1
"A THREE-FOLD CHORD
Sunday Sermon by Dr. Chapman thf
Noted Evangelist.
Poloti Out Why Erefl Seemlnrlf Unforuinab
Mortal) Have Belter Reaiont tor Thanks
(trine Than Faultfinding.
New York Citt. The t?ev. ftr.J. Wit
bur Chapman has furnished to the press a
most itriking nnit popular wrmon which
it intended for all those who would rise to
better things. It is entitled "A Three-Fold
Cord," and was preached from the text, "A
three fold cord is not quickly broken." Kt
clesiaste 4: 12.
Did yon ever atop to think how many
things you have in your life for which you
ought to bo grateful to Ood? Doubtless
some of my readers may pause and aay ''I
have very little for which I need to be
thankful, ' and then, as a matter of fact,
yre have had more of joy than of sorrow,
more days of sunshine than of storm, and
if we were honest we should be obliged to
say that there is more reason for thanks
giving than faultfinding.
An old friend of mine, blind from'1 his
birth, told me that ho hud never seen the
sun rise and bad never looked upon his
son's face, and then he said to me, "Have
you ever thanked God for your eye sight,"
and I never had up to that time. In the
city of Hartford, going through an insane
hospital with the attending physician, I
stopped with him at the door of a room
mini. ;"'i Bid iiunm-flliy B.1IU, UOC'
tor, I must have a breath of fresh air, for
I nm being consumed with an inward
fire." The doctor gently closed tho door
and said, "Ibis has been her mnnia for a
year," and then we entered a room where
in close confinement was kept a man who
was reckoned one of the most brilliant
journalists in the city, who said, "These
walls are coming nearer together, and the
floor and ceiling are every dav approachmg
each other, and mv enemies liavo kept me
here until my life is to be crushed out." I
doubt not but that he suffered as much as
if it were an honest fact. I turned away
from the hospital with a heavy heart, but
eondenined, tio, because up to' that time I
hid never thanked Ood for my reason.
There are so many things for which we
ought to be grateful, but most of all to my
mind theri is cause for gratitude in the
way God has sought for the lost world ever
since men have begun to wander from
Him. Adam no Roonrr sins than God seeks
him in the garden nnd cries out. "Where
nrt thou?" God will not unlock the foun
tains of the dern and bring the flood until
he sends Noah for 120 years as the preach
er oi righteousness to warn the people, nor
will He let odoin be destroved until the
angel visitors take hold of Lot and drag
him forth from the citv. nnd also strive in
every way to bring the inhabitants forth
to a place of safety. Kverv representative
of a father in (he Old Testament is a pic
ture of l. oil. Jacob's eo:iccrn for his chil
dren: David, who stops nnd cries. "Oh,
Absalom." are but bints ns to (tod's con
cern for His own lost children, and He is
in every way seeking them nnd rolling
upon them to return. In the O'.l Testa
ment He gives the law that they may be
lio.d His nrccepts written upon' tables of
stone, and when men will not heed His
written word He opens the windows of
heaven nnd with an angel choir sends His
only Son and locates the place of His birth
br the star of Hethlehein. nnd leads the
shepherds to adore Him with sounds of
angels music, and this Son of God. .lesus
of Nazareth, went up and down the Innd
teaching and preaching, but most of all liv
ing in order that men might one day
through Him come back to the Father,
"lien the world became so skilled in
wickedness that they would not have Him
live in their'preseuce becutise their lives
were a condemnation in themselves He
made His way to Calvary and died upon
the cross, the just for the unjust, that He
might bring us to God, and when He had
been crucified, placed in the tomb and
Iwd risen lie dwelt wilii them at Jerusa
lem until they should be endowed with
poner liom on high. They kept His com
mands, nnd when the fulness of time had
come with a ru-diitig sound us of u mighty
wind the Holy Ghost came upon them,
lliey were immediately changed men; they
hegan to speak with other tonsites ns the
Spirit gave them utterance. From that
day to this the Holy Ghost has been in the
Jioi.d, iU 80 ,lnt i, ,lft tr;itv 0f (!oii
has been all but repelled in the interests ol
inml rcan. The God of law. the God of
grace, the God of powe; This three fold
yiiion we have had of the Divine One nnd
la every disposition He is seeking. Ttiis is
a most Folcnin subject, because we arc liv
m in the dispensation of the llolv Ghojt,
tn last cord as it were of the trinity.
