THE POOR MAN'S TOOLS.
The poor man's pick and -hover tend progression on her way;
Wake enterprise move faster and bring commerce here to stay.
They route mnn'a field of labor, mark hia boundaries of toil
And produce the wealth of nations from the bed-rock and the soil.
The poor man's pick and shovel loose emancipation'! chain,
And carry education o'er the prairie and the plain.
They found the mighty city and the mansions of the rich.
Prepare the tombs of millionaires and dig the pauper's ditch.
The poor man's drill and hammer rend the caverns of the earth;
Uring forth the golden nugget and the ores of priceless worth.
They pierce old nature's secrets, and reveal, as ages roll.
Th knowledge that is needed to light science to her goal.
, Laura W. Sheldon, in the New York Times.
THE WILBUR WILL.
By ALICE TURNER CURTIS.
Holding up the sample of fink
cashmere, Constance Wilbur looked
at It admiringly. "How many yard
would It take for a dress, mother?"
the asked, wistfully.
"Eight," responded Mrs. Wilbur,
briefly. She was a little out of pa
tience with Constance on the subject
of pink cashmere. Ever since the
question of Constance's going to Ma
son Academy the next tall had been
settled, the girl had seemed to think
that a dress of this kind was neces
sary to complete her equipment. She
had inherited certain qualities of per
sistence from her father's family.
"I don't see why all Aunt Edith's
dresses are blues and grays," re
marked Constance. "At least, all
that she sends to me are."
"There are two white dresses, a
tcrge and a dotted muslin," replied
Mrs. Wilbur, who was even then en
gaged in ripping up the seams of a
oft gray wool affair, "and you ought
to be glad enough, Constance, that
your Aunt Edith sent this box of
clothes. We couldn't have managed
to have bought you so many dresses.
You will have enough for a year."
"Just the same, you would have
bought me a pink cashmere if Aunt
Edith had not sent that box," persist
ed Constance.
Mrs. Wilbur smiled. "Well, my
dear, very likely I should; but it
would have been your only dress-up
gown. You would have had to wear
It on all occasions. Very likely you
would have been known at school as
'the girl with the pink dress.' Now
you will have this pretty gray voile,
the blue chiffon and the two white
dresses. Besides that, every dollar
counts with your father this year."
"This sample Is only one dollar a
yard," said Constance, smoothing the
delicate wool between her fingers.
Mrs. Wilbur made no reply, and
Constance, after a pleading look to
ward her mother, picked up her books
and left the room.
"I could buy one yard of it," she
thought, as she went down the street
on a delayed errand. "I have exactly
one dollar."
And without thought of the neces
sary car fares that the dollar was in
tended to pay for, Constance promptly
turned her steps toward the store
from which she had obtained the
ample.
The clerk held up fold after fold
of the delicately tinted cashmere, and
Constance's ' eyes brightened ' as she
admired it. "It's just like a pink
rose," she declared.
The clerk glanced at the girl smil
ingly. "Just the shade to wear with
brown eyes and brown hair," he re
marked. "I only want one yard," said Con
stance, and suddenly remembered the
car fares and a much-needed pair of
gloves. "I'd rather wear shabby
gloves than lose this!" she exclaimed.
"Gloves?" said the clerk. "Two
counters down toward the front," and
Constance picked up tho small pack
age, put down the one dollar, and
walked briskly out.
The yard of cashmere was put care,
fully away in a small trunk, where
Constance stored her treasures; and
Constance, the pink sample still In
her purse, watched the advertlse
meats of mark-downs with anxious
eyes. She said no more about a pink
cashmere, and Mrs. Wilbur congratu
lated herself that, after all, Constance
had seen the folly of teasing for a
dress which she did not need and
which her father could not afford to
purchase.
Before the summer was over Mrs.
Wilbur had occasion to speak to Con
stance on the subject of the use of
money.
