be expected.—Wallace's Farmer.
the
avita
que
year num
seasoIl
less
es-
Things Under Lock And Key.
“Those are diaries,” said the smith,
“that I am going to put locks and
keys on. They belong to a rich old
maid. She fills two volumes of that
size annually, and along in Novem-
ber the two volumes for the coming
year are sent to me. [ have made all
her diaries lock fast since ’'82.
“That cedarwood chest is a cigar
box. It holds a thousand cigars. 1
am going to put a lock on it for a
clubman. He mistrusts his valet.
“lI have put locks on tea caddies,
on cosmetic boxes, on whiskey flasks,
on roulette wheels, on Bibles."—
Louisville Courier-Journal.
The gross earnings of the Tokio
street railways are from $6,000 to $%.-
000 a day, and will probably reach $10,-
000 a day when the flower season com-
raences.