THE JUESSAGE.
President Cleveland Discusses
PDblic Affairs.
"TARIFF REFORM" URGED.
Hawaiian Matters Reserved
For a Special Message.
Chlnesertrgtst ration Law -Thel nltril
' Htates ami llra.ll - reflects of the
Mlver Purchase- Itrpenl -Affairs
lit Home unit Abroad --Work of
the Various liun-mis Summarized
, Public Kt-otiortiy Advocated -Ad-i
lulnlMt ration's Pension Policy.
iThi I'reidnt'i nnnii.il mpss;ig, whl.-h
lias Iku rni In both Hons.- of Conross,
is mainly u follows :
To the ('ongps of tho full.. 1 Ktnts t
The "ii-titutional duty wliioh r-qulros
thi- I'r'sld-'iit from flnv to tlui- to give to
Hi Congrs iiifoniiHtl'iii of the st.ito f tin
I'nlcin, mi I D i'ti i.:ii-nl to tlwlr ''hsld'-ni-tioti
sti'-li tniA4iir"H ns he shall judgn ns,'.-.
snry nud iiM-diidit. IsllKingly i-nti-red upon
by i-otnn ling to tho rnngr n cnn-fiil
cxnmirmtlon i.f tin- iM:illl stnti-nn-uts nnd
Woll-'ii portal n-rtiuiuridittlohs rvntiilind
In the ri'portM of the Innids of 1f.art tuotitx,
who rtm -hhfly clmr.-od with tin- ov"titlvn
work of tho (t )v.r:i'n'iit. In nn t-rTort to
abridge this imnniiii.Mtiu its much ns Is
consistent with Its urns.-, I ahull supple,
meut n brief reference to tho ronteuis of
Iheso dcpnrtuicntiil reports l.y th mention
of sueh executive- business nnd Incidents a
as nro not crnhru ed therein, aud by sueh
recotii'iiondntlous mi iippeur to be nt thU
particular time nproprint.
While our foreign relations hnvn not at nil
'Imis during the p-ist year lwu entirely free
from perplexity, no e'tnb'irriisslng situation
remains Hint will u"t v, to tho spirit of
' fairness nnd love of juMI-c, which, Joined
with consistent limine, characterize u truly
toicrleuu foreign illcy.
. URA.ll.lAN AtrAlHS.
J Thn outbreak of domestic hostilities In th
Republic of llrnr.ll foun.l tho l'nltd Htute
alort to watch the interest of our citizens In
that country, with which we carry on Im
portant commerce. Heverril vnescls of our
new nnvy are now. ami for some time have
own, stationed at Klo de Janeiro. Thostrug
(Tie being Is-twcen the etttnhlishod (Joveru
niont. which control the machinery of ad
ministration, ami with which we maintain
friendly relation, and certain officers of the
navy employing Hi- vessels of their com
mand in an attack upon the National capital
and chief KiMiport, and lacking, ns It does,
the elements of divided administration, I
tiuve failed to see that the Insurgents can
reasonably claim recognition n belligerents.
'Thus tur the position of our 'government
tins lvi, that ol an attentive but impartial
olwrrvcr f the unfortunate conMlct. Em
phasizing our IU-d policy of Impartial neu
trality in such n condition of affair as now
exists, 1 deemed It necmevirv to disavow, in
a manner not to be misunderstood, the nn
authorl;ix action of our lato naval com
tnnuder In those waters in saluting the ro
voltedllra.ilinn dmlrnl. belux Indisposed to
oounteuanon an ift ulciilatml to uiv i gratui
tous sal ct ion to the looal iusurrectit a. K
' ' ' ' 1.a . i.'il.4 doyxtHSioiV. "
entloii . twon our Govcw nent
die, haviiiif for Its object the settle
, d adjustment ot tho demands of the
atriea ajralint each other, has been
(lectlve by tho orrniilJitloii of the
oiumlmiou providml lor. The two
meuts fitllluK to atrrix' upon the third
er of the Commission, tho (food offices
rresident of the Kwlss lUipublia were
ed, b provided in the treaty, and the
ion of the l reprceeiitntlvo iu this
y to con.picto the orxauirjttlon was
,-lag ttlik') -j the fuited fltabnt and
TIIK IHINKSr. tXCLUSIOM LAW.
Inundation of l.mt y.ar. known as tlie
law, riHulrni(j the registration of all
u laborer entitled to resilience In the
State, and tlio deportation of all not
iiiK with the provisions ot the net
the time prescribed, met with much
lion from Chinamen iu this country.
K upon the advice ol eminent counsel
ho law was unconstitutional, the great
of C'IiIiu'b i lalioren), eudliif Judicial
-y as to Its validity In kooiI faith de
to apply for the cerrltlcatcs rcuirxl
jrovUlons. A teet conu upou pro.'ood
habeas corpus wa brought beforetho
no Court, and on May lMh, H'll, a de
was uiudo by that tribunal butalutujj
illf'vod that undcrtlio recent amond
i tho n-t extending the time lor retris
.j, the Chiutstelatuirerotherctoeiititlod,
delre torexidcin thiscuuntry, will now
I themselves of the rcuowod privilege
is afforded ol establishini; by lawlul pro-
lurethetrriKht to remain, mid that thereby
s neceKHlty of enforced deportation uiay to
great diroo be avoided.
tiruuiiNDKH op wkkks nr.rooMzr.n.
