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JUSTICE OF THE PEACE
CONFLUENCE, PA.
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—
BERLIN OFTEN TAKEN
GERMAN CAPITAL FOUR TIMES
OCCUPIED BY ENEMY.
Most Severe Blow Was During the
Thirty Years’ War—Captured by
the Austrians in 1757—When
Napoleon Entered.
Of the capitals of the nations now at
war in Europe, Berlin, in times past,
has suffered most at the hands of for-
eign troops.
In. all warfare, the capital of the
country invaded is usually the object-
ive of the hostile action. Our own cap-
{tal at Washington suffered at the
hands of the British in the war of 1812.
Since 1448 Berlin has been the seat of
the Hohenzollerns and has been occu-
pied four times by the forces of an in-
vading enemy.
During the Thirty years’ war the
pity was practically razed to the
ground. About one hundred years la-
ter, in 1767, it was taken by the Aus-
trians. They did po harm to the city,
as they received a ransom of 1,500,000
thalers—about $1,125,000.
At the end of the disastrous Jena
campaign the capital of Germany fell
into the hands of the French in 1806.
It was occupied by the troops of Na-
poleon for two years. When Prussia
and Russia allied in 1812 Berlin was
again taken by the ‘Little Corporal”
and was held for a year.
Next to Berlin Paris has suffered
most at the hands of hostile troops.
fn March, 1814, the allied armies
which had opposed Napoleon took the
capital of France and held it for two
months.
the Hundred Days, the city again fell
Into the hands of the enemy.
The Germans were anxious to blow
up the Arch de Triomphe, which cele-
brated the, victory of the French at
Jena, but the Britsh were opposed to
It and saved the arch.
After a long siege by the Germans in
1870 Paris was again occuped by hos-
tile troops. This time much damage
was done to the city. Many of the prin-
cipal buildings were destroyed or
burned. and for several months the
fortifications around the city were
held by the kaiser’s soldiers.
Since it became the capital of Eng-
land, London has never been occupied
by foreign troops, nor even has been
threatened by them. It was held by
Danish and Roman invaders before
England, as a nation, came into exist
ence. But since the time of the Nor-
mans the English capital has never
been threatened.
Before the present struggle Brussels
had not been held by foreign troops, as
the integrity of Belgium was pre-
served in the struggle of 1870.
St. Petersburg, or Petrograd, as it is
now called, has been too far removed
from the center of activities in Euro
pean warfare to have suffered at the
hands of an invading enemy.
Moscow has been the objective point
of troops invading Russia. In 1571 and
1591 it was taken by the Tartars of the
Crimea and destroyed. In 1812 Napo-
leon made it the object of his invasion
of Russia and aided in its destruction,
although the Russians themselves had
done much to destroy the city before
the enemy arrived.
LE LE
His Opinion.
“War,” says a westérner just home
from Europe, “is all right at distance
put when it comes home to us, we per-
ceive that it is a savage, horrible, vile
thing.
«] was talking the other day to a
French reservist whose age had just
him from further work. He
fighter, and I said:
d, you’ll certainly
released
had been a good
houlders.
when you've got
ildre
d
4%
than hit.’
A vear later, at the end of!
CRUISER EMDEN
IS DESTROYED
Was Driven Ashore and Burned |
By Australian Ship
a
MANY OF THE CREW PERISH |
|
Career of Noted Sea Raider Ended in
Bay of Bengal—German Attack
Near Ypres Is Repulsed,
Ils Paris Report.
»
London.—The German cruiser Em-
den which has been preying upon
British commerce in the orient ever
since the war broke out and which
recently sunk a Russian warship in
|
i
|
i the Straits settlement has been ge
Australian wishin
|
|
siroyed by the
Sydney in the Bay of Bengal.
This information was officially given
out here by the admiralty through the
government press bureau.
The Emden was forced ashore upon
one of the Coco islands and burned.
Her fire-blackened hull was blown
up by the Sydney.
It is announced that only about
of the crew of the German cruiser es-
caped out of a complement of 361.
The destruction of the Emden caus
ed great rejoicing here and it is re-
garded as an important naval feat.
The Sydney which was one of the
70 warships that were on the trail of
the Emden, came upon the Germa:
cruiser. The Emden tried to escap
from the -Australian warship whic
was heavier than the German cruiser
but the Sydney proved too speedy.
The Sydney opened fire upon th
German ship and the latter, being un
able -to outdistance her rival, stoo:
by, off Keeling, in the Coco Islan
group, and gave_ battle.
After a sharp fight, during whic
the Emden was badly damaged by th
Sydney’s shells, the Emden ra
‘ashore.
The Emden had been set afire b
shells and was burning briskly whe:
she was beached.
The Sydney fired a few more shell
into the stranded German ship an
then drew off.
