cra i) 3. = 01- )S= 1d ne he il- T= Si- pt C= or v- tie BS of 1t- 2 11 E y- 1€ 1y et v i cd A SERMON FOR SUNDAY A DISCOURSE ENTITLED “ ULTIMATE AMERICA.”, . A Patriotic Address by the Rev. J. Alexan- der Jenkins, Pastor of Immanuel Con- gregational Church—This Country the Spiritual Teacher of the Nations, BrooxkLyY~, N. Y.—In Temple Israel the lev. J. Alexander Jenkins, pastor of Im- manuel Congregational Church, delivered an address to a large audience on ‘“‘Ulti- mate America, the Spiritual Teacher of the Nations.” He said among other things: . It is a commonplace of the newer think- ing that the evolutionary process culmin- ates in the soul of mam, the whole mighty movement being satisfactorily explained, according to tue thinking of the theistic evolutionist, when matter endowed with life and perfected through countless gener- ations, has at last given to the mind of the human being the instrument for the ele- mentary exercises of its endless life. The struggles of theagesare justified in the soul. The student of ‘history is perplexed as he hears the groanings and witnesses the tra- vailings of the nations through the centur- ies, and his natural and legitimate query, as he beholds the rise and fall of nations, is, Where lies the goal of the peoples and what justifies the toils and agonies of the race? The answer to this inevitable ques- tion is this: Almighty God is leading the nations toward thie goal of the highest life, and the struggles of the ages find justifica- tion in the birth of the world-soul. And if the fact that God breathed into man’s nos- trils the breath of life, so that he became a living soul is sufficient recompense for the bloody brute battles of the world’s gray dawn, the thought that He will breathe a soul into the nations should like- wise be deemed ample compensation for the gropings and grapplings of the aspir- ants for national permanency and suprem- acy. The American colonists were not the first men to fight for independence, but the motives that produced the Declaration of Independence made their fight epoch marking no other fight had ever been. Other nations had given up slavery, but no nation was ever before called upon to furnish so awful a proof of sincerity of motive in striking the’ shackles from the limbs of the enslaved. Other nations have had to deal with the problem of undesir- able aliens, but no nation ever felt as feels America the imperativeness of a course of action based upon righteousness and jus- tice. Other nations have seized the terri- tory of the weak and helpless, but none has felt such deep, unselfish solicitude for a dependent people as has characterized our country in her dealings with a primi. tive people committed to her care as the outcome of her intervention in the inter- ests of humanity. Other nations have had to effect adjustments between employer and employe, but no nation has ever been «called upon to cfiect such an adjustment when the conditions presented revealed so clearly the fact that a great principle of universal importance is involved. The set- tlement of the “labor problem” in demo- cratic America means the setlement for the world, for here the employer of the high- est type meets the worker of the highest type, and the final result will be in keep- ing with the character of the contestants. »o we are learning the lesson of deliber- ateness; and one of the most promising signs of the times is the tendency to deal with great questions cautiously and calmly. The result of this course will be that what the new America settles will stay settled. She will settle, and that for all time, the question of the rights of inferior peoples, the question as to the character of the edu- cation most to be desired, the question of the relation of employer to employed. America is to-day solving the accumulated problems of the ages. And God is willing that she should have time to complete her task. In view of what has been said, it will strike us as a fact of solemn import that our country is preparing for her yet larger service through the slow, constant develop- ment of- her religious consciousness. The existence and wrowth of this consciousness the superficial observer of our life and in- stitutions nright feel inclined to deny. Nevertheless, we are convinced that this most necessary condition for present and future leadership exists. here shall we seek for this religious gonsciousness? Shall we look for it in the institutions set apart as avowedly relig- ious? No mean has the right to scoff at or- ganized religion. Our schools, our churches, our synagogues are, on the whole, true to their mission. But the truly effective re- ligious consciousness must be found in other places as well—in the editorial sanc- tum, in the political gathering, in the mart and the busy street. Let us find this con- sciousness in these places, no matter what its form, and we shall have as good a guar- antee of the divine favor as though we had gazed upon overflowing houses of worship and listened to the eloquence of the elect. The religious spirit which makes for Amer- ican pre-eminence may be discerned in many phases of the national life, but it is strikingly evident in the new press, the new poiitics and the new social ideal. There are many, doubtless, who