Costa Itiva has lately testille.1 its frlendll
tss liy surrendcriUK to the I'nited htati-s. In
lalisenceof a convention of extradition,
t upon dulv submltte I evidences of criml
illty, a noted fugitive Iron justice, it is
ustud that the ncotiiitloii of a tr.uity witli
nit country to meet recurrinit cstis of this
lnd will soon lie accomplished. In my
nlniou treaties for ns-ljr.ical vxtriflitlou
ould bo conclinbxt with ull these countries
til which the l ii It nl Htatcs hnsuot already
iventionnl arraiiK'ements of that character,
have deemed It llttillK to express t.) the
vernmeiith id Costa lilMimd Colombiathe
lly di'Ktru of tilt I'nited Stut-f to sec their
limit bouudiiry dispute tlnally clo-ied by
trutiou In conformity witti the Hpirit ol
treaty coueludml between them some
wro.
.r relations with the French Itepubllo
nuo to lie Intiinuti) and cordial. I sin
hope that the extradition treaty with
country, as amended by theScuate, will
. Ixi operative.
hilo occasional r'netdions affectinif our
InralirxMl citi.cus returulLK to the laud of
eirblrth have arisen iu our Intercourse with
irmany. our relations with that couutry
itiniie satibfactory.
'lie 'uestious atTi.s-tlnif our relations with
at Jtntaiu huvo been treatei in u spirit ot
nihilists.
Kotiatlous are In progress between the
iovernments with a view to such coil'
ut action as will make the award and
ut ions lurrve I upon by the li-rlm Sea
ual of Arbitration practically elTective ,
' not doubted that Great liritniu will
ate freely with tins country for tut
Ibthmeut of that purpose,
dispute Kfowinu out of the dU.'rltnl
; tolls imposed in the Wcllaud Caual,
car-foe of cereals bouml to and from
ake ports of the L'ulteJ Htattw, was ad
1 by the suistitutioa of a more ei-uita
tuhedule ot charges, and my pre le :usor
reupou suspended bis iiro-iainst ion l:n
islnn disorluilnr.tluK tolls upou UritlsU
ansit through our epulis.
Arixiueet for ad lltlousto tho list of extra
"le olTonoes covered by the existiut;
betweeu the two oouutrles is uuler
lerattou.
TBI XICSKiOt CAKSU
ias recently passed ;hrou',l
two revolutions, the rmrtjr at first sucoess.
fa I bavin In tarn been ilisplane-1 by an
other. ur newly appointed Minister, by
his timely food offices, aided In a peaceful
adjustment of the controversy involved In
the first ronfllet. The lar-re American In
terests established In that country In eon
iiection wl'b the Nicaragua Canal were not
molested.
The canal company has, unfortunately, lie.
ootne financially seriously embarrassed, but
a K"i)rotis treatment has been extended to
tt by tho Government of N'lcaraima. The
t'nlte.1 Rtatet are especially Interested In the
successful achievement of the vast nndertak
In this coinpsor hoe In char-re. That It
sttoold be accomplished under distinctively
A merlenn auspice, and Its enjoyment assured
Dot only to the vessels of this country as a
rhanuel of communication between our At
Inntlc nnd Pacific seaboards, but to the ships
of the world in tho Interests ot ci vibration,
Is a proposition which, in my Judgment, doc
not admit of ipiestion.
fiuaiemala has also been visited by the po
litical vicissitudes which have afflicted her
Central American neitrhlHirs ; but the disso
lution of Its Legislature and the proclama
tion of a dictatorship have been unattended
with civil war.
An extradition treaty with Norway has re
ecntly liecn exchanged nnd proclaimed.
The extradition treaty with Itusslu. slirned
In March, 1SM7, and amended and confirmed
by the Hemueln February last, was duly pro
claimed last June.
HAWAIIA AFFAIRS.
Tt Is hardly nncetwary for me to state that
the questions nrllntf from our relations
with Hawaii have caused serious embarrassment.-
.Tim prior to tne installation of tho
present A Iminist ration the exlstlnit Oovern
ment of ll.iwall had Issen suddenly over
thrown, nnd a treaty of annexation bad 1mm
negotiated Is-tween the Provisional Govern
ment of tho Islands ami the i'nited Htates,
and submitted to the Senate for r.itlllca
tlon. This treaty I withdrew for
examination and dispatched Hon.
James H. lllount. of tleonna. to lioiiolulu ns
special commissioner to make an Impartial
investstion of the circumstances alten Ilii
the choline of Ooverumeut.nnd of all thecon
illtious lHarlnir upon the subject of a treaty.
After at horouuh and exhaustive examination
Mr. ISloiint submitted to me his report, show
Iiik lieyotnl nil rpiesttouthnt the constitution
si (lovcrnnieiit of Hawaii had been subverted
with the net Weald of our representative to that
Government, and throuirh the intimidation
-auseil by the presence of nn armed naval
force ot the I nited Htates which was landed
for that purpose nt the Instance of our Min
ister. I pon the facts developed It seemed to
me the only honorable course for our Govern
ment to pursue was to undo the wrong thnt
tin-1 leen done by those represent!!! us nnd
to restore as far ns practicable the status ex
isting at thetlmeof our forciblelntervoiittou.
With II View of ll'-compllHllI'lif this result
within the Constitutional limits of Kxecutlve
power. nu:l reciii;nlr'.IUK all our obligations
and responsibilities growiiur out of nnv
changed conditions brought aliout bvourun- I
Jiistltlnlile Interference, our present Minister
at Honolulu has received appropriate in
l ructions to that end. Thus far no Informa
tion of the accomplishment of any definite
results has Isjon received from him.
Additional ndvlces are soon expected.
