ERTAI Nt.1
there never
wns a more
' fearful epoch
in tlie history
of the nation
than thnt of
, Valley Forge.
The new gov
ernment bunt:
hy a thread,
the thread of
single man,
George Wash
lnBlon. There
was no glam
our of glory to
lighten the
burden of suf
fering, no ex
citement o f
tn ,. ..inn thrnilgll tll6 glOUgllS
of despair. -There was nothing but to
He there on the uninviting heights
along the Schuylkill and freeze and
starve, mnny to the very death, others
pulling through with tortures worse
than death. And after months of
that, the hand of patriots, on June 19,
1777, followed General Washington In
pursuit of Cornwnllis, leaving literally
a trail of blood from bare feet! It was
Washington's Headquarters t
Valley Forge.
VJelcometo" the day return.
irtf,'
Dearer jtill 05 oflcj'floOlv
COhile the torch otToith ij burn-
V " 104. .
Lon aj Freedom' 'oltarj jjlotf!
a march that never stopped until the
surrender at Yorktown.
For details of their suffering one can
look here and there Into the old diaries
of the brave men who spent the win
ter there. Surgeon Waldo, of the
Eleventh Connecticut Mllltlu, wrote:
"December 18. Universal thanks
giving n roasted pig to-night! The
army are poorly supplied with pro
visions, owing. It Is said, to the neglect
of the commissary of purchases. The
Congress have not made their commls-
rBut. of, hi mm Ohom "day ty day hrjau
4y'ywocA e .J and of ytrm).
slons valuublo enough. Heuvew 11 vert
the bad consequences of these things!
"December 22. Lay excessive cold
last night. My eyes aro started out of
their orbits like a rabbit's eyes, occa
sioned by great cold and smokej. "What
have you got for breakfast, lads? 'Fire
cake and water, sir.' 'The Lord send
that our Commissary of Purchases
may live on Urecake and water until
their glutted stomachs are turned to
pasteboard.' "
He continues In Oils' strain day after
day, telling of deaths, of meals passed
by because there was nothing to eat,
of wholesale resignations of officers, of
JJ' learning to dam stockings and
make them look like knit work," On
January l, 177s, he wrHes: "New Year.
am alive; I am well!" and. indeed, It
was a wonderful thing, and cause for
exclamation. ,
Washington, himself, gives some evi
K hU citings, in September,
1777, when on the way toward Valley
..nT' 9 Wro,e: "At ' on thou
JornLw.11 Were barefooted and per
or 6 mnclle, m tht 'condition."
OI another 1...
j uS uiu: "iiew men
have more than one shirt: many only
the moiety of one, nnd more none at
lZht11 5 arTT wluter
'!m? duy P"t thre ha. been
todt LI t,mj ba' been week
e or fZr- ' flc8b' ani1 rst
a. Ve, flyi- Nlike1 d
lneomnnlh. C,Unot but dlul-
ncompnrable potlence and fidelity
esci'ed by their uffwinat to a
a! mutiny ,Dd OUperslon
must remember that Wasbimr
commana .t this u" B.SSS5
(Ml
III. Ill ' " I '
.L si!
Xlm. f, fi'fini -n .a
only 17,000 men. Four thousand of
them were unfit for duty from lack of
clothes. Not more than Ave thousand
of the whole number could be consid
ered effective fighting men. The well
fed and clothed British threatened
from nearby Philadelphia, and the
danger of a sudden attack added to
their cup of bitterness.
"Yet, amidst oil this suffering, day
after day," writes Losslng In one of
his Revolutionary histories, "surround
ed by frost and snow, patriotism was
still, warm and hopeful In the hearts
of the soldiers', and the love of self
was merged in-the holy sentiment of
love of country. It was one of the most
trying scenes in the life of Washing
ton; but a cloud of doubt seldom dark
ened the serene atmosphere of his
bopes. He knew that the cause was
Just and holy, and his faith and confi
dence In God as a defender and helper
of the right were as steady In their
ministrations of vigor to his soul as
were the pulsations of his heart to his
limbs. In perfect reliance upon the
Divine Providence he moved in the
midst of crushed hopes and planned
brilliant schemes for the future."
To the visitors who toil up the hill
to the intrenchments of Valley Forge,
Washington and Baron Steuben Walking
Through the Camps at Vallev Feres.