"I know, my dear girl, that your
allowance is 801811," she remarked
one day, with a disapproving glance
at Constance's worn ribbon belt, "but
I am sure it Is sufficient for the little
things that we eipect you to buy for
yourself. Your gloves are shabby,
and that belt la really worn out."
Constance flushed, but-she made no
explanation. Mrs. .Wilbur lghed a
little, finding an excuse for Constance
In the thought that a girl of sixteen
doubtless found soda-water, choco
lates and car rides of even more im
portance than freBh gloves and fault
less belt ribbons.
"I suppose mother would think that
I had thrown my money away If she
could see these!" chuckled Constance
that evening, as she opened her treas
ure trunk and took out a carefully
wrapped package. ,
She undid the wrappings and
pread the .contents out on her bed.
There were eight or nine pieces of
Pale pink cashmere. The longest
strip was the first yard purchased,
for which Constance had recklessly
Paid one dollar. How often she had
' regretted her haste, for that week
he bad discovered that there were
uch things as remnant sales. Sam
In hand, she bad gone from store
Jo store, turning over piles of short
length cashmeres, now and then suo
ceaiifui la securing a match for her
goods.
Pieces of three-fourths of a yard
nd been aecured for twenty-five
cents, a remnant of a quarter of a
Jard bad been bought for five cents.
She was sure that two yards more
would give her material enough for
ress, but time for sales was grow.
"g short. In two weeks more she
euld have to start for Uason Acad
emy, and Constance realized that to
make this dress would require not
only patience and planning, but more
work and time than would go to the
making of an ordinary gown.
"It will have to be tucked and
tucked and tucked to hide the plec
ings," Constance decided, "but I'll do
It all, and I'm sure that mother will
help me plan It, for If anybody ever
earned anything, I've earned a pink
dress." And Constance recalled her
many tiresome tramps during the
warm summer days from store to
Btore, her many disappointments, and
the doing without of all the little
things which she had been accus
tomed to spend money for, but which
for the past six months she had reso
lutely denied herself.
"Your things are all ready now,
dear," said Mrs. Wilbur, a few days
later. "I don't think that you will
need anything in the way of dresses
for an entire year; and you can go
out to Aunt Edith's Saturday for a
week and get a breath of the country.
I am sorry that you have had to stay
In the city all summer, hut, as you
hear me say so often, every dollar has
to count."
"Mother, I'd rather not go out to
Aunt Edith's," Constance said. There
was to be a remnant sale on Saturday.
It would be her last chance, she
thought, and she must not miss It.
Mrs. Wilbur looked at her daughter
in surprise; then her face softened.
some way to get a pink cashmere,"
and Constance looked up at her fa
ther.
TTe nodded understandingly. "Wil
bur all over," he said.
"You see, my allowance Just covers
things," went on Constance, "so at
first I bought one yard off the piece.
After that I learned about remnant
sales, and, dad, I've bought the rest
In remnants. I've got the last piece
here. There are over nine yards in
all eleven pieces of them and they
cost me three dollars and twenty
cents."
"What did your mother say," ques
tioned Mr. Wilbur, "and how on earth
are you going to make a dress out of
those bits?"
"Mother doesn't, know anything
about it," said Constance. "But It
was all my own money, dad. I just
went without some little things. I
suppose it will he lots of work to
make It. Do you suppose that mother
will care?"
"I suppose she will think that you
are a Wilbur, all right!" chuckled
her father. "Talk about persistence!
Well, I guess there are not many
girls of sixteen who would have
strength of will enough to have
earned a dress that way. For as I
look at it, Constance, you have earned
every yard of that dress."
"There Is only quarter of a yard in
one piece," said Constance.
Mr. Wilbur laughed again, and re
garded her approvingly. "Now run
home and show your pieces to moth
er," he said, "and tell her all about
It. And if any trlmmlngB are needed,
Just let me know."
"I've saved a dollar for those,"
replied Constance.
