MEN AT THE THROTTLE
Sound Sense and Sobriety
Vital to Safety. :: :-: :-:
Efe.
' The Most lmjirclvcnd.UnuuarReligiciuV Ceremonial .Prctie4bv sny
J l by ttie Moravians Is 0110 of
O Tr O the most unique specta
g X cles Imaginable. Original,
tmfr quaint, cud jet -vltlial
beautiful,' It stands out lu Impressive
contrast to ttie ceremonials ot all oth
of churches on this sacred occasion.
However, In order to fully appreciate
it, one must know something of tho
peculiarities of the Moravian Church.
The Moravltm Church has a long
and honoruble history among Protest
ants. Its seeds are fonud as long ago
as the ninth century, wheu Christian
ity ves Introduced Into Moravia and
Bohemia.
A gentle law-loving peorle, tho Mo
ravians were encouraged by the vari
ous governments to form settlements.
The parent organization lu America
Is the church at Bethlehem, Pennsyl-
TIIE OLD MORAVIAN CEMETERY
AT BETHLEHEM.
aula, which has beeu In existence for
almost two centuries. Besides this
church there are but no or two strong
congregations in the United States, al
though the sect numbers thousands of
adherents throughout the country.
Perhaps'.tbo Moravian Church of Sa
lem, Nortli Carollun, will convey a
clearer nnd more comprehensive Idea
of this unique organization than any
ottior that 'ouh1 be selected.
The town was foundcl more than
ono hundred and flfty years ago as a
church community. Tho Influence of
pastors nud elders was paramount in
all secular as well as in religious af
fairs. They settled the questions 3t
competition and production us well as
of church attendance, and from their
decision there was no appeal.
in this way all business was regula
ted, and from this system emerged the
quaint and prosperous llttlo city of
Salem, whose woolen and cotton mills,
its iron furnaces and tan-yards and its
three thousand happy nud prosperous
citizens and Its college we,c the envy
of other towns and the pride of the
State as early as tho drst quarter of
the last century.
The Salem College later Introduced
somo of tin most charming women
of the South, Including Mrs. "Stone
wall" Jackson and the wife of Gen
eral Stuart, the great cavalry leader.
Back of the college campus, under the
perennial shadows of ceo.ars that were
old when th3 nineteenth century was
young, lies the Moravian "God's Acre."
A more beautiful spot could not be im
agined. There the flowers bloom, the
birds sing and the bees drone through
out the year, where "tho rude fore
fathers of the hamlot sleep." But
there one will 'Ind no family lots, for
the church ordains that males and fe-
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OUAIMT. OLDCONVIKT OF THSMOAVlAN IIJIIU T MTH1.IHM;
The Picturesque Moravian Easter
'LBYLANDONKNICHX
males must nut be ouried together. !
Neither -hail the nial-. test bcsICi the
matron, but lu n separate sacred
sqr.ard. which, when tho spring ccines,
Is marked by .'.tut cliistei-s of bloom
ig lilies and hyaemtn rd white
roses. No Imposing marble shafts or
pretentious mausoleums nie there to
tell of the wealth, rnnk or earthly Im
portance of the departed for tho
church decrees that there, at least, ail
men ore equal, nnd iio distinctions arc
permitted In that peaceful, beautiful
hoilo of the dead, where magnolias
and gardenlns each spring whiter Im
partially over the modest tombs.
There, In the presence cf tho dead,
occurs the most drnmj'ic and beauti
ful scene of the Moravian E..ster ser
vice. Durluc the night preceding the
sacred day no Moravian sleeps. .It Is a
watch night a time of Introspection
and prayer. As the clocks fliilsh strik
ing the hour of midnight, the deep,
musical notes of the church bells from
every steeple lu Salem chime forth
the Udlngs that It Is once tr.ore the an
niversary of the Blessed Redeemer's
resurrection. The lights blaze up
aro'ind the altar, revealing banks and
wreaths and festoons of flowers, and
as the sonorous thunder of the great
pipe organ rolls through the n Isles, tho
splendid church band takes vr me sac
red air, whlla tho priest nad the elders
and tho congregation stand wit bowel
heads until Its conclusion. The priest
then stepplrj forward,, oldo the band
go forth nnd proclaim in music tho
glad tidings. To a slow meastivo the
congregation fl:es out, and at the first
corner tho sacred concert begins.