V
ma:
From a drawing by Howard l'yle.
after n visit to the quaint little house
In which Washington made his head
quarters, the most astonishing thing
about the encampment Is that a cen
tury and a quarter of effort by the ele
ments has failed to make any Impress
ou the solid earthworks. The rltle pits
are filled with dead leaves, trees have
grown on the hills that were once
cleared of timber In order to give the
sharpshooters a view of tho points in
danger of attack, and some of the ad
vanced posts are distinguishable only
because of the signs describing them;
but the lines ot trenches are as plain
ly discernible as though Washington's
army had only Just murched out of the
camp.
Fort Huntington, with Its fringe of
tall trees, stands grim ns ever In the
foreground as one looks down from an
anglo of the intrenchments, and it re
quires little .imagination to see the
mouths of the cannon pointing out of
the embrasures and the gleam of the
sentry's bayonet as he parades behind
the wall. From this angle the valley
stretches In peaceful beauty, two or
three old-fashioned houses the only
structures In sight, and the white col
umn erected by the Daughters of the
all around, the most conspicuous mark
on the pastoral landscape.
With a map of Valley Forge encamp
ment. ' made in Washington's time.
Revolution to the dead, who He burled
every point can be located, every fort
traced, even the positions occupied by
the various Hate troops definitely fixed.
There are several schemes of restora
tion, from au active military post to
WASHINGTON AT
the exact reproduction of the original
encampment The latter plun has the
most followers Just now. and will prob
ably be adopted. It will not be hard to
arrange tho camp iu the form It as
sumed 'vhen the Colonial troops settled
down to await the coming of spring.
It has aUo Leeu . uggested that e it'll
State undertake to restore that portion
In which Its ow.i soldiers lived. These,
however, are questions for the future.
Valley Forge is tweuty-four miles
from Philadelphia. Washington's
headquarters is still preserved. The
building 1 of brick nnd bears the
marks of the Revolutionary era in
scores cf way;. The .n.tlque door with
massive knobs aud locks and the win
dows with small square panes show the
antiquity of (he struclui-3. The main
hall, furnished with an old settee, leads
to a reception-room, and back o: this Is
the room where Washington estab
lished Ms business office. These two
rooms have new floors, but the floors
la all the other rooms of the building
are tho same that were there when
the house was occupied i. the com
mandcr-in-chief'i headquarters. A nar
row door leads to a brick-floored
kitchen with roomy fireplace nnd I
log wing which was built after Wash
ington too'c possession. A steep stent
stairway leans from thr kitchen to I
cellnr which wns built by the owner o!
the place, .lohn Potts, ks a place ot
refuge for his family In case of surprlst
by the Inrtli.ns.
Tin Lulldlng Is fn'.l of Interestlnf
relics, Including the old furniture, tin
window sent, under which the State
documents wero kept, the clipboard
full of relics picked up on the old cann
ground, nnd the clock which hung Ir
Washington's office.
A narrow rond leads to tjhe plnc
where Mcintosh's men were encamped
and then runs parallel to the rivet
to the remnants of the old Intrench
ments and breastworks. These are Ir
some places marked by ridges ol
broken stone, but for a long distanc
the earthworks ore still Intact and ar
flanked by trees which have growr
there since the Continental soldleri
abandoned the place.
The fortification known as the Stat
Redoubt Is near by. A Hue of breast
works extended along the rldgo oo
which the forces under Muhleiibnrg
Weeden, Patterson, Learned, Glovei
and Poor were encamped, nnd anothet
line protected Wayne and Scott. All
these points are embraced In the terri
tory which the association wishes to
Include In the nntlonnl park.
The shield emblazoned with the starl
nnd stripes of the United States if
slightly hollowed out to fit around th
top of a twisted paper case for sweet
bread and cream, or a chicken or mush
room pate. These are shown by caterei
and confectioner for use on Washing
ton's Birthday.
Ceneral Huntington's Head
quarters. ee the hero whom itgave'uj
lumbcnntJ on a mother'
breajfi
For the orm he jrrerched to
'Save us,
Bejt morn forever bl?sr!.
OliCer Upndcf tiomrj .
THE ATHENAEUM PORTRAIT OF
WASHINGTON.
After painting tho crowned heads of
Europe, Stuart confessed thnt ho lost
his self-possession when Washington
first snt for him. The first attempt
was a failure. lie afterwards painted
several portraits, of which this Is un
questionably the best.
iy Gilbert Stuart.