The Emden was completely destro:
ed and the loss of life on board wa
very heavy.
The casualties on the Sydney wer
three killed and 15 wounded.
Paris. — Official announcement wa
made that a German attack in co:
siderable force south of Ypres wa
repulsed and that the French force:
made appreciable progress aroun
Bixchoote and between Ypres an
Armentieres.
The British troops also repulsed a’
the attacks made by the Germans.
The battle continues with undimi:
ished fury, however, its fierceness be
ing increased by the reinforcement;
that both sides have received.
Few battles in the history of th
world have contained the tragic an
extraordinary features which marke
the fighting in dense fog in northern
France and western Belgium.
Troops have got lost in the mid-day
darkness, stumbling into the ranks
of the enemy; ranks have charges
with fixed bayonets against their fe!
low soldiers and in both the armies
of the Germans and the allies’ vol
| leys have been fired by friend against
friend.
Throughout the days and nights o
constant fighting, while earth and
| sky were obscured with the dense
" murk, the roar of artillery has bee’
incessant all along the line from Dix
mude to Arras, for the artillery duel
has not yet been decided.
The Germans have bombarded
Ypres with heavy guns and the city
is in flames. The Belgian town of
Staden, lying between Dixmude and
Langhemarck was caught in the vor-
tex of artillery fire and has been
practically demolished.
Berlin.—Official announcement was
made that the German forces main
tained their successful advance
against the allies in France and Bel
gium.
20
THE MEYERSDALE COMMERCIAL
|
Dancing Frocks for the Debutante
!
«The enemy haa been compelled to |
give grount at several points as a
result of our strong offensive at-
tacks,” said the statement.
“Our advance oas been maintained
and we have gained strong positions
about Ypres and Arras.
«The situation in the eastern war
theater is stationary.”
Nish, Servia.—An offensive move-
ment by the Austrians against the
Servian positions near Shabats, on
the Save river, has been repulsed, it
was offiiially announced. The official
statement follows:
«Austrian attacks against the forti-
fied positions of Jadonova and Gout-
chevo have been repulsed. The Aus
trians, bringing up reinforcements, at-
tacked our positions near Shabats,
but were forced to withdraw to their
original positions, suffering heavy
losses. The sharpest fighting took
place in the villages of Dordritch and
Jevremovitch.”
Allies March Into Tsing Tao.
Tokyo. — Japanese and English
troops formally took possession of
the German leasehold of Kiau Chau
in China Tuesday
ee
Japan Demand Sent to China.
Berlin. — The Vremys, a
newspaper published in Petrograd, re-
ports that the Japanese government
has demanded frc a conces-
gion for the const a railroad
from Tsi Nan, g province, to
Novos
n to bring up, the Yangtse river.
re mem
HREE pretty and simple little
frocks adapted to the use of the
dancing girl are shown here. They
make ho attempt at the, unusual in
style or the intricate in composition,
or to be anything but youthful and at-
tractive.
Anyone who is patriotic enough to
be interested in the use, of fine cotton
fabrics or cotton laces, of which so
much is manufactured here in Amer-
ica, may btudy these gowns and re-
produce them in cottons. There is a
world of beautiful goods in printed
cottons to choose from. The plain voiles
and marquisettes and figured pat-
terns in the same materials, and the
dainty printed cotton nets vie with
lovely quaker laces in adaptability to
the simpler evening gowns.
Already the foremost American de-
signers are finding quaker lace ideal
for those gowns made for the young
girls’ dancing party. It is altogether
practical, for it is an inexpensive
lace as filmy as cobweb and as durable |
as net.
The youngest of the three little
maids who seem to be in gay readiness
for the next dance has on a short, |
plain skirt of taffeta. Over this al
bodice and overdress in flowered voile |
has inserts of princess lace at the |
front and bordering the sleeves. The |
pointed neck is set over a little fichu
of folded chiff'mn.
Her taller sister wears a draped
skirt of soft crepe, folded over at the
front and with a low “paby” waist.
Over this a plain short-sleeved bodice
and short tunic of quaker lace is worn,
confined at the waist with a twisted
velvet girdle. Velvet ribbon is
draped on the skirt under the lace
tunic in a clever sash arrangement.
The sleeves are edged with a narrow
fancy cotton edging.
The remaining dress of the three is
made of a light-weight satin, with
plain underskirt and a tunic set on to
a yoke. A plain short waist of the
satin is sleeveless.
The chic coatee of renaissance lace,
made of lace braid wrought into floral
patterns with lace stitches, is the
dominant feature: in this charming
gown for the oldest of the three young
buds. Lace of this kind is handmade,
and except for the difference in the
braids used, is much like battenberg
! lace, which so many women know
how to make for themselves.
