XX Ait-VJG-Sr SlCH;ijEll,l'r., t |,(, t ,| NEW SERIES, weekly Democratic paper, devoted to l'ol gßjjd . / <£. f * ~ ics, News, tho Arts ft and Sciences Ac. Pub- . lifhed every Wednes- _ day, at Tunkhannoek, j, P"*!® Wyoming County, Pa. /\ , * jjSr jJ—F BY HARVEY SICKLER, Terms —1 copy 1 year, (in advance) $2 00. I not pain within six months, 52.50 will be chargod ADVER-TISIINra. 10 tines or , { ) lees, miks three >four i two [three six ! one one s'/u ire weeks\u>eekshn.o'lh^m.o , thyno , thi year ISq tare l.Odj 1,25{ 2.25; 2,97; 3,00} 5,0 2 do. 2,00; 2,50} 3,25! 3.50} 4,50} 6,0 3 t'o. 3,00$ 3,75; 4,75$ 5,50j 7,00> 9,0 4 Colu'.un. 4,001 4,50} 6,50 8,001 10.00; 15,0 d.T. 6 00- 7,001 10,00 12.00 17,00 25,0 do. 9,00} 3, r ' ! >; 14.00 19,00 25,00; 35,0 1 d*. 10,091 12.00. 17,001 22,0028,00' 40,0 BusineaS Cards of one square, with paper, $5. JOE WOHK of all kinds neatly executed, and at prices to the times. lushifss JlotirfS. Vw' _ VO.MIXC CO., I'A. THIS establiriiinent hits recenlly been refitted ;tn furnished in the latest style Every attention s.U he given to the comfort and convenience ol those w.iu patronize the House. T. B. WALL, Owner and Pr .prietor ; Ttlnkhanneck, September 11, 1861. NORTH BRANCH HOTEL, MESUOPPEN, WYOMING COUNTY, PA XVill. H. CORTKIOIIT, Prop'r HAVING resumed the proprietorship of the above Hotel, the undersigned will c ; are no effort to render the house an agreeable pbo-e ol sojourn for all who may favor it with their custom. War JI CCKTBIIIHT. Jane, 3rd, 1563 Dicims lotfl, TA.. D. B- BART LET, (Late of the Bbh.vinard House, Ei.miri, N. Y. PROPRIETOR. Tho MEANS HOTEL, bone of the L ABO EST and BEST ARRANC4KD Houses in the country—lt ia fitted up in the most modern end improved style, and no pains are spared to make it a pleasant and agreeable stopping-place for all, v 3, E2I, ly. M. OILMAN, DENTIST. i " * :* a * : L > r_i—- -T v- ffelfartn; n. i r OILMAN, has permanently located in Tnnk iVl. bannock Borough, and respectfully tenders Ins professional services tv the citizens of thisplace and country. _ _ . ALL WORK WARRANTED, TO Gl\L SATIS FACTION. , „ £ j/*Office over Tuttoa's Law Offics, near the I oS Office. Dee. 11, 196 f. USE NO OTHER !—BUCIIAN'S SPECIFIC PILLS are the only Reliable Remedy for all Diseases of the Seminal, Urinary and Nervous Sys erns. Try one box, and he cured. ONE DOLLAR K BOX. One box will per/eel a cure, or money re tutied. Sent bv '.nail on receipt of price. JAMES S. BUTLER, Station D Bible Pouso New York, General Agent 3-nii-3ai H .t Cu MTIfIMLCUIMHMY, CONDUCTED BY IIARVY ANI) CH) 1.1, 1 NS, WASHINGTON, D, C* In order to faeiiiate the prompt ad ustment of Bounty, arrears of pay, Pensions and other Claims, due soediers and other persons from tihoGovernment of the United States. The under gwed has mode arrangements with tho above firm hunsc exirien.-e and close proximity to, and daily n ercourso with the department; as well as tho ear reknowledge, acquired by them, of the decisions ayquently l.eing made, enables them to prosecute t.'.iins nuwe efijeiaotly than Attorneys at a distance, Inpossibly do All persons entitled t> claims ofthe lavadoscription can hnve t hem properly attended atnobbyUng or. me and entrusting them to tnv care . HARVEY SICKLER, Agt. for llarvy & Collins, khannock.Pa. A GENTLEMAN, cured of Nervous Debility. In- L n r tUr9 Deoi, >' nnJ Youthful Error t.ffSd!* ,n h* tob f ncfi t others, will be hnppy to funuaft to all who need ri (froe((f ~h „ . recipe and directions lor making , hc simple remedy twei in htseaso. Those wishing to or. t, i• - .r,"i fiowe* a Valuable Remedy , wdl rLive 'ho came return mail, (carefully scaled,) by addressing ' v w JODN B -OODEN •Bl310-jno 60 N " u street, New York I Tlll-: MAS O N 'S \V I DOW. OR THE MASONIC T.ALISM AN. LV AN OFFICER OF FitE U. 8. A. During the late Mexican war a lad of six teen, a daring young Virginian, leaped a fenco and climbed a parapet some"; hundred yards ahead of his company, and was taken prison er ; but not before lie bad killed three Mexi cans, and mortally wounded a Colonel, llis mother, a poor widow, hut, though poor, a lady, (and why not ?) heard of his fate, and as ho was an onlj* sou, her heart yearned for his release. She wept at the thought, but while the tears were streaming down her cheeks, suddenly she recolLcted that she was a Mason's widow, Hope lighted up m her bosom at the thought—she dried her tears and exclaimed : "1 will go and test the talismanic power of the order my husband loved and rendered so much." In her dusty attire she entered the depart ment of the Secretary of War, and with sotne difficulty obtained an interview. As she entered the apartment in which he was seat ed, and he saw how dusty she appeared.