London pays about $8,000,000 a year
to keep criminals In check.-
VALLEY FORGE.
From an old print still preserved there
TOWER OF VICTOnY,'
Newburgh,
Mrected to commemorate trie dl
bundiuent of the victorious Amerk-aa
Army at Newbutg, N. 1', iu 17S0-
4
THE PRODUCTION OF
OIL OF WINTERGREEN
BY HAROLD DAY FOSTER,
Forest Assistant, U. S. Forest Service
J(OK. nE "oil of wlntergreen" of
J( f J commerce Is the product of
O I O the distillation ot an ether
tL Ji Inl oil. It was formerly
T"' obtained from the leaves
of the wlntergreen or checkerberry
(Qualtherla procumbens, Linn.). But
the production ot the oil from this spe
cies has been Inrgely discontinued ow
ing to the great cost ot gathering the
plant in sulficlcnt amounts. Almost
all of the "natural oil'1 now on the
market is obtained from the sweet
birch (Betuln lenta, Linn.).
This tree has a wide botanical dls
tr Unit Ion In the Eastern United States,
but It is in the southern Apaluchlau
Mountains that It occurs at Its best.
Here it is found as a timber tree of
some Importance, and is lumbered for
Its wood, which Is used In the manu
facture of furniture. The bark alone
Is utilized in distilling the oil, and In
some regions where the tree does not
attain to sufficient size to make good
jaw stock, or for local reasons there Is
not a satisfactory market for the lum
ber, the bnrk Is peeled from the felled
trees, which are then discarded. The
following notes on the distillation of
birch oil apply to the Industry as It was
observed in McDowell County, North
Carolina:
In this region the hardwood forests
are being lumbered and the merchant
able trees ot the many species which
occur here are being taken out. Some
birch lumber is sold to ihe furniture
trade, but as a rule birch is a poor
seller, and only a few trees in this sec
tion are large enough to make good
lumber. Distillation of the oil is car
rled on by local residents. The lum
ber company charges the distillers
twenty cents for every tree cut, de'
ducting this amount from the proceeds
of the sale of the crude oil.
After felling the trees they are peeled
while green. It Is essential that the
bark be green, for if it is allowed to
dry out before being used It becomes
worthless for distilling purposes owing
to the rapid evaporation of the etherlal
oil. The bark is stripped from the
trunk and stump and the larger limbs,
but the twigs aud the bark of the
smaller branches are not used. The
bark is' brought to the distillery and
put ou the floor around which there is
a narrow strip of lumber forming
shallow box. Here it Is chipped up fine
with axes. , Everything about the dis
tillery and the methods of distilling are
simple to the point of crudeness.
The distillery most commonly con
slsts of a floor on which tne bark is
chipped, and one or more vats or stills
with their condensers, and these are
roofed over with a rude framework of
poles covered with hemlock bark. Thl
shed serves to protect the birch bark
from tho drying sun, and the fires ;
from rain, us Avell ns shielding the
workers from the weather.
The stills are three feet wide by four
feet long and three feet deep. They
are constructed of wood with cast-iron
bottoms and steam-tight tops or cov
ers. The still Is placed in position ou
two parallel rows of flat rocks one un
der each side of the box,' leaving n
space underneath on which fire is
placed. The smoke escapes through a
vent or low chimney of flat rock at the
rear.
Inside the box and about four Inches
above the Iron bottom Is a grating of
wooden strips' four Inches wide and
placed about one inch apart. Under
this grating water Is boiled by a lire
placed on tho ground under the Iron
bottom, and the chipped bark rests on
the grating. The gratfng thus keeps
the bnrk out of the water and the
i-team alone, as.it rises through the
still filled with bark, extracts the oil.
After filling the still with finely
chipped bnrk the top is placed ou and
held firmly in position by sticks and
wedges. The steam rising through the
grating and permeating the bark ex
tracts aud vaporizes the oil and carries
it to the top and through nn iron pipe
or worm. This "worm." however, Is
not coiled ns In the condensers of
liquor stills, but Is a simple straight
iron water pipe. In some cuses it is
bent to form a connection with tho
side of the vtit; in other cases a wood
en plug Is wedged into the opening of
the vat, through which an auger hole
is bored, taking a right angle turn in
the centre of the block of wood. In tho
other side of the plug, at right angles
to the si do against the vat, the straight
pipe Is Inserted, thus obviating the ne
cessity of bending the pipe uud plug
ging the opening lu the vat arouud the
pipe.
