THE FULTON COUNTY NEWS, McCONNELLSBURG. PA.
TELLS OF
fi SITUATION
Lnistrator Issues Message
on Conservation.
j GREAT PROBLEM OF WAR
Li'i Production and Needs of the
Nation. Set Forth-What
fw, Must Do to Keep Wolf
! From the Door.
LlnRton, M.-IIerhert C.
I! I'nlloJ States food ndmlnls-
L 't(Klny I-''J t0 the A""'1'l,nn
Siu. lut.-inont covering the food
Zlon os It now Mists and the ne
of conserving the food re
Va of the nation to provide for
.'future durinx the continuance of
,,r The statement follows :
M Is ulwnys more or less of n
Mn In every phase of Its produc
s hmulllnff and consumption. It is
Llrtii with every farmer, every
Snorter and seller, every hotise
fe'r It Is n problem with every
J state iiml nation. And now, very
4,kwly. It Is a problem with
Jsrcut croups of nations, namely,
illK the central empires and the
Iris; In word It Is a great Inter
ijmil problem.
V food prolileni today of our own
in, then fon has as Its most eon
l:iis phase an Inlernallonal chnruc
A Hilllclent and regular supply
fr.il for the inalntenance of the
itl,li iirinies of our fighting allies
( Hair no less great armies of
iu( men ami working women in
pt Industries, and iinally for the
aVMiioe of the women and chit
i'Iii ilie Iioi'ie, Is an absolute ne
lly, second to no other, for the
t-ful prosecution of the war for
if. In the providing of this food
Je sr.'iit Milled food pool, the Unit
niinplnys a predominant part,
lit the present diversion of tens of
i of men from the farms into
(fining and Industrial armies, re
nt! In u marked lessening of food
'action, nail the present necessity
casing (he daily ration of other
X of men turned from sedentary
pilous into those of strenuous
labor, resulting In a marked
Hoof consumption, this deficiency
i the food needs ami the food
lafiinn nf the allies becomes great-
;,m ever, Willi the consequence of
rft increase In the food quantities
rtitively needed from the United
f if the allied armies are to be
tt "nirry on."
World'! Larder Examined.
UJ is a general statement of a con
l.vliich only needs to bo el ill tor
It detail to show Just what we
do. The time has come when
detailed statement can be made,
harvest anil the harvests of Ku
du now be forecast. We can
rvey our combined stocks of
ittliniils; in oilier words, the size
'nt part of tin? world's larder on
k v and the allies can draw for
wit twelve mouths can now be es
'4. This estimate shows nt once
Itoontiiins too little for our own
nar allies use unless wo all ad
t the supply with the greatest
! wlsilnni. Tlie allied peoples
neiMleiilly undertaking this ad
fli'on. It lies now with us to
riKtrt. If we fiiil, the people of
Hs (tintiot be maintained nt war.
: J'Miers cannot light without
A certain definitely dotcrinlnii-
n "f "ait f I must come from
" then examine carefully the
-ilaruYr as it appears today, or
:("f It as Is nt our disposal.
Mp'ise review the situation
" regards the cereals, second, as
fooil animals mid their prod
mid, us regr,ls sugar, fourth,
iHN vegetal,!,., fifth, as regards
s"u f'""K and, tlunlly, us re
' Jrluty In the matter.
Cereals.
' 17 harvest is now so far ud-
U"'t we ,ay compare It with
I'fodiieti,,,,, and will, the
"Mi are p.ing to be made on
.I'f"- 1 ls Klven to show the
"f the milium
Y ranee. Italy, the United
. V"' '"'Kliini. being n aver
,t," '"''''"-.vcar pre-war period.
17""" fr" Hils table that
t "!""r,s "f "beat nre 381.
""'"I" nnd of other cereals
bushels. The estimate of
T, 1 1,1 'I"' allied countries
'fop reports from these
' as foiiW!,:
I'rrilinl.i.
Av. nor- DefUUmcy
mal pro- In prod'n.
'hietlon. due to war.
f nt;
" Pro.
''linn.
, .To.'ulo
''.tl.TS.iKd
.",l, 5,1)011 1.90S IVM
i-'i.ios.om
m fitri.ooo
23:l,iy,5,O00
3l.Hlfi.noo
35,841,000
'W.H'in.ono
l'-'.".:MI.Orto
'S.STH.OOil
1.6.4 IS.000 525.662.000
t pn
H the h. - --ii jr u
.Wom i . ,no'dhs n total
bushel,, of wheat and
Z 1 u 'S f ,h"' cerenK
'2nim,ePrl,,,m of "" nwn
U " hnrvw ls 8'ven In
C "f,,,y' North Atner-
I ot about 050,000,000
Si" Our Crop
v.Uium ana tho
fcH DISTURB TOKYO
f - Known In J,pan
; ,n the Sido ef
nce Ymaaata.
'""v.. ! , U Word t0 d0
WU him n "nnrakln."
