"NO DIFFERENCE"
Sunday Sermon By Dr. J. Wilbur Chapman.
Csplaloa For (he Beaetlt l Uarafeaerat
Maa Ooa of Iha Moat Dlfflcalt State
tenia la All Ik BIW.
Nr.w York CrrT1. The following timely
and interesting sermon is one of a scries
S re pa red by the famous evangelist, the
lev. Dr. J. Wilbur Chapman, it in onti
tied "No Difference," and was preached
from the text: "h'or there is no difference."
Bom. iii: 23.
This ia one of the moot difficult state
inenta to receive in ull the Bible, and 1 can
well understand how the unrcgenerate man
would resent its application. 1 can hear
him any, "What! no difference between the
man who has fallen to the very lowest
depth of ain and wretchedness, and the
man who, boosting of 1iht 'morality, baa
awerved only a little from-the path of duty
and the law of God?" And the answer to
, this question f both "yes" and '"no."
There is a difference in hcinousness and
degradation wide as the poles, but "no
difference" so far as guilt is concerned, for
both have rejected the Son of (.lod, and
this is the sin of sins.
! If two men were before the court, one
charged with a great offense and the r her
with one of less degree, it would profi Uie
latter mnn but little to say, "lint, '. ir
Honor, I am not so g'tat un ntfende. i
my companion in misery." The judge
might well reply, "You are both guilty; in
that 'there ia no difference,' " and this is
the tenching of my text.
God's word declares "Ho thnt offends
in one point ia guilty of all;" not meaning,
of course, that he has of necessity broken
every law, but he lias broken away from
God by his transgression. If I am held a
prisoner by a chain it is not necessary
that I should break every link in the
chain that I might go free, but only one
and that the very weakest, nnd so he that
offends in one point is guilty of all and
nothing less, while he that offends in all
points is guilty of all and nothing more.
All have sinned and come short of the
glory of God."
Three important questions grow nut of
this text as 1 have considered it. First, I
do not ask if you are a sinner, for as we or
dinarily use this word, we think of one
who is lawless, wild and profane. But I
ask:
HAVE YOU OFFEXDED IN ONE SIN
GLE POINT?
If ao,. "There is no difference." Jinn
would not say it, I know, but God says it,
and it is written in the book, and by the
book we shall ba judged.
, Look at the prodigal. He was as truly
a prodigal when he had taken tha first step
over the threshold of his father's house
as when afterward you sec him sitting in
the midst of the swine, and trying to fill
his belly with husks which the swine did
cat.-
He is more degraded in the second pic
turs, but not more guilty.
Look at the leper, lie is just as truly
dead when the first sign of the dread dis
ease appears, small though it may he, as
when afterward you behold him, a loath
some object, sitting outside the city gates,
with bandaged mouth, crying, "Unclean!
Unclean!" He was a leper, however, from
the first, and by the law dead. This is
the teaching of the text. If you have re
jected the Son of God, whatever your po
sition, "There is no difference" all are
alike lost.
It is not even a question of great sin.
Many a man might plead "not guilty" if
such a charge were made, but lirat of all
SECRET SINS.
1. There is a text which declares "our
secret sins in the light of His counte
nance," and another reads thnt "All things
aro naked and open before Him with
whom we have to do." In the light of this
who can stand?
Not long ago in one of the school build
ings of Chicago a picture of an eve was
pluced upon the blackboard as un illustra
tion, ana in a littio time by order of the
school board it was painted out, for it had
been so perfectly painted thnt whatever
position a child might be in in the room
that eye was upon it. The effect was dis
astrous. But there is one eye which never
slumbers and cun never be painted out.
"Thou God scest me." The sin was at
midnight. He saw it. It was in New
York or London or Paris. He saw it.
Thus to the charge of "secret sin" vou
must plead guilty, and "there is no differ
ence. SINFUL THOUGHTS.
2. But the charge is even closer. We
are responsible for the sinful thought
which tarries in the mind by the consent
of our will. Who cau stand in the light of
this?
A distinguished scientist lias made the
statement, which wise men receive, that if
a man stands out in the sunlight and acts,
bis act, good or bad, flashes away to the
sun and a picture which is never lost is
made. And if he speaks, the sound bounds
away, up and up. far beyond his reach, and
makes its record forever. And if be re
fuses to step into the light, or in tha dark
ness speak a word, this scientist declares
that by the very thoughts of bis miud cer
tain physical disturbances occur which
make a record lasting as time.
I remember sending a telegram in a
western city, and shortly after realizing
that my message had been wrong I made
my way to the office to recall it. "Why,"
said the operator, with a smile, "it is gone,
and ia fiasning over the wires uow. beyond
my recall." bo with your sinful thoughts.
They bound ,woy. and no man can recall
them when once thev go.
The answer to this charge must be
guilty."
BEGINNING IN SIN.
i. Some are beginning now. He'd bv
the fascination of the evil one and lured
on by his charms they are rushing on to
bell. On one of the busiest streets of the
gay eitv of Paris stands a building famous
for its beauty. Over the magnificent door
way you may read these words, "Nothing
to pay." The admission ia free; tha enter
.taimrient within is fascinating, and hun
dreds of young men psss through the por
tals, the rank and file of them taking their
first or last step to hell.
A sin is dearly bought, for it has hell
back of it. It blights the life, wrecks the
character, and blasts the fondest hopes of
the soul. And when that awful day conies
and situation is gone and charucter lost,
and the hearts of loved ones broken, and
you or cast a stranded wreck on the
shores of time, you will cry out in terror,
"O wretched man that I am. who shall de
liver me" and there will be no deliver
ance. You will be more degraded then but
not more guilty thsn now, tor the chiefest
of sins is unbelief, and that was the cause
of your downfall. "There is no difference."
God pity you.
Do you know the Bible description of
the end of a career of ain from the world
standpoint? "Weeping, wailing and gnash
ing of teeth." "Without are dogs, and
sorcerers and wKnrmi utr ami murd,-.
era, and idolaters, and whosoever loveth
and maketb a lie." God save us from such
a company. A minister could never lead a
man to serious thought until ha quoted th
text: "The wicked shall be turned into
well, and all the nations that forget God."
Great ain, humanly apeaking, is not nee
ssary: but only forget Him and "There is
no difference."