When received they will 1st promptly sent to
Ihe Congress, together with all other Infer
mntion at hand, accompanied by a special
Kxecutlve niess-igo fully detalllug all the
facts necessary to a complete understand
ing of the cas", nud presenting a history of
til the material events leading ujito'tho
present situation.
IMKnNATtOSAI. AnntTBATIoS.
Fy a concurrent resolution, pnssm bv the
Kenate February II. ls.si, ami bvtho itouse
of lU-iiresentntlvm on the Hd of April follow
ing, tne President was requested --to Invite,
from time to time, us lit occasions may
irise, negotiations with any Government
with which tho United Htnte has
or may have diplomatic; relutlons,
to the end that any differences
or disputes arising between the two Govern
tiients which cam "t lie uillnst-d Jv IIbI-
and be peaoenbly adjusie.1 by such i enns.
April in, 18-sl, the IntsruBtional A erioan
(Viufereucu of Wushlngton by resolution ex
preissetl the wish that nil controversies le
tween tho ltepubllcs of Amerl.'a and the Na
tions of Kurort might be settled by arbitra
tion, and recommended that the Govern
ment of each Nation represented
In that conference should communicate this
wish to all friendly powers. A favorable re
sponse has IsM-n received from Great llritalu
In the shape of a resolution adopted by Par
liament July Hi last, cordially sympathizing
with the purpose in view, nud expressing the
hope that her Majesty's Government will lend
ready co-operatlou totheGoverumentof the
1' nltod States upon tho basis of the concur
rentresolutioii above quoted.
It affords me signal pleasure to lay this
parliamentary resolution before the Congress
and to express my sincere gratlllcutlon that
the sentiment of two grMit and kindred Na
tions Is thus authoritatively manifested in
favor of. the rational and ponceublc settle
ment of International quarrels by honorable
resort to arbitration.
TUB KISASCtAL grESTIOM.
The Secretary of the Treasury reportsthat
the receipts of the Government from all
sources during the lls.-l year ended June
30. lK'.hl, amounted to $ Mil. "111,501. 1M and Its
expenditures to t5S),371,K74.,2'.l. There was
collected from customs '20.'i,Hf.5,01i!.7:i, mid
from Internal revenue lG1.027,li'j:i.'Ai. Our
dutiable Imports amounted to $41!1,HM.7I1,
an lncrcnsoof rr2,4.YI,!Xl7 over the preoedliig
year, and Importations free of duty
Amounted to l tt.51 1,21 1, a decrease r0,
the preceding year of 41;.4fi5.447. Internal
-eveiiuo ns'eipts exceeded those of the pre
ceding year by i7.1 -I7.4.Vi.:I2.
It Is Kstimated upon the IiilsIs of present
revenue law that tho receipts of the Govern
ment for the year ending June :h, 1H1I4, will
tie 4 10.1Jl.:tC,5.:iS and Its expenditures Urm,.
I'.'l.:tii5.un, resultintf In u dellelcucy of 'J,
JU0,(M). HII.VKU I tlt. IIAKK tiErEAU
The recent repoul of the provision of law
requiring the purchase of silver bullion ty
the Government ns a feature of our monetary
scheme, has made un entire change. In the
complexion of our currency affairs. I do
not doubt that the ultimate ri-eult of this
Action will be most salutary nnd fur-reaching.
Iu the nature of things, however, it Is
Impossible to know at this time, precisely
whut conditions will be be brought ubout
by the change, or What, if any, supple
mentary b gn-latlon may, in the light of such
conditions, appear to be essential or ex
pedient, ot course, niter the receut lluaneutl
perturbation time I necessary for the re-establishment
of business eotilldMiec. When,
however, through this restored conlldenou
Ihe which money has been frightened Into
boarding places is returned to trade and en
terprise, a survey of the situation will prob
ably disclose a safe path leading to n per
nmnt ly sound curreucy, abundantly sufficient
to meet every requirement of our increasing
pulatlou and busluess.
In the pursuit of this object we should
resolutely turn nway from alluring mil
temporary expedients, determln -d to be con
tent with nothing leu than a lasting and
comprehensive lltianclal plan. Iu tlie;i cir
cumstances I am convinced that a reasonable
delay In dealing with this subject, instead of
lieiug injurious, will Increase the probability
of wise action.
IMMlllHATIO.S AND Wl'AUATINK.
The Superintendent of Immigration,
through the Seeretury of the Treasury, re.
ports that during the lust llsc.il year there
arrived ut our ports 440, 7!U immigrants, ill
these, l0ti; were not permitted to land, un
der the limit ttloui of the law, an I 57J wer.i
relumed to the countries from whence they
came by reason of their having become pub
lic charges, Tue total nrrivals were 141,0111
less thuu lor the previous year.
The Secretary In bis report gives an ac
count ot the or.cri.tlou of the Marine Hospi
tal service and of the good work done under
Its supervision iu preventing the eo'ratice
und spread of contagious dlsuas.si.
The udmouitlous ot the last two years
to'4 .ilU',0 our p i iiio health ou l the du.uou-
si rated danger ef the Introduction of coo',
tsglov diseases from forslrtn porta hare In
"rested the tnhjeet of National qnarnntint
With Increased IntercMt. A mora ironcm! anr1
harmonious system than now exists, acting.
promriiy ana oirectiy everywhere, and con
stantly operitlng by preventive moans t
shield our country from the Invasion of dis
ease, and at the same time hsving due re
gard to the rights an I duties of local airen.
cles, would. I believe, add greatly to the
saieiy oi our people,
wo or Tnr. asitt.
'
th-i
The Secret sry of War reports thst
strength of the armv on the .'toth dnv of Ken
tember last was 35,779 enlisted men and 9144
officers.