would not concede that the press of the country fur- nishes i f growing national an evidence of righteousness, but the fact remains, that in the newspapers of our land there is a dis- tinct trend toward righteousness and god- liness. The truthfulness and force of our pres- ent contention will seem to maddy hard to reconcile with the well-known fact that in the United States the avowedly religious journals are steadily losing ground. But even this fact, rightly interpreted, is not an evidence of natioral decay. The relig- ious papers of to-day have a choice between degeneration and evolution. The signs of degeneration are stubborn adherence to de- nominational shibboleths, fierce champion- ship of ‘exhausted dogmas and growing im- patience with progressive interpretation of truth. The signs of evolution are the throwing overboard of useless issues, and the adoption of the leading features of the great ‘‘secular” papers. The great relig- ious papers of the country to-day are such in name only. Were the contents of one of these papers rearranged and printed in newspaper form it would pass as a news- paper, minus the newspaper's up-to-date freshness. In the secular press, on the other hand, there is steady progress and increasing vitality. The moral tone of the American people is reflected in the new journalism, and the fact that the citizens of the republic desire righteousness is pat- ent to all who seek the underlying motives of journalistic enterprise of the highest type. And this. fact is most significant when we remember that these great agen- cies of publicity, free discussion and edu- cation have a direct bearing upon the shap- ing of the ideals of the inflowing millions of our population. The spirit of the Americ journalism is communicated to the Americanized representatives of these foreign peopies, ey in turn give it to their depend vs through the col- umns of their publications. We have no right to assume that p s published in foreign tongues stand for Old World an- archy; we should her, heartily con- cede thé fact that these journals, printed 1 in Italian, Ge n. Hebrew, Welsh and other langu: ute a great mis- sionary agency f{ Americani fact th foundation work n. Indeed, the n the making loot and graft. encouragement to faraway nations lying ia darkness and distress. . en we come to speak of the new American politics we invite the ridicule of those who see in American politics at its best only a crude “shirt-sleeve diplomacy,” and at its worst a contemptible system ot 1 And the self-satisfied crit- ics of our political life ignore their own in- consistency in that they expect a govern- ment which they take pains to tell us is “only an experiment” to run with the sthoothness of an old governmental ma- chine. The man who is content to live in a primitive cabin, subject to the limitations of a semi-barbaric life, may have trancuil- ity and peace of a certain kind, but he should be the last person to scoff at the man who is battling against heavy odds for better and more adequate accommoda- tions. As a nation we are building the better house. We nave found that it costs labor and blood to secure the site for our edifice, that our material, eut from the forests of the Old World, is rough and un- seasoned; that sometimes our workers fail to enter unselfishly into the spirit of the enterfrise. We at times discover, too, that we have not followed correctly the plan of the great architect, and then it becomes necessary for us to humble ourselves by tearing down part of the structure. But, after all, the building grows, and its pro- portions already begin to challenge the ad- miration of the world. The critic, as he sits at the cabin door of monarchy or arig- tocracy, begins with vague alarm to cod- tast the cracked and crumbling walls and the leaking thatch of his abode with the rising mansion in the distance. The nation’s social ideal makes inexor- able demands upon every citizen of the re- public. The world of to-day marvels at the matchless benefactions of our men of wealth, and the nations are asking why it is that this unprecedented philanthropy is so peculiarly American. It is due to the imperative claims of our social ideal. Pub- lic sentiment demands, and men of wealth recognize the demand as just, that private wealth should be spent for the good of the nation and for the good of the race. The educator feels the same pressure. He hears the voice of the people summoning him to a free search for truth. The true labor leader recognizes the same stern call to ser- vice; so he becomes a mediator, an arbi- trator between two great forces. The old story in the good Book tells us that a Pabel a mighty calamity befell the race— that there the speech of mankind became confused. In thisland of ours Babel is re- versed. The nations are here assembled to build the greater tower of truth, and the confusion of the Babel tongues gives place little by little to a new language, the language of love, spoken by the toiling millions, so- that in a sweeter, grander sense than ver before it is to be true that the whole earth shall be “of one language and of one speech.” Thales of old, with so shadowy a con- ception of God that we know not whether to classify him as atheist or as theist, yet strangely conceived of deity as creating the great world temple and so possessing it as to reveal in its every part the pres- ence of the Creator. The world of our time may seem strangely indifferent to that presence of God which the seers of the race feel to he the most tremendous fact of life. But the world will not remain forever content with mere things. The {ime is to come when the nations must feel the Divine Presence. When that time comes the ery of the peoples will be, “Wherewith shall we come before the Tord?’ God grant that in that solemn day of the world's supreme need it may be granted unto us as the teacher of the na- tions to shout the great reply: “He hath showed you, O nations, what is good; and what doth the Lord require of you hut te do justly, and tq Jove mercy, and to walk humbly with your God.” a physician is called to a case of severe illness, the first thing that he estimates is the resisting power of the pa- tient. The chances for his recovery are in proportion to his vitality. If there be little of that at the outset there is small hope of overcoming the disease. The re- sisting power of persons in full health is such that in an epidemic they throw off the disease germs that prostrate others. One cannot always tell from appearances just how much ability one has to withstand the inroads of a malady. Some who ap- parently are robust almost immediately succumb, while others who look frail re- cover from violent attacks. Of course, dis- sipation. unhygienic living, unhealthful surroundings sap one’s resisting power, sO that when a virulent ailment makes an attack one has strength insufficient to fight it off. You see that it is not so mueh the ma- licnancy of the disease as it is the vital itv of the man that determines the re- sult. Just so it is also in the moral world. There are some persons living lives so up- right, so spiritually healthy, that they ave practically immune from temptation. And when they are overcowe, they soon dis- cover themselves, for their power of resis- tance is great. On the other hand, there ate those who after succumbing to one temptation are completely swept away by the power of evil. How can that be ac- counted for? Obviously in the same way that the ability to resist physical disease is to be explained. There has been un- wholesome moral living; the mind has been permitted to become familiar with evil thoughts; the soul has breathed in miasma and corruption until one has no ability to put away temptation. So A this suggests the need of resisting power both against disease and against sin. A pure, clean, wholesome life, physi- cal and moral, will make one secure against any harm that either can do. ae Always at Our Side. Mrs. Lucy Rider Meyer, the well-known deaconess and writer, says: “A busy woman entered her own room as twilight shades were falling—went di- rectly to her desk. turned on the gas, and began to write. Page after page she wrote. The solitude became oppressive. dhe wheeled her chair around and with a shock of joyful surprise looked squarely into the face of her dearest friend, lying on the lounge at her side. “Why, I didn’t know vou were here!” she cried. “Why didn’t vou speak to me?’ ‘Because you were $0 busy. You didn’t speak to me.” So with Jesns—here all the time. The room is full of ‘Him, always ready to greet us with a smile—but we are so busy. But when the solitude grows oppressive we suddenly turn, and lo, He is at our side. We speak to Him and He speaks to us, and the soul's deepest yearnings are satisfied.” Men Wanted. There is nothing we are so much in need of in our city and country as holy men. When we think of the “epidemic of crime” that alarms us, the social depravity that the commercial shonesty [9 disgusts us, that startles us, we wonder if with our opulence in material resources and our spread of educational advantages, we are srowing men, true men, as we ought.— = 1: 3.3 Rev. John Thompson, Methodist, Chicago, ll. Joy That Helps. Christian joy is an experience of great depth and solemnity. It never overlooks the sadness and ster: fe; i is shallow or unreflectin it is re- strained, tender, sympatheti We know it when we any whom we Campbell. iove, Be at Your Best Always. ee and me in will comes to le things equal’ br y. Bd the occasion Dignify the a Sweet---Biit It Dies Dy Winifred Hall IOUTH is the period: of enthusiasm, and, however cynical one may be, none can deny that there is unutterable sweetness in tiie dream of first love: ! i Yet first love is. rarely of the fiber which endures; sweetness is in itself an‘element of decay. ———— The “dew of youth” cannot last, and under the full glare of noonday all things wear a different aspect from that when seen under the rosy light of early morn. z A Boy-and-girl love may be passionate and absorbing, but its staying power is not to be relied oft. ) : Of course, there are some cases where the first inclination of a boy and girl becomes the lasting attachment of the man and woman, where the fresh love of two young hearts grows with their growth, and strengthens with their Love's Young Dream is: its very strength; but such instances are exceptional. The danger of falling in love at an early age lies in immaturity and, inex- perience. Youthful inamination invests the object of its fancy