If you had read that remarkable book,
"Robert Falconer," written by Geo. Mac
Donald, you will remember the dream oi
the wile of Andrew Falconer. Ha was a
drunkard and after her death, tha dream
being told him, resulted in bin conversion,
fShe said ia her latter, which she had writ
ten him:
"I thought, A ad raw, that the resurrec
tion mora had come, and I was looking
vorywbere for yon. Finally ia my wan
derings 1 cams to a great abyss. It was
not so very wide, but it was very deep and
jwaa filled with blue, like tha blue of the
aky. Ou the other side I saw you. An
drew, and I gave a shriek which all tha
.universe must have beaid. Something
Etde rue look around. Then I ssw One
ning toward me. Ha had a face O,
ch facet fairer than all the sons of
men: Ha had ou a garment which cana
down to His fuet, anil aa He walked to
Iwnrd ma I saw in His feet the print of
I the nails. Then I knew who Ha was. I
fell at His feet and cried, 'O, Lord, An
drew, Andrew.' 'Daughter, would yoa
o to aim? I aaid, 'Yea, Lord.' And. Aa
luresr, lie took ma by tha band ana led
Aut a ilia k limn anil wa gia i . a
'end nearer, until a't last we were anited, I
1 L Ut fed ua-baek UiH.tt.Llli Lia
rBrever." u, my trfflSws; fle-rin t"m?tt
world, if not in this, but here and now we
may be made one in Him. on for time and
eternity, hut failing here, all hope is gone
and there is before us onlv the blackness
of darkness tt despair, "For (here is no
difference."
The second question is of tlif greatest
importance:
DO YOU COME UP TO GOD'S STAND
, ARD? "
It is pot enough to be simply a membnr
f the church. "Many will say to Mo in
that day. Lord, Ixjrd, have we not pro
phesied in Thy name, nnd in Thy twine
have cast out devils? nnd I will process
untp tbrm, I never knew you."
We have such a way of measuring our
selves by our wives that we niav feel well
satisfied with the result. But how about
God's standard? Upon my return homo
at ouo time my wife placed' in my bands a
piece of paper, written all over, but only
two words were intelligible. At the top
of the page was the word "carriage"
plainly written, the next word was the
same, only not so well written.
It was my little daughter's first eopv
book. The teacher bad written the word
at the top of too lino, and she had done
fairly well so long aa she had looked at the
copy. Bnt she had fallen into the serious
error of copying the line just above her
work, and the word at the bottom of the
page as nearly spelled "man" as "car
riage." Thus people measure themselves
by those around them, forgetting thnt Ho
said "Look unto Me nnd be ye saved."
You may be better thnn the members of
the churnh, bnt what doth it profit? You
may be the best man in your community,
but that does not save.
How about God's standard?
Her Majesty, the Queen, issues frequent
ly, I am told, an order for soldiers to com
pose her guard. Every man must be at
least six feet tall. I can imagine some
young Englishmen measuring themsMves
by themselves, until at last one mnn in
great delight exclaims. "I will surely get
in, for I am the tallest man in town."
And so he is, but when lie stands before
Her Majesty's officer he is rejected, for he
is three-quarters of an inch under the
mark.
His beinK taller thnn his friends profited
nothing; they had nil fallen short; some
more, some less. But "there was no dif
ference." And if you turn my question in upon mv
self. I confess that I do fully come up to
the high standard of God; not in mvself in
any way, far from it but in Christ; for
"Christ is the end of the law for righteous
ness to every one that bclievcth," and
wherein I fail. Ho makes np.
It is no point as to whether Adam or
Eve were the more sinful: thev were both
guilty, and "there is no difference."
The rhiefest of all sins is not drunken
ness, although that is horrible; it is
not licentiousness, although that is vile:
it is the rejection of God's mercv or the
sin of unbelief. "He that believcth not is
condemned already, because he liath not
believed in the nam- of the only begotten
Son of God." John iii: 18. And whoso
ever he be among you sinner, either great
or small, if he fail here, he stands with the
condemned, and "there is no difference."
The "third and last important question is
WHAT IS THE REMEDY?
There is another "no difference" which
answers the question. "For there is no
difference for the same Lord over
all is rich unto all that cnll upon Him. for
whosoever shall call upon the name of the
Lord shnll be saved." Romans x: 12, 13.
1. It is useless to try by any amount of
exertion, or feeling, or even prayer, to
bring about faith. I have had Inv own ex
perience in this. God says in His word,
"Fnith cometh bv hearing and hearing by
the word of God."
This is a sure way. A college student
was greatly troubled spiritually, and was
in conference with one of the professors
until midnight. Just aa be was leaving the
house, going out into the darkness, the
professor placed in his hands a lantern
saying. "Take it, Georcc, it will light you
home a step at a time." And this is what
the Bible docs.
That lantern did not light up the for
ests, nor make luminous the landscape; it
was not meant that it should, but it mude
every step bright.
Man was lost by hearing Satan. He
can only be saved by hearing God. Plant
your feet firmly by faith on one single
promise, and God will begin at once to
make clear the way if you will only believe
Him.
2. To the Pbilippian jailor's question,
"What must I do to be saved?" Paul's an
swer was, "Believe on the Lord Jesus
Christ and thou shalt be saved." And
there is no respecting of persons, for "who
soever shall call lllion tllA nnmct .if t hi
I.OI-H aha II lia aava.l "
A friend of mine told me that when he
climbed the Matterhom he was besieged
by men, waiting at the base of the mount
ain, ready to guido him up the difficult
way, but the most of them would have
never brought him down in safety, for
they were simply men out of employment.
He very easily, however, secured a sufc
guide when he said, "Show me your pa
pers." Then the men who were without
them stepped bock, while the real guides
stepped forward ' and holding out their
papers he read something like this:
' "We. the undersigned, have climbed the
Mattcrhorn under the care of such a guide
(giving his name), and we commend him to
our friends" and then followed the names
of people of great renown at home and
abroad, a member 'of Parliament, a mem
ber of Congress, and your personal friend,
and my friend at once felt secure becausu
others had made the trip in safety.
It ia like that when under condemnation
you ask, "What must I do?"
Infidelity attempts an answer; philoso
phy make a vain effort to reply, and Jesus
Christ, the Son of God, comes with tho
rest. Let mo suggest to you the real test.
Ask them each, "What have you done?"
Demand of each that their nanera he
Lshown. Then will He come whose gar
ments are ayea rea, wnosa nanus were
pierced, and whose heart was broken, who
died and rose again that He might be
come the justifier of all that believe, and
on the very palms of His hands you read
the names, John Bunyan, John Newton,
Jerry McCaulcy, and brighter than them
all Charles Haddon Spurgeon.
