THE FULTON COUNTY NEWS, McCONNELLSBURO, PA.
SINGLE
D
ID
PEACE PLAN
PRESIDENT TAKES
Somewhere in the U. S, A,
THE PRESIDENT'S STATEMENT
MEN
ONLY
JEW
IS
TURNED
DOWN
E
RAILROADS
Those
With Dependents
Not Be Taken.
Will
DRAFT LAW TO BE CHANGED
Prvf Marshai General, In Ex
hauitlve Report Saye Class 1
Should Provl de Men For All
Military Needs Of Country.
Washington. All men for the war
a,rmles still to be raised by the United
States will come from Class 1 under
the new seleotlT service plan. That
means h nation's fighting to to be
done by young men without families
dependent upon their labor support
and unskilled In necessary industrial
or at rlcultural work.
Provost Marshal General Crowder
announces the new policy in an ex
haustive report upon the operation of
the selective drift. law submitted to
Secretary Baker and sent to Congress.
He says Class 1 should provide men
for all military needs of the country,
and to accomplish that object he urges
amendment of the draft law so as to
provide that all men who have reached
their twenty-first birthday since June
6, 1917, shall be required to register
for classification. - Also, in the inter
est of fair distribution of the military
burden, he proposes that the quotas of
states or districts be determined here
after on the basis of the number of
men in Class 1 and not upon popula
tion. 1,000,000 IN CLASS 1.
Available figures indicate, the re
port says, that there are 1,000,000
physically and otherwise qualified men
under the present registration who
will be found in Class 1 when all ques
tionnaires have been returned and the
classification period ends February 15.
To this the extension of registration
to men turning 21 since June 5 of last
year and thereafter will add 700,000
effective men a year.
Class 1 comprises:
"Single men without dependent rela
tives, married men who have habitu
ally failed to support their families,
who are dependent upon wive for
upport or not usefully enraged and
whose families are supported by in
comes Independent f their labor; un
skilled farm laborers; unskilled in
dustrial laborers, registrants by or in
respect of whom no deferred classifi
cation is claimed or made, registrants
who fall to submit questionnaire and
in respect of whom no deferred classi
fication Is claimed or made, and all
registrants not Included in any other
division of the schedule."
CROWDER PRAISES PLAN.
I'arrowed down under the analysis
of the first draft made in the report
the plan places upon unattached sin
gle men and married men with Inde
pendent incomes most of the weight
of military duty, for the aggregate
number of men in the other division
of Class 1 is very small.
. General Crowder finds that the first
draft surpassed the highest expecta
tlona of the friends of the selective
service idea. He pays high tribute,
not only to the thousands of civilians
who gave ungrudging service to mak
ing the plan a success, but Ibo to
the high patriotism of the American
people m a whole.
"At the President's call," he says,
"all ranks of the nation, reluctantly
entering the war, nevertheless in
stantly responded to the first call of
the nation with a vigorous and un
selfish co-operation that submerged
all individual interest in a single en
deavor toward the consummation of
the national task. I take it that no
great national project was ever at
tempted with eo complete a reliance
Upon the voluntary co-operation of
citizens for its execution. Certainly
no such burden and sacrificial statute
ever had before been executed with
out a great heirachy of officials.
"This law baa been administered by
civilians whose official relations lie
only In necessary powers with which
they are vested by the President's
designation of them to . perform the
duties that are laid upon them. They
have accomplished the task. They
have made some mistakes. The sys
tern offers room for improvement
ARGENTINE DIPLOMAT OUT.
Luxburg Affair Leads To Ambassa
dor's Retirement.
Buenos Aires, Argentine. It is re
ported, without confirmation, that Dr,
Tt. S. Kaon, the ambassador at Wash
ington, has resigned in consequence of
friction arising from the publlcnt'on
of the secret telegrams sent by Court
Von Luxburg before his dismissal as
German minister to Argentina, to Ber
lin, through the medium .of the Swei
ish legation.
NAVY THANKS RED CROSS.
Sailors Send Message Of Appreciation
For Christmas Parcels.
Washington. The Red Cross an
nounced receipt of this message from
the men of the Atlantic fleet: 'The
men of the fleet and New Year's
greetings to the Red Cross and flanks
for Christmas gifts received."