with all the virtues, lives in an artificial atmosphere of sentimentality and romance. In the vast majority of cases first love between boy and girl is not love at all; it is simply the attraction felt by dawning womanhood and young man- hood for the other sex; the real or fancied need of loving and being loved, which comes to most of us in the {ransition stage of carly youth. The dangers of first love are greater to a girl than they are to a youth. Separate any girl of seventeen from her lover, whom she regards as abso- lutely necessary to her happiness and peace of mind, and ten years later bring the two together once more. Almost invariably the first sensation of the woman will be a rush of self- contempt, her predominating idea, “How could I have been such a little fool?” During the unsettled period of life known as the early teens, when, physi cally, mentally and morally, the boy and girl are being moulded into shape. courtship usually has the charm of forbidden fruit. : The girl is supposed to know nothing about love, although her mother’s own experience might well have taught her to the contrary. The boy is expected to be too much eccupied with his studies, or too much cngrossed with athletics, to spare time or thought for the girls. Still, every schoolteacher will bear testimony to the fact that love-making interferes with book-learning and begins even in the kindergarten. A boy of eighteen or twenty often falls violently in love with a. woman much his senior. The effect of such a passion, for good or evil, upon his future depends wholly upon the kind of woman she is. : If the fresh and beautiful first love of a boy's heart is poured out to a vain, unscrupulous woman, his ideals will all be lowered, his faith in womanly truth and goodness shattered, and his own peace of mind bartered for a fevered, restless intoxication which leaves the dregs of bitterness behind it. Woe to Lim if he marries her! . + A boy’s sincere and earnest love for a sound-hearted, wholesomeiy-minded woman- may be the making of him. She will do him good. He may even marry her with safety, although he were wiser not to do so. The best ending for such an attachment is to cool down into a true and tender friendship, which will thereafter be among the good influences of the man’s life. oy To scoff at and ridicule young love may do great harm. Deaspite its imma turity, it is usually pure and honest. . Many young girls are unconsciously cruel when they begin ‘to realize their own power. gver those of the opposite sex, and the sight of the victim's suffer ing, whether expressed in sighs or sulks, by temper or by tears, only appears to them as an excellent joke, . : Certain it is that first love, either in man or woman, seldom endures throuch the storms whieh we meet, and which so often overtake us in our voyage through life, but at least it has the merit of since rity. Therefore, it should be treated with respect. LZ = << “Dream of the Navigator” By George Ethelbert Walsh HIS great “dream of the navigator” is almost as old as the dis- Pp covery of America. It was when the conviction spread abroad in Europe, that Columbus had only discovered a new conti- nent, and not a new western passage to the wealth of the Indies, that men of travel and science began to think of open- ing a navigable channel from the Atlantic to the Pacific. As early as 1581 a survey was made to see if North and South America could not be cut in two. Captain Antonio Pereira, Governor of Costa Rica, explored a route by way of the San Juan River, the lake of the same name, and the rivers which empty into the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica. This early survey was the first actual beginning of the story of Panama, which now promises to reach a conclusion within the next ten years. Diego de Mercado, about thirty-nine years later, made a sur- vey of the Nicaragua route, and recommended to King Philip of Spain the construction of an interoceanic canal along the lines described by him. From that time to the year when the French company, under the famous French en- gineer Ferdinand de Lesseps, essayed to cut the Isthmus of Panama in two, the Nicaragua and Panama routes have been periodically surveyed and resur- veyed. until probably no other out-of-the-way corner of the earth has received Lalf as much examination and geographical attention.—St. Nicholas. 2 AW Vg The Patriotism of Ants By H. C. McCook ANY times and in many ways the devotion of ‘ants to their com- rade has been tested. The rule is well-nigh invariable of instant and absolute self-abnegation, and surrender of personal ease and appetite, life and limb to the public welfare. The posting of sentinels at gateways is customary, and they are apt to know first the approach of danger. With heads and quivering antennae protruded from the opening these city watch- men not only dispatch within the news of threatening danger, but rush out with utter abandon to face the foe. With ants patriotism is not “second nature.” It is instinctive, inborn, scemingly as strong in the callow antling as in the veteran brave. It must be confessed, however, that it is rigidly exclusive. Racial eathol- icity is not an emmetorian virtue. Ants are without that elastic hospitality which embraces and assimilates all foreigners. Iven the slave makers Lold their domestic auxiliaries strictly distinct. It may be due to overmastering patriotism that one fails to discover indgi- vidual benevolence in ants. Friendships and personal affection in the limited and specialized sense familiar among domestic animals L And thus it is with other social insects.