The Iron pipe Is laid In a trough
through which the water from a brook
Is deflected. The steam and vaporized
oil passing in mixture Into the worm
Is condensed there, and the resulting
water and oil trickles by drops Into a
glass Jar placed over the end of tho
pipe. Over tho mouth of tho Jar Is
stretched a piece of cloth through
which the oil nnd wnter are strained.
Tho oil sinks to the bottom of the
Jar as a dark red aromatic oil, aud tho
smoky water from the worm remains
on top, being lighter. As the Jar over
flows the water pusses by a trough to
tho holler iu the bottom of the still,
where It Is boiled over ngain. In this
way, besides keeping the boiler filled
automatically, there Is tho additional
advantage that any unseparated oil
which has failed to precipitate in the
! Jur returns to tho still to be agalu va
porized nnd condensed.
When the Jar Is about halt full of oil
an amount which Is equivalent to
about one and one-half pounds of crudo
oil all the oil Is extracted. The bark
Is then shoveled out and discarded aud
the still refilled. About twenty-four
hours of boiling It required to extract
all the oil, and to got the best results
It Is said the water should be kept
boiling continuously. This Is never
done, howeror, at least In the region
studied. ,
J.'he oil Is sold by tho distillers at
local drug stoves. It is sold by the
pound Troy weight, thli-leen fluid
ounces to the pound. Them Btorei sell
If in New York and other Euvtovu mar
Uets twelve ounces to.the pound. The
Htoreu claim that they are obllgud to
buy It at tlilrteeu ounces to the youurl
on account of Its averaging one ounce
of water and other foreign matter per
pound, which they have to remove.
The price of crude oil changes with
the market. It Is sometimes ns low
$1.25 a pound nnd again the price
will run as high ns $:J per pound. The
storekeepers In the locul towns ship It
In three-gallon cans In tts crude form
to the chemists In New York and other
Eastern cities, selling it at an advance
of about twenty -five to thirty per
cent, more than they paid for It.
The wholesale chemists refine It and
sell It as "essential oil of wlntergreen."
This la the "natural oil." "Artificial
oil" Is made by a purely synthetic pro
cess In tho laboratories. Chemically,
It Is exactly the same, and being pro
duced at less expense sells at a much
lower price. The price of the natural
oil, as quoted by a wholesale chemist,
April, 11)05, was $2.50 per pound, while
the artificial oil was quoted at seventy
five cents. These were prices on oil
sold In small amounts. In twenty-five-
pound cans the price was $1.85 for the
natural oil, and .the artificial oil sold
for fifty cents in five-pound bottles, or
forty-two cents In fifty-pound cans.
Larger quantities were sold at corre
spondingly lower figures.
I was told that a birch tree twelve
Inches In diameter yields $2.25 worth of
crude oil. Taking this as the average
price per pound of thirteen fluid ounces
and considering twelve Inches as the
average size of the trees felled for the
purpose, the average tree will yield one
pound of oil. I was unable to get a
statement as to the amount of chipped
bark obtainable from a single tree, but
since a vat full, equivalent to yilrty
six cubic feet, yields one and one-half
pounds of oil, and an average tree
yields about one pound, it Is safe to
say that the bark from the average
tree will fill the still two-thirds full,
equivalent to twenty-four cubic feet of
chipped bark which yields one pound
of oil.
Deducting twenty cents, the price
paid per tree to the owner of the Um
ber, from the price realized on tho oil
it will produce, or say $2.20, the prollt
to the producer of the crude oil is $2
per tree or per pound of thirteen
ounces. 'Wheu It is considered that
two-thirds of twenty-four hours, or six
teen hours are spent in distilling one
pound of oil, besides the labor and
time Involved in felling the tree, chip
ping the bark and feeding tho fire, the
actual returns are not great. Wheu
tw5 or more stills are In operation at
the same distillery, as Is usually the
case, the question of time Involved is
not of as great weight, since it takes
no more time to distill threo pounds of
oil from three stills thau It does one
pound from one still, but the larger
distillery entails a greater labor to chip
a larger amount of bark and to keep
the vats full and the fires fed. Usu
ally, however, the labor In the process
Involved is not considered by the dis
tiller from Its economic standpoint.