Street by street the town Is traversed
by the band and tho choir, and at each
corner several selections are rendered.
By the time the Itinerary Is completed
the. town lr arousal, and when the
performers return to the church the
east Is already fretted with the first
streaks and bars of purple and silver
of the coming day. An open-air ser
vice follows in front ct the church,
Uftte Ned? Clamj.-
5 out5 Q lo
Fillet of 5ole.
Sweetbrehd and fiujhroomv
Sbrinq. Cnichen.
Bermuda potatoej- CouliJ-lower
Lemonade.
Fruit $aad
Neufcbatet Cheese Cracker
Oliver
Manilla Ice Cream, in the shape of
Luie
Creme da ttenthe
Bonbon . Coffee.
which Is brief, and in which several
thousands of people usually participate.
At its conclusion u line cf march u
formed. The senior priest of the
church, nrrayed In cauon.cali. followed
by the other pastors similarly attired,
heads the procession. They are fol
lowed by tho choir and the young wo
men from the college, all dressed in
wito and wearin.? Hilts ot the val
ley. Behind them, formed In ranks of
fours, comes the congregation. As
the band strikes up an old, familiar
hymn the procession moves through
the town nt a slow uurch, on to the
entrance ot the cemetery, nnd thence
MOHNINQ.
a th Painting by Alexander Ender.
Church Jn America
down thnt beautiful broad walk, "Tho
Avenue of Cedars," which was laid
out and planted by the first Moravians,
whose tombs hard by are now dim
and yellow with tho years of more than
a century.
In almost tho tentro ot the ceme
tery there Is a gentle knoll, and upon
that, and perhaps four teot apart.
stand two enormous cedars of Lebanon.
The ground slopes gently In every di
rection from that point, and an are of
about ninety degrees ot the eastern
horizon Is unobscured by house or
tree. At tills spJt the procession halts.
The slow strains of sacred music
breathe over the assembled multitude,
AN '.ASTER I'KOLIC.
From a German postcard.
bur nve for that and the mournful
cadences thnt the morning wind Is
playing upon Its harp of cedar boughs
above, those who sleep tnclergrounu
are not more slbut than are these de
vout worshipers. Between those old,
giant cedars, nnd facing tho enst, the
white robed priest stands with bowed
head, deep in silent p-.iyer. Tho pearl
streamers rise above tho horizon and
tinge the sky with pink, which burns
Into a crimson ren, ove. which course
cloud billows ot molten goli. Through
It bursts the flaming rim of tho rising
sun, proclaimed by n rousing blast from
the trumpet of the chu'eh herald.
Every head is now erect. The church
band bursts Into a Joyous, triumphant
air, and as tne congregation tings, it
is no longer lamentation, but the pnens
of victors that welcome the new day.
Silence greets tho upraised hand of
the venerajle priest from his pulpit
between tho cedars, and lu a well
modulated voice he tells them what
the death and tho :tour-:ctlon has
done for them In the world, and coun
sels them to follow In their dally af
fairs the li-e of the lowly Nazareu.
as the greatest of all eartlily wisdom.
'Alien thera Is more mueio. a benedic
tion, -nd tho sunnso service or tho
Moravians Is over.
At Bethlehem the Easter services of
the Moravians is very ti"n!ar to that
of Salem. The program b?.lna there
a'so at mldi.lgbt In the historic old
church. During the nocainial sacred
concert nn elaborate program Is al
ways rendered In front of the vener
ablo old Itlslng Sun Inn, and there Is
hivarinnlv a lariro tudlenc" of out-of-
town visitors, who come .0 witness the
ceremonies. The sisters of tho Mc.n
vlau convent take a conspicuous part
. all these services, Including tho one
at the picturesque old cemetery, wlieu
even standing room Is dittlcu1' to llnd
on Easter morning.
One of the most striking features of
the .Moravian Church Is the promiueut
.ilaco given :o music la lt3 worship,
it Is always good. Whether at Bethle
hem or Salem, one may 'ways count
with certainty upon hearln;; high class
music beautifully rendered. At Beth
lehem the cultivation of music has
been carried by tho church to an exient
that would make It lamous if It could
show no other good w ;ls. Tho res.iit
is of courso that tho'r Easter cere-no-ululs
are more than ordinarily Inter
esting. Perhaps no church In the Stale
of l'ennsylvaula has a choir that Is
superior, or equal, to that which ns
Jtombles theio lu tho old church every
Sunday morning.