— "Well ma'am,' was the solution he gave her; hut whet, she removed her veil, and saw the visage of the lady in Iter face, he half raised himself in his chair and point,! to a seat.— She told him of her son's capture and wished to go to him. " I can't Ji, !p you. ma'am," he replied, "a very expensive journey to the city of Mexico. Your sun wiii he released by and by on ex change of priv iters." " Sir," sa*d the widow, avt'ie terra of woe rolled down her cheek, "can you nut help me to a passport," " Of course, he replied, that will b* grant ed to y< u at the Secretary of the State office, but you sre poor, bow do you expect to pay the expenses of such a joarnev ? It is a vis ionary scheme. Hood morning ma'am." ' S ; r, said the lady, will y<>u he so kind as to rcccomme;..] tne to the ollievr in command of the regiment that will -ail from Baltimore in a few d*:j s ?" Imposuible, tna'am, impossible," he re plied. Then turniusr to the page, he said. ■' who did you ray was waiting f.-.r an audi ence t Ted mn lam at Li-ure, n> w " " Sir, .-aiu the lady, I have one m -re ques tii it to ask you b -tore 1 leave y >ur office, and 1 pray you an-.-vcr it—arc you a Mason "Yes. ma'am." " Then, sir." " | ermif tne to say [ am a Mason's widow—with this d-.-eb'.rxtiou 1 leave your office. That moment the Secretary's manner Was changed to that of the most courteous nift - iest. He entreated her to he seated unt.l he c write a few Lues to the Secivta y of State.— In a few n oni'iitfe he presented iicr with a note to the Secretary, recommending her to his sympathy at.d friendship. The Secretary of State rectivi-T her most, kindly, and gave her a let let to the commandant at New Oilc ans directing him to procure her a free pass to Vera Cruz by the first s tamer. Through the agency of the two Sect, tarius the Lodges placed rn her bands three hundred dollars, with a talis naticcard from the Grand Mas ter at Washington, and the widow left the city. When she reached Pittsburg, the stage agent seeing the letter she bore from the Grave Master would receive nothing for her passage—the Captain of the steamer on which she embarked fir New Uileans,no soon er deciphered it tiiau he gave her the best state room he had. and when she reached the Present City, she had two hundred and ninety dollars left of her three hundred.— She there waited on the general in command of the station, with the letter of the Secreta ry of State, who immedia't-iy instructed the Colonel in command of the forwarding troops to see that she bad a free passage to Vera Cruz by the first steamer. By all the officers she was treated with the greatest politeness and delicacy, -or they were aii Masons and felt bound to her by ties as strong and deli cate as those which bind a brother to a sis ter and rejoiced in the opportunity offered them of evincing the benign an 1 noble princi ples of the oratt. After a pa-sago of five she reached Vera Cruz, an 1 having a letter from the com tnandant at New Orleans to tho American Governor she sent it to him, enclosing the ulisinatic card she received from the Grand Master at Washington. The Governor im mediately waited on her at tho hotol and off ered her a transportation to the city if Mex ico by a train that would start the next morning. Tho Colonel who commanded tha train kindly took her in charge 3nd offered her ever} facility and comfort ss the gory field -ho was seen galloping on her white pony, avoiding the retreating platoons by a semi-circle around their flatni—the next mo ment she was seen coursing over the ground in the rear, the battery in full play. Ilun hods *eei,ig her, stopped, forgetful of the storm of iron balls that howled around them an apparation. All expected bur to fali eve ry moment, but on she went with feat less air. "That woman's love for her son has made her wild," said the officer who attempted to arrest her flight. •'She will surely be