NEWFOUNDLAND PREMIER OUT.
Ir Edward Morris Announces Retire
ment From Politics.
St Johns, N. F. In a letter Just
made public Sir Edward Morris,
Premier of Newfoundland for the last
nine years, announced his resignation
as Premier and his retirement from
politics. Sir Edward is at present in
England representing the colony in
important matters connected with the
war. He said he would make his home
In England in the future.
iHiaillllllllMlilB -"-""1
NORFOLK HE
LOSS $2,000,000
Nearly Two Blocks in Heart
of Business District
FIVESUSPECTS CAUGHT
Big Hotel Among Buildings Burned
Montlcello Victim Of What Is
Believed To Be An
Enemy Plot,
Norfolk, Va. Supposed German
sptea brought home to Norfolk the
horrors of war, when what the author
ities say was a well-planned plot re
sulted in the destruction of more than
$2,000,000 worth of property and the
loss of at least three lives. The hu
man toll may reach six or seven before
another sun sets. A score have been
Injured.
Nearly two blocks In the heart of
the business district, Including the
Montlcello Hotel, were destroyed in
the series of explosions and fires. The
flames had been checked tonight, but
were still burning fiercely in the
ruins.
Three distinct explosions in as many
buildings, one after the fire once vir
tually had been brought Under con
trol, led to the general belief that
enemy agents were at work. Mayor
Mayo practically placed the city un
der martial law by turning the situa
tion over to naval officers and some
2,500 marines and bluejackets from
nearby naval stations, who assisted
the police and home guarde in main
taining order and preventing vandal
Ism. Naval patrols rounded up suspicious
persons while a number of men were
arrested as suspects. Two of these,
Hugo Schmidt and H. K. Leasing,
said to be Germans, were turned over
to the Department of Justice agents.
There were reports that two Germans
had been shot by sailors during the
day, but neither the police nor naval
authorities would confirm them.
The fire started at 3 o'clock A. M.
In the old Granby Theatre building on
Granby' street occupied by the Nor
folk Stationery Company. Flames Bhot
out of the building almost immediate
ly. This fire consumed three other
stores, one of which was Nunnally's.
When this fire was practically out
there was an explosion in the Mon
tlcello Hotel, followed by a burst of
flames. There were over 400 guests,
nd many of them were' still asleep
when the fire started. Smoke spread
so rapidly that when people started
out of .their rooms they could not find
their way through the hallways.
While this building was a mass of
flames, a third fire, also preceded by
an explosion, started in the Lenox
Building, over a block away from the
Montlcello. It proved as serious as
the others and before the already
wearied firemen could get a stream
on the flames the fire spread to the
building occupied by D. Carpenter
Furniture Company. This building
burned like kindling wood and Nor
folk sent out a call for assistance.
Suffolk, Newport News and Torts-
mouth sent firemen and flre-flghtlng
apparatus. Special trains were op
erated by the Norfolk and Western
Railroad to bring the extra firemen to
Norfolk.
With the firemen came the mayors
and a large number of citizens. The
Navy Yard sent over 300 men and Its
flre-flghtlng equipment. Five hundred
men were sent from the Naval Base,
200 marines from the St. Helena Sta
tion, and 1,000 sailors from warships.
All of them were 1 alned fire-fighters
and to thorn more than to any other
one cause Norfolk owes a debt of
gratitude.
FIRE NEAR CAMP STUART.
Soldiers Help Fight Blaze On Out
skirts Of Newport News.
Newport "News, Va. Three dwell
ings near Camp Stuart, on the out
skirt of the city, where 15,000 sol
diers are quartered, were destroyed
by Ore. Soldiers and firemen prevent
ed the flames reaching the camp build
ingn.
BIO WEEK FOR U-BOATS.
B2g 18 Large And Three Small British
Vessels.
London. Eighteen British mer
chantmen of 1,600 tons or over have
been sunk by mine or submarine dur
ing the past week, according to the
Admiralty statement. Three mer
chantmen under 1,600 tons were also
sunk. This Is a material lactase
over the previous week, when the
sinkings numbered 12, of which 11
were more than 1,600 tons.
RAILROAD STAFF
NAMED BY M'ADOO
Steps Taken to Pool All Equip
ment in Country
U. S. OWNERSHIP FORECAST
Roads Deny Wage Increase, Passing
Question Up To Government
Willard On Committee To
Pool Facilities.