(Mien the Oetii-c went down on tlie Erg
lull coast, one boy. Stewart Holland, bv
name, became n hero because while the
passengers were frantic and iho other sea
men r.ud officers were otherwise engaged
lie broke into the powder magazine and
again nnd again tired off the ship's cannon
that he might arouse the life savero nnd
let theni know t f tho perilous condition of
ilio ship and her crew. It would seem to
me that this is the timo when those who
preach the gospel ought umplv to stand
nd cry aloud, "Flee from the wrath tc
tome, rice from the wrath to come," be
Mine we are in the dispensation of the
Holy Ghost.
This is a so'.emn subject because of the
peculiar kind of sin which may drive away
'0d spirit. I the Old Testament the
;n ot the people was largely idolatry,
they would not have (iod rule over them,
am so they bowed down to gods of wood
and stone . That is not our particular
trouble today. In the New Testament
envy and jealousy hounded Christ to the
ero.j; men feared Him nnd because thev
were jealous of Him thev hated Him, but
i"t is not our special sin to-day. The
sm ot tins present diy seems to be iutlif
it n"' i " n dangerous sin because
n r,v? from 01,r presence the llolv
"' oi God who plcuds and waits for tin
to turn. 1. :
1 nine uii 11(1 Id will 181
"0 is m ,llm.T ( gavjng it up t10
time and every timo he says no he but
Hardens his heart the more, until at Inst
uie verv nw.mi i. . : 11: ir i.
(,,, f --.,,- ui uuu utilise. i vv
loine of no cftect.
- --. .... . IIUI.-I .
In lt,a .1
t "' 1 ". wnen tlie piaguc swent ovci
iioniton and funeral processions by th
tli. 'c,uloJ tlie-ir wnv to the grave, nnd
ton-Li'"4 Cr,',y home that was not
Zt I f'li Wlt ' dcu. ministers, indeed,
eric. 1 "". lyini ",en tn dying me.
seem.,1 ,ml Hnd "n,u'eJ nnt- OM '"'
the 1 !' 1ay ,t0 tl,cm- "Strike now," and
ire I l w'11' J'1"" demands to-day
1 " " as, rious. Men's hearts are
more ! ni !ai',l0',c' ' their wil1" more Bni1
,U, l'lorn. It is the timo to cry
ua ,vitl o uncertain tone.
but the?.?.''"11 eonl iannt nuieWy hroW
untwist il " to lrek it easily;
eiaratel -hoco.fl. "d break the strand
prist ner L ni,d ,f vo" ar8 tn'l
'o -lay i, 'tb0. ,e, tJ"' "e'1'1 V;.11" wo''''l
againsK'n i .i " v ,ill0",' We may sin
Sivene's 11,0 Futller' nd there is for-
Ntlau'0crolLn 11,0 "nt his .on
' earner 'ef . and when be graduated
hut wifh V "u"1. !,n'y w't' "is diploma,
fastened nn m i "1"'"' intemperance so
ftherfg ZZ ,''mi";,t,1,e i"B''l li
eart. and 7m i" "J r,,k,e '"other i
ter. went f" " x ',' loveJ '" Mt
thev me in The . lit"? Until one i"r
made a re, ',.1, "Jf - nui w1""1 tlie '
't granted ?.t i"1,'- f,,ther w,,icu WM
oM father .ue';1"' the face. The
arraige ami ,rV. . ' .then tepped into his
IWV out to th V, . -i " nmdB
'"'I down u on lT:i'lyLb,uyin ""0l", "'
i'"in and agam k".ee" n,,d "rieked
lie iafd S'him Shen." '"'
m d broken 1 You lll,v disgrace!