The fine cotton crepes and voiles,
plain or printed, and the filmy cotton
laces, not to speak of the silky mer-
cerized cotton fabrics which are to be
had in all the light evening colors, of-
fer the most appropriate materials for
the young girl's party gown, and in
them the charm of her youth makes
itself most strongly felt.
Housegown for the Morning
CONVENIENT garment has been
evolved for the delinquent fair
ones who sleep late and rush through
a hasty toilet in order to be pre-
sentable at the breakfast table. It
combines the outlines and certain fea-
tures of the plain kimono with those
»f a simple Empire gown. Thus it is
as easily slipped on as a kimono and
has the quaint grace of the high-
waisted Empire dress.
Cotton crepe, challie, albatross,
aun’s veiling, or other supple and
washable fabrics are used for making
hese morning gowns, with the cotton
srepe favored above the others. This
s a substantial, attractive washable
'abric and does not really require iron-
ng. It is woven in all the light and
pretty colors which are used in the
Japanese silk of which silk kimonos
ire made, and in both plain and fig-
wired patterns. The designs are copied
after those used in the silks.
The upper part of this morning
jress is cut with straight, moderately
wide kimono sleeves, and the regula-
jon “V-shaped neck. The sleeves are
three-quarter length and sometimes
finished with a turnback cuff. The
waist line is introduced by means of
a cord over which the crepe is shirred.
In the ready-made garments an elastic |
cord is used, and for comfort in loung-
ing it is to be commended.
The skirt portion is straight and fin- |
ished with a two-inch hem, and is
closed in a seam from a little below
the waist line downward. A rose made
of ribbon or of the crepe finishes the
closing at the front. Snap fasteners
are used instead of hooks and eyes.
A sheer collar of white organdie
with narrow hem-stitched hem is fin-
ished with a bias tape about the neck.
It is basted in the neck of the morn-
ing gown. Cuffs to match are worn,
basted in the sleeves and turned back
over them, as shown in the picture.
Similar collar and cuff sets made of
net are pretty for the same purpose.
Small flower forms in silk floss are
embroidered on the sleeves and waist
portion of this gown, the floss match-
ing the fabric in color. It is washable,
but some of these morning gowns and
kimonos of cotton crepe are embroid-
ered in graceful flower sprays in which
white cotton floss is used effectively
on the colored materials. Blue, pink,
light green, lavender, and rose color
are all much used for these dresses.
JULIA BOTTOMLEY.
were TT em pT : Is
Jd UR RRR RR
1 The Citizens National Bank
2 Meyersdale, Pa.
© statement, September 12, 1914
(Comptroller’s Call) 3
Resources: g
= I=
Ee Fn Fl JE
TITS
® Toans and Investments. . «+ . . « . $725,836.75 &
8 United States Bonds. . . . . . . . 77,000.00 &
8 Banking House . . . . i.e = 0» 29,300.00 &
8 Due from Banks and Reserve Agents . 114,771.52 ©
Cathie rr sme nh TELEON B
: $1,008,168.41
- Liabili ies:
B Capital Stock... . «vas. - -865000.00F
8 Surplus Fund oi. .:. . res sos 100,000.00
B Undivided Profits . . . . .. . .. 25,800.02 4
8 Circulation . . . ... . . wo . 0. 65,000.00 &
ES Deposits’, ... . ..p va. 752,368.39 &
: $1,008,168.41 §
g Officers and Directors: :
BE) S. B. PHILSON, President ;
B S. A. KENDALL, Vice Pres., R. H. PHILSON, Cashier &
B CLARENCE MOORE, Asst. Cashier
@ S.C. Hartley, W. T. Hoblitzell, F. B. Black,
2 W. N. Moser, H. Bunn Philson
i EERE
LEGUMES GAIN FAVOR
Use of Vetch for Green Manure,
Forage and Cover Crops.
Hairy Variety Able to Withstand Win-
ters Which Would Kill Commen
Kinds—Pure Ice of . Impor-
tance to Country Homes.
In the growing popularity of legumes
for use as green manure, forage and
cover crops, vetch has played an im-
portant part. Although there are a
number of species grown to some ex-
tent in this country, the two used most
extensively are the common and the
hairy vetch. Of the two hairy vetch
is much more hardy and can be grown
in almost every part of the nited
States. It withstands winters which
would kill the common vetch and does
well on land much too poor for the
other. In addition, it will stand con-
siderable alkali and much drought. On
this account it can be grown success-
fully in nearly every state of the
Union; but its chief importance will
probably always be in regions where
alfalfa and red clover do not meet
the farmer’s requirements.
Hairy vetch has so many advan-
tages over the common variety that it
would probably displace it almost alto-
gether if it were not for the fact that
the seed is so much more expensive.