Taklug this cnoir as a :.ucleu. the
church somo years ago began to build
up u great musical organization. Its
success was no great tuut it was decid
ed to give u gram", mass is u part of
the Easter services, hub's In "U
minor" was selected, and so perfectly
enchanting wus Its rendition that It
completely captivated the country. It
has been made a part ot the Easter
ceremonial, nnd now celebrated ev
ery year, with tho tesult of drawing
each time larger congreg.-.tlons than
auy building In Bethlehem can accom
modate. W"man's Home Cnn'ppnton.
I
Tlie Ideal Dairy Cnw.
Whether she be a Ilolstoln, h .Terser
or whatever she may be, yon will find
the typical dairy cow with bony head
nnd strong jaw, long between the eyes
and nose with broad muzzle. She
should have a bright protruding eye
which means strong nerve force and
notion later on. She should have a
thin neck nnd retreating brisket. The
lines above nnd bolow must not be
straight, or she will steal from you.
She should be slightly depressed be
hind the shoulders with sharp chine
not too straight a backbone. She must
have large organs of reproduction and
large heart girth, wide between fore
legs and shi-.'p on shoulders which
gives large heart action nnd strong
arterial circulation. And last, but by
no means last, she must have a good
udder, for one-hnlf the value ot the
cow I in her udder which should be
long from front to rear.
l'rervlnK HartiflM.
The first point to bo observed Is to
keep the leather soft and pliable; this
can be done only by keeping It well
charged with oil and grease. The
straps should be washed and oiled
whenever they have been moistened by
sweat or soiled by mud. To do this,
the Mrpps should all be detached and
washed with warm soap suds; then
coated with a mixture of neats-foot oil
and tallow and nllowed to remnln uii:
disturbed until the water has dried out,
after which they should be rubbed
with a woolen cloth. In hanging a
harness care should bo taken to nllow
all straps to hang their full length.
Light Is essential In tho care of leather.
When the harness closet Is dark the
door should be left open during the
day. To clean plated mountings use n
chamois with a little tripoll or rotton
stone, but they should be scoured as
'"Ho as possible. E. L. Bates.
Tlie Self-Socking Conr.
It Is not necessary to abuse a cow
for this bad habit. Simply go about
breaking off the habit lu a sensible
manner, which Is readily done with a
little care and with the help of the
device here described. Take a strong
smooth stick about three and one-half
feet long and In one end of It fasten
ring. Buckle a strap around the
leek of the cow and fasten a short
strap through tho ring on the end of
the stick or pole with the other end
through the neck strap.
About eight Inches from the end ot
the pole, the end opposite tho one in
which the ring has been inserted, bore
nn augur hole and through this run n
strong hard twine or leather and tie
It secure;.v to a strap fastened around
the body of the cow just beyond its
front legs. It will be noticed that
while this device will prevent the cow
from sucking herself It Is a safe at
tachment and If arranged ns directed
it will be almost Impossible for the
cow to Injure herself with either end
ot the pole. The illustration shows
the idea clearly. Iudianapolls News.
Selection of Slock.
Stock your farm with tho animals
you like best. You need not have all
registered stock, but got the best you
can procure. Don't raise nor keep
scrub stock; they never will make you
any profit. If you don't admire n
horse, it probably will not pay you to
keep two or three brood mares. It you
don't admire a fine milch cow. It will
not pay you to keep a dairy herd, other
than to supply your own use. If you
don't admire sheep, It you don't llnd
them attractive, then don't grow them.
for they will very likely never do any
good for you. If you are not and can
not be Interested In any of the nbo've
mentloned animals, then select some
thing you are Interested in, something
that you do admire. For one must
have ft love for his line of work to
make It most profitable. Men in every
part of the country are making money
from nil kinds ot live stock, some from
one kind, others from another kind
Often the man who keeps nine or ten
milch cows thinks his neighbor who
devotes all his attention to hogs nnd
none to cows, very foolish. Hut It all
depends upon the man nnd surround
ing conditions und a man ought to
follow his own natural abilities and his
own preferences. No matter what kind
ot stock you select you are doing II
for a special purpose: you have a dcll-
nlte end In view. No matter what you
want to accomplish, whether to pro
mote growth, develop bone and muscle,
or spirit and nerve, to produce fat or
milk or wool, the animal must be the
one you admire and love to care for tne
most, to make your selection and pro
fession n profitable one. E. L. Morris,
In tho Epitouilst.