"Mother, I've got a pink cashmere
dress," said the girl, as Bhe brought!
her bundle of remnants into the sit
ting room.
Mrs. Wilbur looked up with a little
smile. "So you met your father.
Well, my dear, he seemed to think
you deserved the dress, even if you
did not need It, and I was weak
minded enough to give In. You see,
when a Wilbur is really determined
about anything, somebody has to give
in."
"But, mother, I remembered that
every dollar counted this year, and so
father did not have to buy it. I
bought it myself In remnants," and
Constance rapidly told the story of
the remnant sales, holding up piece
Keep These Twelve Things
in Mind.
The value of time. Lost capital may be restored by dili
gent use of experience; time lost Is lost forever.
The success of perserverance. "Keeping everlastingly at
It" always brings the hoped-for results.
The pleasure of working. The only really unhappy, rich
or poor, are the Idle.
The dignity of simplicity. When the "frills" are off the
man is "on."
The worth of character. In the last analysis the only
real value Is a clear conscience.
The power of kindness. It wins when all coercive meas
ures fail.
,The Influence of example. Practice does more than pre
cept, in showing the way.
The obligation of duty. Your concern should not be so
much what you get, as what you do for what you get.
The wisdom of economy. The man who saves makes
more than he saves.
The virtue of patience. , "All things come to him who
waits."
The Improvement of talent. Talent Is the only capital
which compounds Itself by exercise.
The Joy of originating. The happiest man is he who does
the best thing first. The Master Printer.
"It's the child's last week at home,"
she said to herself, "and she wants
to stay with her father and me as
long as possible." So she replied in a
very tender tone, "Very well, dear,"
and a load was lifted from Con
stance's mind. She had feared that
her mother might insist' upon the
visit.
Early Saturday morning Constance
was at the store advertising the rem
nant sale. As she eagerly turned
over the pile of delicately tinted cash
meres, she heard her own name
spoken, and glanced up, to see her
father standing beside her.
"Why, father," she exclaimed,
"what are you after?"
"I'm afraid you'll tell," he replied,
soberly. .
Constance laughed. She and ber
father were always the best of com
panions, and as she looked up into
his kindly face, she reBolved that she
would tell him all about the remnant
dress.
"I won't tell, honor bright," she
responded, laughingly.
"Well; I want to buy a present for
a young lady who Is going away to
school," be said. "It is to be a sur
prise present, you see, and I want to
be very sure that she will like It."
"Of course she will," declared Con
stance. "This young lady belongs to rather
a queer family," went on Mr. Wilbur;
"at least, soma people say so. I al
ways admired the family very much
myself. Well, this girl wanted a pink
dress I happened to hear quite by
accident and she didn't get over
wanting It; and I thought to myself
that, being tike ber father, she might
think that dress was of more Impor
tance than it really Is, so I have start
ed out this morning to buy eight
yards of pink cashmere."
"But you can't afford It!" ex
claimed Constance.
"I am going to afford it," Mr. Wll
bur declared, so firmly that Con
stance laughed again. "That is, it
you will go with me and select the
right color."
"Watt just a moment, dad," for
Constance's glance had fallen upon
two lengths of rose-colored cashmere,
"There's a yard in one piece and a
yard and a halt in the other, miss,"
said the clerk. "You can have the
two pieces for eighty cents."
"Now, dad," said Constance, having
paid for ber purchase, "I bave a story
to tell you about your only daughter.
I suppose mother baa told you bow
much I wanted a pink dress?" Mr.
Wilbur started as If surprised.
"Yes, I did," said Constance, laugh
ing, "and the more I thought about
tt the more I wanted It. You tee,
Aunt Edith'a clothes are not Just the
colors 1 Ilka best, and I Just made
up my mind, that I must think, out
after piece of cashmere before her
mother's astonished eyes, as she de
scribed how she had acquired it. and
told of her long walks to save car
fares, and the series of. other small
economies.