—Harper’'s L& = Crime and Poverty Can Be Eliminated By J. G. Phelps Stekes meme 1 is a common thing for people to look on sickness, poverty and crime, lamentable as they are, as unavoidable. I beliove, on the other hand, that there is sufficient evidence to say that these calamities are avoidable, and that it is possible to find and eliminate the causes, just as the causes of illness are traced and destroyed by physicians. Poverty is largely due to sickness. There is not only the avoidable suffering and death, but a colossal loss to the com- munity through- ravaging diseases, the causes of which are well known, and the remedies certa I don’t like to use the term, becau it is often abused, but among the contributing causes is “the starvation wage.” Together with this are the hours of work, exhausting strength, the strength of the individual. - There is a disposition to regard the erimi essary part of an imperfect civilization. become a good citizen. In convicted men and women system that is being widely i age is lessened to twenty per ¢ the boys are not hud and thoughts. This are as yet unknown. 7 Se excessive as irretrievable and as a nee- He can be taught to avoid prison and the old days from seventy to eighty per cent, of ned to their former lives. Under d other countries, the | prison the first offend inals to learn their r lived up to 1 1} i Tl » school SYS to 3 far the reform | MARRYING FOR A HOME. Home is a woman's real sphere of usefulness, however much conditions and necessities have forced her into other and more extended omnes. No true woman is indifferent to home and all that it means to herself and others. The more truly womanly rhe is, the more she appreciates and values it. But to marry for the home’s sake is like buying a picture for its frame, or valuing the binding of the book above the book itself. No one can make the home a more important thing in married life than the man one marries, and in no possi- ble case can the home satisfy one if the husband fails. Love for the man one marries will make a home of an attic, or the weath- er side of a hedge row. But married life, where the home comes first and the husband second. or a bad third, is a hideous travesty of what it was meant to be, and it can never draw anything but a blank in the marriage lottery. fhe girl who marries for a home has provided herself for the best of her days with a cage, which she must halve with another being. Both are oblivious of the real rea- sons for marriage, the highest and the best. Both put the Lome before the maker of it, ‘and that leads to sure disappoint- ment and failure in the ends ’ Marriage can hardly be a lottery in the case of these people. ’ One could tell them so confidently beforehand that it will (never draw anything in their case but a dreary blank. } NOT AN EMPTY FORM, The man or woman who is frequent- fy heard to rail against social etiquette may safely be put down as one who is habitually unkind and inconsiderate. The established forms are far from being the shallow and superfluous regulations that such people wonld have us believe them, Etiquette is the aesthetic expres- sion of certain foundation principles necessary in orderly character build- ing. Without a break of link missing the more rational and genteel forms of social usage will be found to gradual- ly unfold wholesome and essen- tial factors in the development of the highest character, There are various little acts and cer- emonies in this social usage that would seem sufficiently conventional to be practiced by all. With our educational facilities and the abundant circulation of literature, followed by the social advantages enjoyed by the masses of Americans, it would seem - that we should not only take pleasure in exer- cising good manners, but should enjoy the company of well-bred people, says the Chicago Chronicle. Such an article as an essay on Sso- cial etiquette should be unnecessary, but it is not. Ileedlessness has been one of our besetting sins. There is urgent need of our being reminded to look after our practical tools of com- mon politeness, and advised to sharp- en and polish them up a bit. In attaching importance to social etiquette, “faddish” (ceremonial fool- jshness without some wholesome foundation principle) is not to be con- sidered. Etiquette is a civility with- out which we do not have polite so- ciety. Etiquette is necessary as a sort of public dress rehearsal of that frater- nal graciousness of character that rec- ognizes the right of the other one to our consideration. Dr. Trall, the cele- brated hygienist, often said: “If it were not for women, men would soon revert to barbarism.” So much for social form with its civility, cordiali- ty, sincerity and fraternal interest. In no instance does etiquette make a deeper impression on us than in dining and dinner giving. Among a few of the persons one dines with he feels comfortable, dignified and self- respecting. The