vi
v
DET
re dy
edd adhe §
Ee ——
sponds to the shutter.
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STRUCTURE OF THE EYE.
Why We See Better In a Moderate
Than In a Glaring Light.
An observant chauffeur, passing an
automobile with glaring headlights,
noted that objects at the side of the
road which had been distinctly visible
dropped out of sight when the Deighi
lights were thrown upon them.
one can see better in a little light
in no light, he wondered, why can one
not see better in bright light than fn
moderate light?
The answer is, paradoxically, that
the less light there is the better one
sees, for the brighter the object the
less efficient is the eyesight. Ir, after
We have been in ‘darkness, we sudden-
ly turn on a bright light and look at
our eyes in a mirror we can see the
pupil of the eye rapidly growing small-
er. If we reduce the light the pupil
dilates again. What happens is the
same as in the camera when we ad-
Just the shutter to the intensity of the
light.
The ‘colored iris of the eye corre-
It consists
chiefly of a muscle which, as the light
increases, is stimulated to contract.
thus drawing the curtain and shutting
out some of the superfluous light. It
wslally takes a few seconds for this
adjustment to take place. Thus when
‘We emerge from pins into light we
koi Spe ~
oof i da oe Ya Gaile
"WHE Maite gre: Rha ler Tham dN =
Ha wd - What Life iy
beet
x x ny
re Rha |
8 i rr 5
: wid pe SY
ine i Unwise,
Woy fs ‘ever the ‘difference ‘between
Tat what ih wih al re latter won- |
tithe wise man
wonllet's 4 the si, “¥imerson,
ie " Clothealines.
When the tine needs cleaning
wrap it around the washboard and
scrub {i it, with a brush in soapsuds.
fl Beautiful Bridges.
Populér love of ait may be carried
too far. The author of ‘Charles Bour
bon, Constable of France,” tells us that
on the occasion of the sack of Rome
the citizens refused to secure their
safety by taking the advice of thelr
captain, Reuzo da Cerl, and cutting
the bridges Ponte Quattro. Capi and
Ponte Sisto. “The people declined on
the ground that they were “toe beau-
e
An Ox Hide.
“Thomas,” sald the professor to =a
pupil in the junior class in chemsfstry,
“mention an oxide.”
“Leather,” replied Thomas,
“What is leather an oxide of 7 asked
the professor.
“An oxide of beef,” answesed the
Bright youngster.—Chicage News,
Tree le ea ne the Tao
lowe a D ie last
Tr ean}
| general,
A WHITE HOUSE DINNER.
Dishes President Jefferson Served to
His Guests In 1802.
Manasseh Cutler, the founder of the
Ohio colony and father of the ordi-
nance of 1787, kept a diary all through
his public life, and it is now in the pos-
session Charles G. Dawes. - It con-
taing @n ‘account of a dinner at the
White Bouse given by J President Jef-
terson Feb. 6, 1802, to Mr. Cut
ler * 2nd six members of Pic an were
. Cutler wrote that there was “rice
soup, round of beef, ttirkey, mutton,
ham, loin of veal, cutlets of mutton or
‘veal, fried eggs, fried beet, a ple called
macaroni, which appears to be a rich
crust filled with strillions of onions or
shallots, which I took it to be; tasted
very strong and not agreeable.
“Mr. Lewis told me there were no
onions in it; it was an Italian dish, and
what appeared like onions was made
of flour and butter with a particularly
strong liquor mixed with them. Ice
cream, very good; crust wholly dried.
crumbled into thin flakes, a dish some-
what like pudding, inside white as
milk or eurd, very porous 4nd light.
covered with cream sauce; very fine.
“Many other J kg, a great vari-
ety of fruit, Eleaty of. Wines and good.
President s ‘We drank tea.” —Co-
| lumibus-Dispate
Wo ent BE eden
Americans’ Physical Development,
this coun eh a
| “inspection of the crowds on, fhe streets
| of anyone of our large cities, will, re-
veal, pale; Sangh: and poorly |;
Shen minded 3 ogerver or the She Seeirail
those brought up in the
bn the experience of most
men who have had occasion
rah ori iv woe heh
Lieutenant General.