Forestry and Irrigation.
THE BLESSING OF COLO.
Ballet Kzprud by Dr. Robert Peter la
the MenUbfalneat of Low Temperature. 1
In the Medical Era, Dr. Kobert Pete'r
maintains that cold Is a blessing when
you learn to endure it. He poiuts out
that Its endurance can be acquired
gradually If begun early la the season.
He does not believe in coddling the
body with woolens. "Better keep
blood In circulation by outdoor exer
cise," says he, "so that It heavier
clothing should really be needed the
body will not require its encumbrance
too much."
Graduated baths, with friction, he
tells us, will harden the body very
nyich, especially when followed by vig
orous exercises iu graded temperatures.
"I know a man," says he, "who la
always astir and who wears not even
n shirt, but only blue Jeans and blouse,
all the year round. He has his win
dows open all the year round, day und
night, no fire, and thoroughly enjoys
It. While this is an extreme case, it
shows how one can inure himself to
cold."
Dr. Peter expresses the conviction
that the subjects of ventilation and
heating, which are important' factors
in the winter months, are not as well
understood as they might be, and he
attributes much of the Illness during
the inclement part of tho year to the
foul air and fuel gases, to which the
baneful effects of indoor life aro
mainly due. According to him condi
tions should be reversed, and it would
bo wiser to camp out and bas'.: in tho
winter sun aud to stay at home in
tho summer shude.
"As to ventilation," says ho, "it can
never bo overdone, and especially is
this true at night. Our bedrooms
should be well ventilated. One-third
of our lives Is spent iu them. A bed
room with southern exposure Is prob
ably best In wluter aud It Is a cheer
and godsend. It U death to germ life.
It will cut short a cold sr catarrh and
tho whlto . plugue cannot lurk there.
As wo need the shade In summer, we
need the sun In winter.
After n consideration of the diet,
which should be more stimulating at
this season of toe year, the author
emphasizes the fact that the respira
tory organs mostly stand the brunt of
the winter diseases. The doctor be
lieves that wo must look to the circu
lation to help us out in our prophy
laxis. "After a cold Is once contracted,
however," he says, "open the flpod
gates of elimination and equalize the
circulation. A good physic or a Turk
ish bath may restore conditions."
The American Chameleon,
The American chameleon, a snail
lizard (Auolls carolluensls), Inhabits
various parts of the Southern United
States. The little animal has the re
markable habit ot quickly and com
pletely chnnglug Its colors, varying
from brown to yellow or palo green.
Its food consists of Insects. The little
animal Is perfectly harmless to higher
forms of life, Is often kept as a pet,
and has been warn attached to a chain
as an ornament.
The toes are provided with adhesive
pads, which enable the lizard to ruu
upon smooth vertical substances, St.
Nicholas.
Blink Climbed Tree.
A mink when put to it climbed a
tree, as was clearly demonstrated by
1ao Duchesneam, at Kene, N. II. He
chased the animal eome distance, aud
at lust the sly fellow took refuge In an
elm. Tint boy scoured the treasure
with the aid of hU rifle.
AT THE TOMB OF
fee
Tfi'e "Good Gray Poet" Is buried
side of Camden, N. J., the city where h
EDUCATIONAL ADVANCEMENT.
The development in educational
methods In the last yenr, while It has
exhibited little of the sensational or
spectacular, has been steady nnd
definite. On the other hand, tho gen
eral advance In methods and Ideals,
though almost unnoticed except by
those immediately interested, has been
strong nnd constant. Old Ideas have
been more fully worked out, and at
least orte new purpose, which until
recently was merely nn unconscious
trend, has become, with educational
leaders, a conscious aim.
The principal educational develop
ment in this year, as lu several years
past, has been along the line of "edu
cation for efficiency," and among the
broader educators "education for ef
ficient service." The difference be
tween the two, to the teacher. Is lurgely
one of Ideal rather than of method, and
r" the pupil, of purpose than of traln
' ig, so that practically those who
worked largely for the training of the
individual machine nnd those who
worked for thp development of a
stronger social factor have found their
Immediate aims Identical. It Is lu de-
r m :
. m$m A
SsyVi Wop- fctL n r. Mi
1 -irrlBmrik
' MOKItIS HIGH SCHOOL.