"He hath saved us, and kept us, and In
His presence we rejoice with a joy unspeak
able and full of glory."
And this is enough I for one will aav,
Blessed Lord, if Thou canst save others,
and I know that Thou eanst, Thou canst
ssve me; und I will let Thee do it now."
.Will you join me in this now?
3. To sum it all up, if you would escape
condemnation you need simply to
HAVE A WILLING -MIND ABOUT
SALVATION.
Then by faith accept what He in grace
offers you. I have heard Christian "work
ers say to earnest inquirers, "Give your
heart to God and you may be saved." But
this is unscnptural t least the order ia
wrong. Accept first tha rift of eternal lif
I then give yourself, out of gratituda for His
goodness.
i Tho first saves you; the second ia the
I first fruit of your salvation.
Indiscriminate Giving.
At not very rare Intervale aoma per
eon will write to the poata. of tb
Grand Army, aollclting aid In some
way, and the sympathy, which the old
soldiers have for each other, often
prompts thorn to aaalat This ia frown
ad upon by the department, and Com
minder Weber of an Ohio poet, hat
the following to aay in a recent order:
lacre ia a crowing tendency boU
In and out of the order to aollclt Aid
from the poata of the Grand Army
and therefore great care should ba
exercised to the end that they ma)
not contribute to unworthy causes. If
f la beat not to contribute at all unlear
tn aoiicitationa are approved by thi
department commander."
A Qlaantio Tree.
John, Mulr, a famous naturalist and
explorer of tha Pacific alone, has dia.
covered a tree In the, General Grant
National Park, California, that aur
paaaea In measurements any of It
glgantlo rivals of the Sequoia group.
It la 109 feet in circumference, ami ia
finer apeclmea la every way than the
great trees which have, ao far, carried
oJt ttt honors of bngeuesa.
THE SABBATH SCHOOL
International Lesson Comments
January II.
fiucject: Christian Living. Phil. y MJ-dold-ea
Tet, Phil lv 4IWemofy Verses
a-8 Comnsniary ea lbs Day's Lesson.
Introduction The epistle to the Tiiil
mpisns was written from Rome, just be
fore Paul's release from his first imprison
ment. It is full of tender and affectionate;
counsel, This church was very dear to
Paul. Several times they sent him money
t relieve bis wants. Our lesson is a vivid
picture of the possibilities of Christian liv.
ing If its teachings were carried out lv
ail Christendom the millennial glory would
speedily be here, and the kingdom of
Christ would be victorious in the earth.
This epistle reveals something of the
character of the church at l'hilippi. Pnul
wrote nothing' to them by wsy of reproof.
Their great hire" for the apostle had caused
them to send Kpnphroditus to Rome with
gifts to support him in prison, nnd Paul
sent this letter to them when tho messen
ger returned. We also sre the peace anil
iov Hut filled the soul of the great apostle.
"The same mind." How important that
thoe who labor together in Christian
work should avoid nil dissensions!
''Yokefellow." There is much differ
ence of opinion as to whom the apostle
here addresses. Some think Epaphroditns
is meant. Others think the elder or
hishon oi the church is meant, nnd that
Paul is urging him to help the women just
named to a reconciliation of their differ
fine. Still others think thnt the Greek
wnd ''sunirus," which means "yokefel
low." sho'dd here be rendered as a proper
prune. "Help these women." Heln Kuod
i.n and Synlyche. "They labored." From
Hi"1 earliest times women havo rendered
valuable assistance in the propagation of
tl.e gospel. The gospel opens wide the
lorn- f Christian activity to women.
'(. lenient." Bishop of Rome shortly after
tl. death of Peter nnd Paul. lie wrote nil
rpiiitle to the Corinthians which is still
.-isiit. "The book of life." The register
hook of those whose citizenshin is in heav
en (l.tike JO: ); chap. 3: 20). Anciently
free eiiies had a roll hook containing tho
names of ail those having tho right of citi
zenship. ill. K.-.hortntions to the whole church
(vs. 4-9). 4. "Rejoice in the Lord.!' True
joy can only be found in the Lord. "Al
uay." Kven in the midst of afflictions and
I rin Is. There is a joy in the earthly things,
but this is not lasting. "The believer's
joy towers above all external circum
stances, anil may always abide, even in the
most distressing conditions." Note 1.
f Mirisliuiis may and should rejoice. (1)
This verse is a command. (2) .Iov is one
of the fruits of the Spirit (Gal. 3: IS). (31
It is the natural result of pence with God
(Rom. 14: 17). 3, The nature of the
Christian's joy. (I) Not in the creature.
(2) In God in Uis love. His word. His
providences. .1. The Christian's jov should
he contnnt. (1) God is unchangeable. (2)
The wuy to God is always open. 4. There
are mnv benefits to be derived.
i. "Moderation forbearance." Mild
ness, patience, gentleness. "The word
means orbeoranee. yieldingness. It is the
(Trace which is slow to take offense and
swift to forgive; which suffers wrong
rather than quarrel. Those who are ex
pecting a Saviour from whom they need
clemency may well show all men that thev
sre of a like character." Christian equity.
1. Dees not exact all the claims of legal
justice. Kcpiity is superior to legal enact
ments. 2. Should be evident in dealing
with all classes. 3. Should bo practiced
as conscious of the near advent of Christ.
It is a sorry spectacle when Christians ap
peal to the civil courts to settle their dif
ferences. 6. "In nothing be anxious." See Matt.
6: 25. There is a care of diligence which
is our duty, and consists in u wise forecast
and due concern, but there is a care of
distrust, which is our sin and folly, and
which only perplexes and distracts the
mind. "By prayer," etc. The true anti
dote is that constant prayer which carries
everything, great and small, with no ex
ception, to God. "Supplication presents
specific petitions to God. The thanksgiv
ing which should accompany prayer is
zeneral, and should. cover all past mercies."
Prayer makes know-n our desires to God
And casts our cares and burdens upon Him.
7. "Peace of God." This follows as a
natural result. It is the rest and confi
dence which God gives to those who sur
render all into His hands. Hee John 14:
27; Psa. 119: 165; Iso. 26: 3. "Shall keep
guard." "As a watchman guards a city."
"Hearts." The heart is the seat of the af
fections, the desires and the motives.