Many of us are puzsled to know why
a lieutenant general ranks higher than
a major general. ae Hah the: Sedge:
SEAS ah att
military districts the Tess
impofiant under the control “of a ser-
geant major general the rank beyond
‘that of colonel, and the more impor-
tant being govérned by a Heutenant
the captain general being
Cromwell himself, The lapse of time
has. deleted the sergeant from the ser-
gout} major general. ~London Chron-
cle.
Ocean Currents.
There are twenty-seven permanent
currents in the oceans of the world,
and there are nearly as many more of
the semi-permanent variety existing at
one time. . Several causes tend to orig-
inate and maintain these drifts. Uni-
formly directed winds have the great-
[ est influence. and differences of tem-
peratures, storms, polar ice and eddies
have each some effect, creating usually
the currents of semi-permanent va-
riety.
3
Gs of wemal igehuty, o
ce g the
froin, 4, modal of per per.
| dev, A easua]
ersizel.zopthand pasty, dably men.
ERE yalcal ae ET hat the |
To} are not get
THE SCILLY ISLANDS.
Washed by a Glution Sea Gorged With
Human Victims.
No more sinister locality could be
found for the sinking of a vessel in a
submarine crusade than the neighbor- !
hood of the Scilly isiands, where a
number have met their. fate.
of granite of different sizes thrown in-
discriminately into a small shallow
pool of water will give a tolerably cor-
rect model of the islands of Scilly.
They are seventeen in number, varying
in extent from ten to 1,640 acres, be-
sides twenty-two smaller islets and nu-
merous naked rocks., They are loeated
, In latitade 50, longitude 7, about twen-
ty-five miles west by south from Land's
End, Cornwall, England. Those who
recall the scenic effects in “The Pirates
of Penzance” retain some idea of the
nature of the Scillonian panorama-—
wild and picturesque, sheer cliffs and
yawning caverns hollowed out by the
ceaseless action of the ocean waves, a
perilous approach in stormy weather.
In earlier days the islands were in-
fested’ with pirates. and -smugglers,
while many of the inhabitants picked
up a living as wreckers. It was on
Gilston rock that Sir Cloudesley Shovel
perished with 800 men in 1707, and in
the graveyard of St. Mary’s repose the
bodies of 311 victims of the wreck of
the Schiller in 1875. So treacherous is
the sea in these parts that there is an
old proverb. that for every man who
dies a natural death the sea takes nine.
As for the strategic importance of
Scilly, Borlase wrote over & century
and a half ago: “In time of war it is of
the utmost importance to England to
have Scilly in its possession. If it were
in an enemy’s hands the channel trade
from Ireland, Liverpool and Bristol to
London and the south of England could
not subsist, for Scilly, lying at the
point of England, commands both chan-
nels.”—Bulletin of the National Geo-
graphic Society.
POLITENESS IN PORTUGAL.
Ceremony With Which a Visitor ls
Greeted and Dismissed.
That Portuguese politeness is most
ceremonial and may proceed to an ex-
traordinary extent is, indicated in the
case, say, of a visit to a high dignitary.
The caller ascends a magnificent
staircase, passes through a long suit of
rooms to the apartment in which the
dignitary is seated. He is Teopived
with many bows and smiles, :
When the visit is concluded the caller
bows and prepares to depart. When
to the invariable custom of the coun-
try, make another salutation. He then
discovers that his host ‘is following
him and that the inclination is re-
turned by one equally profound. When !
the caller arrives at the door of the
standing on the threshold of the first, |
and the same ceremony is again pissed
between them.’ When the third apart
ment is gained the caller observes that
his host is occupying the place the
caller has just left in the second. The
same civilities are then renewed, and
ese polite reciprocations are contin-
ued until the caller hag traversed the
‘whole suit of apartments.”
At the baivsteade ie caller makes a
low and as he suploses a final saluta
tion. But no: when he has reached the
first landing piace the host is at the
top of the stairs: wheu the caller
stands on the second landing place his
host has descended to the first. and
upon each of these occasions their
heads wag with increasing humility.