host or hostess holds all in harmonious relationship. All things seem to work together for the common good, as if material objects and social sentiment joyfully obeyed some magical want that was swayed by unseen fairies., Everything moves in such order we take special note of nothing save a happy satisfaction. No one object stands out aggressively. All is for concord; and we feel better and more inspired for such an evening. Such is the power of an ideal hostess and a strict obs ance of eitquette on the part of both guests and enter- tainers, BOUDOIR CHAT. As a means of defense for women in case of attack from a ruffian, a stil- | letto hatpin is about to be placed on | he European market. It is made of 1 i fine steel that will bend but not break, | Y x : wwrdened point and a han- grasp it as a le with which to 0.000 subscribed for fund and an option re on a Madisos: site. tl project © a woman C in New York City may be regarded as near ree alization. The growing popularity of women's clubs run on the lines of men’s, as seen in the Women's Univers sity Club, and the increasing feminine interest in athletic training, give it a double prospect of success. The Atchison young girls are picking on one of the young men who goes in their crowd. They repeat his sayings and make fun of them, and have suc- ceeded in making him a laughing stock. The young man is worthy and industrious and is generally admired by the business men with whom he* comes in contact. We have heard some of his sayings that the girls laugh at, and it is the judgment of our maturer years that the only reason they have for making fun of him is that he talks common sense. No prin- cess will stand for that.— Atchison Globe, ' i Miss Helen Gould is looking for rape id advancement in her betters ment work to Mrs. Mary LI. Cranston, a woman sociologist, who sailed for Europe recently to make studies from which she will compile a Bibliography of co-operative distribution ard pro- duction for the American Institute of Social Science. This organization has for its object the collection of every kind "of information relating to social and industrial betterment. Miss Gould, as one of the Executive Committee, is closely connected in this work with Mrs. Cranston, and much practical work has already heen accomplished by: them, socinl The late Antoineite Sterling, the singer, whose death w announced, was born in Sterlingville, N. YY, a placé founded by her family. - She-was about sixty years old. In her youth she left this country to study singing abroad. She made her debut in 1873. She married John Mackinlay in 1875; he died in 1893, and their son, Mal. colm, now twenty-seven years oid, is a tenor singer, and an Eton and Ox- ford man. Arthur Sullivan wrote “The Lost Chord’ for her, and it fitted her voice to perfection. Her singing especially enjoyed by the late Queen, who so much desired her pres sentation at court that she relaxed in Antoinette Sterling's favor the rigid rule of the low-cut gown, because Miss was Sterling declared that she could not combly with it. -o { —retty 3, AF os — FN gp fo Wear A sheaf of flowers lying on the arm is said to be the most convenient form for the bridal bouquet. There is a tendency at relegate the trimming of ard the middle when it zontally. present to skirts to- is applied Embroidery is the one recognized decoration for the luxurious cloth gown; but the economical or impecun- ious may use braids of various widths and kinds. Transparencies in lace embroidery and beadwork are being used for promenade wear on the Riviera, with chiffon or meousseline boas. White is much affected by motorists at the same place, and is to Le as fashionable this year as ever. The bodice is becoming an unaec- knowledged quantity in the gowns of the season, while the sleeves are of primary importance. The larger the better, is the rule which seems to guide the fashionable coutourier, but ‘it is not largeness of the balloon va- riety that is sought. Chiffon dresses in all sorts of colors are much in evidence at the present time, brown and moleskin tones shar- favor with gray, and gauging forms the principal trimming, with occasional touches of lace, such as a valenciennes tucker, or a deep cape collar of thread lace. Rows and rows uging are used around the waist, 1d the top of the bodice, heading the fiounces, and holding the sleeves down at the shoulder. A chiffon rosa craze is now running very high in Paris, and from its in- tial 1 pulation, which is a very miracle ‘of deft fingering, to its uiti- mate artistic disposal, either in i is ing wreath or in separate clusters, the chiffon ros an adornment to be aec- cepted and made much of. In effect it is as light as a dream, each petal standing forth and declaring itself an individual identity, as though verily of nature's handiwork. The extensive adulteration of silk induced by the great demand for that fabrie the last few years has led to such a strong feeling against the use of the doctored concoctions that an effort is befng made in the centres to put an end to the The adulteration of silk JS tionable from every point of but ¢ ily because the on of this materia destroyed the natural cry fa by transfor: 3 Tyo during I'0- 1 1 foreigr ratile 1 L the steamer Such type. Ee & BGI 1