Neither Indian outbreaks nor dotnestlu vio
lence have called the army Into service dur
ing the year, and the only active military
duty required of It lias been In the Depart
ment of Texas, where violations of the neu
trality laws of the United States and Mexico
were promptly and efficiently dealt with bv
tho troops, eliciting the warm approval of
the civil nnd military authorities ot both
countries.
rosTorrtrn otcrASTMi'tr.
The report of the Postmaster General con
tains a detailed statement of the operations
of the Postofflce Iepartment daring the last
fiscal year and much Interesting Information
touching this Important branch of the pub
lic service. i
The business of tho malts indicates with1
Absolute certainty tho condition ot the bnsl-'
nensof the country, and depression In finan
cial affairs Inevitably ami quickly reduoes
llHVposlal revenues. ' Therefore a larger:
discrepancy than usual lietween theposloffloe
receipts nnd expenditures is the expected
nnd unavoidable result of tho distressing
stringency which has prevailed throughout
the country during much of thetlme covered
by tho Postmaster General's report.
I desire to commend as especially worthy
of prompt ntteutlon the suggestion of the
Postmaster General relating to n more sensi
ble and business-like organisation nnd a
Mter distribution of responsibility in his
department.
tnr. navy.
The report of the Secretary of tho Naxy
contains a history of the opera ions of his
department during tho past year, and ex
hibits a most g ratifying condition of the per
sonnel of our navy. Ho presents a satisfac
tory account ot the progress which has been
made in tho construction of vessels, and
makes a number of recommendations to
Which attention is especially Invited.
Progress In tho construction of new vevtels
has not Imm ns rapid as was anticipated.
There have lieen delays iu the completion of
unnrmored vmwols, but for the most part tnoy
have been such as are constantly oivurring
even In countries having the largest experi-cni-ein
naval ship-huildlug. The most serious
delays, however, have been in tho work upon
armored ships. The trouble has been the fail
ure of controiiors to deliver armor as agreed.
The difficulties seem now, however, to have
been all overcome, and armor is being deliv
ered with satisfactory promptness. As a re
sult 'it the experience acquired by ship
builders nnd designers and material men. It Is
tielieved that the dates when vessels will be
completed can now tm estimated with reason
able neourncy. Great guns, rapid-fire guns,
torpedoes and powder are being promptly
supplied.
While I am distinctly In favor of consis
tently pursuing the policy wo have Inaugu
rate 1 of building up u thorough aud efficient
navy. I cannot refrain from the suggestion
that the Congress should can-fully take into
nccount the numlier of unfinished vessels on
our hands and the depleted condition of our
Treasury In considering tho propriety of an
appropriation at thisttme to beglunew work.
j KNHIONS.
The Secretary of the Interior has the sup
ervision of so many important subjects that
his report is of especial value and interest.
On the 30tn day of June, 1-W8, there were
on the penslou rolls Uflu.OTi names, an In
crease of HU.U44 over the number on the rolls
Juno 30, IBM. Of these there were seventeen I
widows and daughters of He volutin). r
solrtle-. elghty-etx survivors of the V
JM I ii; i ia widows "orsolulers Of Xtm
'il..yi8 survivors and widows of thi
Meihti' war. WJ survivors and
vl.loivs ot Indian wars, 2M4 army
nurses,: und 475, M5 survivors, and widows
aud ctilldren of deceased soldiers and
sailors of the Hebellion. The latter number
represents those pensioned on account of
disabilities or death resulting from army
nnd nnvy service. The number of ersous
remaining on the rolls June HO, IH'M, who
were pem-toned under the act of June 27,
1!K. which nllows pensions on account of
death und disability not charguable to army
service, was 45'J. 1 55.
The uuiiiImt added to the rolls during tho
year was 12:i.ti:l4. und tho number dropped
was Xt.f.'.H). The ilrst payments on pensions
allowed during the year amounted to :).'!, -7.'ii,54l..
ilH. This includes arrears, or the
accumulation betweeu the time from which
tlio'iUrewance of pension dates and the time
of actually grantlngtha cert ill. -at
Although the law of 1!) permits pensions
for disabilities not related to military service,
yet ns a requisite to its bcueUts a disability
must exist Incapacitating applicants "from
the performance of manual labor to such a
degree as to render them unable to euru a
support." Tlu execution of this law In its
curly stages does not seem to have been iu
accord with its true Intention : but towards
the close of the last administration an autho
ritative construction was given tothe statute,
und since that time this construction has been
followed. This has had the effect ot limiting
the operutloa of tho law to its lutended pur
pose. The discovery having tteen made that
many names had lieen put upon the pension
roll by means of wholesale and gigantic,
frauds, tho Commissioner suspended pay
incuts upou a uumtsir of pensions which
suomeu to oe rrauuuient or unauthorized
pending a complete examination, giving no
tice to the pensioners, in order that they
might have an opportunity to estubllsh, it
possible, the Justice of their claims notwith
standing apparent invalidity.
This, I understand. Is the prrctlce which
has for a long time prevailed in the Pension
Ilureau ; but after entering upon these receut
investigations the Commissioner modified
this rule so ns not to allow, until after u com
plete examination, interference with the pay
ment of a peusion apparently not altogether
void, but which merely had been fixed at a
rate higher than that authorized by law.
I am unable to understand why frauds in
the pension rolls should not bo exposed an t
corrected with thoroughness und vigor.