Finally the journey to the foot of the
stairs is accomplished.—Los Angeles
Times,
Road Warnings.
“Half This Road Is Yours, the Other
Half Mine.”
‘This big sign greets the eye of the
fj motorist on the splendid ten ‘mile
stretch of asphalt-macadam road be-
tween Asheville and Weaverville,
| which is a link of the southern ns-
tional highway from’ Weshingon to
San’ Diego, Cal.
The sign is located at the ae Hmits
and is a powerful reminder that others
“have rights on the road,
‘A half mile beyond at a sharp curve
around the rocky bluff a big sign on
‘ which is painted a skull ensbrouded in
black. with “Just Around the Curve"
underneath, involuntarily brings the
driver to slow speed. —Asheville (N. C.)
Bpard of Trade Bulletin.
fi
Forest Destruction.
Fires and insects are the chief causes
of forest destruction, and the United
States bureau of entomology finds these
harmful agencies curiously interrelat-
Insect-killed sections of forests
are the inflammable starting spots of
fires. While on’ the other hand, fire
wounds -on trees give a ready opening
for boring insects. More. tir ber of mer-
chantable size is’ lost directly through
insects than through fides. |
Baseball.
“I- don’t understand baseball,” eom-
plained Mrs. Flubdub. “It’s a mixed
ee.”
“What's mixed about it?
“They appear to think just as much
of the man who steals a base as the
man who earns a run.”—Kansas City
Journal.
He's Still Doing.
“What does your father do for a liv-
ing, my son?” asked the kind old lady.
“Time just now,” replied the young-
ster, “but he used to do everybody.”—
New York Times.
Natural Recreation.
The lightning plays, the wind whis-
tles, the thunder rolls, the snow flies,
the waves 1p, the field smiles, the
bud shoots and the river runs.
{| Dome i ndest of all institu
i tions. —S
It has |
been said that a large bagful of pieces !
he reaches the door he must, according
AT A CHINESE INN.
. The Scenes #n the Interior of the One
Roomed Mud Hut.
The building was a long, one storied
. mud hut, with thatched roof. We en-
tered. Behold what the frontiersman
; bad created! The long room was the
scene of homely industry. From the
{ center rafter hung a big oil lamp, shed-
ding its rays over a patriarchal family
as busy as a hive of bees. By the clay
stove sat the grandfather feeding the
fire with twigs and tending a brood of
children playing on a dirt floor packed
hard, swept clean, From one corner
came the merry whir of grinding mill-
stones as a blindfolded donkey walked
round and round, while a woman in
ered up the heaps of yellow cornmeal
that oozed from the gray stones. More
women in red threw the bright meal
high in the air, winnowing it of its
chaff; others leaned over clay mortars,
. pounding condiments ‘with stone pes-
tles,
Men were’ htrrying here and there
with firewood, cooking for the travel-
ers. One end of the room was reserved
for these wayfarers, but the k’ang at
the other end was divided into sec-
tions: - From each rafter over each sec-
each cradle was a little brown baby,
each baby tended by a larger child.
Far away from the loud clamor of the
western world we fell asleep in a clean
| inner room, to the soft sound of swing-
ing cradles and grinding millstones.—
Atlantic Monthly.
ALGERIA A NEW FRANCE.
Result of § Century of Work Against
African Savagery.
After a vast expenditure in ljves and
treasure France is beginning *to reap
its reward from the conquest of Al-
geria. A hundred years ago the north-
‘ern African country was the abode of
‘barbarism, and piracy was the princi-
pal occupation of its people. The Unit-
ed States was the first nation to revolt
against the payment of tribute to the
dey of Algiers for “protection” to com-
merce, and after a brief but thrilling
conflict the buccaneer chieftain was
- brought to his knees.
In 1827 the French took up the white
man’s burden in Algiers and after a
struggle of thirty years subdued the
country. Under the monarchy and the
second empire the government of Al-
geria was based solely on force, but the
republic won the allegiance of the Al-
gerians by withdrawing the military
government from all the settled por-
tions of the country, which have since
been treated very much as if they were
a part of France, each department
sending one senator and two deputies
fo the French chambers. Algerians,
second ; apartment the dignitary is §j save for a few of the tribesmen in the
er
remote interior, are now loyal French-
men, regardless of color, race or re-
lgion. Algeria also supplies vast quan-
tities of foodstuffs and metals to
France—New York World.