"I haven't bought an ice cream
soda this summer!" she concluded,
dramatically, and Jolned'in her moth
er's laughter.
"It will be almost like making the
cloth," declared Mrs. Wilbur, holding
up the narrow strips, "but by tuck
ing, I'm pretty sure that the piecing
won't show."
"That's what I thought," agreed
Constance, happily.
The cashmere was undoubtedly the
most becoming of Constance's gowns,
and although it was spoken of as "the
remnant dress" by Constance and her
mother, Mr. Wilbur always referred
to it aa "the Wilbur will dress."
Youth's Companion.
Have Their Troubles.
Samuel Compere, at the recent con
vention in Washington of the Civic
Federation, said of children:
"Children should be protected from
wage slavery, for, when free as air,
they bave eneugU trouble, dear
knows.
"Walking along an East Side street
I came on two tiny tots, the smaller
of whom was bawling as If to break
bis lungs.
"A window opened and a little girl
shrieked:
" 'Tommy, who's been a-hlttin' of
" 'Nobody's been a-blttln' of him,'
the larger tot answered. 'He's awal
lered a worm.' "Washington Star
Decline of "Head Hunting."
The last fiscal year was a poor on
for head bunting In the Philippines.
The total Igorrota collections for the
year amounted to but fourteen ipoci
mens. The Director of tha Philippine
Constabulary, Brigadier - General
Bandholtz, states in bla annual re
port that head hunting is now a mat
ter of individual rather than tribal
taste. During the previous year forty-four
heads were taken, and Gen
ral Bandholts believes tbat the prac
tice could be) almost entirely stopped
by stationing a few more soldiers at
points where it still exists. New
York Press.
The Truth at Lnt.
Hub (with Irritation) "Why is it
that you women insist upon having
the last word?"
Wife (calmly) "Wa don't. The
only reason we get it is because we
always have a dozen arguments left'
when you stupid men are all run
out." Boston Traascrlnt.
Cheerful Dining.
Where nourishment and health are
concerned laughter and good will are
vigorous promoters of the digestive
functions. The court Jester was a
valuable piece of dining room furni
ture In olden times, and a good
natured and cheerful guest who keeps
up a lively and entertaining conversa
tion at table does more to aid diges
tion than all the nostrums ever in
vented. Woman's Life.
A Short IJIograptiy.
"This is the life of little me. I am
the wife of Beerbohm Tree." Thus
Lady Beerbohm Tree when asked to
write her "life' surely .the shortest
autobiography on record. Lady Tree
's shortly to appear on the variety
stage, and patrons of the music halls
will then have an opportunity of see
ing one of our very cleverest and
most distinguished actresses; for, be
side her histrionic gifts, Lady Tree
from an early age developed a taste
lor classics and mathematics. Her
favorite subject was Greek, at which
she was most learned, and many years
ago she took part In a Greek play
before an audience which Included
so distinguished a classical authority
as tho late Mr. Gladstone. Tlt-Blts.
ci
.5-
o
si-
1 1
a
. S I
Success With Dinners.
Success in dinner giving is some
thing like success with flowers. The
guests must be grouped as artistically
with regard to congeniality as the
flowers are with reference to color
and form, and both must have the
right sort of environment. The room
must be 7joI, but not too cool, and
the viands must be well chosen, well
than ever this season owing to the
extraordinary popularity of Jet and
the new favor extended to Chant Illy.
The run on black Chantllly has been
so great tbat the French makers are
having positively to refuse to take
any more orders for the present for
this beautiful lace.
Many handsome evening frocks are
being made of rich black velvet with
dull silver embroideries. The trans
parent black Jet studded net evening
frock also has Its place in the spring
fashions, with trimmings and reliev
ing notes of color on the corsage and
the waist belt. Often the Jet appears
only In fine embroideries or paillettes
on a tunic or net, which falls over
a soft clinging robe of moussellne de
sole or satin charmeuse. Philadel
phia Ledger.