Kvery name fraudently put upon these rolls
Is a wicked imposition upon tho kindly sen
timent iu which pensions have their origluv
every fradulen: pensioner bits lieaome a bad
citizen ; every false oath iu support of a pen
sion has made perjury more common and
false aud tiudeserviug pensioners rob the
people not only of their money, but
of the patriotic sentiment which the sur
vivors of a wur, fought for the preservation
of the I'nlou, ought to Inspire. Thoustndv
ot neighborhoods have their well-known
fraudulent pensioners, and recent develop
liieuts by the bureau establish appalling con
spiracies to accomplish pension frauds, liy
no means the least wrong done is to brave
and deserviug pensioners, who certainly
ought not to bo condemned o sui'li iwsouliA
tion. Those who attempt in the line ot duty to
ris-tlfy these wrongs should not be accused
of enmity or iudlfl'oreuou to the claims of
honest veterans.
The sum exjiended on account ot pensions
for the year euding Juutt SO, 11U3, was 150,
74').4f.7.14.
The Commissioner estimates that (165,
OO'J.tMK) will be required to pay pensions
during the year ending June 30, li'M.
THCIXUIANS.
The condition of the Indians and their ul
timute late are subjects which ure related to
ll sacred duty of the Government, aud which
strongly appeal tothe seuseof Justice an J
the sympathy of our people.
Our Indians number about J IS. 000. Most o.
them are lojoted on 161 reservations, eon
taiuiug Hft,ll,5Sl acres ot land. About 110,
000 ot these luJiuus have, to a isrgadntfre t,
adopted vtvilU si customs. J .an is in sev
eralty have been allotted to many of I hem.
Huch atlottments have been mode to 10.000
Individuals during tho last flscnl year, em
bracing about 1,000.000 acres.
The solution of tho Indian problem de
pend! Terr largely upon good administra
tion. The personal fitness of agents an I
their adaptability to the peculiar duty of ear
ing for their wanlr, la ot the utmost Import
nnn. The law providing th.-.t. ex'wpt In especial
cases, army officers shall lie detailed as In
dian agents, It is hoped will prove a success
ful experiment.
There Is danger of great abuses creeping
Intothe prosecution o( claims for Indian de
predations, and I recommend that every
possible safeguard I provided against tho
enforcement of unjust and fictitious claims
of this description.
roaisTbr aid AORicf LTrsit.
The report of the Secretary of Agriculture
Will be found exceedingly InterAsMtng, espe
cially to that large part of our cit Irons Inti
mately concerned In agricultural occupa
tions. I especially commend to tho attention of
the Congress the statement contained in the
Hecretary's report concerning forestry. The
time has como when efficient measures
should be taken for the preservation of our
forests from indiscriminate and remediless
destruction.
The regulations of 1M concerning Texas
fever have been enforced during the lost
year, and the large stockyards of the coun
try nave ueen Kept tree trom infection, fie.
' eaalonally local outbreaks have been large
ly sucn as count nave been effectually
guarded against by the owners of tue af
fected cattle.
While contagious pleuropneumonia In
cattle has been eradicated, animal tuber
culosis, a disease widespread nud more dan
gerous to human life than pleuro-pneiimonln,
la still prevalent. Investigations have been
made during the past year ns to the means
of Its communication nud the method of Its
'torrect diagnosis. Much progress has been
made In this direction by the studies of the
division ofnuimal pathology, but work ought
to bo extended in co-operation with local
auinoriiies until tne danger to human life
arising from this causj Is reduced to a tnlul
mnm. In tho year 1H3!) the Congress appropriated
lOOO, to lie taken from tho Patent Onb-e
funds, for tho purpose of collecting and dls
t minting rnro ami improved varieties of seeds
una lor prosecuting agricultural investiga
tions and procuring agricultural statistics.
From this small l-cgtnning the Send Division
of the Department of Agriculture has grown
to Its present unwieldy nnd unjustifiably ex
travagant proportions.
During the last flsnal year the cost of seeds
puroliBKed was SMl.SlH.ni. The remainder
of on appropriation of 1:15,000 was expend
ed in putting them up and distributing
thorn. It surely never could have entered
the minds of those who first sanctioned
appropriations of public moneys for
the purchase of new and improved
varieties of seeds for gratuitous distribution
that from this wonld grow largo appropria
tions for the purchase and distribution by
Members of Congress of ordinary seeds,
bull, and cuttings which are common In all
the States and Territories nnd everywhere
easily obtainable at low prices.
In each State and Territory an agricultural
experiment station has Im-n established.
These stations, by their very character and
name, are tho proper ageti'-ios to experiment
with and test new varieties of seeds and yet
this Indiscriminate and wasteful distribution
by legislation and legislators coDtluum. nu
swerlng no purpose unless It lie to remind
constituents that their representatives are
willing to remember them with gratuities at
public cost.
Under the ssn -tlon of existing legislation
there was sent out from the Agricultural
Department during the lost fiscal year
enough of cabbage sued to plunt 19,'JOO
acres of land, a sufficient quantity ot beans
to plunt 400(1 acres, beet Seed enough to
plant 2500 acres, sweet corn enough to plant
7 H00 acres, sufficient cucumber seed to
oover iiOUS acres with vinos, and enough
' ""elon and watermelon seeds In nlmif
- ros.U.The tqtaj jiunnt ltl:at flower aud
vegetable seeds thus distributed was oou
taiued In more than nine million packages,
and they were sufllc.lont, If planted, to cover
H9,6!W acres of land.
In view of these facts this enormous ex
penditure without legitimate returns of bene
fit ought to be abolished. Anticipating a
consummation so manifestly In the Interest
of good administration, more than 100.000
lias been stricken from the estimate made to
cover this object for the year ending June
'Mi, 18U5 i nnd the Secretary recommends that
the remaining (S.I.OOO of the estimate lie con
lined strictly to the purchase of new and Im
proved varieties of seeds, and thnt these bo
distributed through cxp riuicnt stutlons.
