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MEYERSDALE COMMERCIAL, THURSDAY, JUNE 27, 1929
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Page Five
Sweet Potato Profit
Could Be Increased
Diseases in Field, Storage
and Transit Must Be Cut.
(Prepared by the United States Depargment
of Agriculture.)
Much more profit cculd be realized
from the growing of sweet potatoes
than is now made if diseases in the
‘field, storage, and transit were re-
duced. T! 2 inability of farmers to
keep sweet potatoes in storage forces
them to sell the bulk of their crop as
soon as it is dug, a time when prices
are at the low point. Specialists of
the United States Department of Agri-
culture are of the opinion that more
sweet potatoes would be available for
winter use and disposed of at a good
‘price if storage methods and prin-
ciples were better understood.
In Farmers’ Bulletin No. 1059-F,
“Sweet-Potato Diseases,” just issued
by the department, sweet-potato grow-
ers will find much information of value
concerning the prevention and control
of storage and other diseases of their
crop. Disinfection of the seed, use of
immune varieties, and crop rotation
are some of the practices advocated
for the control of disease. Sweet po-
tatoes infected with field diseases
should never be placed in storage, for
heavy losses will follow.
Numerous diseases are described in
the bulletin, together with practical
measures to adopt in reducing losses
therefrom. A copy of the bulletin may
be secured from the United States De-
‘partment of Agriculture, Washington,
D. C.
Keeping Records on the
Poultry Business Best
Many farmers feel that poultry
keeping i. just a side line to be
watched over and cared for by the
women on the farm and as a conse-
quence they pay very little attention
to keeping an account of the income
and expenditures involved in the man-
agement of the poultry flock. Often
this condition exists even though the
flock may be getting the best of care
and may be receiving a very well-bal-
_ anced ration.
.» Such a feeling should not exist,
-however. Poultry flocks are one of the
big sources of farm income. Further-
more, they furnish, under proper man-
agement, a very steady income from
week to week throughout the 12
It would be an
easy matter to keep a record of this
income, and in many instances this is
done. Too often the poultry flock book-
keeping ceases with the record of the
income and does not take into account
the cost of keeping the flock.
‘Breeding Ducks Must Be
Given Variety of Feeds
For early hatching five ducks may
be mated to one drake. After April
1st, six or eight ducks to one drake
will not be too many. Duck eggs re-
quire 28 days to hatch, except the
Muscovy breed, which requires 33 to
35 days.
In handling ducks pick them up by
their necks rather than the legs. Their
legs are easily broken.
Ducks lay early in the morning and
should be kept in the house until they
do—or till about 9:30 o'clock, If let
out before laying, they often drop
their eggs in ponds or streams.
Pekin and Runner ducks rarely set.
Breeding ducks must be well fed.
Besides whole grain, they should have
a wet mash of wheat middlings.
ground corn and oats and wheat bran,
with about one part of meat scrap to
seven parts of the other feeds used
in the mash. Oyster shell, or ground
limestone, and sand, should be kept
before them always.
Crossbred Sheep Used
for Producing Mutton
Hampshire bucks crossed with grade
Rambouillet ewes are being used to
produce market lambs in Colorado, ac-
cording to Charles I. Bray of the ani-
ymal husbandry department of the Col-
orado College of Agriculture. A cross
which Mr. Bray suggests is that of a
long wool buck on a fine wecol ewe.
This cross has been used by some
sheep growers of the other range
states and gives a sheep with a good
mutton body, fine quality of fleece and
plenty of size. ;
In making this kind of a cross, Rom-
neys, Lincolns and Cotswolds are used
most frequently. By crossing a Rom-
ney Marsh buck with the ewes, a fine
type of lamb was produced, according
to the experiments of the Colorado
College of Agriculture. The Rombpey
is a little blockier than other long
wool breeds and has shorter legs.
Brooder House Needed
Now for Young Chicks
Probably no building is more need-
ed right now than a new brooder
house. One of the chief sources of
loss of baby chicks comes from lack
of proper brooding facilities, and a
good brooder house will very nearly
pay its cost in the first season.
A brooder house is not a compli-
cated structure. A simple shed type
is common, but it must be built with
a warm floor, tight, warm walls and
a tight rocf. The use of good heavy
building paper on the inside walls will
stop all possibility of cracks, and will
make it easier to maintain an even
temperature. Begr in mind that in
cold weather 60 per cent of the heat
of a building is lost through the roof.
Therefore, use an extra layer of build-
ing ‘paper or one thickn: of heavy
wallboard under the roof.
De 2)
BLACKHEAD CAN
BE CONTROLLED
Disease Is Caused by Animal
Germ in Young Fowls.
Blackhead of turkeys is one of the
most dreaded diseases of this class of
poultry, but destructive as it is, the
trouble may be controlled.