"Thoughts." Kven our thoughts, or pur
poses, are to be guarded.
8. ''Finally." In order for us to be the
liaopv recipients of God's love and favor it
will be necessary for us to take the course
her outlined by the apostle. "True."
Ability to discern truth from error is here
rccoguued. "Pure." Freedom from flesh
ly impurity which defiles body and soul.
It denotes chastity in every part of lite.
"Good report." Whatever is spoken well
of among good men. "Think." Let your
thoughts dwell upon that which is virtu
ous and holy. In this verse we have "the
science of Christian ethics."
0. "These things do." The apostle is so
conscious that in all these things he has
followed Christ that he does not hesitate
to commend his life to them as worthy of
imitation. "What they saw in him was
the same as what they-had heard from
him."
IV. Thankfulness for the gift sent (vs.
10-13). 10. "But I rejoiced." "The re
newed proof of their regard in the relief
sent by Kpapbroditus awoke in the apostle
a holy joy. Tliey were, in their solicitude,
like a tree putting forth fresh shoots,
They had heXjsed him before, and, indeed,
had never ceased their care of him, but
they had for a long time lacked an oppoa.
tunity of manifesting it."
11. "I have learned," etc. The apostle
does not say he had not been in want, but
be had learned to meet adversity with that
cheerfulness which the grace of God in the
heart can give.
12. "i know how," etc. He had been in
poverty and want, and again he had
abounded with blessings. He knew the
two extremes, and was not cast down in
the one or elated in the other. Ho took
whatever came aa from the Lord.
13. "I can do," etc. Bt. Paul "now
pasCat from knowledge to power." Thie
ability came, through faith in Christ.
Letters Mark Twain Geta.
Mark Twain is long suffering In the
matter of a correspondence loaded
with requests for favors from un
known people. Ho baa, consequently,
received the Impression that when
people find time hanging heavily on
.their hands they alt down and write
a letter to blni asking for something
These requests are alwaya preceded
by profuso compliments. "In my
Judgment," said Mark Twain recently,
"no compliment baa the slightest
value when it la charged for, yet I
think I never get one unaccompanied
by the bill." The latest letter he has
received la aomewhat la the nature of
a climax even to those that have gone
before. A school teacher aska for hit
portrait In oil. "There ia nothing we
would appreciate ao much," wrote this
admirer, with true naivete. "It could
be used for yearrs and yeara In tha
school." But the fact that it would
cost the author a thousand dollara ot
ao entered nowhere into the enthu
siastic brain ot the correspondent.
Chinese Government Advancing. '
The Chinese imperial government
baa takea another step In advance by
appointing a Japanese acholar of dis
tinction, pr. Unoklchl Hattorl. to a
professorship In Pekin university. The
doctor waa In that city during tha
siege. He la to be daa of 4he echoed
of literature. The ippolntment la a
sequel of the visit of the famous Chi
nese educator, Wu Ju-lun, to Tofclo to
famtliarla himself with Japanese edw
eattonal w ' - - ,
CHRJSTIAN ENDEAVOR TOPICS.
January ll--Brinxlof Others to Christ1 Me
L 40HS; hr. e-10; Mark v. W, M.
Scripture Verses Kzefc. xvxiA. C;
Matt. xxl!. 8-10; Luke I. 78, 79; xlv.
m-23; xv. Mil; Rim. x. 1.1-15; 2 Cor.
v. 14; li. 11; t Tim. II. 3-7.
Lesson Thoughts.
. To Us (lnhrra of nu'H l. such o
boundon duly upon nil Christian
that oa:h rmo will be held to strict
o,ox"tint bciore the judgment seat
of GchI for the mission work he has
had opportunity to flo.
To-rlay, niw, Is tho time to talk
to your friends or m l.;!ilior who haa
not yot placed himself on tho Bill?
of Chrlut; to-morrow liloi heart may
be hardened, nnd he may torn
away hlo ears from (he truth.
Selections.
Come, let tra york for Jeaus.
By faith anil earnest, prater,
The wandering ones from Jesus
Should claim our constant cars.
Then lot us work fxvr Jeaim
Before the sun (jnes down;
We've hearts to win for Jesitn
Ere we can win a crown.
Look uikju every man or woman
who ia in love with uln as dea-d.
a living corpse. I)o not treat tills
ng a striking metaphor; treat it as
the truth. A man fallH dying on a
crowdel street, and how eager 13
the throng to help in tiny way
What are you doiiiet for these
MtronM all around ?ou that are far
more really dyint; or dead?
"Hoy many do you carrying In
your cab?" naked a flalenmnn of nu
eriRinoer. "Two." replied the man
n.t tho throttle. "Why don't you
lake three?" "Three?" "Yes. why
don't you lake tho Iyird .Tosuo Christ
dlons?" Tho enslneer hesitated, and
fhon snld that he had been thinking
atiout tliat very thing. Only waiting
to have some one apeak to hltu of
Teriii! "Go thou."
On the hls'uwaiys. .In the alleys,
In tho busy marts of trade;
In the palace, In tho cottage,
ThouwaiKls atill the truth wade.
There havo .ll been fully purchased
Hy tho Savior's precious- Wood ;
And shall not they all be rescued
From the dark, impending:, flood?
Suggested Hymns."
Jesus saves! O blessed story.
Ho! reapers of life's harvoat,
Sowing in the morning.
Throw out the life-line.
Preach tite Gospel, sound It forth.
Havo you sought for the sheep?
PHYSICIANS HAVE LONG LIFE
Conclusive Proof That Hard Work If
Not Injurious.
It has often been said that it is not
work but worry that kills. Perbapr
no better exemplifications of the truth
of the saying can be found than the
number of hard-working physicians,
occupied unceasingly with great prob
lems in medicine, who have neverthe
less lived to what may well be con
sidered an . advanced ase, says the
American Medical Journal. Vir
chow's long life of nearly eighty-one
years of strenuous devotion to work,
so recently closed, is only a type of
the prolongation of existence and use
fulness that has fortunately been the
lot of some of the greatest of the
medical investigators. Longevity has
been the rule, however, not only for
the laboratory worker who in the
placid preoccupation of original ob
servation avoided the distraction of
mind and the diversion of activity
incident on medical practice, but also
for the man who Is able to combine
both successfully. Iu fact, while the
averago life of the practicing physl.
clan is the shortest of any of the pro
fessions, most of the great investigat
ing practitioners have lived Uvea ao
leng as to encourage every medical
man to take up original observation,
if with co other Idea than that of as
suring himself longevity.