5,; d amassed a for-
'llt "'nrket. developed o
TABLE
Commodity.
Production.
5).TS.0fljT '
121.109.000
STO.S'JO.UOI)
i:'."),!01,000
"K.GTJ.OOO
Wheat
Corn ..
Oats ..
Barley
Rye ...
Total
.l,is.;.4is.ooo
TABLE
Probable
17. 8 1917
. 67.oon.ono
.3.124 000,000
.Mr.i.noo.ooo
, 2' t "v, iv
. M,10fl,'A)
Commodity.
Wheat
Corn
Outs
Barley
Rye
Totals 5.52S.10i).000
United Slates, on which they were no
customed to rely before the war. The
Russian supply cannot be got out.
Bulgarian nnd Uoumnnlan supplies nr
In the bands of the central empires.
The voyage from Australia ami India
Is three times ns long nnd therefore
requires three times us many tons of
shipping ns Is required from Norlh At
lantic ports. It Is also twice as dan
gerous because of fie longer exposure
to submarine attack. There has been
n large failure in the South American
countries iiml Hit new harvest from
Hint quarter will not lie available In
Kurope until next spring. As nlready
said, nil the allied countries are and
have been for some time rigorously ad
ministering nnd economizing their
food. In Belgium, the relief commis
sion bus been Compelled to reduce the
consumption of cereals by nearly fid
per cent ; this brings the food supply
so low that the population are In
capable of labor.
From the above tables It will be
seen I hat on normal bases of consump
tion the total allied wheat Import re
quirements are !V77.0tH),oni bushels
against n North American surplus of
20S.H)0.0H) bushels nnd from our
United Stales supplies we must re
serve a certain amount for neutrals
from which we receive vital supplies
and also nn amount to protect our
stocks better next year than this last.
There Is therefore on normal con
sumption n dellclt of over 400,1 MM 1.000
bushels. In the otlver cereals mod In
Kurope mostly for nnlmul feed, the
Import necessities of the allies on nor
mal consumption basis nre about (!7i,
OOO.IMH) ngnlnst n North American sur
plus of !r.(),0(M).iKM). But again n re
serve for neutrals nnd Increased "car
ry over" will absorb nil the margin.
In any event It menus we must multi
ply our exports of these cereals 'JO
times. However, upon the basis of our
present crop prospects we should be
able to supply their requirements in
cerenls other than wheat.
Wheat Situation Difficult.
The situation in wheat Is one of
great dilllcully nnd concern, nnd must
be met by an elimination of waste and
reduction of consumption on the part
of the allied peoples and ourselves. In
one word, by an effective administra
tion of I he available supply.
The allies nre unable to use other
cereals alone for bread. They can
use them only as added to wheat flour
to make the war bread now In uni
versal use In Kuropenn countries. Kx
cept In Italy, whose people normally
consume much corn, our allies have
few corn mills nnd eornmenl Is not a
durable commodity and therefore can
not be shipped In great quantities.
Moreover, for generations they have
bought bread from the bakeries; they
have no equipment nor do they know
bow to bake In the household. Kvery
American knows that It Is Infeaslble
to distribute corn bread from bakeries,
and It is therefore necessary for us
to furnish our allies with sulllclent
wheat to enable them to have a wheat
basis for the loaf. However, they can
use nnd must use other cereals for
mixture In their war bread, nnd by
this substitution and by savings on
their pnrt n great deal can be accom
plished. On the other hand, a dellclt
of 400,000,000 bushels can be nt least
partially overcome If we can Increase
our exports from 8S,000,000 to 2U0,
000,000 or nearly triple. This can be
accomplished If we will substitute one
pound of other cereals for one pound
of w heat Hour weekly per person ; that
Is, If we reduce our consumption of
wheat flour from five pounds per week
to four pounds per week per person.
It will be no privation to us and will
reduce the privation of our allies.
Food Animals.
Owing to the ascending standard of
living, the world wits nlrendy strnlned
to supply enough animal products to
meet the demand before the war be
iran. The war has Injected Into an ul
I 'ady dltlb'ult situation n number of
vicious conditions which are Jeopardiz
ing the ultimate animal products sup
ply of the world. The production of
fodder In Kurope has been diminished
by the diversion of productive labor to
wtir, and Its import has been curtailed
by shortage In shipping and by the
Isolation of markets by .belligerent
lines. From these causes not only are
the actual numbers of animals de
creasing In Kurope, but the average
weight and the niinual output of dairy
products per animal, are decreasing.
A careful estimate of the world's
food animal position shows the follow
ing position:
Decrease .