killed," exclaimed an other. "A mother's love is stronger than the pains of death," exclaimed a soldier. "The God of battles will protect her," said a Tennessean. "She will reach Santa Anna safe and sound as a roach." She soldier was right—she went over the li. hl of death and reached S..nta Ana unhurt . lie received her politely, and when she told him her errand and presented her talismanic card. "Madam," said he, "I am a mason, and know the obligation of the Older in peace and war. When your son was taken prisoner he mortally wounded my maternal nephew, who is now dead, but he shall be restored, fori wdl not ref use your request in the face of the letters you bear. lie immediately gave her an escort to the city, with an order to restore her son to her arms. The order was promptly obeyed, and that very day, as he promised, sheerer bracedjier long lost son. So much for a mother's love ; and so much for the protecting,arm and noble sympathetic heart which Maouns ever extend to lovely, helpless woman. Oh ! if widowhood be the doom of woman, who wi uld not he a Mason's widow ? Who would not be a Mason's wife, mother, daughter or sister iu the hour of peril and need ? Fourteen Great Mistakes, It is a great mistake to set up our own standard of right and wrong, and judge peo ple accordingly. To measure tree enjoyments of others by our own. To expect uniformity of opinion in this world. To look for judgment and experience in youth. To endeavor to mould all dispositions alike. Not to yield in immaterial uifles. To lonk for perfection in our actions. To worry ourselves and others with what cannot be reined ed. Not to alleviate ail that needs alleviation as far as lies in our power. Not to make allowances for the infirmatios of others. To consider everything impossible that we cannot perfoi m. To believe only what our finite minds can grasp. To expect to be able to understand evety thing. The greatest of all mistakes is to live only or Tunc, and that when any momeDt may aunch us into cte r nitv. THE FENN'A Oil. REGION'S. To most of our readers the coal oil region of Rennsylvania is almost as much of a mys tery as Otaheite, or the paradisaical islands of the South Sea, so charmingly pictured by Herman Melville. They have heard of big fortunes being made there, and have some vague idea of a region all filled with spout tn wells of inflamable oil; but few have any realizing sense of the true state of things and many look upon it as a humbug of the "Morsis Multicaulus" sort. Yet there it is right in the upper and Western part of the old Keystone State, along.the Alleghany and its tributaries—as real as tbe gold mines of California and a great deal more tempting to the seeker after sudden wealth. For here are fortunes made almost litterally in a day ; and here, too, are the gulls and the flats cheated out of their money, every day and every hour, as in other parts of this wicked world. Petroleum, or rock oil, in its crude state exists far down in the bowels of the earth, in strata of -sand rock," at a depth of from 400 to 50 feet, Th ere are no natural spout ing wells—the oil is only obtained by labori ous boring ; and for this business capital is required. Those who have acquired the greatest wealth in the shortest time in the oil regions, are persons who had the luck t > possess or inherit lands beneath which the evidence of rich oil do posits were found, and which consequently sold, after the old mania, had fairly set in for almost fabulous sums. Two thousand dollars was considered a large sum, four years ago, for a farm of from three to fi.ur hundred dollars each, and par lies who now own them, principally joint stock cotnpani.s, of course hold them at a higher figure. There are parties, also, who hold individual frac>ioual interests, such as one-eighth, one sixteenth, one thirtieth, &u., and tbe value of their proportions can only be correctly ascertained by the books kept at the wells. But in some instances, if these values were considered, the property would be held at the almost incredible sum for a farm, of from two to three iniliious of dol lars. The value of the soil alone bordering on Oil Creek, say two miles on each side, and extending from its Mouth to Titusville, about twenty-one mile-*, is estimated at two bun Jivd and fifty millions of dollars. This small area has } ieldoJ, since 18G0, about six million dollars' w-rth of oil. And this is but a part of the oil region. All co&l fields of Pennsylvania, yielding an annual value of more than 850.000,000, produces less wealth than her wells id rock oil. It is produced in ibstlutely inexhaustible quantities, and at such a comparatively tri fling expense, (after the machinery has paid for itself,) that the article ought to be sold in our grocery stores for one-half its present price, which ia about 81,50 per gillon.