Wahlngton. Definite steps toward
national unlnoatlon of ml! rends and
improvement of congested conditions
were taken by Director General Mc
Adoo In the appointment of a tem
porary staff and the Issuing of his
first formal order directing absolute
pooling of all traffic, common utiliza
tion of terminals, rolling stock and
other facilities, hauling of freight by
the shortest routes, and retention of
all present officers and employes.
Special instructions were Issued for
the clearing of congestion in New
York and Chicago through pooling
of terminals and other traffic facili
ties, and Alfred H. Smith, president
of the New York Central, was named
temporary special assistant to super
vise transportation in the trunk line
territory east of the Mississippi and
north of the Ohio Rivers, where con
gestion is greatest.
Walker D. Hines, of .New York, a
railroad lawyer and for many years
a special student of government op
eration, was appointed assistant di
rector general, pending the forma
tion of a permanent staff. The In
terstate Commerce Commission was
drafted for an immediate Investiga
tion by its Inspectors of general
freight conditions on Eastern trunk
lines.
While the director general was con
ferring with a number of railroad
heads, Interstate Commerce Commis
sioners and members of Congress and
planning immediate action to remedy
faults of transportation, it became
known that the. demands of the four
brotherhoods for a 40 per cent, wage
increase had been denied by the rail
roads and that consequently the labor
men had decided to postpone for
probably 60 days the presentation of
their case to the government.
It was thought probable that Presi
dent Wilson would take up the labor
situation in his addres to Congress
this week.
FOUR OVERCOME BY HEAT.
Pasadena, Cal., Sees This Wonder At
A Football Game.
Pasadena, Cal. Four persons were
overcome by heat In the crowd of 42,
000 which witnessed the football team
of marines, stationed at the Mare Is
land Navy Yard, defeat the army team
from Camp Lewis, Washington, one
of die features of the annual Tourna
ment of Roses here. The score was
19 to 2. Profits from the game will
go to the Red Cross.
THE COUNTRY AT LARGE
Forty-three public schools In Phila
delphia faifed to open after the Christ
mas receee as a result of the continued
severe cold weather. About 25,000
pupils are affected
P. J. Sheridan, Irish political leader,
who figured prominently In the trial or
Charles Stewart Parni! for treason
in England, in 1S90, died at his ranch
home near Monte Vista, Col.
While residents of Huntingdon and
other Central Pennsylvania towns are
suffering for lack of coal, tho Hunt
ingdon and Broad Top Railroad has
more than 800 cars loaded with bitu
minous coal for the South Broad Top
region standing on Its sidings.
The time for fixing the date of the
trial of Paul Hen-nlng, a naturalized
American of German birth, chnreed
with treason for bis alleged tampering
with gyroscope used In torpedoes
made for the United States Govern
ment In the factory where he was em
ployed, was postponed until January
14, when he was arraigned In Federal
Court in Brooklyn.
Private George Pldd, Company B,
forty-fourth Infantry, Camp Lewis,
Wash., wa dishonorably discharged
from the National Army and sentenced
to hard labor for the rest of his life
at Leavenwoith Penitentiary for slug
ging Lawrence Berqulet, a Tacoma
taxlcab driver, with an iron bar. The
motive was robbery.
Following the release from the Ham
ilton (O.) jail on bond, of all of the
union men who were sent there last
week after pleading not guilty to the
charge of rioilng, the strike of more
than 4,500 'iien ended and all o( the
workers returned to their Jobs.
Teuton, Emissaries Not to Be
Trusted.
PREPARATIONS FOR DEFENSE
An Interruption To The Peace Pro
ceedings While The Delegates Re
port Upon The Block. That
Has Occurred.
Petrograd. The chances of a sep
arate peace between Russia and the
Central Powers being effected seemed
remote, because of what are regarded
as Germany1 unrearonable demands.
Leon Trotzky, the Bolshevik foreign
minister, and his associates take the
stand that the Baltic provinces are In
realtty under military pressure while
they continue to be occupied by Ger
many, and that their votes with re
spect to peace must be ignored.