Increase or In other
decrease Decrease countries
United western Including Total net
States allies enemies decrease
Cattlo 7.090,000 8,420,000 26,750,000 2S.OSO.000
Slieep siooO.OCO 17.S00.000 84,000.000 S4.BO0.000
Hoge 6,275,000 7,100,000 3I.6HO.000 32,425,000
33,020,000 92,350,000 1I5.0O5.000
The problem facing the American
people Is not only one of supplying
the linmedlnte demand of the utiles, but
one which is more far-reaching In its
future significance. As the war goes
on there will be a constunt lessening of
the capital stock of food janlmnls of
the world. Among our western al
lies the demand outruns further every
deslro to get Into the same atmosphere
with the Brent people of Japan. Mar
shal Trlnce Yamngnta, foremost of Ja
pan's elder statesmen, some yenrs ago
erected a splenlrd" bouse nt Oduwara,
o suburb of the capital, nnd upon a
site that commanded u superb view of
Mount Fujiyama. Now, this Snito has
paid a fabulous price for a .large es
tate located on the Iriynma hill, higher
up t liii it the mansion of the distin
guished prince, and has erected there
on a charming country house. His
urcbltect located the building su that It
NO. 1.
loii irii
Imports Net Imports
from
from
Otlmr
Con
V. a.
79.4M.OilO
lo.itt.niio
S.'tl.ixio
4,'Htl,iIO
M7.IW0
IlH.KB.COO
NO. 2.
Cnnailn.
112,'.(l
Hoorf's.
1VU7S.HO0
13j.675.0i)O
IW.612,0()0
03,030,1)00
ll..'!37,OIW
sumption.
9:4.4X.'i,l)
6S2,Ki;r,0i)
l!IH,7'.l3,0ili)
),537,Wi)
16.5K0.0O0
t,m,m
tw.ooo
13fl.JO0.000 487.134,000 2,214,276,0.10
Average Probable Add ponelh!
Normal U. 8. U. 8. Canadian
Conmimptlon Surplus Surplus
69,J04,O00 (tS.OOfl.OOO 120,000.000
!.6.".3.ii91,000 470,000.0110 fi.1.000.000
-1.H1.7I3.0O0 3O4,0(fl.00O 30,000.0110
17S.S29.000 3S,00.000 9,01)0.0110
l"..til6.000 20,200,000 18.0OO,0iN)
4.0)7,110,000 917,200.000 233,01)0,000
day the decreasing production, ns ship
ping becomes further shortened by con
tinued submarine destruction, less ton
nage enn be devoted to fodder, nnd fur
ther reduction of the herds must en
sue. These destructive forces have
given rls to reactions In many direc
tions. The world's supply of meat and
d.iiry products, of nnlmul fats nnd In
dustrial fats, wool nnd hides, nre nil
Involved not only now, but for far Into
tiie future.
Meats.
The Immediate problem Is to fur
nish Increased meat supplies to the ut
iles to maintain them during the war.
An Important factor contributing to the
present situation lies In the disturb
ance to the world's trade by destruc
tion of shipping rosuti:, g In throwing
a larger burden on North America, the
nearest market. .Shipments from the
Australasian, South American and
from the conMnental countries Into the
allied countries have been Interfered
with. Their contributions must be re
placed by incrensed shipments from
Norlh Amerli n.
The growth of American meat ex
ports since the war began, most of
which have been supplied by allied na
tions. Is revealed by the following llg
ures: Three-year pre-war overage, 4o;i,
S4S.IMM) pounds.
Year ending June .'!0, 101(1, l.IWO,
lo::,ooo pounds.
The Impact of Kuropean demand
upon our animal products will be
liiulutained for a long period of years
after peace. We can contemplate n
high range of prl.'es, for meat and
for nnlmul products for many years to
come. We must undertake to meet tin1
demand not only during the war, so ns
to enable our allies to continue to fight,
but we must he prepared to meet the
demand nfter the war. Our herd can
not be Increased In a single night or
In n single year. Our producers will
not only be working in their own ul
timate Interest In laying the founda
tion of larger herds nnd Mocks, but
will serve our national interest nnd the
Interest of humanity, for years to come,
If the best strains of young nnlmals
nre preserved. The Increase In herds
can only be accomplished if we save
more of our roughage ami raise more
fodder grains. It Is worth noting that
after the war Kurope with lessened
herds will, pending their recuperation,
require less fodder and will therefore
produce more bread grains nnd Im
port less of them, so that we can nfter
the war safely reduce our bread grain
production to Increase our fodder. But
we must lay our foundation in the
meantime to Incrense our herds.
There is only one immediate solution
to the short supply of meat for ex
port pending the Increase In our herds
nnd (locks which will take years. Dur
ing the course of the war, we can, Just
as with the cerenls, reduce the con
sumption and eliminate the waste par
ticularly nniong those classes which
can best afford It. In the meantime, In
order to protect nil of our people, we
must carefully control our meat ex
ports in order that the people shall not
he denied this prime necessity of life.
Dairy Products.