Thus the seed will be tested, and after tho
test hits been completed by the experiment
station, the propagation of the useful va
rieties and the rejection of the valueless may
lately be left to the common seiiso of tho
(eopie.
Tnr riviL SLUvtcE laws.
The continued Intelligent execution ot the
Civil Service law and the increasing ap
proval by the people, of its operation are
most gratifying. The recent extension of its
limitations and regulations to the employes
nt free delivery Mstofllce, which bos been
honestly and promptly accomplished by the
commission, with the hearty co-operat lou of
the Postmaster General, Is an immensely Im
port an t advance In tiie usefulness of the sys
tem, I am, II possible, more thuu ever con
vinced of the incalculable benefits conferred
bv the Civil Service law, not only in Its elTect
upon tho public service, but also, what is
even more important. In its effect in elevat
ing the tone of political life generally,
NEED Or l-KIILIC K ONOMY.
Economy iu public expenditure is a duty
I hut cannot Innocently 1st neglected by
those intrusted with the control ol
money drawn irom the people lor put.
Ilc uses. It must be coutessed that our
apparently cudlcss resources, the famil
iarity of our people with immense ac
cumulations ot wealth, the growing
seutlmeut among them that the expendi
ture of public money should in some m inner
be to their immediate ani persoutl advan
tage, the Indirect und almost stealthy man
ner ui which u large part of our taxes are ex
acted, and a degenerated ssuse ol official ac
countability have led to growiug extrava
gance in Governmental appropriations.
At this time, when a depleted public treas
ury ooufrouts us, wuen uiauy of our pmpln
are engaged iua hard struggle for the neces
saries of life, aud wtieu enforced economy is
pressing upon the great mass of our coun
try meu, I desire to urge with ull the earu -st-ness
at my uomm in I that congressional
legislation be so limited by strict economy as
to exhliiit nu appreciation of the condition
of the Treasury aud a sympathy with tht
straitened circumstances of our fellow-ut
iseus.
The duty of public economy Is also of Im
mense Importance in its Intimate aud neces
sary relation to the taslc now iu ban 1 of pro
viding revenue to meet Government expeudi
tures, und yet reducing the pup Ids burli.i
Of Fe ler.il tux it lou.
r a hi iv ciiAum.
After a hard itrugglc, t-irilt reform is di
rectly before us. Nothing- so linuoi uiut claims
our utteutio i, and nothing so ulx iriy prescuu
Itself ss boili an oiiiortiiuity and a duty ah
opportunity lo deserve tne gralitudu o, our
fellow citizens and a duty imposed uoon ut ty
our nit-repeated protenAious and by the em
plisUo mandate of the people. After a full
discussion, our countryineu have spoken In
rst'or of this reform, and they have ooullded
the work ot iu accomplishment tothe hand,
uf those who are solemnly pledged to It.
If there Is anything in the theory of a rep
resentation In uubliu places of ths people aud
their desires. If public officers are really the
servants of the people, and If political proin
loss and professions have any binding force,
our failure to give the relief so long awaited
will be sheer recreancy. Nothing should Inter
vene to distract our effort until this reform Is
accomplished by wise and careful legislation.
While we should staunchly adhere to the
JTimuple that only the necessity or revenue
nst I lie the Imposition ot tariff duties and
other Foder-U taxation, an I that they should
be limited by strict economy, we cannot close
uui- vye to tbvi taut tost coud.Uooi hsvo
frown upamnni us which In Justice and fair
ness oail for discriminating care In the distri
bution of such duties and taxation as the
emergencies of our Government actually de
mand. Manifestly. If we are to aid the people di
rectly through tarltr reform, one of Its most
obvious features should he a reduction In
rresent tario" chsrges upon the neeessarles of
ife. The benefits of such a reduction would
rpalrble and substantial, seen and felt by
thousands who would be better fed and bettor
clothed and bettor sheltered. These glfu
should be the willing benefactions of a Gov
ernment whose highest function is the pro
motion of the welfare of the people.
Not less closely related to our people's pros
perity and well-being 11 the removal of re
strictions upon the importation of the raw
materials neoossary to our manufactures.
The world should tie open to our national In
Tenuity and enterprise. This cannot be while
Federal legislstloQ, through ths imposition of
high tariff. fort-Ids to American man ufsc turn
ers as cheap materials as those used by their
competitors.
It Is quite obvious thst the enhancement of
the price of our manufactured products re
sulting from this poller not only confines the
msrket for these products within our own
borders, to the direct disadvantage of our
manufacturers, but also Increases their cost
to our clttseos.
The interests of labor are certainly, though
indlrectlr. Involved In this feature of our tar
iff system. The sharp competition and ac
tive struggle among our manufacturer! to
tupplv the limited demand fur their goods,
soon fill tne narrow market to which they are
eonsigned. Then follows a suspension of work
In mills and factories, a discharge of em
ploveajuid distress In the homes our worklog
men. Even If the often disproved assertion could
be made good thst a lower rate of wages
would result from free raw materials and low
tarff duties. tHe Intellis-enoe of our working
men leads them quickly to discover that their
lU-sdy employment, permitted by free raw
materials. Is the most Important factor In
their relation to tariff legislation.