Bird Battlea.
An unwritten law of birddom seems
to be that It is never worth while to
resist an opponent who seems to be
In deadly earnest, unless you have
reason to be in deadly earnest your
self. One result of this Is that you
often see large birds flying In appar
ent terror before angry small ones.
Y lthin a few minutes the other morn
lug (writes B. K. R. in Country Life),
I saw separate missel thrushes hotly
pursued by chaffinch, yellow-hammer,
and sparrow respectively, and a rook
pursued with equal vigor by a missel
thrush; while a few weeks before a
tiny willow wren used to chase the
sparrows and chaffinches -"hlch chase
the missel thrut-h that chases the rook.
More than this, the rook will gayly
hunt the sparrow hawk, which would
eat the willow wren at a mouthful
almost. So that we have a circle
which could be Indefinitely expanded
with intermediate gradations, showing
how littio logic there Is In the warfare
of wild birds.
Claim Motto Is Welsh.
"li b dlen," the motto which belong
to the Prince of Wales, is usually
translated " serve," and tradition has
it that It waa taken by the black
lrlnce from the royal helmet of the
blind king of Bohemian who waa killed
on the field of Crecy. It la a notable
fact, however, that the late Dr. Wil
liam Ihne, professor of English litera
ture at Heidelberg, rejected thlr
theory. He held that the motto wat
of Welsh origin and took ita rise al
the time when Edward I presented hi
new-born eldest son to the Welsh
chieftains nt Carnarban castle aa tbeii
future sovereign. lie held the chili!
up In his arms and exclaimed to
Welsh. "Etch dyn," meaning "This It
"your man." Tho explanation la ac
cepted by many antiquarians.
Electrio Shock Restores Hearing.
Almost totally deaf for seven year,
and after large expenditure with fruit
less results upon the part of bla par
enta, Charles McCormick, aged eleven
yeara, suddenly regained hi bearing
la Pittsburg in a peculiar manner.
While at play be atepped on a fallen
telephone wire. He waa thrown via
lently to the ground and badly shock
ed. When taken borne by his compan
ions bla parents were amased to find
that the boy bad completely regained
bla bearing. Philadelphia Public
Ledger.
Record of LUe Saver.
Sixteen children havo been rescue!
from drowning tola aeaaon Jay Walte.
TurrelL a Yarmouth (hmgland) ferry
num. who baa saved 29 Uvea alto
getbet.
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE
ajEAOINC FOR THE QUIET HOUR
WHEN THE SOUL INVITES ITSELF.'
Co mt A rrsyer Do I Dlsranrage Others?
lte Rnra That Ynnr friend Is Indebt
ed to Vou for Good Instead or Fes
Kvll Don't I. Its to Yourself.
I know that I am blind:
My wand'iing step oft go astray, I
As helplessly I seek the way
Oi truth, and hope to find.
I knnw that I am lame:
So prone to stumble as I go;
With manv falls and tiroo-rena alotv
I seek Thy grucc to claim.
Dull are my ears to hear
The warnings of (lie slill small roico
That pleads of me a bet ter choice
Than things I now hold dror.
Helpless I call on Tlice:
Open mv ears, O Lord, to hear,
Strengthen my feet, my footsteps cheer
And make mv blind eyes see.
Frank Heard, in Ham's Horn.
trse Your Influence Fnr Cioflil.
VWitlcM in the great day when the
jinnks are opened v.-e shall be amazed to
learn that the weight of our influence did
not lie in the direction wc had fancied, and
perhaps prilled ourselves it did. hut in an
altogether different direction. If we could
but get this clearly into our consciousness
it would seem as though we would take
more pains with what we arc thuu with
v. hnt we say or seem.
llm little careless word when we are oft
guard may undo a lifetime of earnest,
wnuld-he hclpnlnn.. The men who think
more of the forms and ceremonies of life,
as did the disein'es who hushed back Hur
titnaeus, than of bringing a soul near to its
M;ikter: tho people who think more of
their own damrer in the battle than of win
ning the promised bind for themselves and
their children, may write volumes on the
subject of mission work for Christ, mav
snralc movingly of courage in general, but
if they fail at the unobtrusive test moment
they m, ght as well huve kept still.
At certain place in the Alp travelers
arc warned to keep absolute silence as they
pass; the great belts oi ice and snow aro
so cven'v balanced on the mountain heights
above thnt a shout. I he report of a gun, or
even sometimes, in that unbroken solitude,
ouict as death, a word trembling out into
the air will catuc suHieient jar to set in
motion nn avalanche. So. about us all the
while are souls trembling in the balance,
wavering between lite and death. A word,
a touch, will turn the current toward heav
en or on the downward wav. - '
Sometimes it is but a spirit of light and
subtle mod-cry that keeps a soul back
from the Master's side, where is healina
and sight: sometimes it is but a lazv indif
lerence that cares not to speak the little
word of encouragement, or to take the
side with the brave Calebs who stand
jlone and are willing to go on with the
Lord's work, and nt our hesitation others
who were ready to join them fall back
and are afraid.
It is a principle of eternal and universal
application that men, in their occupation,
their speech, their manner, their vcrv in
nermost thoughts, do not live unto them
sc''es.
Yo nre built of two ncu nt nn'.if.
fe
rent and efferent. One is receiving nnd
le distrihutina. N'ow. onlv both vnrt
one
nert'ectlv is there lite. l et tin. ;,-;,. h
lost what, is it? Paralysis death. So if
an man be trying to refuse his influence
to the world or his fellow men. let him be
ware: it cannot be dune; it is death. A
long as one lives, out from his life goes an
influence, nnd that influence is cither help
itnr on or discouraging others.
It was a striking remark of a man on
his death bed. "Oh. thnt mv inHuence
could be gathered up nnd buried with
pie.' It could not be. It still survives
linn, working, and will work for centuries
to enme. Ho could not put forth his dving
hand and arrest it. It was too late. ' He
bad put in motion an agency he could not
control.
Hugh Blatk says: "It must alwavs be a
solemn lliines for a man to ask what he
has done with this dread power of influ
ence. For what lias our friend to be in
debted to us for good or for evil? Have
we put on his armor, and sent him out
with courage and strength to the battle?