PInn For Baby Exchange.
More than passing consideration Is
being given a recent suggestion look,
lng to the establishment of a regular
"baby exchange," that would supply
babies to and receive them from cli
ents in accordance with their several
needs. At present the foundling hos
pitals and kindred Institutions are the
principal resort of those who wish to
adopt children, and for those who
have strong views on heredity these
poor waifs are always under a certain
suspicion; but a wealthy New York
woman who advertised privately the
other day offering a child all com
forts and a real home was surprised
at the number of replies she got from
honest and hard working fathers and
mothers who felt they had too many
children to do full Justice to all in
their upbringing. The "baby ex-
Cocoamit Pudding One pint of milk, two eggs, two ta
blespoonfuls of cocoanut, one-half cup cracker scrumbs, one
saltspoonful of salt, one teaspoonful of vanilla. Beat eggs
separately, adding yolks to the milk and then mixing with
cocoanut and salted cracker crumbs; flavor and bake a half
hour. Make a meringue of the whites of two eggs and one
cup of sugar. Put on pudding after it is baked and return it
to oven to brown. Serve with cream. This is good either
hot or cold.
cooked and well served. The lights
must neither be too dim nor too
bright, and the flowers should have
but little odor, for, however delicious,
the fragrance of flowers grows heavy
as the evening wears on. With all
this and congeniality, a dinner cannot
fall, and in those few hours one can
get better acquainted with those on
either side than would be possible In
weeks under less favorable circum
stances. New York Tribune.
Commercial Instinct.
"It is the fashion nowadays to
sneer at .the commercial Instinct, and
to despise it as something common
and vulgar; bu in reality it Is noth
ing of the sort. The essence of vul
garity is the concealment of vulgarity.
The common man who knows that he
is common ceases to be common by
this knowledge; by realizing that he
is not a gentleman he almost becomes
one. The really vulgar people are the
people who are forever pretending
.that they are not vulgar; the truly
ill-bred are those who are constantly
parading their gentility. There is
nothing that Is vulgar in itself; it
only becomes vulgar when it pretends
to be something else. Therefore the
commercial instinct is never a com
mon instinct, except when it Bets it
self up as not being commercial at
all." Ellen Thornycroft Fowler, in
Home Notes,
N'o Shame.
In Turkey there is no shame at
tached to slavery. Can the same be
said of our domestic service? Should
a servant marry a rich man here and
be raised into the ornamental class
would Bhe not find It hard to live
down her former state? In Turkey
the mother of Sultan Abdul was 'a
slave, as is the wife of the Khedive
of Egypt, and no disgrace attaches
to the fact. It is this which primarily
differentiates Turkish slavery from
what we are accustomed to associate
with the word this and the fact tbat
the slaves do not come from an in
ferior and servile race, but from
among themselves. There is no caste
In Turey. All persons below the
Sultan are equal before Allah. Every
man and woman has a chance to rise,
according to bis personality his in
telligence, charm or beauty. Metro
politan Magazine.
Dressmakers Haunt Picture Galleries.
Parisian dressmakers are seeking
inspiration for evening modes In the
picture galleries. There is always
more latitude allowed in the fashion
Inn of dresses that are to be worn
by night than in the tailor made, or
even the elegant afternoon gown; and
it Is safe to prophesy that for even
ing the period gown will hare a suc
cessful vogue. The terms are almost
synonymous, for it Ib the paintings
of the Louis XV. and XVI. period
that are guiding the modistes.
This means the coming of the
pointed, tight fitting corsage, the
tucks, and the draped skirt.