Under normal circumstances it can be
said that hairy vetch seed is practi-
cally double in price that of common
vetch, This has not only checked its
utilization in the United States, but
has offered an inducement for adul-
teration and substitution in the seed
against which purchasers should guard
themselves.
From a practical standpoint the ex-
amination of vetch seed should deter-
mine the following questions:
(1) 'Is the seed common vetch (Vicia
sativa) or hairy vetch (V. villosa)?
(2) Is old, dead seed present as an
adulterant?
(3) Is other vetch seed or similar
seed present as an adulterant?
(4) Is the seed adulterated with low-
grade screenings?
(5) Are specially noxious weed seeds
present?
(6) Does a considerable part of the
seed consist of hard seed incapable of
prompt germination?
With a little experience there should
| be no difficulty in distinguishing be-
tween the seeds of common and hairy
| vetch. The common vetch seeds are
|
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|
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9 02% 00
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Mg.!
Fig. 1
Fig. 1—Seeds of Common Vetch (Vicia
Sativa). (Natural Size.)
| Fig 2—Seeds of Hairy Vetch (Vicia
{ Villosa). (Natural Size.)
slightly flattened and the profile some-
what angular. The surface is more or
less distinctly mottled, some of the
seeds being uniformly light brown or
greenish. Hairy vetch/seeds, on the
other hand, are somewhat smaller,
nearly spherical and roll readily. Or-
dinarily their color is grayish or lead-
en black, although new seed is eften
faintly mottled.
Perhaps the easiest way, however,
to distinguish between the two varie-
ties is by examining the seed scar
with a magnifying glass. In common
vetch this scar takes the form of a
narrow wedge, with a slight ridge of a
somewhat lighter color extending
along the center. In hairy vetch the
scar is broad, oval wedge shaped, and
there is no light-colored cemtral ridge, |
although there may be a split along
the center.
After the purchaser has familiarized
himself with the appearance of this
distinctive scar in the seed of hairy
vetch he should be able readily to per-
ceive the presence not only of common
vetch, but of other seeds as well, in any
‘lot that he examines. The seed of wild
vetch is, however, somewhat deceptive,
since it bears a strong resemblance to
that of hairy vetch. Despite this fact
careful examination will show that the
seed scar differs from that of hairy
vetech in being more nearly wedge
shaped, black, and in having a slender
but distinct ridge. along the center.
This wild vetch is frequently used ‘as
an: adulterant in low-grade lots of
hairy vetch seed. Another form of
adulteration commonly practiced is
the addition of small-sized seeds of
common vetch, probably the result of
screening.
Another useful method of determin-
ing the presence of other seeds is to
Fig: 3 Fig. 4
Fig. 3—Seed Scar of Common Vetch.
(Enlarged).
Fig. 4—Seed Scar of Hairy Vetch; A
and B, Forms Showing White, Cen-
tral Slit of Some Scars. (Enlarged.}
crush a small handful. Crushed hairy
vetch seed should be of a lemon-
yellow color. If fawn, salmon or red-
dish orange pieces are found the lot
does not consist of pure hairy vetch
seed.
The presence of old, dead seed, or
of an undue proportion of hard seed,
is more difficult to determine. In fact,
the germination test is the only way
of detecting dead seed. Instead of
sprouting in four or five days after
planting, each seed will merely become
swollen and soft.
Pure Ice of Great Importance to Coun-
try Home.
With winter approaching farmers
will find it profitable to make every
possible arrangement for harvesting
and' storing such ice as may be avail-
able in their localities. Ice is a luxury,
and yet in many sections of the coun-
try it may be had for the gathering
if the farmer is prepared for the har-
vest at the right time. The cost of
harvesting and storing ice is not
great compared with the comfort it
brings, and an ample supply of this
luxury is of greater importance in the
country home than in the city resi-
dence. Even such farmers as are not
near lakes or streams often gather
quite a supply of ice by putting out
pans or wooden troughs filled with
water and removing the ice after the
water has frozen. A special galvan-
ized iron can which may be used in
this way will be described later in
this series.
‘While city people may purchase. per-
ishable supplies as needed, the remote-
ness of country homes from markets
makes it necessary to use more
canned, corned or smoked meat prod-
ucts at a season when the table might
be supplied with other meats if there
was an available supply of ice to keep
it.
Not only is ice appreciated because
of its use in the preservation of fresh
meats, butter and other table supplies,
but the production of high-grade do-
mestic dairy products is almost impos-
sible without it. Many markets to
which milk is now shipped demand
that it be cooled before shipment to a
degree not attainable without the use
of ice. Modern methods of marketing
show other products besides milk, such
as fruit and eggs, if chilled before be-
ing taken to market, arrive in much
better condition. Ice in the country
home, therefore, is of value for a
ter number of purposes than at
rs might seem.
i