Or have we drugged him down from tlm
heights to which he once aspired? We
are lace to face here with the tragic possi
bilities of human intercourse."
A shin in a voyage under mnnv skies
nnd with favoring winds for davs was sud
denly plunged into a wall of fog, dense as
smoke or steam. The wind grew chill and
piercing in an hour. The mercury in the
thermometer shrank in the tube. The
commander paced Uie bridge with anxious
?v.t"' -V lookout keen and ouick was kept.
V hat did it all mean? Was it onlv the
fog. Lvcry few minutes a sailor swung a
leatuer bucket over the ship's side, and as
it came up the officer on deck plunged a
thermometer into it and earnestly scanned
its reading. An iceberg lav oft the wcatii
1r jw! .rhc n,0,t ""rcadiul of all the
drcadlul dangers of the sea. Now that
i.uih-ib. ii it nan been ot the thinking
sort, may hin-e s.iid to himself. "I'll have
nothing to do with anvbodv: I don't care
what i.,op!e think of me. I don't bother
anybody, and I won't let anvbodv bother
me. 1 II keep to mvself." Ah. but there
V'"? a ,'roul),e' H couldn't keep to it
s if . And no more can one of these moral
or social icebergs who drift to and fro
unon tho tide of everydnv life. Silent, sel
fish, unapproachable, thev pride them
se.ves upon keeping aloof from every one.
J hey do business, it is true, they go into
company, but they are determined to live
to themselves. And yet thev do not.
hvcry one feels it when they enter a room,
ion can tell instinctively when you come
within the ranire of influence of such n so
cial iceberg The air is chill all about
them. The frost of their selfishness nips
in its bud the c.'.prcusion on the part of
otner peomn of many a kindly word, and
makes and keeps the other live-, that are
compelled by force of circumstances, to be
as barren and fruitless as their uwn.-Ncw
lork Mail and hxpmt.
Strength nt rurpete.
We have often tried to be strong in our
own resolutions, and have failed muerably.
Let us learn how to be strong in the Lord
Jesus, who, as Man. proved Himself supe
rior to all the powers of Satan. On the
mountain temptation. repeatedly
throughout His morul life, and notably
in the hour of the power of darkness, Sa-
MH,nrTreJiJ"m",1' ani,"t tu """oiid
i " ""t eould find no rcspou.se in that
glorious thrist-nature, and remember that
herein we have not example only, but pow-
..fili '.V1 V.7V. ,,at"rc. "hich is
u. When, t hcrelore, Satan tempts, meet
mm, not with your own resolutions, but
with the indwelling Jesus; let Jesus do it
all; have linn as yourgreat henrt-champion
to suhdue Nitan under your feet; meet Sa
tan i in the power of the ristn Saviour. F.
It. Jleyer,
alar.
ror nature there are no evil atoms.
What sremeth evil she turns to good.
Out of the blackest swamp, she lifts the
whitest, purest mists, and distils those
drops that break her sunbeams into the
brightness ot the rainbow. And lingering
ong beside nature's transformations man
k-ania the essential good hidden in the
heart ot evil, grows tender in bis judg
ment of men called criminal; grows sym
pathetic toward social movements that
TP ,.th,reU!n every form of good, and
with blinding tears of hope looks long
ingly toward those prodicala who have
been wrecked oy pauion.-Kev. Hr. Ilillis.
A Hundred Yeara Without a Doctor,
Mr. Nathaniel Wright of Leake, near
Boaton, Lincolnshire (Eng.), haa Jual
completed bis hundredth year, having
been born In October, 1802. He ha
never been attended by a medical man
and baa never had a bottle of medlclna
In his Ufa, and auffora from nd bodily
Infirmity except failing eyesight. H
Is a non-smoker and takes no stimu
lant -
If you analyse love you may Sao.
motive that will take all the cone,
out ot jrou,
COMMERCIAL REVIEW.
Gtacral TraJe Cesdltleni.
R. G. Dun & Company's "Weekly
Review of Trade" savs:
Trade and speculation experienced
the customary holiday quiet.
Industrial undertakings are inter
rupted in many cases by the tal::;.? of
inventories, while other plants arc
closed because fuel cannot be obtained.
Orders still come forward freely, and
the new year will open with more busi
ness on tin books than ever before.
Prices of commodities nrc firmly held
by the steady domestic demand, and
there is a good export movement of the
leading unplci. In this, .is in many
other .nstanccs. however, there ir. still
the tirawback of inadequate transport
ing facilities which restrict shipments
to the seaboard. Financial conditions
arc satisfactory.
Railway earnings thus far reported
for the month of December surpass last
year's by j.o per cent., and those of
lyoo by it.6 per cent.
yuict conditions in the iron and steel
industry unaccompanied )y ay igtl
of weakness, testify to the Iicaltliy tone
ami siiRircst a bright outlook for the
comiiiK year. Furnaces and mills will
cstcnd the season of idleness beyond
the usual time, not because orders are
lacking, but in order to accumulate a
moderate supply of coke.
New England shoe factories are in
(till operation and have liberal orden
on hand. Quotations arc firm, but with
out chance, as there is little new busi
ness coming forward at this time to
produce fluctuations. Staple lines are
especially strong in tone. Salesmen at
the West send in large sample order!
for fall styles, but no contracts of im
portance have been placed us yet.
An unexpectedly favorable feature
lias appeared in the market for cotton
Roods. After a long season of stag
nation in the export division, the de
mand for China suddenly became con
siderable, notwithstanding the depres
sion in silver aud liberal stocks ot cot
tons in Shanghai. Inquiries on this ac
count are still numerous, although
prices became firmer wiUi the stimu
lus of more business. Domestic trade
is limited to immediate requirements,
as is seasonable, yet there is sufficient
buying in most lines to prevent undo
sirable accumulation of supplies.
Failures for the week numbered 205
iu the United States, against t$o last
year, and 21 in Canada, compared witk
J.I a year ago.
LATEST QUOTATIONS.
Flour Spring donr, $.'! 2oa3.4'i; best
Patent, fl.fi'i; choice Family, f'J.JtO.
Wheat New York No. 2. 8ic:
Philadelphia No 2, liiiia'O'ic; Baltimore
No 2 TtJ.'ic.
Corn -New York No. 2, Itfc; Phila
dolphin No. 3. rjl;u'i2; Baltimore No. 2,
fjtie.
Oats Now York No. 2, 88e; Phila
dolphin No. 2, 40c; Baltimore No 2,
37o.