The Russian delegation upon its re
turn from Brest-Li tovsk laid before
the Council of Commissioners at Pet
orgrad Germany's demands, which
caused amazement and the declaration
that the council was not favorable to
acceptance. An elaboration of the
German position in. letters and state
ments Which followed the general
statement of terms showed that tho
Germans hold that Poland, Lithuania,
Courland, Livonia and Esthonla i
ready have defined themselves n
t Ion ally within the meaning of the
peace terms proposed and Insist that
they shall not vote again.
The Germans also explained,
through General Hoffman, that Ger
many cannot evacuate Riga, Llbau
and other occupied points until cer
tain that all Russia sanctions peace;
otherwise Germany's enemies might
assist Ukraine or other disaffected sec
tions in opposition to the Central
Powers.
The Russian peace delegation re
turned to Petrograd and reported to a
Joint session of the central executive
committee of Soldiers and Workmen's
Delegates and the Petrograd Council
of Soldiers and Workmen's Deputies
the progress of the negotiations with
the Austro-Genmans at Brest-Lltovsk.
M. Kamcneff, a member of the Rus
sian delegation, read the German
terms, which he characterized as
showing the positive annexation plans
of the Central Powers, and he de
clared they were unacceptable in their
present form. He added that the
terms had not b(en discussed.
"If after tho resumption of negotia
tions," the delegate said, "the Ger
mans insist upon these terms Russia
will conclude peace not with the Ger
man imperialists, but with the repre
sentatives of the people, the Social
ists of Germany."
TREATY-PROVISIONS.
Included in tho treaty provisions
are the following:
Article 8 Russia agrees that the ad
ministration of the mouth of the Dan
ube be intrusted to a European Dan
ube commission with a membership
from the countries bordering upon the
Danube and the Black Sea. Above
Bralla the administration is to be in
the hands of the countries bordering
the river.
Article 9 Military laws limiting the
private rights of Germans In Russia
and of Russians In Germany are abol
ished. Article 10 The contracting parties
are not to demand payment of war
expenditures, nor for damages suf
fered during the war, this provision
including requisitions.
Article 11 Each party Is to pay for
damage done within its own limits
during the war by acta against inter
national law with regard to the sub
jects of other parties, In particular
their diplomatic and consular repre
sentatives, as affecting their life,
health or property. The amount Is to
be fixed by mixed commissions with
neutral chairmen.
Article 12 Prisoners of war who
are invalids are to be immediately re
patriated. The exchange of other
prisoners 1b to be made as soon as
possible, the times to be fixed by a
German-Russian commission.
Article 13 Civilian subjects In
terned or exllod are to be immediate
ly released and sent home without
cost to them.
Article 14 Russian subjects of Ger
man descent, particularly German col
onists, may within 10 years emigrate
to Germany, with the right to liquidate
or transfer their property.
Article 15 Merchantmen of any of
the contracting parties which were In
ports of any other party at the be
ginning of the war, and also vessels
taken as prizes which have not yet
been adjudged, are to be returned or,
if that be impossible, to be paid for.
SPRING-RICE MAY RETIRE.
British Ambassador To Leave U. S.,
Says London Paper.
London. Sir Cecil Spring-Rice and
Lord Bertie, according to the Daily
Chronicle, will shortly retire from the
British Embassies at Washington and
Paris. The newspaper adds that it is
rumored that Sir George Buchanan is
about to resign his post as Ambassa
dor at Petrograd.
NEUTRALS TO GET 8UPPLIES.
Necessities To Be Sent Denmark,
Sweden And Norway.
Stockholm. The Svenaka Dagbladet
ascribes to the Swedish Foreign Office
Information that negotiations with the
United States have been concluded
satisfactorily. It says that an agree
ment has been reached under which
11,000 tone of necessities, chiefly
coffee, petroleum and drugs, will ar
rive In Sweden about the middle of
February-
Nzimbs McAdoo as Director Gen
eral for All Lines in
United States.
EARNINGS TO DE GUARANTEED
Action, Which Affects Also Coastwise,
Lake and River Steamship Prop
erties, Taken as a War
Measure.
Washington. President Wilson,
under his wnr powers, has as
sumed possession nnd control of all
the railroad? nnd steamship lines with
in the United States.
The president Issued a proclama
tion Invoking his war authority to
take over the railroads and appoint
ing Secretary of the Treusury McAdoo
to the position of director general of
railways.