— Four distinct and separate profits are made on it be fire it reaches the consumer ; and with all these it ought to be cheaper than it is—allowing fair proff sto tha company, the middlemen, the freight-carriers and the store-keeper. It is second only to gas for illuminating purposes and it has already driven whale oil pretty much out ofthe mar kot. HOW OIL IS OBTAINED. Parties going there either buy or lease the land ; >f leased, giving usually one half the oil as a royalty to the land owner, Alter getting au engine and the machinery necessa ry to put down the well, consisting of driv. ing wheels' connecting the engine with a walking-beam, said beam having about thir ty-inch stroke, the process of drilling is com menced. An iron pipe, six inches in diamc ter inside, and one inch thick of metal, is driven into the earth from forty to sixty feet, with a ram, like a -pile driver, until the solid rock is reached This being cleaned out by means of a pump about 6ix fact long, with a valve in the bottom, the tools, weighing some eight hundred pounds, and some thirty-live feet in length, are attached to an inch and a half cable, and the process of drilling in the solid rock consmtnctd. A centre-bit, about three and a half inches wide, and very sharp 's first used; aud after running this from three to six feet, a rammer, four and a ha'f inches across the face, nearly round, is used to make the hole tound and smooth, the sand pump being used to draw out the drill ings as the work progressed. After a depth of one hundred and sixty feet, after passing through a slate rock, the first sand rock is found. This is about thir ty feet thick. After passing through a soap rock some one hundred and twenty feet, the second sand rock is reached. This varies from tin to twenty five feet in Hifckness.— Passing through another soap and slate rock comes the third sand rck, at a depth of adout four hundred and thirty feet. In this rock the oil is found in ths largest quantities- Some small wells have been obtained in the second sand rock. After the well is down to the depth of four hundred aud sixty feet, it is tubed with two inch gas pire, at.d if it doea not flow spontaneously, pumped to see i f there be oil in it. THE RESULTS OF BORING. It sometimes happens that the hiring proves unsuccessful, even after months of !i --i bor. Then these wells arc abanjoncd and new ones sunk, and so on until oil i 9 struck. When this is done the oil first flows slowly, or, in some Instanees, it rushes up with such force and volume as to send the 6tream as high as the derrick, some forty feet, and car rying with it all the heavy borring apparatus. A well like this produces sometimes as high as fourteen hundred barrels per day, when it will suddenly subside or cease flowing all to gether. Then the pump is resorted to and the oil puntped up at the rate, generally, of five to twenty barrels per day. In the mean time other wells are being sunk, and in pro ducing flats or bluffs, will yield from forty tc fifty bsrrels per day, and in other localities be entirely unproductive. It frequently hap pens that veins of salt water of the highest saline gravitation are hit, (as at Franklin,) from which the very best quality of salt could be produced by applying some of the apparatus in use at the salt works at Syra cuse, N. Y. But people boring for oil think of nothing bu oil, and if their wells should force up golden nuggets they would proi ably feel disappointed. The Sewickley well, on French creek was sunk six hundred and ten feet, and flowed for four months one hundred barrels per Jay; but stopped, aud has not been abandoned, with other, in that locality. But so confi dent are the owners of the land that oil is to be obtained 'here, that speculation has re vived, and eighty wells