What Tipping Means.
Fourteen thousand six hundred per
cent is a pretty high rate of rent! But
it’s just what you pay when you hand
the cloakroom pirate a jitney for
watching your hat for an hour. Do you
get us? Well, it’s just like this: When
¥ou pay 10 cents for the loan of a dol-
lar for a year you pay 10 per cent. But
if you pay 10 cents for the loan of a
dollar for a day you pay 365 times as
high a rate, or 3,650 per cent. It's just
the same way with your $3 hat. When
you pay 5 cents on it for an hour you
are paying the rate of $438 a year
counting only twelve business hours a
day. And this is at the rate of 14,600
per cent. Tell this to the cloakroom
girl today and get her “comeback.”
But don't blame us if she’s a bit
snippy.—Worcester Post. .
Pirates and Steamships.
It was the adyeny ‘of the steamship
iat finally gave the pirates their death.
in Malaya. - Every schoolboy.
ha. to know the story of the first
steamer off Borneo. Some pirate ships
saw a steamer in the distance and, ob-
serving the smoke from its funnels,
thought the ship was on fire and there-
fore helpless. They gave chase, but
they were amazed to see the strange
sea beast come up steadily against the
wind and vomit fire from its gune. It
was generally agreed in polite pirate
circles that the white man had played
honorable body of traders.
Safe.
Miss Fortyodd awoke in the middle
of the night to find a burglar ransack-
ing her effects. Miss Fortyodd did not’
scream, for she prided herself, among.
other things, upon her courage.
Pointing to the door with a dramatic:
gesture, she exclaimed:
“Leave me at once!”
The burglar politely retreated a step
and said, “I had no intention of taking
you.”—New York Times.
Relief.
“What's your opinion about votes for
women?” .
“It's a great proposition,” replied Mr.
Meekton. “It has smashed all the argu-
ments Henrietta used to give me about
the precious hours I spent talking poli-
ties.”—Washington Star.
Appearances.
“Is he henpecked ?”’
“I think he must be. His wife is a
very sweet, delicate, unoffensive, tact-
ful woman, who never says ‘Boo! to
an outsider.”—Life,
The Kind.
“The gardener and the housekeeper
have the same but contrary cry.”
“What is that?”
{ Sean.
red with a wonderful headdress gath- ;
tion swung quaint little cradles. In |
a mean trick upon a successful” and
“My flower is out.”—Baltimore Amer- |
| ~ COOKING POTATOES.
Waste That Comes With Paring and
Scaking Before Boiling.
Paring and cooking is the most waste-
ful method, and added to this some
cooks soak the potatoes in water afte:
they are pared. Starting to cook then:
in cold water also adds to the amouni
of waste.
Twice as much nutritive matter is
lost if paring is done before boiling a-
there is if it is done after boiling, not
figuring the waste in cutting away the
potato. The juices of the potato con-
tain 85;per cent of the protein and 8.
per cent of the ash, and these sub-
stances are easily extracted when the
protection of the skin has been re-
moved.
‘' A pared potato soaked from three to
five hours loses about three times as
much of its mineral matter and seven
| times as much of its protein as ome
Eo and immediately cooked,
i
In the most wasteful method of cook-
ing, paring, soaking and starting to
cook in cold water the loss of protein
is 51 per cent and 39 per cent of ash.
- When cooked with the skins on pota-
toes not soaked and dropped into boil
ing water lose only 1.6 per cent of pro-
| tein and only 4.9 per cent of ash.
Baking and steaming are the most
' economical methods of cooking pota-
toes when fuel is considered. Potatoes
cannot be baked well in a slow oven.—
New York Sun.
WHAT A GARDEN DID.
How One Ambitious Girl Added to Her
Bank Account.
Eight years ago a twelve-year-old
girl in Cleveland started a little garden
for vegetables and flowers. Flowers
she sold that year brought her $18.45.