Mr. McAdoo will remain secretary
of the treasury, nnd In his dual role
will be the most powerful official In
the nutlon except the president.
The railroads will continue to be
operated by their respective corpora
tions under the direction of Mr.
McAdoo, and the primary function of
the lines will become the transporta
tion of troops nnd wnr supplies ami
materials, to which nil other service
will be subordinated. .
Properties Which Are Taken.
The properties that will pass Into
the control of the government ore:
All railroads, comprising 200,000
miles of Hues, vultied ut $17,000,000,
000. All coastwise, lake and river steam
ship lines.
All terminals, terminal rompnnlcs,
and terminal associations.
The Pullman company's sleeping
cars nnd parlor cars.
The packers' and other concerns' pri
vate cur lines.
All railroad elevutors and ware
houses. All railroad telegraph and telephone
lines.
- All Interurtmn electric lines carry
ing freight only.
Street Car Lines Exempt.
The president will not take over at
this time any street car or loenl pas
senger carrying Interurbnn electric
lines, hut he provides in his proclama
tion thnt by subsequent order he may
take r.ossesslon of any such lines
found desirable, Including subways
nd tunnels.
The proclamation does not specific
ally mention express Touipnnles, but
the language of the proclnnintlon, In
which there appear the words, "and
all other equipment and oppurtennnoes
commonly used upon or operated as a
pnrt of such system," would seem to
Include these companies.
Guarantee of Fair Profit.
The government guarantees to the
stockholders of each of the railroads
n profit equal ut least to the average
profits of the road during the fiscal
years of 1915, 1910 and 1917.
Tnfclng all of the roads of the coun
try as a Imsis, the general overage wos
5.21 per cent on their total capital In
vestment. The president says thnt he will
ask congress to provide for the guar
antee of pre-war earnings to the own
ers of the properties, and he adds:
"Investors in rullway securities
may rest assured that their rights nnd
Interests will be as scrupulously looked
after by the government ns they could
be by the several will way systems."
McAdoo td Negotiate.
Director General McAdoo Is Instruct
ed to negotiate with the rallronds im
mediately Agreements providing for a
compensation to the owners of the
properties amounting to tho average
net profit derived by each company
dining the three-year pre-war period,
these agreements to be submitted to
the president for action In connection
with the legislation asked of congress.
Bondholders nnd other security hold
ers are to receive the some return on
their Investment they received during
the pre-war period and other creditors
are to receive their due with rights
unimpaired.
The president takes possession or
the rullronds by executive order under
tho authority conferred upon him by a
provision of tho army appropriation net
of August 29, 1910, which follows:
"The president In time of war Is em
powered, through the secretary of war,
to take possession nnd assume control
of any system or systems of transpor
tation, or any pnrt thereof, ana to
utilize the same, to the exclusion, ns
far ns may lie necessary, of all other
trufllc thereon; for the transfer or
transportation of troops, war material
and equipment, or for such other pur
poses connected with emergency ns
may he needful or desirntue.
Cut in Passenger Traffic.
The government will be required to
provide the railroads with approxi
mately' $1,000,000,000, It Is estimated,
for the expansion and building of new
terminals, extensions of trackage and
additional rolling stock.
Government control will nlso entail
a general shifting of rolling stock to
the centers of wur Industry to relieve
the congestion of transportation of war
materials. Hundreds of engines and
thousnnds of cars will be sent from
western r.nd southern rors to eastern
territory, where 80 per cent of the
war supplies are being produced.
Passenger traffic Is scheduled to be
greatly curtailed. On western roads
TRIALS OF THE HOME MAKER
Women Find Dally Samenesa of Work
Exasperating and Long for Res
pite From Duties.
At the outset the home maker often
accepts cheerfully enough sivh max
ims as "blessed be drudgery" nnd "he
vyho Is faithful In that which Is least
shall become the greatest." She mas
ters in a year or two yenrs nt most de
tails which must, nevertheless, be re
pented, although nil the freshness nnd
"A Great National Necessity Dictated the Action. I Was Not
at Liberty to Abstain From It."
By WOODROW WILSON.