are now going down on what is known as the Tall-man farm, be t ween Meadville and Franklin. This farm has a front of one revile and a third on French creek. Although the oil producod here is in small quantities, the quantity is snperior— equal to the celebrated " Mecca" oil of Ohio. The investigations cn Oil Creek prove the supply to be iarge. and that the resui's of boring aie almost as favorable as a year ago ; and the fact thai a well has been sunk at so great a distance as Erie, Pa., indicates that the process of b ring over the whole interme diate region may be contiaued with results nut dissimilar from the above. OIL CITY. Oil City is bu'dt on Oil creek at its conflu ence with the Alleghany river,at the base of a mountaiu, with nothing to spare f or a flat unless it be the victim of some bagus oil •oompany. It has but one ssreet and the grading of it has just commenced, and all the rocks, boards, boxes and debris generally,are thrown into the middle of it. Thr buildings upon one side of tfjc street all rest upon stiLsor spiles, and occasionally one caves in as the post office did the other evening. On the other side a man begins to build with a depth of first floor of twelve feet, the next twenty, the next thirty, according to the " perpendicularity" of the mounta in. The puprelation are all busy making money but they ge to church and close their grog i shops on Sunday. The town is all wrath and mud—the creek all 6cows and scowling boatmen. It is well a " pond freshet" does not occur every day. li ke the one last May, when thousands of boats piled pell mell over each other, crashing and smashing, the oi bursting from barrels and casks, and waist tng by mil lions of gallons, and the boatmen swearihg and hallooing like so many Chock taws. Titusville, Meadville, Franklin, and Corry, the latter a howling wilderness when this war broke out, and still rough and full of stumps, but having three railroads, centering there—the Philadelphia and Erie, the Atlau ta and Great Western, and the Oil Creek railroad. Land has risen from $2 to 50,50 on acre. Samuel DJ*ncr of Boston, owns the extensive oil factory located in Corry, and rents if to the company that now carries it on. It is valued at 8500,000. The works cost 8175,-000, employs 175 men, and paVc them 81-75 to 83 per day. Have refined 100 barrels per day for the last month, using 240 barrels crude. The products of distill ing arc—l, still gas ; 1, gasoline, or naptia ; 3, water separated ; 4, burning oil; 5, iucri cating oil, by chilling or pressing with ice similar to the process of making linseed oil. Fifteen tons of ice are daily consumed in this way. The product of the oil region, from data obtaine 1 at this refinery, has been about 4000 barrels per day for the past year. THE MILLIONAIRES. Many of the richest oil princes were labor ers, three years ago, without a dollar ; now theyjovvn millions. James Tarr, by sales of leases and shares has made out of h's seem ingly a poor farm a fortune like Croesus ; say f"ur millions. Mr. E. Olmstead, another very rich man, from Meadville. went two or three years ago into the oil region, and had to bor rtw fifty dollars to enable him to secure a lease for himself and sons. The wealthiest is a youth by tho name of John Steele, not yet 21,—a very lucky fellow. Au orpahn and a poor lad held by adopted parents, he he has fallen heir to a portion of tho rrost valurble oil land in the region. His income is eight hundred thousand dollars per year, and csntinually increasing. C. V. Culver, another millionaire, was nominated by the Republican party for Congress with a view to the patriotic use of his wealth in tha canvass. Dr. Egbert, of llousevilfc, had not three yr's ago, funds enough to.liquidate a three hun dred dollar debt. IDs income is now cstima. ted at three thousand dollars per day, or a million per year. lie has refused to take greenbacks, having a room in his house al ready nearly filled with them ; and requirea 7-30P, 10 40s, or other government securities for his oil land and leases. He is a careful and worthy man, and when he cornea into the fashionable world his avent will not be unlike that of Monte Christo fromhis diamond cave in the Mediterranean. JOE VISITS a TEMPERANCE FAMILY Joe Harris was a whole fouled, merry fel low, and fond of a