One of the Modern Type of Public School Buildings iu New York City.
veloplng the ideal of efficiency, In all
Us ramitloatlitns, Unit almost all the no
ticeable changes have been made or
planned lu the methods of both higher
aud lower schools. The chuuges huve,
perhaps, been on a more general Hue
lu colleges and universities, and have
been concerned more lurgely with de
tails In elementary schools.
The development toward "education
for efficiency" In the higher schools
has been twofold. The most conscious
movement, the one most discussed and
most Intelligently acted upon, has been
thnt toward closer contact between stu.
dents and teachers. The other, which
Is as yet almost unrecognized by cas
ual observers, but Is felt and under
stood by those of the wldeBt experience
aud deepest Insight, has beeu toward
what might be culled, to employ a me
chanical term, a "standardizing" of
methods.
New York City has accomplished
more In the last twelve years In en
larging the scope of its university edu
cation than any city in tho world. Iu
New York's First Public School.
that time It bus been rebuilding three
great Institutions of higher learning,
whose combined number of students
aggregates 10,458 men and women, and
whose total wealth Is estimated at $50,
000,000. SAFETY STOP ON GAS BURNFfl.
A safety uttuchmeiit for gus burners
Is tho recent Invention of a Now Jer
sey muu. Instead of employing ai stop
cock the attachment regulates the flow
of gas, and as long ns the gas is burn
ing remains in that position, but should
there be any carelessness In tiirnlnir tr
the gus the attachment does so auto
matically. Whether the gus is purposely extin
guished or extinguished by accident,
due to a high wind or when blown out
by au Ignorant person, the attachment
acts by gravity to close the plug. The
attachment Is pivoted to one end of the
stop-cork, and consists of an urm which
extends parallel with the burner, uud
controlled by a lover.
At the top of the arm Is ihe portion
which enguges with the burner, bejng
made In the shape of a rlug connected
to ttvo horizontal bands. Wheu the
gu4 In turned off and tho attachment
In Its normal posltlou It I at right
angles to the burner. When the lever
Is operuted to turn on tho us the at
tachment closes up until lu top en
gages with tho tip of the burner.
As Vm; as the gat Is burning the rln.
tad bur ut the top are caused to ex-
WALT WHITMAN.
' .' : '. j tit.
In n picturesque cemetery Just Out
e passed the Inst yenrs of his life.
pand, but should the gas become ex
tlugulshed by a gust of wind or other
wise the bond Immediately contract
ACTS AUTOMATICALLY.
and assumes a position which forces
the attachment by Its own weight and
gravity to quickly fall to Its normal
position and shut off the gas.
NOVELTY IN ELEVATED ROADS.
Several of the larger cities In the
United States are In need of an ele-
vated railway to ftccommodate the
heavy railway traffic In the more dense
ly populated sections which the sur
face lines are tinable to bundle. Be
cause of the unslghtllnes8 of elevated
railways at present in use, their fur
ther use has been discontinued in fa
vor of the underground road.
An Ohio engineer hns Invented an
elevated railway built on entirely new
Ideas. This structure is made of a
series of individual posts, firmly set
In tho ground and imbedded in cement
to make them permanently rigid.
These posts are formed of a number
of tubular sections united at the Joints
by collars, the latter made with sockets
which' receive the supporting braces.
Upper nnd lower trucks are supported
by tbeso braces, the whole being fur
ther braced .Ltid supported by a span
mechanism. All of the braces, arms
and other parts are made of tubes or
pipes. The rails are carried on the
outer extremities of the horizontal
crossarms, nnd ore arrcnged In pnrollel
pairs one above the other, so thnt an
upper and a lower rail constitute a
track for n cur. AU the central posts
are equipped with lateral arm for ono
or more Hues of curs at each side. It
Is claimed that by this construction it
Is possible to build an elevated struc
ture which will stand perfectly rigid
and which needs no special provision
BLBVATED UOAD AMD OAR.
for expansion or contraction iu Its
framework and track and has tight.
Joints In all tempt ru hires.
Furthermore, It cccupies the mini
mum of surface room possible lu an
elevated road, and'," being tubular
throughout, obscures light less aud Is
less objectionable to the eye than any
other now lu use. Any speed can lie
attained with perfect safety.
' i
The port of Melbourne, Australia, Id
lu such bad condition that it will cost
$250,000 to put it In shape.
There are 1.810,230 more men tii.no .
women lu th Diiited Sinteu.