I have exercised the power ever the transportation systems of the
country which were granted me by. the act of congress of August, 1918,
because it has become Imperatively necessary for me to do ao. This Is a
war of resources no less than of men, perhaps even more than of men,
and It Is necessary for the complete mobilization of our resources that
the transportation system of the country should be organized and em
ployed under a single authority and a simplified method of co-ordination
which have not proved possible under private management and control.
The committee of railway executives who have been co-operating
with the government In this all Important matter have done the utmost
that it was possible for them to do; have' done it with patriotic zeal and
with great ability; but there were difficulties that they could neither
escape nor neutralize. Complete unity of administration In the present
circumstances Involves upon occasion and at,many points a serious dislo
cation of earnings, and the tommlttee was, of course, without power or
authority to rearrange charges or effect proper compensations and adjust
ments of earnings.
Several roads which were willingly and with admirable publie spirit
accepting the orders of the committee have already suffered from these
circumstances and should not be required to suffer further. In mere
fairness to them the full authority of th government must be substituted.
The government itself will thereby gain an Immense Increase of efficiency
In the conduct of the war and of the Innumerable activities upon which
Its successful conduct depends..
The public Interest must be first served, and In addition th financial
Interests of the government and th financial interests of th railroad
must be brought under a common direction, the financial operation of
th railway need not, then, Interfere with th borrowings of th govern
ment, and they themselves can be conducted at a greater advantage.
Investora In railway securities may rest assured that their rights and
Interests will b as scrupulously looked after by th government as they
could be by th directors of the several railway systems. Immediately
upon the reassembling of congress I shall recommend that these definite
guarantee be given: First, of course, that th railway properties will
ba maintained during the period of federal control In as good repair and
a complete equipment as when taken over by the government; and,
second, that the roads shall receive a net operating income equal in each
case to the average net Income of the three year preceding June 30, i
1917; and I am entirely confident that the congress will be disposed In
this case, as In other, to see that Justice is don and full security assured
to the owner and creditor of th great systems which th government
muct now us under Its own direction or else suffer serious embarrass
ment. The secretary of war end I are agreed that, all the circumstances
being taken Into consideration, th beet results can be obtained under th
immediate executive direction of William G. McAdoo, whose practical
experience peculiarly fits him for the service and whose authority a sec
retary of tho treasury will enable him to co-ordinate as no other man
could the many financial interests which will be Involved and which
might, unices systematically directed, suffer very embarrassing entangle
ments. The government of the United States Is the only great government
now engaged In the war which has not already assumed control of thla
sort. It was thought to be In the spirit of American Institutions to at
tempt to do anything that was necessary through private management,
and If zeal and ability and patriotic motive could have accomplished tho
necessary unification of administration it would certainly have been
accomplished; but no zeal or ability could overcome Insuperable obstacles,
and I have deemed It my duty to recognize that fact In all candor, now
that It I demonstrated, and to use without reserve the great authority
reposed in me. A great national necessity dictated th action and I waa
therefore not at liberty to abstain from it
this curtailment will be marked. Com
petition In passenger traffic between
Chicago nnd St. Paul and Chicago nnd
the Pacific const, for example, will be
abolished. This will mean the with-'
druwal of many trains.
Why Course Wu Taken.
In a statement necompnnylng the
proclamation President Wilson says
that he takes this radical action "be
cause it has become imperatively
necessnry for ino to do so." In order
to mobilize In the shortest possible
time all the material resources of the
nation for the conduct of the wnr the
railroads, says the president, must be
organized, co-ordinated, -and employed
under a single authority.
The attempt of the railroads them
selves to provide this single authority
and simplified organization In the ex
isting railroads' war board nnu us
special operating committee hns
nroved n failure because of physical
limitations, nlthough the president
pays high tribute to the ability ana
zeul of the live rail executives whose
efforts have been devoted to the task.
The organization effected by the
railroads' war board will be the foun
dation upon which Director Oenernl
McAdoo will build the structure of
government control. It Is not unlike
ly that some, If not all of the members
of the war board, will be associated
with Mr. McAdoo In administering the
management of the unified lines.
In his statement the president refers
to the defeots of tho system of unifica
tion uttempted under private control.
Several rnllronds have suffered finan
cially and physlcnlly from carrying
out the orders of the war board, which
required them to be utilized In ex
tremely unprofitable trnnsportutlon In
order that the transportation of war
materials might be facilitated.