The Mow mid Her Little One'.
The sow with pigs should be fed
but little corn during tho first few
weeks nfter farrowing and preferably
not for a mouth or so before. It Is
much better to give her slop made of
shorts, n little oil meal and milk with
H small quantity of salt added. This
prevents her from becoming too fat,
gives her more strength nnd desire for
exercise and when tje pigs are large
ei ough to try to eat, It furnishes nd
ditloual nourishment and gives them a
good thrifty start; especially so If they
liavo access to plenty of water. Prior
lo their birth, the sow should have
the seclusion of quarters whero she
will bo nway from all exciting Influ
.ences. There, given plenty of straw,
fha will need 110 further osslstnnce lu
preparing her bed. Hence, as far at
possible, she should be left alone and
nfter the pigs come she should not
be molested for twenty-four hours, Af
ter thnt feed her lightly for the first
week, for tho most part 011 greou
food and slops. By using succulent
food Including some oil meal. It Is sel
dom that any niedlohm U required.
In summer tho quantity ot succulent
food, of course, Is unlimited, but this
may be substituted very well In winter
with roots. Indeed, It is rare thnt
sows fed liberally on Ihcso will fall
to farrow successfully and afford nil
the nourishment that the young pigs
need. The object, bear In mind, Is to
keep them In good growing condition,
but not too fat. If n continuous
growth can be maintained with a pork
er until maturity, it Is then possible
to prepare it for market In short order.
l'red O. Sibley, In The Epitouilst.
A Hurnj.. " . Tnrnalll.
A turnstile is ofteit a very useful
part of a fence upon many farms, es
pecially where it is desired to keep
the cattle or horses In their place nnd
nt the snnin time nllow easy access
to the field for those who desire to
enter It often in pursuance of thelt
duties. The Prairie Farmer has a
most excellent suggestion along thl?
line which Is as follows:
If the stock kept lu the barnyard Is
not of small stature like t lie pig and
sheep, the turnstile shown In the Illus
tration Is one of tho best arrangements
to plnce nt the entrance. Horses and
cows cannot get through the pnssage
thus protected and It enables anyone
to enter the bnrnynrd without setting
down anything they may be carrying.
The turnstile is easily constructed, the
main thing being to have the post
strong and set firmly In the ground.
In tho plan here Illustrated the cross
pieces are set on nn Iron pin so thnt
they readily revolve. The turnstile
F
would, of course, bo much stronger
If arranged so that a circular hole was
cut out of the cross pieces to fit over
the end of the post, which could be
trimmed down to three Inches In diam
etei'. An iron pin run through the top
after the cross pieces have been placed
In position would prevent them worl
lug off the post.
Covering Mnnure.
Farmyard manure should he kept ns
near tho surrace ot the soil as pos
sible. The rain-water ns it percolates
through tho soil has a tendency to
carry tho plant food downward nnd
out of reach of the plants. Conse
quently an attempt should bo made to
delay tho downward progress of plant
food instead of assisting It by plowing
the manure lu deeply. Then, ngnln,
nltrltlcntlon Is most active near the
surface ot the soil and therefore ma
nure kept near the surface is under
most favorable conditions for having
its plant food made available and con
sequently gives quicker returns. When
a heavy application of manure has
been plowed under deeply, it Is no
uncommon thing to see lumps of ma
nure brought to the surface by sub
sequent plowing, showing that It has
never been properly Incorporated with
the soil. It Is quite probable, too, that
tills deeply buried manure has lost con
siderable nitrogen through dentriflca
tion. Economical manuring consists in
obtaining quick returns over ns large
an nrea of the farm as possible, nnd
this is accomplished by moderate ap
plications Incorporated with tho sur
face of tho soil. Shallow covering of
manure also increases the humus of
the surface soil. As n result, the sur
face does not bake or crack In dry
weather; It nlso absorbs nnd retains
water much more satisfactorily and
works up Into ft tine tilth more easily.