yo; now Vo,. ,Lart and 1 kvloved
"inieit und u.nll .,1 . away, anil lie
on outca,! i 1 d '''0ln father's house
iod ha not , 'ul,lc'' dl this;
"gainst Hi. u'.t d("'e it. We may sin
we may ""! will forgive us, and
He ha ,''o,n,Lu,r,t the Kon of Man and
n do it u .f'givene.s. How men
One of the m .nl mmit "lertand.
me that I,, i, Tmb"r" of my church told
'"ge manufac7 ' .il"',"'r;ted many of the
u"t one dav h. . gu,,d",K Iiclnnd,
out of line "w that one building w
t , 1 1 iic ana stem,,,,,, i,i, i,. ..irj ,
''Wing- toe.nt,1, V.tre ?vo'''n " cf
ylier. tb ,., '..,"lde t'"' he might see
f"d, a mai , J 0 Mi- "d '" y
augnt him l . V r1-".' c" "" arms mm
Jl. Lroka bin fall tluc hu
wair ac.ireciy tnjm'eo- ar nir.- nnr InT owtt
arms were driven into their sockets nnd
his back was twisted out of shnpe. He
never recovered, nnd was ever after that
an object of pity as he made his way along
the streets. The man who had been saved
gave half of all he hnd to the man who had
saved him. His wages were nlwavs divided
with the one who suffered for him. and wo
understand thin as being right and true,
but when Christ suffers for 11s we do
naught but reject Him, yet in the face ot'
all this rejection God savs. "I will forgivr
you, but if we sin aiainst the llolv Ghost
there is no hope. We may snap the two
c! - J l"c trinity, but when we snap the
third by indifference and sin it ia a dan
gerous thing.
In the dsva nf thA'Ant,! nn 41. n m.:
TJiver at that point, in the river where
three bridges one nfter another span the
river, when frequently men and women
are seen drifting upon rafts and striving
frantically to be saved, ropes are let down
from these bridges in order that they may
attempt to catch them. If thev miss the
two bridges men stand upon the second
bridge and shout after them as they go.
There is but one more hridee, nnd as a
rule it is their last chance. So it is with
us, except that the statement of God's
word is that if we sin ngainst the Holy
Ghost there is no forgiveness. Our refusal
may one day be accepted.
III.
We are not so familiar with the Ho
Ghost as with the Son of (iod and with
God Himself. Wc have learned concerning
His personality, wc have had visions 01
His power, we read stories of His work,
but it ought to be remembered that cverv
impression we have toward good in these
days comes from Him, for He talks of the
things of Christ and shows them unto us.
Sometimes His seekings have been in
trouble, always in a revival. He calls
sometimes by the ministry. There is n
special call given to us frequently in God's
providences; generally through our friends
who are Christians lie speaks to ns the
things of (iod. One of my friends took a
seat in a railway train next to a man, and
in his conversation learned that be had
just become a Christian. He said that it
was through a letter written him bv his
mother. My friend asked to sec the letter
which would mean the conversion of a
man, and he answered, it is not so much
in what she says, but it is the way she
signs her name; you can see that her hand
has trembled, nnd when I rend it I said,
if she dies no one else will ever ask me to
be a Christian ngain. This is true of the
Holy Ghost. If we sin against Him there
is no hope for us. A three fold cord is not
quickly broken, but wo have, ns it were,
snapped fwo of the strands nnd the third,
is day by day swinging just to our bands.
To say m once again may be to reject
Hir.i forever.
Self-Surreutler.