The world's dairy supplies are de
creasing rapidly for two Important rea
sons. First, the dairy cattle of Ku
rope are diminishing, for Kurope Is be
ing driven to eat Its cattle for meat;
second, tho diversion of labor to war
has. decreased the fodder supplies and
the shortage of shipping bus limited
the amount of Imported fodder and
therefore the cattle which can lie sup
ported and the productivity of the Indi
vidual cow have been reduced, Kven
our own dairy supplies nre not keeping
puce with our growth of population, for
our per capita milk supply has fallen
from 00 to 75 gallons annually In the
past 15 years. Yet today we must ship
Increasing amounts of dairy products
to our allies.
The dairy supplies of the allies In
normal times came to a considerable
degree from western Scandinavia, Hol
land nnd Switzerland, but under Ger
man pressure these supplies nre now
partly diverted to Oermany. The men
under arms and the wounded must be
supplied with condensed milk In lnr;e
quantities. The net result of these
conditions, despite rigorous reduction
of consumption unions the adults of the
civil population In Kurope. Is Unit our
allies are still short of large quantities
and again the burden of the replace
ment of this shortage must fall on
North America. The growing exports
of dairy products from the United
States to the allies uro shown In the
following table:
Three year Tearendlnn
average. June 30,1913.
Butter 4,457.000 lbs. 13.4S7.0OO lbs.
Cheese 3.7SO.OOO Ilia. 44,391,000 lbs.
Cond. milk. ...17.792,000 lbs. 159,577.000 lbs.
The high price of fodder and meat In
the United States during the past few
months Induced by the pressing Kuro
penn demand has set up dangerous cur
rents In this country, especially In
those regions dependent upon butter
and the sale of milk to municipalities
having made It more profltnhle to sell
the cattle for ment than to keep them
and produce dairy products. There
fore; the dairy cattle are decreasing
shut out the view from the famous
Koklan or "house of rare age," by
which name the prince's villa was
known, of beloved and revered Mount
Fuji. To quote the vernacular Jour
nal : "The 'house of rare age,' built
when the prince had attained seventy
yenrs described by Confucius ns 'the
rare age' is no longer a quiet bower
to which the aged Yaningata con re
pair at all seasons and enjoy rest from
the distracting worries of national pol
itics. His view Is obstructed by the
iialkiira house of tho nurlkln. The
In some sections. The only sections In
which dairy products have had a rise
In price In appropriate proportion to
the Increase In most of feeds are those
producing condensed milk and cheese.
Our homo milk nnd butter supplies
are therefore looked at In a broad way,
decreasing while our population Is in
creasing. This deficiency of dairy but
ter Is shown by the Increased sales of
margarine, which show on Increase of
several million pounds per month over
slmllnr periods In 1015. Dairy butter,
however, hns qualities which render It
vitally neeessury for children. . Milk
bus no substitute and Is not only In
trlnslcnlly one of our cheapest animal
foods, but g absolutely fundamental
to the rcnrlng of the children.
The dairy situntlon resolves Itself
Into severul phases. First, It ls to be
hoped that the forthcoming abundant
harvest together with a proper restric
tion upon exports of feeding stuffs will
result In lower prices of feed and di
minish the Impetus to sell the cattle
for meat. Second, the Industry needs
encouragement so ns to Incrense the
dairy herd and thus our dairy supplies,
for the suke first of our own people
and second of the allies. The people
must realize the vital dependence of
the well-being of their children, nnd
thus of the nation, upon the encourage
ment and upbuilding of the industry.
Third, we must save the wastes In milk
and bu'ter during the war If we are to
provide milk supplies to all. We waste
large quantities of our milk value from
our luck of national demaud for prod
ucts of .skimmed and sour milk.
Pork Products.
The bog Is the most efficient of ma
chines for the production of animal fat.
The hog not only makes more fat from
a given amount of feed, but also the
products made are specially capable of
preservation anil most economical for
commercial handling.
The swine of Kurope nre rapidly de
creasing nnd the consumption demand
Induced by the war Is much Increased,
this particularly because bacon, ham
and bird are so adaptable for military
supplies. Moreover, our allies are Iso
lated from ninny markets and a large
amount from northern neutrals is
being diverted to (ieriiuiny.
While our hogs have Incrensed In
number by .1,(MM),000 animals, the aver
age welghr nt slaughter is falling and
our produc.ion is probably only about
maintained. The Increasing deinund
upon us slm ' the war began Is shown
by the follow n;; figures of comparative
exports:
Three-year, , '-war period, 1,0.15,-(il-1.000
pounds.
Year ending Ju . 30, 1010, 1.512,.
.'I'O.IMX) pounds.
Wool and Lt.her.
Our national supply f both wool
and leather nre less than our needs,
and we uro importing them more and
more largely, as shown by the follow
Ing figures:
Importations of wool and manufac
tures of wool (value) for the three-
year pre-wur period, 802,457,005; for
the fiscal year ending June 30, 1010,
$15S,07S,271.