Alfalfa nnl Very Ten tier.
Young alfalfa plants are among tho
weakest grown in tho United States.
They grow slowly, are weak feeders
nnd are easily choked or killed by
weeds and by unfavorable conditions
of soil, weather or treatment. Mature
alfalfa Is a most vigorous plant: it
grows down deeply In tho soil. Is n vig
orous feeder, and lives and yields well
under many unfavorable conditions.
For tills reason It will pay well to ob
serve every requirement lu planting
the seed which experienced growers
have ascertained to be of value. Gen
erally speaking, tilt! conditions de
manded by alfalfa are seed or soil
Inoculation, abundant moisture, per
fect seed bed, perfect soil at time of
seeding, good drainage, few weeds
and the very best seed obtainable.
While alfalfa seems to require much
moisture the plant has a way of help
ing itself to the required water In sec
tions not regarded as being well wa
tered. The plants reach down with
roots sometimes twenty feet long after
the molsturo which usually exists far
below the surface. This habit of ad
justing Itself to Its surroundings con
stitutes it the most adaptable plant
grown in this country to day. C. M.
Ciuther.
Yitliie of Fo ultr)'.
With poultry the ordinary farmer
can convert a great deal of waste ma
terial about his farm Into money in the
shape of eggs and chickens. With In
telligent management, poultry ought to
ho all year revenue producers, vith
the exception of, perhaps, two mouths
during the moulting period. For the
11 mount of capital Invested, poultry
will yield quicker and larger returns
than any of the other departments of
agriculture. The manure from t'ui
poultry house will make n valuable
compost for uso In either vegetable
garden or orchard. Tlie birds them
selves, If allowed to run lu the orchard,
will destroy much of the Injurious In
sect life. While cereals and fruits can
only be successfully grown In certain
sections, poultry can bo raised In all
parts of the country. Poultry raising
is an employment which the farmer's
wife and daughters can engage In and
leave him free to attend to other de
partments. To start pc;:',try raising
on the farm requires practlcn.'ly no
capital and under ordinary circum
stances, with proper management, It
can be nude a valuable adjunct of the
farni.-E. R. Beach. )
tl
iff ! S
A .
JtOK, HE difference between ft
marine nnd ft stationary
0 T O engineer Is largely tho dlf-
K fnpnnpft heiwpnn tbn reRnoc-
0 tlve mechanical apparatus
of which they have charge. A sta
tionary engineer's plant Is nlwnys per
mnnent ns to location nnd foundation,
while a innrine engineer's Is constantly
shifting as to the former.
A stationary engineer, ns a rule,
drives horizontal engines; u marine en
gineer contents himself with the per
pendicular brand. During the past
live years considerable Improvement
has been made lu the turbine engine,
so that It looks ns If the great mass of
machinery now carried in the hold of
nn ocean liner will be greatly reduced,
ns the turbine is the simplest of all
engines.
This recently developed engine's suc
cess on land. In large Western power
plants, has proved its superiority over
the reciprocating engine, both as a
power producer and ns nn economizer
of fuel. It Is my opinion that n few
more years will see tho reciprocating
engine passing to the scrap pile.
Perhaps It would be Just ns well for
mo to give the general distinction be
tween tho marine or perpendlcualr en
gine, tlie land or horizontal engine, nnd
the turbine, which is suitable for both.
The marine engine is built perpen
dicular because that Is the most eco
nomical form aboard n ship; if a hori
zontal engine were placed aboard a
ship tht floor space it would occupy
would be from three to four times tho
amount of floor space occupied by n
vertical engine of tlie same horse
power, and floor space aboard ship Is a
very valuable consideration. In hori
zontal engines the stroke of tho piston
Is well Illustrated by n man planing a
board; he planes parallel with his
bench: in the vertical engine the stroke
is like that of a churndn slier, up nnd
down.
Marine engines may be either single,
double, triple, quadruple, or even quin
tuple or sextuple expansion engines.
That Is. they may have one, two, three,
four, five cr six ciylindi-rs, all of In
creasing size, each driving n piston
rod. Tho average liner mny have from
two to four of these giant engines,
with a double battery of twelve boilers,
supplying them with steam nt a press
ure all the wny from 240 to 420 pounds
to the square Inch.