The vleux rose tints which have
bad such a long Inning are to be al
lowed to bave a rest, perhaps only a
brief one. A pale amber shade, cu
riously becoming to both fair and
dark haired women, Is one of the
newest colors for evening. Inciden
tally It is a perfect background to the
mass of gleaming Jet which trims so
many of the smartest gowns. The
delicate mlguonette green of the sum
mer Is another shade which shows up
well under the electric light. Blue
is a' color that has often been es
chewed in the past because of the dif
ficulty of choosing a shade wbich
looks well under artificial light.
There a several blue notably the
pastel tones, Serves and Nattier,
which can be worn with safety in iht
evening.
White is, of course, always wum,
and tho indispensable black evemug
gown Is, it anything, mora delectable
change," as proposed at present,
would be established In some healthy
country district not too far from town
and conducted by a regular staff of
physicians, nurses and matrons. Due
scrutiny would be made as to the
character and motives of the parents
to guard against the abuse of the in
stitution by the neglectful or improv
ident; but it is believed by the group
of women who are now working out
the details of the scheme that such an
Institution might prove of the utmost
general advantage, relieving the chil
dren from poverty and suffering and
simplifying the problem for those who
wUh to adopt a baby. New York
Press.
Diamonds and poarls are the ruling
jewels for great occasions.
Attractive skirts and waists are
joined in semi-princess style.
Broadcloth, in pale shades. Is high
ly popular for evening gowns.
Skirts of zibellne, in stripes and
plaids, are worn with plain coats.
Collars and lappels are wide and
long on nearly all coats and jackets.
Coats distinctively separate and for
dressy wear are long and rather full.
Gold and silver cloth is used as lin
ing to the sheer net yoke and sleeves
For evening wear satins of more or
less lustre are holding on tenaciously.
Fur trimming has appeared on
some of the moBt notable opera
gowns.
Jersey top petticoats are still pop
ular and promise to Increase in de
mand. White gilt buckles are still In evl
donee; some fancy footwear has buck
les matching the color of the gown.
The tucked sleeve Is smaller than
the one 'which is plain and either
may be made in the full or shorter
length.
White jet plays a leading part In
decorating young girls' dance frocks,
and It also decorates white and black
gowns.
Instead of satin for brides, this
year will witness the dawning star
of all dull finish crepe surface ma
terial. ,
For dressing sacques flannels and
albatross are very appropriate as well
as cotton crepe and other wash ma
terials. Dutch collars will be worn In the
house because of their comfort, but
for modish street wear they will be
less seen.
The beautiful willow plumes are
coming into their own again after the
rage for fruit trimmings on late sea
son hats.
There Is no trimming on a waist
which gives it so much individuality
as a touch of hafnd embroidery work
or braiding.
. Pekin messallne Is the name given
to a particularly alluring silk striped
chiffon cloth that Is quite a favorite
for blouses.
Among the new umbrellas are
those with palmetto handles. The
handles are handsomely carved and
highly polished.
Very pretty with coats and colored
blouses Is the deep cuff of llnon with
embroidery buttonholed scallops and
pleated lace frill.
Sumptuous wraps for vue afternoon.
as well as tor the evening are mada
with wide, loose sleeves, and many
have the burnous drapery.
Boads and braid combine to make
some of the new and unusual caboch
ons on bats and gowns. They ar
to be bad la a variety of colors.
A Good Dniry Cow.
When you see a calf that is every
thing that could bo asked for In the
way of gentleness, there is every
prospect that she will make a good
dairy cow. A wild calf can hardly
ever be made fit for the dairy.
Farmors' Home Journal.
Teat the Cows.
Keep a record and test your cows.
In this manner you will find out the
profitable cows in the herd. Since
you cannot afford to keep an unprof
itable cow the sooner you learn the
unprofitable ones the better for you.
Farmers' Home Journal.
Cider to Vinegar.
A short time ago I announced that
we were having trouble in getting
our cider changed into vinegar. A
subscriber writes that fifteen pounds
of sugar should be added to every
barrel of cider. He says that be has
made twelve barrels and that he has
had good results In following tbat
plan. Epltomlst.