Importations (value) nf hides, leath
er, and manufactures of leather aver
age of the three-year pre-war period,
$l.'t:U71,3'.iS: for the year eliding June
30, 1010, $177,SSO,0O2.
At the present time the world's de
inuiid for these products has Increased
far above the pence level owing to the
extra consumption In supplying the
armies. This demand Is now again In
creased by the mobilization of a large
American army. In the face of this,
not only Is the Kurop-an herd decreas
ing, but also American sheep have de
creased about 3.0O0.I wo since the war
begun. After the war Is over, the va
rious countries of the world from
which we formerly drew our wool are
likely to retain It for their own use
until their (locks ngnlu become normal.
Sugar.
The sugar supply on which our allies
In Kurope normally draw has been
tremendously reduced, so that they
must have recourse to other sources.
In consequence of the shipping situa
tion the area from which they must
draw Is also curtailed and, us a result,
they are driven Into those markets
from which our own supply normally
arises. Furthermore, their own pro
duction has been greatly diminished.
Before the war, Kurope supplied In a
large measure Its own needs, through
the production of beet sugar, ns will
appear from the following table show
ing the average yearly production ami
Consumption for the live years before
the war (!000:1013), In some of the
chief countries of Kurope:
Prod'n. Consump Surp. (t)
(short (short or defl-
tons) tons) ciency -)
Cermnny 2.62R.SH9 1,299.515 tt,22,314
Aumrla 1,651. 8S9 679.204 t 972.6M1
HiiKHla 1,6.'9.947 1.322.2S5 t 337.662
United
Kinwdom 2.056,000 -tV..nflo
Kranee 752.542 704,830 t 47.712
Italy 211.050 190.000 t 2I.O50
Helnlum 279.91$ 120.3511 t 159.660
Holland 246.146 131.538 t U4.WS
As nppenrs from the table, France,
Italy, Kiissln and Belgium were self-
supporting, while the United Kingdom
drew Its entire sugar supply from ex
terior sources. The supply of the Unit
ed Kingdom came to the amount of
about 70 per cent from countries from
which It Is now cut off by the war.
Ten per cent came from the Fast In
dies nnd 20 per cent from the United
States nnd the West Indies.
The prospective 1918 crop In France
has diminished to 207,000 tons nnd
that of Italy to 75.000 toils, and they
are therefore short 500,000 tons. The
displacement nf United Kingdom sup
plies amounts to 1,435,000 Ions; and
therefore, In total, these three allied
countries must Import about 2,700,000
tons In order to maintain their normal
consumption. Ot this, 2,000,000 tons
must come from new sources.
The disturbance of shipping re
duces the tonage available and drives
the demand to a large degree upon the
prince hasn't visited Odawara this
summer."
Few Feet Are Perfect
How many bones In your feet? Most
likely you don't know. Few people do,
and it ls usually n surprise to learn
that there are so many and that tho
foot ls about the most complicated
and delicately constructed part of the
body. That Is, perhaps, the reason
why at least 75 per. cent of all udults
have some kind of foot trouble.
Dr. Wllllum M. Scholl of Chlctigo, on
nearest markets, tho United States
und the West Indies. This Held has
since the wur Increased Its production
by 1,000,000 tons per annum. How fur
this deinund will Interfere with the
American supply of 4,000,000 tons Is
difficult to forecast, first, becnuse some
Increased supplies niuy be obtained by
the utiles from the Kust Indies, und,
second, because the allies have re
duced their consumption to some ex
tent. In uny event, If all the enemies of
Germany ure to be supplied, there
must be economy In consumption
everywhere. The normal American
consumption Is about 00 pounds per
person per annum and Is Just double
the French consumption.
Vegetables.
We have this yenr a most ubundnnt
crop of vegetables for our use as a re
suit of a patriotic endeavor almost
universal throughout the country. Our
potato harvest alone promises nn In
crease from 285,(XM),000 bushels last
year to over 400,WJ),000 bushels this
year. Tho other vegetables are like
wise enormously Incrensed through
the planting and extension of millions
of gardens. The sweet potato crop
promises to be from 10 to 20 per 'cent
above what It was last year, and the
commercial crop of sweet corn for
canning purposes ls estimated to be
from 20 to 30 per cent nbove that of
last year. The commercial crop of
tomatoes for cunning purposes will
probably be somewhere between 10
and 20 per cent above what It was last
year. There Is an Increase tu the acre
age of lute onions of about 54 per cent
over the area harvested In 1910.
Fish and Sea Foods.
The waters of our coasts nnd bikes
ure enormously rich In food fish and
shell fish. Our streams, too, contribute
a great quantity of fish. Many vnrle
tles ore now not used for human food,
but are thrown nwuy or used for ferti
lizer. Ilnblt has confined our use of
fish to a few varieties, und Inadequate
methods of commercial handling have
limited our use of these largely to only
certain days In the week. With better
marketing facilities, with better under
standing of bow to use the most varie
ties, with proper preservation by
st' 'ug nnd salting nnd by establish
ing plants for frozen fish, we enn in
crease greatly our supply nnd thus re
lieve largely the pressure due to the
Inadequate supply of meat. We only
have lo harvest our own fish supply.