There will come to every manly man
limes in his life when he will sec that
there is something which is legitimately
his, f.niicthing which he has .1 right to,
something which nobody can blame him
if he takes nnd enjoys to the fullest, and
yet 8omothipg by whose voluntary and
inicnmpelled surrender he can help his fel
low man nnd aid the work of Christ and
make the world better. Then will come
that man's trial. If he fails and cannot
make the sacrifice, nobody will blame
him; be will simply sink into the great
multitude of honorable, respectable, self
iiidubient people who take the comfort
able things which everybody says they are
entitled to, and live their easy life without
a (juestion. Hut if he is of better stuff,
and makes the renunciation of comfort for
s higher work, then he goes up nnd stands
humbly, but really, with Jesus Christ. He
inters into the other range, that other Bort
of life where Jesus Christ lived. He is
perfectly satisfied with that higher life,
lie does not envy, be does not grudge, tho
self-indulgent lives which be has left be
hind. He does not count tin what he has
lost; he dues not ask whether he is hap
pier or less happy than be would have
been if he bad kept what everybody said
be had a right to Keep. It is not a ques
tion of happiness with him at all, but grad
ually, without bis seeking it, be finds that
the soul of the happiness which he has
left behind him is in him still. Like foun
tains of sweet wuter in the sen it rises up
nnd keeps him a living soul. Ho has left
the world's pleasures and its privileges
only to draw nearer to its necessities,
which nrc its real life. So what he gave
he keeps a thousand fold in this present
lime, nnd eternity is still before him. in
the end everlasting life. Phillips Brooks.
Sermons the Preacher's Deepest Thoughts
"Almost no preacher to-day dwells ex
clusively upon sin, salvation nnd the re
lation of Christ to the sinner," Bays the
l ongiegationalist, of Doston und Chicago.
"Important as these themes are, other as
pects of the mission of Christ in the world
and of the purpose of Christianity are
being brought to the front. Wc regard
this as extremely desirable. Preaching is
something more than the reiteration of
traditional truths in conventional ecclesi
astical language. A sermon is tho embodi
ment of u muu's deepest and most real
thought, phrased in words which every
body can understand and addressed to the
real needs of real people. Jesus ( hrist was
a popular preacher, lie employed parables
and talked about the lilies and the clouds,
the barrel of meal nnd the play of little
children, nnd weighed carefully nil His
words with a view to making the truth
which filled and flooded His own soul
plain, winsome and powerful in the eyes of
others." -
Ciod'a merer.
Tho more we fear crosses the more re.t.
son we have to think that we need them.
Let us not bo discouraged when the haml
of God lavcth heavy woes upon us. Wo
ou?bt to judge of the violence of our dis
enso by the violence of the remedies which
our spiritual physician prescribes for us.
It is a great argument for our own wretch
edness and of God's mercy that, notwith
standing the difficulty of our recovery He
vouchsales to undertake our cure. Let us.
then, draw from our afflictions a source of
love, of comfort and trust in God, saying
with His apostle: "Our light affliction,
which is but for a moment, worketh for
us a far more exceediim and eternal !.. lit
of glory." "Illessed are thev that mourn,
and sow in tears, because they ahull reap
with joy the harvest of eternal glory."
vcnelon.
Mother.
God give us but one mother. Remember,
tho has borne for you that which no other
human being has or can. Itemember that
in the natural course of events the grave
will in a tew years, at most, close over
her, leaving you behind. Kenieniber that,
when she is gone, you will think of her
faults and her failings with pitiful tender
ness, and want to cover them from all hu
man eyes. And remember, also, that the
deepest sting which sorrow has for us is
bidden in those soul harrowing words, "if
1 only had!" or "had not!" It would be
blessed to live, no matter v-hr.t the provo
cation, so that, standing nesido an open
grave those words could have no sting for
us.-Mra. U. R. Alden.
Ostriches Live Sixty Years. ,
Ostrlcho8 live to the age of about
sixty years; It has been found that
the climate of the Pacific states south
of Cape Concepcton Is admirably
adapted to the African oBtrlch. The
balmy 'climate of California pormlta
the birds to remain In tbe open all
the ye.tr round. The feathers are
always in. demand and range In value
from $10 to $100 a pound. No more
easy occupation can be entered Into
aud few more profitable iu tbe raising
of live stock, than the ralulug ot the
domesticated ostrich. On the nourish
ing alfalfa that grows so readtl)
and so plentifully in California, thf
ostriches thrive; they will eat all
kinds of grain and vegetables.