“We find that blackhead is caused
by an animal germ,” says Dr. B. F.
Kaupp, head of the poultry department
at state college. “It generally attacks
young turkeys from five to seven
weeks of age on up until they mature.
To tell definitely whether a bird has
blackhead, one has but to open a
dead bird and if blackhead is present,
the liver will appear tc be spotted. If
the liver be cut through, these spots
of dead tissue will be found scattered
throughout. To prevent future spread
of the trouble, the eggs for hatching
should be soaked for ten minutes in a
1 to 10,000 solution of bichloride of
mercury and hatched in an incubator
or by a turkey hen away from chick-
ens. Where blackhead is not on the
premises, these precautions are not
necessary. A drug called sulpho-
phenol may also be used. Always give
the birds all the buttermilk or soured
skim milk that they will drink. This
tones up the general health condi-
tions.”
To learn more of the real nature of
this disease, Doctor Kaupp will begin
field studies with turkeys in the four
mountain counties of Ashe, Madison,
Jackson and Avery. These four coun-
ties have many turkeys and the owners
‘have suffered losses in the past by
reason of the blackhead trouble. Doec-
tor Kaupp states that all the exper-
imental work will be conducted under
actual farm conditions and he hopes
to find definite and practical control
or preventative methods which may be
used by all farmers.
. Turkey-growing offers good profits,
especially to the grower who is pre-
pared to put first-class birds on the
market at Thanksgiving and Christ-
mas. There are many successful tur-
key farmers in various parts of North
Carolina and if it is possible to find a
practical control for blackhead, the in-
dustry should easily become more
profitable.
Runner Ducks Classed
as Heavy Egg Layers
Runner ducks are classed as laying
ducks and are the only breed recog-
nized in that classification. In many
many eggs as chickens. If managed
properly ducks of this breed may be
expected to lay almost as well as hens.
‘These ducks are small in size, the
males weighing four to four and one-
‘half pounds and the females three
‘and a half to four pounds. In spite
of the fact that they are heavy lay-
ers they mature quite rapidly and
make good broilers. They are killed
for this purpose when they weigh
about two and a half to three pounds.
These ducks are long and narrow bod-
ied. The body is carried very erect.
There are three varieties of Runner
‘ducks: Fawn and White Runners,
Penciled Runners, and White Run-
ners. In all three varieties the mat-
ings are made in the proportion of one
drake to each six or eight ducks.
ehorforforferfoefecfoofocforterforfeefonfoofesferfecfoofocorfecenortentert
Poultry Hints
theeforfocfocfeciooferterferterferfocfooferforferfeosfocterforertertentertente
A point to keep in mind in feeding
‘mash to the turkeys is that they need
the vitamine D provided by a good
high-grade cod-liver oil just as badly
as do chickens.
* * *
Most turkey raisers will wish to
hatch the eggs in an incubator and
brood the poults artificially. By doing
this they can keep the turkey hens
in production almost continuously.
* * *
There’s no better feed for young
poults than plenty of sour milk. Feed
five times daily at first, but don’t over-
feed, and be sure to keep grit, char-
coal and clean water before them at
all times.
® x *
Build open sheds for turkeys to
roost under as soon as they begin to
want to fly up to roost.
* x x
Keep young turkeys shut up until
one week old. Then turn out for a few
hours each day during the warm part
of the day until they are two weeks
old.
* ® *
Each turkey egg is worth a great
.deal more than a single chicken egg,
and because of this fact the loss is
greater whep the eggs do not hatch
‘or when they hatch into weak turkeys.
* 0%
Start birds on bran and clabber
mash if possible; otherwise, use corn
bread.
ss ® °
Don’t try a late hatch unless you
have separate enclosure for these late
turkeys. Two ages of turkeys don't
mix any better than two ages of chick-
ens do.
*® ® ®
Usually it is necessary to use one
gander to every three or four geese.
A young gander will do provided he
is fully matured. Geese may be turned
out in any moderately cold weather.
instances Runners have produced as |’
‘New Air-Mail Service Between
United States and Chile Boosts |
Friendship of Two Countries
South’s Cotton and Other Goods Find Market There While
Chilean Nitrate, Copper and Iron Increasingly in
Demand Here
HE air-mail service soon to be
I inaugurated by the United
States Post Office Department,
through a recent contract with the
Pan-American Grace Airways, Inc,
between the United States and Chile
will, in the opinion of the Chilean
Minister of Finance, Don Pablc Ra-
mirez, bring about a more friendly
feeling between the two nations and
further extend trade relations.
factured goods, valued at approxi-
mately $50,000,000 annually. 1 pre-
dict there will be an increasing
amount of raw material furnished the
United States manufacturers from
Chile, while Chile will continue to
take increasing amounts of finished
products, chiefly in the form of cotton
goods, mining equipment, electrical
equipment, agricultural implements,
railway equipment and other machin-
General view Chilean Nitrate of Soda mining and extracting plant, located
in nitrate plains of Northern Chile, said to be the driest spot on earth. In the left
foreground, caliche (the nitrate of soda ore) is being sorted from other rock and
loaded onto cars for transporting to the extraction plant.