It feeds Itself. Kvery fish eaten Is
that much gained In solving the pres
ent problem of living. The products
of the land n; conserved by eating
those of the sea..
Our Duty.
'I have endeavored to show In previ
ous articles that the world Is short of
food; that Kurope ls confronted with
the grim specter of starvation unless
from our abundance and our waste we
keep the wolf from the door. Not only
must we have n proper use of our food
supply In order that we may furnish
our allies with the sinews with which
they may light our battles, but It Is
an act of humanity towards follow
men, women and children.
By the diversion of millions nf men
from production to war, by the occu
pation of bind by armies, by the Iso
lation of markets, by belligerent lines,
and by the destruction of shipping by
submarines, not only has the home pro
duction of our allies fallen by over
500,iMM),lMM) bushels of grain, but they
are thrown upon us for a much larger
proportion of their normal Imports for
merly obtained from other markets.
They have reduced consumption at
every point, but inch in the trenches,
men In the .shops, uml the million of
women placed at physical labor re
quire more food than during peace
times, und the Incidence of their saving
nnd any shortage which they may suf
fer, falls first upon women and chil
dren. If this privation becomes too
great, their peoples cannot be main
tained constant in the war, ami we will
be left alone to tight the battle of
democracy with Germany.
The problem nf food conservation Is
one of ninny complexions. We cannot,
nnd we do not wish, with our free In
stitutions uml our largo resources of
food, to imitate Kurope In Its policed
rationing, but we must voluntarily nnd
Intelligently assume the responsibility
before us as one in which everyone
has a direct und Inescapable interest.
We must increase our export of foods
to the allies, uml In the circumstances
of our shipping situation, these exports
lrtust be of the most concentrated
foods. These lire whent, (lour, beef,
pork nnd dairy products. We have oth
er foods in great abundance which we
can use Instead of these commodities,
nnd we can prevent wastes in a thou
sand directions. We must guard the
drainage of exports from the United
States, that we retain a proper supply
for our own country, nnd we must
adopt such measures ns will amelior
ate, so fur ns may be, the price condi
tions of our less fortunnte. We might
so drain the supplies from the country
to Kurope ns by the high prices thut
would follow to f;" our people to
shorten their constmii.': n. This oper
ntlon of "normal ecu. Mnic forces"
would starve that element if the com
munity to whom we owe the most pro
tection. Wo must try to impose the
burden equally upon all.
Action Must Be Voluntary.
There ls no royul road to food con
servation. We can only accomplish
this by the voluntnry action of our
whole people, each clement In propor
tion to Its means. It is a matter of
equality of burden; a matter of min
ute saving and substitution nt every
point In the 20,000,000 kitchens, on the
20,000,000 dinner tables and In the 2,
000,000 manufacturing, wholesale und
retail establishments of the country.
The task Is thus In Its essence the dally
individual service of all the people.
Kvery group can substitute and even
authority on foot troubles und their
mechniilcnl correction, snys not one
adult In 100 bus feet that are com
pletely free from defects. He has made
a life study of the subject and hiis
patented a great number of appli
ances for correcting defective condi
tions and giving comfort.
Dog Aids War Horses.
In Victorlu, British Columbia, there
Is a successful collector for the Blue
Cross fund for horses disabled In war.
Uls nume Is Prince and ho U a New-
the great mnjorlty of thrifty people J
cun save a little und the more luxurl- j
ous elements or the population can ny
reduction to simple living save much.
The tinnl result of substituting other
products and saving one pound of
wheat flour, two ounces of fats, seven
ounces of sugar and seven ounces of
meat weekly, by each person, will,
when we have multiplied this by one
hundred million, have incrensed our
exports to the amounts absolutely re
quired by our allies. This means no
more than that we should eat plenty,
but eat wisely nnd without waste.
Food conservation hus other aspects
of utmost Importance. Wars must be
paid for by savings. We must save
In the consumption In commodities and
tho consumption of unproductive la
bor In order that we may divert our
manhood to the army and to the shops.
If by the reduction In consumption ot
labor und the commodities that It pro
duces and the diversion of this saving
to that labor and those commodities
demanded by the wur, we shall be able
to fight to eternity. We cun mortgage
our future savings for a little while,
but n piling up of mortgages ts hut a
short step toward bankruptcy. Kvery
atom that we save is uvuiluble for sub
scription to Liberty bonds.
The whole of Kurope bus been en
gaged ever since the wur began In the
elimination of waste, the simplification
of life, and the Increase of its Indus
trial capacity. When the war Is oter
the consuming power of the world will
be reduced by tbtv. loss of prosperity
and man power, nnd we shall enter u
period of competition without parallel
In ferocity. After the wur, we must
maintain our foreign markets If our
working people nre to he employed.