A measure has been prepsred by the appro
priate Congressional committee embodying
mritl reforms on the lines herein sugs-ested,
which will be promptly submitted for legisla
tive action. It Is the result of much patriotic
nu unsviusn wors, ana i ooiiovt it aeais wuit
its stihjoct consistently and at thoroughly at
rusting conditions permit.
lam satisfied that the reduced tariff duties
provided for In the proposed leglslntion, sdded
to existing Internal revenue taxation will, in
tne near future, thouirh perhaps not immcdi
stelv, produce sufficient revenue to meet the
ne-ds of the Government,
The committee, after full consideration, and
to provide aim Inst a temoorary deficiency
which msv exist before the business of the
country adjusts Itself to the new tariff sched
ules, have wisely embraced In their plan a few
additional internal revenue taxes. Including a
imsll tax Usn Incomes derived from certain
corporate investment'.
These new assessments are Dot only alMO
Ititely Just and easily borne, but they have the
further merit of hclng such as can be remitted
without unfavorable business dlsturhsnocs
whenever the necessity of their Imposition no
longer exists.
In my great desire for the success of this
measure I cannot restrain the suggestion that
its success can only be attained ty means of
unselfish counsel on the part of the friends of
tariff reform and ss a result of their willing
ness to subordinate personal desires and am
bitions to the public good. The local Interests
affected by the proposed reform are so numer
ous and so varied that If all are Insisted upon
the legislation embodying the reform must
Inevitably fail.
In conclusion, my Intense feeling of respon
sibility Impels me to Invoke for tliemsnlfold
interests of a generous and confiding people
the most scrupulous rare, and to pledge my
willing support to every legislative effort for
the advancement of the greatness and pros
perity of our beloved country.
(Jiiovcr Cleveland. -
THE TV1 UBETTHE K.OPL.
Powderly Writes of the Work Done By
the Order in the Past.
In a letter to the New York World, re
viewing the history of the Knights of I.abot
Kx-General Muster Workman T. V. Powder
17 writes as follow i concerning the order:
In no woy Lai the order of the Knights ol
Labor accomplished so much giKd as in the
education of the citizen in his rights and
duties. Theftrike is a relic of a bygone bar
bsricagv. It bsd its origin thousands of
years ugo whni the striker was a warrioi
who took to the field when the strike began.
bn tirvitd because men have not fully
ons',rtnert nr a., entity ttuilied ih condinon
of thrir neighbors. So liitricit.-ly are our in
trusts intrtwovi-u that no strike oi any
importance csn be rut.red upon without
iiihictitig injury ou others nut directly con
cerned in the controversy.
Ol the results of ti e s-sion Just clod
and pasn:g mto history the frleio s ol the
order cnniiot bi.t e .nr am ap r.-uvnsioii
and tuig. vius. Ji,c pticeediugk nave been
I'biirnclrriieii t v a oiiiewbat reckless dre
gard lor law, niie, piecedent and expert
enie. That u prebeiiMon of the condition
ol our members in iMiluied lections of the
ciiuntr..- which o particularly marked the
(I'liberaliC is of pieteding sessivlis i.f the
General Arsemb y was latuentubly absent
from ths session (,f imi.J. Jtoycotls without
number w te levied without care, delibera
tion or thought of I lit lire consequences,
l.oiig-estnblirhed cnHuius and usages have
been licialy ,t aside. ; he wishes of local
Mssriiiblii-s were dirreyarded in transferring
tbriii from one jun-iiuiion to another
'J a nig it altogether the dignity ami tleto
r.im w bii li ptevsued In other sei-sum of
the body toul.i )e rrcuiled in' painful cou
trunt With this. Could the rank snd H'.e of
the order have ncmpied positions where
tbey couid w ituesa the acts of tin .represen
tatives they Would crrlaiiily disapprove of
llinr nutlioila ol that'll tig It gisUtloii aswell
hot the lepitd Hon ili-cil. .
it is no' iu ii tienerul Assembly that t Ii e
Onier of Knights ot Labor is strongest; we
must esrcli lor its iul strength and energy
in the lieurls of its members and their tli
volion to its ptmcip es. In the acts of the
olhcert JuH etnemirf upon llieir duties we
will tiiiii cnuiic ior icjoicing or sorrow, as
tbey ure successful or otherwise. Tbey have
before them no light or pleasant task nnd
will require the koiitidtnce und itu-piiiug
aid of tue whole membership.
STUDENTS SUSPENDED
For Redding. Restaurants and Steadies'
Everything in Sight.
KigM of the most populur Amherst stu
dents have been suspended for lootinij
reitaurunts und disorderly conduct on tlieit
return from Hanover, where they had been
tothe 1'artuiouth-Amherst football game.
On Saturday, November 11, 310 Amherst
itucenis were returning from Hanover, Jf.
II.. to Amherst on a special. The train
ltopd at various stations for refreshment
and the reitaurunt keepers seized the opporJ
tunily to charge exorbitant prices for tneii
food.
The boys concluded that it was much
cheaper to take what they wanted than M
Lay the high prices chsrged, so they began
elping tlieiiiMrlves. The alone once started
kept on rolling, nnd as thy went ou then
Journey they took more from each new
place. At Greenfield they cleaned out Ihe
leatutirant, lood, dishes und all. One young
mail u to enterprising as to steal a bottle
of to la and alter tie bad drank the soda lie
carried buck the bottle und got a nickel
lor it.
Some others thought that it would be
smurt lo carry home a baguage truck, so nt
one of the small millions where they stop, ed
for water a bund truck was taken along and
was highly valued as a trophy. The au
thorities onjicttd to the extent of thefts and
reported the mutter to the Amherst faculty
with the above result.
Bis Watch Is Missing.
Tbe r.ev. William Johnson, one of the
best known colored preachers ot Pecatur.