Holds the Cow's Tall.
A new and Improved contrivance
for holding the switch of a cow when
the cow Is being milked has been de
signed by a Massachusetts man. The
bolder Is constructed from a flat cir
cular strip of spring metal, which Is
clamped around the leg of the attend
ant. To prevent It moving a number
Protection For the Milker.
of projections are placed on the inner
face, which engage the trousers of
the wearer.
On the outer face of the strip Is a
spring clamp, one end of which Is riv
eted to the strip, while the opposite
end Is free and curved slightly out
ward, so tbat the switch of the animal
can be readily entered between the
strip and the clamp. The animal is
thus unable to swish her tall in the
milker's face, protecting the latter
from Injury in this way. Weekly
Witness.
The Value of a Farm.
Thore are few farmers or gardeners
who place a proper estimate upon the
value of their farms; I do not refer to
the salable value of the land alono.
What does it matter to you or me
what our farms will sell for It we do
not care to sell them? The question
for us to decide is what Is our farm
worth to us for the purpose of fur
nishing a home and a livelihood? Sup
pose you have a farm with comfort
able buildings, which you can sell for
$5000, says Southern Fruit Grower.
This farm furnishes a house in which
you and your family abide, a garden,
a playground about the house, barns
for stabling your horses, cattle, food
for these animals and almost all that
you consume in tho family. Iu other
words, the farm very largely supplies
the wants of your family and provides
you with horses and carriages for
traveling wherever you wish to go.
Now suppose you sell this farm for
$5000 in cash and move to the city.
You can scarcely buy a house and a
small lot without barns that are as
comfortable as your own for $3000.
In the city you are taxed for city taxes
at least one hundred dollars. Your
expenses are Increased in the city for
car fares, for cost of everything you
have to do, since you find it necessary
to wear better clothes which cost you
more money; you also have your
amusements and other expenses
wbich are Increased In the city life.
In other words the $5000 which In
the country almost provides for your
living. In the city simply provides a
shelter from tho storm. But there is
another trouble In the city, and a
most serious one. Your $5000 is in
vested In your house and you have no
business, where as the farm has not
only furnished a home but a paying
business also.
Live Stock Manure Value.
It Is well known that such foods as
clover, alfalfa, tankage, bran, mid
dlings, etc., have a high per cent, of
protein, and that the manure of live
stock largely fed on these is much the
most valuable for the soli. An agri
cultural writer touching this matter
calls attention to the fact tbat "Chem
istry of the Farm," by Warrington,
says that when fed to oxen all except
3.9 per cent, of the nitrogen of the
food Is voided either as a solid or
liquid excrement, that 73.6 per cent.
Is voided as liquid excrement, hence
the Importance of keeping plenty of
absorbent at hand.
We also find that 14.7 per cent, of
the nitrogen Is retained in the body
when the food is given to pU- Twenty-one
per cout. is voided in the solid
excrement and 64.3 per cent, voided
as liquid excrement.
Ther Is a marked difference be
tween the ox and the pig In this re
spect, due to the rapid growth of the
piff.
As to the asb constituent of food,
the sama author says that S.3 per
cent, of the ash of the food is stored
up In the body and that 97.7 per cent.
Is voided In the excrement when the
feed Is given to an ox, while a pig
will retain 4.5 per cent, of the aeh of
the food and void 95.5 in the excre
ment. The figures show that only a
small per cont. of the plant food Is
sold off the farms when animals are
fed the products, and that the rapid
exhaustion of the soil's fertility is a
result of carelessness and lack upon
tho part of the farmer of properly,
managing the various farm opera
tions. By a Judicious management and
the feeding of farm animals It baa
not only been possible but practicable
to increase the production of the farm
from year to year without spending
large sums of money each year (or
commerlcal fertilizer.
Succtilenre anil Palntahility. ""
We have often called attention to
the fact that silage had the Important
elements of succulence and palatabIN
ity so essential In feeding dairy cows.