At the plant (center) the caliche is crushed and dissolved in hot water to
separate the insoluble substances from the nitrate.
The solution is placed in large
vats, where precipitation and crystallization of the nitrate of soda take place.
Trains carrying the finished product to the Coast are observed in the right back-
ground.
Workers’ quarters are shown at the extreme right.
(Insert) Don Pablo Ramirez, Chilean Minister of Finance, a recent visitor to
to the United States.
Senor Ramirez 1s the first cabinet
official of the Chilean Government to
visit a foreign country during term
of office. He came to pay Chile’s re-
spects to President Hoover and to
confer with American importers rela:
tive to extegding the sales of nitrate
of soda, cne of the most valuable natu-
ral resources of his country.
“Cutting the time from twenty to
seven days in mail and perhaps pas
tion ot domestic industrial plants. A
ready Chilean industries have em-
ployed more than $650,000,000 of Unit-
ed States capital, mainly in her ni-
trate, copper and iron mines, and at
the present rate of development we
must look to the United States or
Europe for additional assistance,”
Senor Ramirez said.
He advised the American importers
that the mining of nitrate of soda has
Boatload of Chilean nitrate at Wilmington, N. C., on its way from the mines of
Chile to cotton and corn fields of North and South Carolina.
Each spring boats
find their way into the ports along the Atlantic Coast, laden with Chilean nitrate to
supply the farmers of the United States with their nitrogen plant food. : :
senger service between New York and
Santiago, Chile, will be a great step
forward in bringing us closer to the
United States, as well as in establi h-
ing a friendlier feeling and in adding
to the rapidly-growing developments,”
he said.
“At present more than one-fourth of
all the foreign or imported goods used
in Chile come from the United States,
largely in the form of manufactured
recently surpassed all previous rec
ords. “Your farmers,” he said, “are
now the greatest consumers of nitrate
of soda, using approximately a million
tons annually. With unlimited beds
from which to supply United States
farmers with their nitrate fertilizers,
my Government proposes to do all
within its power to mine and deliver
it in the best mechanical condition
and at the lowest possible price.”
State Bar To Hold Meet
: At Bedford Springs
The 35th annual convention of
the Pennsylvania Bar Association
will be held at Bedford Springs
Hotel, Bedford Springs, Pa., this
week on Wednesday, Thursday and
Friday, June 26, 27, and 28th.
Former United States Senator from
Pennsylvania, George Wharton Pep-
per, of Philadelphia, Pa., will pre-
side.
Wednesday evening members of
the Bar will give a testimonial din-
ner to Judges of the State to sig-
nalize 25 years of service by Chief
Justice Robert van Moschzisker, of
the State Stipreme Court.
Thursday will be devoted to con-
ference and committee reports. The
evening has been set aside as “Jour-
nalists night.” United States Sena-
tor Henry J. Allen, of Kansas, will
be the chief speaker, using as his
subject, “The Lawyer in Congress,”
William Hard, of Washington, will
speak on “The Lawyer as Lobby-
ist,” and Willmot Lewis, of Wash-
ington, D. C., will speak on “The
Lawyer as an officer of Justice.”
On Friday John H. Fertig, assis-
tant director of the legislative refer-
ence bureau, Harrisburg, will pre-
sent a paper summarizing legislation
of 1928-29. Kilman Brewster, of
Washington, D. C., will speak on
“Federal Tax Procedure.” Officers
will be elected at the closing of the
morning session on Friday.
At a banquet which will be held
on Friday evening William J. Done-
van, former Assistant Attorney Gen-
eral of the United States will be the
chief speaker. Chief Justice von
Moschzisker will preside at all ses-
sions of the second judicial confer-
ence to be held in connection with
the bar convention. Judge Richard
M. Martin, of Pittsburgh, will sub-
mit a report for the Committee on
Criminal Law.
TRY MENTAL TEST
ON 75 PRISONERS
ONLY TEN NORMAL
Expert Says Results Reveal
Unfitness to Operate Automo-
biles—25 on Black List.
Harrisburg, June 26—The theory that
thieves are persons of subnormal intelli-
gence, or they would not be thieves,
seems to be borne out by an investiga-
tion at one of the State’s penal institu-
tions by Dr. G. F. Willey, field psychia-
trist of the Department of Welfare, who
has submitted the results of his exami-
nations to Benjamin G. Eynon, commis-
sioner of motor vehicles. Of seventy-
five inmates examined by Dr. Willey on-
ly ten were found to be of normal intel-
ligence.