glass. After living in New Orleans for many years, he came to the con c'nsiun of visiting an old uncle, away up in Massachusetts, whom ho had not seen for many years. Now there is a difference be tween New Orleans and Massachusetts, in regard to the ust of ardent spirits, end when Joe at rived there, he found all the peopJo around about temperence, he felt bad, think iug with the old song, that, "keeping the th spirits up, by pouring the spirits down," was one of the best way to make time pass, and began to feai indeed that he was in a pickle. Cut on the morning of his arrival, the old man and his sons being out at work, his aunt came to him and said : "You have been living in the South, and no doubt are in the habit of taking a little some thing to drink about eleven o'clock. Now I keep a little here, for medicinal purposes, but let no one 1 m*w it, as my husband wants to set the children a good example.'' Joe promised, and thinking he would get no more that day, took, as he expressed it, a "buster.'" After he had walked out to the Btabk who should he meet but his uncle. "Well Joe," said he, "I expect you are accustomed to drink something in New Or leans, but you will find us all temperate here and lor the sake of my sons, I don't let them know that I have brandy about; but I just keep a little out here for rheumatism. Will you accept a little ?"' Joe signified his readiness, and took an other big horn. Then continuing his walk he came to where the boys were mauling rails After couvcrsing awhile, oue of the coHsins said : "Joe, I expect you would like to have a drink, and as the old folks are down on liquor we keep some out here to help us work." Out came the bottle, and down they aat and he says that by the time he went homo to dinner he was as tight as he could well be, and all came from visiting a temperance /am ill/. MARRIED ON HORSEBACK—A wedding took place at Sherwood, in Illiuois, recently, the contracting parties being Mr* Josiab W. Cranciall and Miss Hellen li. llurst. The ceremony was performed in front of the offi dating clergyman's residence, and the bride and three bridesmaids, dressed and mounted en cavalier. The bride's costume consisted of a deep blu? cloth dress coat, deep blue esssimere ponts, buff cassimere vest, black dress hat, choker collar, black neck tie, ruf fled shirt bosom, and buff kid gloves— plain flat fiilt buttons of a rich quality on the coat and vest. The bridesmaids were dressed precisely like the bride, excepting only that they wore plain shirt bosoms and lavender colored gloves. The novelty of the ceremony attraeted a large crowd of the neighbors.— After the ceremony was over, the bridal party rode to the residence of Mr. Crandall's mother, where the formal wedding feast took place. The bride and bridesmaids wore fheir riding suits throughout the whole day. C3T An "Idea Modeller" writes was teaching school in a quiet country village The second morning of the season 1 found leisure to note my surroundings, and among the scanty furniture I espied a three legged stool. "Is that the dunce's block ?" I said to a little girl of five The eyes sparkled, and tie curls nodded assent, and the lips rippled ou',' I guess so—the teacher always sits on that." Star An escaped telegraph operator from Richmond says Lee has been largely reinfor ced within a short time by the rebel conscrip tion. H How TO HAVE RT'RE CISTERNS —This spring my cisteru got quite fllthy.and a great many angleworms in it and could scarcely uso the water. I procured a coeple' of live gsh and put them in the cistern, aud since that time it has been lree from worms and dirt and smell. The fish will live and grow finely. According to the Lincoln papers, one half, or nearly on half, of the population of the r.oith are traitors. This, united to the whole population of tho south, >u tbo Union, the Lincoln men profess to be anxious to restore, would make A country two thirds of whose inhabitants were taaitora and one third loyal, Ilow long could 6uch a country as ahat endure ? JEST An Editor savs sugar has gone up so high as to ptodpee a slight increase in the price of sand. Some esteem it sweet to die for one's country ; o/hers regard it swee'er to livo for the country; but many of our loyal men told it sweoter to live unon their country, •• <> i \ VOL. 4 NO. 17