Referring, to this matter Valancey E.
Fuller, the well known dairyman, la
a contribution to the Practical Dairy,
man says:
The chemist cannot tell us why the
water that is contained in all these
succulent feeds play such an impor
tant part In the well doing ot the cow.
He will tell us that pasture grass Is
eighty per cent, water; that corn si
lage has 79.1 per cent.; sugar beets,
86.5 per cent.; mangel beets, 90.9
per cent.; carrots, 8S.6 per cent.; cab
bage and pumpkin over 90 per cent,
each. Yet this very water, as we find
It In the various succulents, plays a
very Important part In the digestion
ot other food taken in conjunction
with the succulents. It seems to act
directly on the bowels and kidneys of
the cows and maintains the cattle In
that healthy condition which 13 es
sential to the best production.
We know that apples contain 80.8
per cent, water, yet we know also how
beneficial that "juice" as we call it. Is
to us as a regulator ot the bowels,
and how, It we eat an apple or two
each day, it contributes to our good
health.
Corn silage Is the cheapest of all
succulent, except pasture grass. Roots
are expensive to grow. They cost
more per pound ot digestible dry
matter, than corn silage. Although,
I had all tho silage that I required to
feed my cows in winter and in the dry
season ot summer, I used to grow all
the roots I possibly could on my own
place and contracted for 12,000 bush
els a year, to feed the cows. My ex
perience showed me that cows would
do better when they had corn silage
If they were fed roots, especially man.
gels and sugar beets, than they did
without them, and what the beets
cost mo extra was more than saved in
the lessoned grain fed each day.
If every dairyman would put up
enough corn silage In the fall to feed
his cows In the winter and carry over
enough to feed thorn In the dry spell
that comes In the late summer, his
bank account would be materially ad
ded to each year. Farmer.
Poultry Notes.
Don't overcrowd.
Don't allow the pullets to crowd la
a corner the first few nights they are
moved from winter roosts; teach
them what the roosts are for.
This Is a good time to plan the
next season's business. Be regular
in carlug for and feeding the poultry;
regularity counts for more than many
think.
Don't allow a scrap to be wasted:
fresh scraps ot meat mean increased
number of eggs; the cracklings, when
well pressed, are good to feed hens,
In limited quantity.
Many families will make no use of
the livers at all; it would pay to se
cure these and save to feed hens
Much better give to the poultry than
to leave for stray dogs and cats.
If there is a north or northwest
window in the poultry house, close
it up to-day as tight as possible
While at it close all the cracks; tar
paper Is good for this if nailed close
ly. If the weather is too warm for the
cold storage plan, then the meat must
be cooked; one of the kettles In
which the lard was rendered will be
the handiest for a cooking vessel
Salt just enough to keep from sour
ing. In freezing weather all that Is nec
essary is to put dressed poultry In
cold storage, out of the reach ot cats
and dogs; It will keep Just as long as
it remains frozen; ot course it will bo
necssary to tbaw the mess befoif
feeding.
When selecting a new site for tha
poultry yards, remember a southern
slope is best, and a loose, rich soil,
containing enough gravel or sand to
allow ot rains soon soaking in. Is tho
best. The southern slope gives the
maximum share of the sunshine.
In order to secure tho good greeni
growth, it is much better to bavo two
yards, or a partition fence through
the yard, thus enabling the green,
growth, rya or oats, or whatever I
grown for forage, to get a good start,
while the poultry is confined to ttq
other part.
The size of the yard will derencf
quite a good deal upon tha care taUon,
ot It, and tha way It la managed, ij
green growth Is kept upon it mot:, o;
all through the growing seacon the
yard noed not be so large; if bare. It
should be rogularly and thoroughly
cleaned ot all refuse once each rcon;
Moving pictures ot the flight of In
sects bave been mada with exposure
ot 142,00 lecond.