Hay No. 1 timothy, 17.fOn8t.OO;
No. 2 timothy. $16.o0al7.00: No. 3 tim-othyl-l..r.0al.r).fi0
Green Fruits and Vegetables Apples
per brl, fancy $2 W)3 25; fnir to god
per brl, 3 (J0ofe3 50; Cnbbuges, Do.
uiestic. per ton. I8.00a0.00. Celery, per
dog. !3o2rc; Eggplnuts. native, pot
100, 1150a 2 00; Grapes, bosket, 12aI6o
Lettuce, native, per bu box, f0cr0o.
Llmu benus, native, per bu bog, 80-a
Onions, Murylund and Pemisylva
uiu yellow, per bu, G5eiV75e.
Potutoe. White, per butfOafftc; Mnry
land nnd Pennsylvania, per bu C.riit!c;
New York, per bu O.'jaTO; sweets, per
brl $2 av'.rnj
Butter, Soparntor, MOa.'tle; Gutherod
cream, 2i2Hc; prints.l-lb .'Hull'.'e; KoMs,
2-lb, 30u31; Dairy pts. Md.. Ph., Va..
28n29o.
Egg, Fiesh-lnid eggs, per dozen,
25a2tio
Cheese, Lurge, 60-lb, l.'Ssl.X'.'c: me.
dlum, Md-lb, 13al.'J.'i picnics, 2-J-lb,
lyVnmc.
Live Poultry, Ileus, O.'.'alOc; old
roosters, each 2uu3Uo; Turkeys, laMe;
Ducks. lla!2
Hides, Heary steers, association and
saltern, late kill, tiO-lbs und up, close se
lection, 13,'r'al3?4'c; cows aud light steers
9u!Wo.
Provisions aud Hog Products. Bulk
clear rib sides, 10"ic; bulk shoulders,
lO.Vc; bulk bellies, lie; bulk ham butts,
10'ic; bacon clear rib sides, 10c; bacon
shoulders, ll.Vc; augur-cured breasts,
H'io; sut-ar cured shoulders, ll'c;
sugurcured California hams, lO.'ic;
lmins cunva teU or uneunvased, 12 lbs.
and over, :14c; refined lard tierces, brla
aud50 lb cons, gross, llo; refined lurd,
second-baud tubs, llo; roGnexl lurd,
hulf-burrels und new tubs, 11c.
Ltvt Stock.
Cblcogo, Cattle, Mostly l'la'.'Oo lower,
good to prime steers 5 60a0 60; medfuni
f.j OOaii 50; stockers and feeders ti 00
a4 60; cows, $1 2oa4 50; heifers $i 00a
6 00; Texns-iud steers $.') 50u4 75. Hogs,
Mixed and butchers 1 f0at 20; good to
choice, heavy $6 30utj 50; Sheep, shot-p
and lambs slew to lower; good to choice
whothars :l 75a4 50; Western sheep
4 25n4 50.
Fast LibsTty, Cattle sternly; ehoieo
15 75a5 iX); prime $5 80u5 75. Ilotrs,
prime heavy ft 4'mli 50, mo.liums tj IVt;
heavy York jr n' 20u(5 25. Sheep steady,
Best wethers $3 90s 4 10 culls mid nun
niou 1 50a'J 00; choice lambs ' :J0.i." 50.
LABOR AND INDUSTRY
Glinemal'crs will form an interna
tional union.
The standard rale o wages for brick
layers in England is $10.50 a week.
lite Order of Railroad Telegrapher
initiated 4.000 new members during t!i
last five months.
Wages ol the employes on the W'el
land canal have been increased by t!u
Canadian Government.
The number of laborers required ti:
cultivate tlm tea crop in India is fK1,000
Within the pat five years labor or
gauiations of New York Slate havi
increased in membership 75 per cent.
By 59 votes to 5 the Northumberlam
(England J miners' delegates have re
(used to adopt a scheme to reduce the
coal output
Switzerland has 5,000 different fac
tories aud the whole country is a bee
hive of hotuic industry.
Agitation lor better pay for comnior
sellout teachers slill goes on in Iowa
but as yet the pay is no better than it
was.
Negotiations for an increase of k
per cent, for all hog butchers at tht
Chicago stock yards arc progressing
favorably.
The Central I-ibor Union, of Canton
Ohio, has inaugurated a fight against
convict goods. The .merchants ar
(with them.
', Plioto-cngravcrs at Boston, Mass.
have struck to enforce a demand foi
an eight-hour day and recognition o
the union.
is estimated that 90 per cent. r
the , employes ol the Cigar .Trust an
ci iilcs, nd the great majority art
n tors.
IHE GREAT DESTROYED
1
SOME STARTLING FACT ABOUT
THE VICE OF INTEMPERANCE.
Concerning fXr floras Facta Resrsrdtac
Ita ', and tha Dreadful Effects ITpwa
the sjyitem or tha User Bear Dsakenr
Worst Rnbjeet For gorgeous.
To those who believe, or would like
beiieve. that beer is less dangerous a bev
erase than whisky, we commend an editor
inl in the July 15 issue of Bsrrels and Bat
ties, a brewers' journal published in In
dianapolis. Under the title: "Is Ueer
Safe Keverage?" retail dealers are warneo!
sgainst its use. The man behind the be
must sell beer, snys the writer, but hm
should not drink it would not, in fact, "IM
he knew as much about its effects as s
mnn in the business oiiirht to know." It la
"most disturbing to digestion," and "foF
the benefit of those in the trade who wish
to consider all sides of the question and to
face facts a they sre," the article quote
nt length the fnmoiis speech of Senator
fiallinger delivered before the United
Slates Senate in sunpnrt of the anti-can
teen bill. "He," (the Senator) says Bar
rels and Bottles, "quoted from a series of
interviews with physicians of Toledo, O.,
secured by the Toledo Dlnde, prefacing
their declarations by saving:
"Toledo is essentially a beer-drinVinf
city. The ficrman population is very large.
roe or uie inrjcsi nrcwencs in tne coun
try nrc here. Probably more beer in
drunk, in proportion to the population,
than in nny other ci!v in tne United
States. The practice of thene physician
is, therefore, largely among beer drinkers,
and they have hail abundant opportunities'
to know exactly its hearings on lienllhanit
disease. Kverv one benrs testimony thai
no man can orinK Deer salely, that it i
sn injury to anyone who uses it in an
quantity, nnd thnt its effects on the gen
eral health nre fnr worse than that of
whisky, elosginir his liver, rotting his kid
neys, decaying his heart and arteries, atn
nefying and starving his brain, choking
111s uings nnu iironciun. mailing Ins bode
with dropsicnl fluids nnd unwholesome fsi.
fastening upon him rheumatism, erysipelas
and nil manner of painful and disgusting
diseases, and finally dragging him to hm
grave at a time when other men are is
their prime of mental and bodily vigor.