The men subjected to examination
were those arrested one or more times
for larceny of motor vehicles, or who
for physical or mental reasons were
considered risks from any standpoint.
Many of the seventy-five admitted that
although they had never been licensed
they drove motor vehicles at will—some
of them declaring they made their living
by driving trucks, and a checkup of the
Motor Vehicles Bureau files by Commis-
sioner Eynon revealed that the cards of
twenty-five had been suspended or re-
voked.
Nearly a score of the seventy-five ad-
mitted never having had a driver's li-
cense, many of them saying they had
not even considered making an applica-
tion. While the licenses of only twenty-
five were revoked, “stop cards” have
been placed in the files at Harrisburg
against the other fifty and should they
apply for the driving privilege they will
be denied until a thorough investigation
has been made.
As classified by Dr. Willey the men
examined rated as follows:
Mental defectives, 45; epileptics, 2;
imbeciles, 1; victim of hysteria, 1; chron-
ic alcoholics, 3; normal intelligence, 10;
visual defects, 2; psychopathic criminals,
2; constitutional criminals, 3; border
line intelligence, 5; unstable, 1.
May Withhold License
“Section 604 of the motor code pro-
vides for non-licensure of individuals
adjusted feeble-minded, insane or epil-
eptic,” wrote Dr. Willey. “Of course
many of our prisoners have not been so
cations of further trouble.
adjudged, yet our examinations show
them to be of low-grade intelligence, or
to have mental or nervous symptoms.
The presence of this disqualification may
never reach the judicial cognizance. The
most important of all my observations
in the examination of approximately
2000 prisoners is the frequency with
which low-grade feeble-minded and
others presenting mental and neurolo-
gical symptoms have reported truck
driving among their occupations.”
Commissioner Eynon is of the opinion
that before long American states will
require that applicants for drivers’ li-
censes submit themselves to a mental
and physical test, designed to show
whether they are capable of operating a
motor vehicle.
“This requirement is closer than the
average citizen imagines,” he said.
“Eventually holders of license will be
compelled to submit to such examina-
tions at stated periods—perhaps once in
three years, or five.”
“How many unlicensed drivers are
operating cars on Pennsylvania streets
and roads?” Eynon was asked.
“That is something we propose finding
out at an early date,” he replied. “The
fine for operating without a driver's
card is $10, or the violator may be im-
prisoned for five days. Men and women
who are violating the motor code in this
particular may soon discover that they
have engaged in some very costly econ-
omy.”
Ward Compton Threatened
With Blood Poisoning
Some time ago Ward Compton, of
near St. Paul, cut himself with a
saw between the thumb and fore
finger of his right hand. The cut
apparently healed without any indi-
On Sat-
urday of last week it became evi-
dent that blood poisoning had set in.
Medical aid was promptly summoned
and at this time it appears that the
disease is stayed and he is reported
to be much better. = We certainly
hope for a speedy recovery.
Mr. Compton has been a strong
robust, industrious young man and
has been engaged in the lumber
business for a number of years.
SUBSCRIBE FOR COMMERCIAL
FARM CALENDAR
Give Chickens Fresh Water—Poul-
trymen who use galvanized sheetiron
drinking fountains should empty out
the older water each morning and re-
place with fresh water. The same
practice, of course, is good with any
type of fountain.
Supplement Pastures—Pastures will
soon become short. Plan now for
summer and fall feeding of all cows
in milk by providing green feed, sil-
age, or grain. More milk, more prof-
it, and better physical condition of
the cows will result, say Penn State
dairy specialists.
Eradicate Chicory Weed—Chicory is
a weed found in many parts of the
State. [It is a pest principally in mea-
dows. Where there are only a few
plants they can be pulled by hand.
Where they are numerous use a spud,
mattock, or hoe to cut the plants off
an inch or two below the crown and
then put a handful of salt on the new-
ly cut surfaces. Where the infesta-
tion is so severe that hand methods
are impracticable, grow a cultivated
crop for a few years or let sheep or
goats graze on the land.
Give Sweet Peas Water—One of the
secrets of growing sweet peas is to
supply plenty of water at all times.
A mulch of grass clippings will help
to conserve moisture around the sweet
peas.
Harvest Spinach Often—New Zea-
land spinach is harvested as soon as
the tips of the branches may be cut
back about two inches. After a few
days new branches, bearing leaves,
will be put out. A constant supply
until frost is possible with this treat-
ment.
Protect Pigs from Mange—Mange
| stunts pigs and prevents satisfactory
(gains. In severe cases they become
unmarketable. Dip the pigs in a one
to 40 dilution of lime-sulphur. Keep
the quarters clean.
A scientist has invented a machine
which will truly register one’s hidden
emotion. When the girls get one of
these they will be able to tell whether
those soft words and that heaving
chest really means anything on a
moonlight night in June.
Subscribe for The Commercial
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of the reading public
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