It was a great sum, and she could
hardly wait until the next spring so
she could get at that gold mine of hers
again. The next year she almost dou-
bled earnings. In the third year they
soared to $59.10. Each year there-
after saw money roll in in increasing.
amounts. Last year she came out with
$285.63. She was a capitalist and
could talk with the calm superiority of
the class.
“I am able to buy all my school
books, clothe myself, spend some for
pleasure and still add to my bank ac-
count.”
A fine young woman. At twenty we
can imagine her. She has no complaint
in the world. Her garden is a pleas-
ant place, friendly to self reliant young
people, remunerative for labor and
pains, filled with the sweet odor of
flowers. Sorrow may come to her some
day, but never the sense of helpless-
ness. The garden has taught her, as
school and her parents’ counsel could
not have, that always there is a way
by which the wolf can be kept from
the doorstep and by which despair is
made an unknown quantity. —Toledo
Blade.
Battle of Dorking.
The battle of Dorking was an imagi-
"nary battle. In 1871, at the close of
the Franco-Prussian war, Englishmen
were reminded by the quick work Rote
by Germany over France of the
bilities of invasion, and’ Sir Geo: or
Chesny wrote an interesting - f in-
structive narrative called “The Battle
of Dorking, or the Reminiscence of a
Volunteer,” in which he depicted the
imaginary scene of a great battle on
English soil, which was won by the
Germans. In short, the battle was the
product of a military man’s imagina-
tion, but it was so well worked out
and so. vividly “described that as long
a8 the German armies were in France
the mention of the battle of Dorking
was enough to make an Englishman
shudder.
A Nautical Explanation.
A New York woman, recounting her
impressions of a trip abroad, said:
| “One thing at least I learned. That
was the meaning of ‘windward’ and
‘leeward.’ The’ captain of the liner I
crossed on explained this difference to
me in a way that, If a little vulgar.
was yet unforgetable.
‘® Captain,’ I said, ‘1 never can tell
the difference between the windward
and the leeward. Explain it to me, will
Tt ell madam,” said the gruff old
chptain, ‘if I were to spit to the wind.
ward and you were to stand to the lee-
hi of me you would be a fool.’ ”
“How ‘to ‘Carty Water.”
It you want Cot ‘a full pail >
Water E § Jeithout 8piilin
to © ~
r in a flat dish o or tray d
other have something “ay Jom shou
Ifiit is drinking water a clean saucer
will do, and a fldt piece of wood
thé best thing for a ir ! It is’ the 5
tle: waves that arise from the water's
lapping against fhe sides and then
ing e other side ‘that makes
the water spill over. The floater stops
this. —New York Sun.
: Helping Some.
Bill—I see that the theory that earth-
quakes accelerate the movement of
glaciers has been proved by observa-
tion in - Alaska recently. Gill — Of
course. Why, I'll bet some earthquakes
"would even make a chessplayer move.
—Yonkers Statesman.
Explained.
“Pa, what's the difference between
‘insurance’ and ‘assurance? ”
“Well, the latter is what the agent
has, and the former is what he tries to
sell you.”—Boston Transcript.
He Saw It.
“There was a terrible accident at our
house last night,” said a wag. “As I was
gitting in the dining room I happened to
| look out, and I saw the kitchen sink.”
Let us not b
with a heaviness
rden our remembrance
that’s gone
EVILS OF ADENOIDS.
These Girowths Are : — is
the Health ot a Child.
Not every child that is backward at
school, that breathes through his
mouth, has dull eyes, a short upper lip,
prominent upper teeth or has a drawn,
tired expression about the face has
adenoids, says a state board of health
bulletin. But this condition should lead
a parent to suspect adenoid growth,
and it should not be dismissed till a
thorough examination has proved that
such is not the case.
Adenoids are a small, soft, reddish
growth which comes in the back part
of the throat where the nose and thront
Join. A child who has adenoids
breathes with his mouth open, has fre-
quent colds and may have earacue of-
ten or become deaf. It is not iulres
quent that adenoids dull the expression
of the eye, destroy the resonance of
the voice and distort the facial expres-
sion so as to produce a blank, idiotic
stare. They hinder mental develop-
ment by interferjng with proper physi-
cal development. For that reason “re-
peaters” at school are frequently said
to be afllicted with adenoids.