Here are some of their statements!"
Then follows a column from the doctors
testifying to the "dreadful results of beer
drinking." These are a few of the thingr
they ay:
"Beer kills quicker thnn nnv other liquor.
My attention was first called to its insid
ious effects when I began examining foe
life insurance. I passed as unusually good
risks five Germans young business men
who seemed in the best of health and ia
have superb constitutions. Tn a few years
I was amazed to see the whole five drop
off, one after snothrr. with what ought to
have lieen mild eand easily curable dis
eases. On comparing mv experience with
that of other physicians 1 found they were
all having similar luck with confirmed beer
drinkers, and my practice since has heapee
confirmation on confirmation.
"Among the dreadful results of beer
drinking nr - lockjaw and erysipclss, anil
the beer rti. -eems incapable of recov
ering from mild disorders and injuries not
usually regarded of a grave character.
Pneumonia, pleurisy, fevers, etc.. seem t
have a first mortgage on him, which they
forei-lo-.c remorclcss!v at an early oppor
tunity. "Adulterants are not the most imnor
(ant thing in mv estimation: it ia the here
itself. It i.tupehs the intellect, because il
is a nnrcotie and cumulative in its effect,
r.vcry man w ho drinks beer in nnv quan
tity soon begins to lond himself with soft,
unhealthy fni. This is bad. because it ia
the lesult of interference with the natural
elimination of deleterious substances.
"Itcer drinkora are ebsolutclv the most
dnimcroirs class of subjects a surgeon run
operate on. Insignificant scratches arc lia
ble to develop a long train of dangerous
troubles. It is dangerous for a beer drink
er to even cut his linrer. I do not reg-ord
beer drinking r.a safe for anyone.
"A majority of saloonkeepers die from
dropsy, arising from kidnev and liver dis
eases, induced by beer drinking. Mv expe
rience bus been that saloonkeepers and
men working around breweries are very
liable to thce diseases. I have
always believed that Hayard Tavlor fell
victim lo the Ceim.iu beer that he praised
so highly. He died nt Hnghts disease at
filly, when he should ha.'e lived, with his
constitution, to n !reeu old age. He went
just as beer drinkers arc going oil the time
npd everywhere.
"Ilier drinkers are neen'iiarlv liable to
die of pneumonia. Their vital power,
their power 01 resixtmce, their vis medi-r-nirix
naturae, i so lowered that they are
liable to drop off from any form of acute
diteuse, Icvei-s. nneunionia, etc."
Senator (iallinget-'s speech is valuable
material in the campaign of education tn
be carried 011 against beer, and with it
new nnd unique setting in Ilarrels and Bot
tle it acquires additional force and signifi
cance for beer sellers and beer drinkers.
Union Signal.
Ilrnnkrnnrt anil the Law.
The Austrian Government is preparing
to combat drunkenness by law. A bill ia
beintt drawn inflicting severe penalties
upon dipsomaniacs.
In this country about thirty States have
general laws dealing with drunkards. The
others leave to local ordinance makers tha
business of disposing of the victims of tow
much drink. As penalties for intoxication
there nre provided fines ranging from fifty
cents, the minimum in sonic States, to
Kl si. the maximum in others. Imprison
ment is an alternative punishment ia
most Sistes. but is the only one in Maine
and New Hampshire. The terms of tha
convicted r.iinre in various Commonwealths'
from s two days' minimum up to a five
yearn' maximum. In Alabama the com
mon drunk ml gets six months at hard la
bor. In Minnesota there are progressive
penalties lor offenses alter the first. Sev
eral State, exact bonds for future sobriety.
It is ,1 f.ut proved by drink statistics?
that America is becoming more temperate,
bill the liefi authorities do not attribute
the improvement to the effecta of lrgal
penalties. Hard driukers are no longrr
toiinteimni rd bv desirable society. This u
one reformatory force, and a stronger one
yet i the iiu Teasing demand in many lines
ol business lor men who are alwavs sobei
end reliable. Most railroad corporations,
lor instance, insist nn trmperance iu theit
employe-.. As they have work for mors
than a million men. they exert a tremen.
duns influence for abstinence.
Austria's new law will swell her records
iu offense. It will not change men's
tastes nnd desires. The bet reformatory
statutes nre tlniae framed bv soi-inl n.1,1
Imsires, self-interest. -New York World.
A Wise nuts.
Th" l.i.ei.e ('ommissionr-s of Glouces
ter, Mas-., huve made it a rule that when a
drunkard bus been broutht before the
courts and convicted of the folly the sa
oon keepers are notified not to' sell hinr
liquor for six months.
Ailvlee Atlilrtsf.
An infliientiHl baseball guide (Witt's)
lias the following wise Iniggnstion:
"Any man uow desirous of using his phy
sical and mental powers to their utmost
advantage must ignore first, intemperance
in eating, and second rufuse to allow a
drop of alcoholic liquor, whether in tha
form ot spirits, wiue. later or cider, to paw
down his throat. We are not preaching
temperance to the fraternity, but telling
them facta, hard, incontrovertible facts!
which experience ia gradually proving la
those who have charge of the training as
athletes tor teals ol physical skill or eur
duivutcv.
A Good Xaallmaalal.
"I have never drunk nor meddled with
liquor. 1 have seldom used it in my fam
ily as medicine, and yet it haa meddles
with me it haa made my boy a wandering
vagabond, haa broken my wife'a heart,
lea. when 1 waa asleep thinking bin at
home in bis bed, he waa lieina mad
drunkard in a bar-room." Kx-IT. fri. Ss
ator Mcnimau, of South Curuiina.
t,
The saloon is the enemy of man. It is
the euriny of lita body; it destroys health
and shorten, life. It is the foe ef bu
mind, stupefying hi brain aud excluding
noble thought. It ia the murderer of kaa
01I a hot-bed of vice, a moral past hour,
a lit. relee of spiritual disssver aad ialh
1'