On n land engine nil this power
might lie, nnd In somo rnro instances is,
concentrated in one gigantic vertical or
horizontal engine, but abonrd ship nn
engine cannot afford to bo too tall, else,
In rough weather, it would lose Its cen
tre of gravity nnd topple over. As a
rule, twin-screw steamers have engines
known as the port starboard engine,
each engine driving au independent
shaft or screw; those engines may bo
nnd frequently are coupled up so that
they work together, but aboard battle
ships they are always left uncoupled,
because It assists in manouvring to bo
nble to drive one screw faster than tho
other.
In a triple screw steamer there are
usually three Independent engines,
each driving a screw. Those engines
may represent all the way from 100 to
12,000 horse power, and ns ft horse pow
er means the lifting of 32,000 pounds
ono foot in ono minute, you can figure
out what ft 12,000 horse power engine
rioes In the way of work in a six-day
transatlantic voyage.
But these engines are not all the en
gines used aboard a giant liner. There
is an Independent engine used for driv
ing the dynamos of the electric plant;
another for driving tho ventilating
fans, another for driving tho hold hoist,
and still another for the nnchor hoists
nnd tho rcfricgating plant.
An engineer's staff aboard a liner Is
made up about as follows: Chief engi
neer, two senior engineers, four Junior
engineers, four machinists, four yeo
men, eight to ten oilers and wipers, one
chief of lire room, three assistant tire
chiefs, thirty to flfty stokers, twenty
HA: HA I HA!
Tiro or Three Oootl LaiiRlierK Cun'Slnrt
Ul an Aaillouoe.
"There in 110 better ;lr.eo lu town to
notice how contagious laughter Is than
right here in this theatre," said Frank
While, of the Denver Orpl.eum, to a
reporter of the Post lu that city. "Fre
quently a show will go great one night
and the next go almost t.10 other way.
It will bo a pood show, bu tho second
night the people with Infectious laughs
won't be hero. There are about half a
dozen, people who come Here every
week, who help th' :;how out wonder
fully with, their laughs. I? they'd
come every night I believe we'd give
them passes. Ono f.f them Is a big,
fat, red-faced man, who always sits In
a box. Wheuever n Joke U sprung he
turns toward tho audience nud laughs
In such a way that people who see hlin
simply have to join him. Tho perform
ers appreciato tho laughs and, after
that, wjrk .their hardest. Ono night
wo had an awfully cold audience here.
Laughs were so few that tho people on I
tho stago wore working In n t'.U
oourag.l way, and tlie performance
wa going bad. All of a .TUddeu, when
tho show was halt over, something
pleased ft pretly llttlo golden haired
girl sitting In tho third :ow with her
parents, and she let ou'; tho cutest
baby chuckle I ever heard. That start
ed tho luidloace. The people Joined
lier. nud nfter thnt the show went
groat. Iu my oplulo-i every theatre,
whero comedy is presented, should
have two or three hearty laughers In
tho audience at every pi iformancc to
start the laughs whe.i tho crowds ore
cold. I really believe it would pay. the
management to put them on the salary
1st." '
. iovr i,o,,
' Tt Is a curious Jact, says Houio Notes,
(hat among flowers the same species
never show In perfection more than
two of the tlneo primary colors red,
I'ctlow aud blue, For Instance, roses
life red aud yellow, but never h!ue; ver
beans are rod and blue, but uever yel
low; pauslos are j ullow and blue, but
uf ver red.
coal passers, twenty coal trimmers,
four to six electriclnns, four wlremon
and six to eight donkey engine drivers.
As a rule most every passenger
aboard ft liner gets It Into bis head thnt
the captain Is the most Important per
sonage nbonrd. nnd ns a rule he is. hut
his name would be J. Herbert Mudd
without the engine room staff. Take a
quick passage and the passengers will
compliment the cnptnln, when In all
fairness the glory bcloiiRV to the engi
neering staff. Every chief engineer
could, if It were required of him, go
into tho chart room nnd peg out the
vessel's path, or he could find her lati
tude nnd longitude from her rail, or
mount the bridge nnd comniaud her,
but not ono captain In a thousand
could go Into an engine room and oil
up an engine, let alone run It.