We shall be in no position to compete
If we continue to live on tho same
bnsls of wuste and extravagance on
which we have lived hitherto. Simple,
temperate living Is a moral Issue of the
first order nt uny time, nnd any other
basis of conduct during the wur be
comes a wrong ngnlnst the Interest of
the country nnd the Interest of
democracy.
The Impact of the food shortage of
Kurope lias knocked at every door of
the United States during the past three
years. The prices of foodstuffs have
nearly doubled, uml the reverberations
of Kurope's Increasing shortage would
have thundered twice ns loudly dur
ing the coming year even had we not
entered the war, nnd It can now only
be mitigated It we cun exert a strong
control ami this In mnny directions.
We nre today In an era of high
prices. We must maintain prices nt
such a level as will stimulate produc
tion, for we are faced by a starving
world and the value of a commodity to
the hungry ls greuter than Its price.
As a result of tho world shortage of
supplies, our consumers have suffered
from speculation and extortion. While
wuges for some kinds of labor have
Increased with the rise In food prices,
In others, It has been difficult to main
tain our high standard of nutrition.
By the elimination of waste In all
classes, by the reduction In tho con
sumption of foodstuffs by the more for
tunate, we shall incrense our supplies
not only for export but for home, and
by Incrensed supplies we can help In
the amelioration of prices.
For Better Distribution.
Beyond tills the duty has been laid
upon the food administration to co op
crate with the patriotic men In trades
and commerce, that we may eliminate
the evils which have grown into our
system of distribution, that the bur
den may fall equitably upon all by res.
toratlon, so far us may be, of the nor
mil course of trade. It Is the purpose
of the food administration to use Its
utmost power uml the utmost ublllty
that patriotism can assemble to aiuell-
orate lids situation to such n degree ns
may he possible.
The food administration is assem
bling the best expert advice In the
country on home economics, on food
utilization, on trade practices and
trade wastes, and on the conduct ot
public' eating places, and we shall out
line from time to time detailed sugges
tions, which If honestly carried out by
such Individuals In the country, we be
lieve will effect the result which wo
must attain. Wo are asking every
home, every public euUng place and
many trades, to sign a pledge card
to accept these directions, so far as
their circumstances permit, nnd we are
organizing various instrumentalities to
ameliorate speculation. We are osk
Ing the men of the country who ore
not actually engaged In the handling
of food to sign similar pledges that
they shall see ti) It, so fur as they nre
utile, that these directions are followed.
We are asking all who wish us well
and who undertake our servlco to be
come actual members ot the food ad
ministration, Just ns much volunteers
In national service as we ourselves are,
so thut thus the food administration
mny not be composed of a small body
of men In Washington nnd a small
representation In each ntnte, but may
become a body of 50,000,000 people,,
devoted absolutely to the services nf
democracy. We hope to see tho In
signia of membership In every patri
otic window In the country.
Autocracy finds Its strength In Its
nbllity to impose organization by
force from the top. The essence of
democracy consists in the application
of the Initiative In its own people. If
Individualism cannot he so organized
as to defend itself, then democracy Is a
faith which cannot stand. We nre
seeking to impose no organization from
the top. We nre asking the American
people to organize from the bottom up,
and this Is the essence of democracy
Itself.
The call of patriotism, of humuuity
and of duty rings clear and Insistent.
We must heed It If we nre to defend
our Ideals, mnlntuln our form of iftiv
eminent, nnd safeguard our future wel
fare
foundland. For months, with his box,
decorated with the Blue Cross,
strapped to his collar,. I'rlnce hns
served his king und country as faith
fully nnd aa true ns any subject of
George V, by petitioning alms for the
horses wounded and suffering In the
greut wiir.
Wise.
"A man should take the bull by the
horns," advised the saga.
"Yes," agreed the fool. "The trouble
Is to find a bull that will stand for it."
KiTOJlONAL
awrsaiflOL
Lesson
(By REV. P. B. F1TZWATKR, D. O,
Tuaoher of English Bible In the Moody
Blbln Institute of Chicago.)
(Copyright, 117, Wtslern Nawspsper Unloa.)
LESSON FOR AUGUST 26.
THE CAPTIVITY OF JUDAH.
LESSON TEXT-II Kings 2S:I-2V
GOLDEN TEXT As I live, salttl thej
Ix)rd God, I have no pleasure In the
death of the wleked. Kseklel 33:11.
Muny yeurs nfter the kingdom ot
Israel was taken captive by the As
syrians, Jiiilah was carried away to
Babylon. Judah's captivity was lo
three, stages, covering about twenty
yeurs. The first deportation was while
Jeholuktm wus king. Daniel and hit
friends went Into cuptlvity ut this
time (Dun, 1 :l-0). The seventy years
captivity dates from this time. Th
second deportation was while Jehola- '
klm reigned. Most likely Ezeklel was
carried nwuy with this second com
puny (Kzeklel 1:1-2). The third de
portation, some twelve years utter the
second, Is the one described In our les
son. At this time the greuter port ot
the nation wus removed to Babylon.