Ga., it iu jail. Titos. Kcholi, a financial
pillar of tbe church, notilied Mr. Johnson
Ihut one his children was sick unto death
and requested prayer. The 'prayer was at
the child's bedside. Mr. Johnson asked the
father to pray alio. When lbs mu arose
from tbiir k tiros Mr. Echols found that his
watch was gone. He studied over ibr mat
ter and after Ihe preacher had gone decided
to have him arrested. The cougrevation
stands by tbe pastor and insist that Kctiols
is an agent ul titer devil.
THE HIGHEST AWARD.
Hoyal Baktag Powder ha M tfc
Hoaors-Ia Strenctk andValae SO
pep rent, above Its Nearest Com
petltor.
The Roval Balling Towin has tbe
enviable reoord of baring received the
highest award for articles of ite close
greatest strength, pureet ingre
dient, most perfectly combined
wherever exhibited In oompetion with
others, In tho exhibitions of former
rears, it the Centennial, at Paris,
Vieuna end at tho various State and
Industrial fair, where it has been ex
hibiteJ, juig-es have in variably award
ed the Itojal Dakinj Powder the high
est honors.
At tbe resent tVnrld'e Pair the ex
amination for the baking powder
awards were directed by the chief
chemist of the Agricultural Depart
inent at Washington. Tbe chief chem
ist' official report f the teste of the
baking powders, which was made for
the specific pnrpote of ascertaining
which was the best, shows the leaven
ing strength of tho Uoyol to be 160
cubic inches of carbouio gas per ounce
of powder. Of the cream of tartar
baking powders exhibited, the next
highest in strength tested contained
but 133 cubic inches of leavening gas.
Tho ntlier powders gave nu average ol
111. Tho Horn), therefore, wasfonnd
of twenty ptr cent, greater leavening
strength than iu nearest competitor,
nud forly-four per ceut. above the
overage of till tho other tests. Ita
superiority in other respects, however,
in tho quality of tho fojd it makes as
to flueuess, delicncy nnd wholesome
lies, could not bo measured by fig
ures. It is tlieso high qualities, known and
appreciated by tho women of tho conn
try for so many years, that havo
caused tho saltw of tho Hoysl Haking
Powtler, ns shown by statistics, to ex
ceed tho nale of all other baking pow
ders combined.
England hits no monopoly of
grand old men." Good and great
Marshal Canrots?rt, kneeling In the
Chapel of the Itivullde, when his
fellow veteran MacMabon was brought
home to his last rest under the same
roof with Napoleon, furnished u
splendid example of endurance amid
the world's rough unge. Can ruber
Is eight-four, and the last of tbe
French Marshals. He has seen his
fellow campaigners in Algeria and
those by whom he fought side by
side at Magenta and Solferino depart
one by one; yet he lingers, as If un
willing to surrender tbe baton which
represents such historic memories.
. TTew'aThlal
offer One Hundn-d liollsrs reward for
tny i-ae of Catarrh thateanuxt be cured by
laU's JCatsrrh Cure.
F. J. CHrNr.r A Co., Props., Tolrdo, O.
We, the undersigned, have known K. J. Che
ney for the lnt 15 yenrs, and twlieve him per
fectly honorable In " business trsnaactlons
and tlnatic'ally r ;ry out auy obliga
tion made bv ttiV
WasT TU j UTrj0 Drareurts, Toledo,
WALOISU, TUB AW V MARTIX, M UOiesSU -
liruggists, Toledo, Ohio,
lis 1 s Csuwrh Curo Is taken Internally, act
lug directly upon the blno.l and utiicoua stir-r.-
i.. p-i, 7i. p i...t 1 1. ...l.i
by all liruggists. Testimonials free.
Fotxowixo the well-known "yon
press fie button" advertisement of a
kodak Or in, ao Idaho undertaker
came out with this awful head-line:
"You kick the bucket aud we do the
rtst."
Moe are quite plentiful in Maine Ibis
season.
Vsr Riiown'a Hhosthi At. Tnornas for
Cnutrln. Colds and sll other Throat Troubles.
-" 1'rr-Builnrntly the best." -Jitr. Umry Hard
Jlitifirr.
A Missouri girl ban a loot Ki inches
long
A wonder'til stomach rorr-,t,ir-IW-li"-
filla. ifeeuusiii'k no other. tlt cents a buz.
A Mnlne man recently ate 30 raw efgs in
live minutes.
Hatch's Cniversil Cough Hyrtip costs no
more than other and benrtlts intir.-.
Hood's'SCures
Mamie Adam
She Was Blind
With scrofula In the eyes could harel) distin
guish between daylight and darkness. I took
her to numerouseipertsand hosplla'sandgave
ip In despair. A friend advised me to give
Hood's Sarsaparilla
snd marvelous to relate. It has completely re.
stured her sight and given ber perfect health."
Ch as. A. A HAMS. St. A lbs ns, Vt.
Head's I'llla cure sick bra lacs, blbou aess
sad sll User ill, 'ii cents p r box.
FN V 4U
A remedy whn n,
If used by Wives
abou t to ex perience
the palnlul ordeal
attendant upon
Child-birth, proves
f.
an lufallllile srwei-
no ror.andobvlates
KT,rr7 lietortur.sofoon-
noemeut, Issesnlns:
the dangers thereof
to both snethsr and .
child, hold by all
druggists. Kent by
si press on reoslit
ot prtoe, l.a wr
hot tie. chances uisv
Ksid.
ftRaDflCkt) niftOuATOH CO., AvtSNVA. Qa.
ft ilv
'Va-
V