The distinction between the vertical
and horizontal reciprocating engines
and the turbine engine lies In the fact
that the latter has no piston; the steam
enters the turbine rnuca ns water en
ters the hood of au overshot wheel,
and being under great pressure, strikes
against flanges which are ceutred on a
shaft, causing It to revolve at great
speed. Tho motion of a turbine is
therefore continuously forward, or
backward if it Is reversed. Just like a
wheel moves. A reciprocating engine,
l)o it vertical or horizontal, drives a
piston out from Its cylinder by the pres
sure of steam lu front cf the piston
head. Iu other words, the 'turbine
moves ns does a wheel clinched to its
axlo and set in a frame to prevent It
moving forward and tho same distance
back again. It Is rather difficult to ex
plain machine construction to the un
technical mind by the use of terms
alone, diagrams are required and
elaborate explanatory notes accompa
nying ti.em in order that even an ink
ling may be had as to the general con
struction of n given machine.
I have often wondered why men In
prison do not study the technique of
some given brand of engineering take
a man doing n five-year term and he
could by Judicious study fit himself to
take n minor position, such ns oiler
nbonrd n liner or in n great power
plant, and then learu the practical end
of tlie business and oventually get an
engineer's certificate. I would sug
gest to those who would take up this
study the following course:
rhyslcs, or the science of natural
law, wherein one becomes acquainted
with natural phenomena. Its applica
tion to mechanics and the equations
deducted therefrom.
Mathematics, which allows one to
make uso of his knowledge of physics
and its equations.
Chemistry, a useful adjunct to every
branch of higher engineering aud abso
lutely necessary to some.
Mechanical drawing, which allows
one to study the designs of others nnd
put on paper one's own Ideas aud de
signs. Mechanical construction or applied
mechanics, which teaches one why a
given machine is built one way and
not another; this Is simply physics spe
cialized. The evolution of science, because of
Its widening Influence on the mind.
English grammar, because it not only
makes ono intelligently receptive ot
the Ideas of another, but allows one to
so express himself that the reader of
listener can Intelligently understand
what one Is trying to say.
Logic, because it helps one to be
sane, nnd thut is a requirement of all
higher mechanics.
tieogrnphy. history and kindred stu
dies, because they help auy man to
more intelligently grasp the great ques
tions of the day and time nnd to do his
work with nn Intelligent understanding
of Its purpose, and not ns a simple ma
chine. . The thing nil good engineers must
nnd do avoid is liquor. An engineer Is
dethroned quicker by alcohol than is
any other professional man, and once
down Is namo Is Dennis. Sing Sins
Prison Star of Hope.
Automatic Time-Table.
An Ingenious train indicator ha been
set up at the entrance to Church End,
Finchley station, says tlie London Ex
press. it is the Invention of two local
tradesmen, and stands some eight feet
high. In the top of the front is a clock
fgulatcd so as to keep time with tho
station clock. In the centre of the uin
cLine, behind n glass panel, appear in
bold figures tho times of trains leaving
tho station for ono hour.
Every hour the whole of these train
times are automatically changed in ac
cordance with the movement of the
dock, and so from morning to night tlie
public have the train time tuble hour '
by hour placed before them.
Novel Circular (iinif.
Always something new uuder the
sun, says Everybody's Magazine. Paris
has a circular garage wherein automo
biles take the elevator, so to speak, to
tho top floor, using their own motive
power to climb along u spiral track a
uiilo long, which winds around a cen
tral hull. The automobile whizzes In
from the street and makes tho climb
along easy grades. Garages In the
thirtieth story may come to bo the rage.
But should tho gradients bo easy, as in
easy Paris? Should they not be dizzy
and precipitous? Our youth must not
grow soft. They must have exercise.
Medical Altemlunt of Jiinnii'a Kmpcror
The Emperor of Japan Is always at
tended by physicians, desplto the fact
that he Is iu excellent health. Four
mcdhal gentlemen are attached to tho
Imperial household, nnd one is within i
call at all hours of the day and night.
The pulso and temperature, of his ma
jesty are taken four times each day,
and lio results are carefully recorded.
Loudon Bystander.
Meu't Importance,
Would you like to get at something
like 11 correct estimate of your Im
portance' lio out lu the middle of
the ocean and drop au !!1gy of your
sell Into the water. Kechugl lione!
And scarcely a ripple, Victor Suiltu.
lu Nw York Press.