Need Fear No Losses.
Under government control no rail
road will incur such losses. 'The rail
roads will not be Interested in what
clnss of traffic they handle, will not
rare whether It Is profitable or unprof
itable. If It Is unprofitable the loss
will be made good by the government,
for the government assures the stock
holders the return on their Investment
they enjoyed (on tho annual average)
for the three yenrs ended June SO,
1917.
Under government control the rail
roads are to be nssisttd In obtaining
the capital necessary to finance tne
vast extensions of trackage and ter
minals and the building of additional
locomotives nnd cars made Imperative
by tho demands of wnr.
The president says that under gov
ernment control "the financial earn
ings of the railways need not then In
terfere with Ihe borrowings of the gov
ernment." Railroad Investments ore
to be made attractive to Investors by
the government guarantee, fcventu
ully a loan mny be made by the gov
ernment to the railroads.
It Is suld. however, in the selection
of Mr. McAdoo for director genernl of
railroads that there lies tne greatest
promise of government assistance to
the rnllroads in financing their opera
tions and-extensions.
Interest have gone out of them.
Through many years of conscien
tious work the home maker does not
quite realize her plight, yet nil this
time she suffers from a growing suspi
cion that life Is not acquiring for ber
the values which she expected, thnt for
her It is bringing no widening of
sphere or of outlook. In a vague un
nnnlyzed way, says a writer In the
New Republic, the feels the inexorable
effects of child training nnd house
keeping upon her own mentnl life
nnd powers.
While Sir. McAdoo will not relin
quish his post as head of the treasury
department he will be compelled to
turn over to others most of the routine
business of the department to which
nt present he Is giving his personal
nttentlou. Of course he will hare a
number of capable assistants to re
lieve him of some of the responsibility
connected with the duties he will short
ly assume.
No Limit to Powers.
In his proclamation the president
confers upon Mr. McAdoo powers that
will be practically unlimited when ho
enters upon the direction of the rail
ways and can be limited subsequent
ly only by the presideut or by con
gress. In the first place, Mr. McAdoo Is au
thorized to control nnd dlre.t the rail
ways under private operation by
existing directors, receivers and offi
cers "so long nnd to auch extent a
he may determine." The railroad offi
cials are Informed In the proclama
tion that they will continue the opera
tion of the properties "until and except
so far as snid director shall from time
to time by general or special orders
provide."
Mr. McAdoo will have power to dis
charge existing directors and other of
ficials and appointed new ones. How
ever, It Is expected that generally th
executive forces of the various roads
will continue in their offices. In fact,
there Is supposed to be no one else
available for these Jobs, from presi
dents down.
Can Decide on Rate.
The director general Is to wield au
thority paramount to thnt of the Inter
state commerce commission and state
railway commissions. The statutes
and orders of these bodies are to re
main binding upon the railroads only
30 long as Mr. McAdoo approves.
When he decides that rates should
be revised upward or downward, or
that national er state regulations
should be charged, all he will have to
do Is to Issue an . order putting the
change Into effect, and thnt order, on
der the president's proclamation, "shall
have paramount authority and be obey
ed as such."
The regular dividends hitherto do
clared nnd the Interest upon bonds and
other obligations are to be paid as
usual, unless Mr. McAdoo should de
termine otherwise, but nil renewals
nnd extensions of maturing obliga
tions can be made by the roads only
with the approval of the director gen
eral. "'
Why McAdoo Was Chosen.
The president says he nnd Secretary
of War Buker, In whose name the ex
ecutive takes possession of the lines,
are agreed that existing circumstances
make advisable the appointment of Mr,
McAdoo, "whose practical experience
peculiarly fits him for the service and
whose authority as secretary of th
treasury will enable him to co-ordinate,
ns no other man could, the many finan
cial Interests which will be Involved
and which might, unless systemat
ically directed, suffer embarrassing en
tanglemenls."
Earning and Spending.
Earning money keeps some mg
from tbetr wives. Speudlng moo
drives some women farther away frotf,
their husbands. The proper way ii ff
husband and wife to earn together sat
spend together.
Wanted Company.
Professor (In chem. lab.) "Thla K
ia- very explosive substnnce and II
Might blow us all sky-high. CoiM
loser, genthnuen, so you mny bo be
ter able to follow me.