The best time to remove adenoids is
when they are first recognizable to a
physician. If they remain longer they
do harm. They cause a child to have
“colds” often and make him more sus-
ceptible to diphtheria, scarlet fever,
measles and whooping cough. Further-
more, if he gets any of these diseases
they are likely to be severe with him
and leave him even worse afflicted.
Cold, fresh air breathed through the
nose is needed to prevent adenoid
growth. It is needed also to prevent
adenoids returning after an operation.
Fresh air taken in through the nose
prevents as well as cures adenoids.
MOST SENSITI'™ 372,
The Two That Can Cause the Greatest
Agony of Fain.
Which part of the human body is the
most sensitive to pain?
A sharp definition must be drawn
here between irritation and pain. Irri-
tation is not pain, but only a frequent
cause of it. Thus a crumb lodged in
the larynx near the vocal cords pro-
duces violent irritation and prolonged
coughing, which often result in actual
pain. So, too, an insect or speck of
dust in the eye sets up violent irrita-
tion and inflammation, followed by
acute pain,
Of the surface of the body the finger
tips and the end of the tongue are
most sensitive. For instance, a burn
on the fingers is much, more painful
than one on the back would be, while
one on the tongue would be more pain-
ful still, ;
Deep wounds are not painful, as a
rule, save as regards the surface in-
jury.
Of pains not caused by external in-
Juries neuralgia of the fifth nerve, the
one which supplies the skin of the head
and face, is the most intense. It has
frequently driven people mad for the
time being, and sufferers have been
known to cut and even burn the flesh
in desperate attempts to relieve it.
‘The rupture of the branches of the
dental nerve in tooth drawing also
causes agony so intense that it has
‘been stated that no human being could
endure it for more than two seconds at
a time.—Pearson’s Weekly.
Roumanian Superstitions.
It Is considered lucky to arrive in
Roumania -dccompanied by rain. It
means abundance, fer’ *% * of
a fine harvest—wealth. Soiuetimes the
peasant women put large wooden buck-
ets of water before their threshold; a
full vessel is a sign of good luck. They
will even sprinkle water before one’s
feet, because water means abundan¢s.
“I have seen,” says the queen of
mania in an article about the people of
her country, “tall, handsome girls sfsp
out to meet me with overflowing w
jars on their heads; on my app:
they stood quite still, the drops splagh-
5 their Taces, 89 Bi to prove oa:
this ichers tchers It is lucky to
gre. fun. Or.straw c
Pe toward but an empty cart i
sure sign of bad luck.”
whet Makes Business Success.
Alyays.a. premium i in busi-
— rE e man who does
painstakingly,” says J. ig ae
the, M
who Ye trus wi
ho AL Jo trusted, to tha. Minter
capacity. The man who informs
elf “adequately about his frm, ts
ods, its policies and its products,
dni la. Ta ik 80 well that no oie
ND. to patch the rag-
Hd
shortest road to seijpvementy
! Pp 7
“The Usual’ Remedy,
Bobbie had been studying his grand-
father’s face, which was very much
wrin
1," Bob, * sald the old gentleman,
“do you like my face?”
“Yes, grandpa,” said Bobbie. “It's
an awfully nice face. But why don’t
you have it ironed ?’—New York Times.
Her Idea.
“What, buying cigars for your hus-
band? I shouldn’t thin™ 'd encour-
”
age him in the filthy hal...
“I'm not. I’m buying them to dis
‘courage Lim.”—Detroit Free Press.
Logic.
Abandoned Alfred—They say that
steady dripping of water "ll wear away
a stone. Dreamy Pete—Jes' think,
then, wot’d haspen to a man’s stomach
by pourin’ glassiuly inter it!”
ade for co- operation, like
1ds, like ere , ka the
upper and lower teeth.—
relius
RR
i a cqm- ;
on the safest, surest and