Only the poor and unimportant wert
left. Jerusalem Itself was destroyed
at this time.
1. Jerusalem . Besieged (vv. 1-3).
Zcdekluh owed his kingship to the king ,
ot Bubylon (chapter 24:17), who ap
pointed him to the throne after the re
moval of Jeholukim. Ills, name was
changed from Muttunluh to Zedekinh.
lie was not a good nmn (24:10).
Though having his position by tho will
of the king of Bubylon, he rebelled
against that king. He thought that by
the aid of the surrounding nations,
especially Egypt, he could throw off
tho yoke of Bubylon. Jeremiah coun
seled submission, but the king refused.
Nebuchudnezzar ciimo in person with
ail his host and laid siege to Jerusalem,
even building forts against It (v. 1).
This siege lasted for about a year and
a half. For a while during thnt period
the Chaldean army withdrew because
of the appearance of Pharaoh's army
(Jer. 87:5). Shut oft from help from
without, the Jews soon were famish
ing for want of bread. Tho horrors of
this famine were awful. For a descrip
tion of It one should read tho book ot
Lamentations. Mothers ate their own
children (Lam. 4:10). The richest, even '
ladles In silken robes, wandered about
searching for scraps In the dung heaps
(Lam. 4:5-10). Their tongues clave
'to the roofs of their months, nnd their
skins were dried up. Added to these
horrors were murderous fights between
parties among the Jews. Some wanted
to surrender; others Insisted upon
holding out.
II. Zedekiah's Flight (w. 4-7). Al
length the city was broken up, and the
king and his warriors fled by night. Ills
thought was to escnpe to tho country
beyond tho Jordan. Tho Chntdcnn
army overtook him, scattered his army,
nnd carried Zedekinh to Itlblnh, where
Nebuchadnezzar had his headquarters.
Here Judgment was passed upon him.
In his trlnl It was shown that his
solemn onth of alleglnnce to the Chal
deans hnd been broken, thus showing
himself a traitor (TI Chron. 80:13). As
a punishment for his trenchory his own
sons were slain before him, his eyes
put out (v. 7), nnd ho himself carried
to Babylon, where he remained a pris
oner till his death (Jer. C2 :11). In this
we novo a marvelous fulfillment ot
prophecy (Ezeklel 12:3), which says
that Zedekinh shall bo taken to Baby
lon and die there and yet not see the
city. He could not see It becnuse his
eyes were out. Let ns learn from this
that that which God says will surely
come to pnss, even though we cannot
explain Its details.
III. The Destruction of the City (rr.
8-10). Not only were the people taken
captive, but the city Itself was sub
jected to the utmost rigors of war,
They plundered the house of the Lord,
the palace and the houses of the rich,
and then consigned them to the flames
(v. 9). They even broke down tho
walls of Jerusalem (. 10) nnd mas
sacred mnny of the people (Lam.
2;3. 4). .
' IV. Disposition of the Inhabitants
and the Contents of the Temple (vv.
11-21). 1. The Inhabitants (vv. 11, 12).
They were divided Into two clnsses,
those who had deserted to tho Baby
lonians during the siege and those who
were found Inside of tho city nt tho
time It was tuken. Muny doubtless de
serted to the Babylonians during this
siege, as even Jcrcmlnh was arrested
on this chnrgo (Jer. 38:13). The poor
of the land wero left to be vine dress
ers nnd Jhusbandmen. The wealthy
and Influential were token away, as
they would bo of value to the conquer
ing nation; besides they would be ft
menace If left behind. The poor were
loft because pauper captives would be
a burden.
Besides it was very undesirable
for the land to lie In waste, as then
they could not exact tribute from It.
To that end encouragement was given
by the Babylonians as "vineyards and
fields" were given to the poor.
2. The contents of the temple (rr.
13-21). From the temple which had
been twice plundered before (II Chron.
30:7, 10), such of gold, silver and
bronze vessels as still remained were
taken, even the great pillars of the
molten sen. The captives and the treas
ure were delivered to Nebuchndnesza
at Roblnh, where more than threescore
of men were killed (vv. 19-21).
Be Not Remiss.
Tho friendly word, tho kindly usages
of companionship and recollection, are
never more acceptable Uian In strenu
ous days like these. It Is well to let
conduct glvo the lie to the cynical
proverb, "Out of sight out of mind."
Buffalo (N. T.) Times.
i vwi in Vs Mi
Kerrigan Do ye think, Kelly, thstj
nfther th' war th' wur-rkln payple M
Europe will git a square deal! J
Kelly They will Iv they deacar-roj
th' kings, guanes an' knaves 1 Life, J