Zulu In American University.
Pixley Ka luaalta Berne, the first
'.Zulu to enter an American university,
'has succeeded In passing tbe severe
entrance examinations at Columbia,
'and has matriculated for an eight
:years courue in medicine aud surgery,
'lie has been In this country since I8D8
land is 21 years old. Ills purpose is to
practice medicine lu bis nuttve laud.
THE SABBATH SCHOOL
International Lesson Comments Foi
November 23.
Subject: Woe to the Drunkards, Ha- mill., I
13 Golden Text, Isa. xxvlll., 7 Memory
Verse, 7 Commentary on (he
Dsy's Lesson.
1. "VToe." Grief, sorrow, micrv. a
heavy calamity. "To the crown of pride."
Hy the crown of pride the prophet refers
to .Samaria, the beautiful capital of Israel.
The citv was situated on the top of a round
hill and surrounded by a rich valley. "The
drunkards of Kphraim." Knhrnim. the
leading tribe of the nation, had become le
based in vice. They were n tribe of drrunk
ards, and because of this the woo was niton
tlietn. "A fading flower.". A very foreib'e
figure. Their beauty nnd glory would fade
as a flower. "The fat valleys." The val
leys around Samaria were very fertile nnd
beautiful. "Overcome with wine." AVine
causes men to fall an easy victim to temp
tation. Alcohol destroys the will ?ower.
The drunkard has n bad character nnd (ten
srnlly enters recklessly into the vi!ct sins.
What is overcome? 1. ltenson. Intem
perance makes fools of men. 2. Con
science. The moral sense becomes dead
ened. 3. Physical powers. The drunkard
indulges in that which entirely unfits him
to meet the obligations that are resting
upon him. He incapacitates himself for
any position of trust. The pennltv is lost
manhood, social degradation, an imiTnver
isbed nnd a desolate homo and eternal ban
ishment from Ood.
't. "The Lord hath a strong one." This
is a reference to the army of the Assyrians,
which was soon to come upon them like n
devastating storm. The destruction Would
be complete, like a terrific hail storm or n
great flood.
3. "Trodden under foot." Sbalmaneser,
with the Assyrian host, invaded, overcame
and carried tho people away, never to re
turn. It is an unsolved problem to this
day where the ten tribes are; whether thev
continue to exist or are entirely extinct.
All of this was because of sin, nnd espe
cially the sin of drunkenness.
4. "As tho first ripe tig." As the first
ripe fruit was eagerly seized by the fruit
gatherer and hastily eaten, so Samaria
would be n delicious morsel for the Assy
rians. The image expresses in the strong
est manner the great case with which the
invaders would take the city and the whole
kingdom of Israel, and the" eagerness with
which thev would seise nnd consume tbe
prey. It is still true that trouble and sor
row like an invading nnny come upon and
destroy tho.se who might have been happy
and pronerous but for strong drink.
8. "Unto the residue." The prophet
now turns from the ten tribes to the two
tribes of Judah and Benjamin, the rem
nant of God's people, who were to continue
a Kingdom tor mnro than Us) vcars after
Israel was carried into captivity. .Indab
was to be favored and blessed. Under
Hezeltiah there was to he a revival of re
ligion. So, to-day. .lehnvsh will be "n
crown of glory," and "a, diadem of beauty"
to those who trust His word.
6. "A sniHt of judtrment." A clear per
ception of God's truth. A cles"- head is
promised as well as glorv and beautv.
"Turn the battle to the gate." Who pur
sue the fleeing enemy even to the very
gates of their own citv. We have a spirit
ual warfare to wage (Enh. (1: 121. and we
are pledged toconquer the world for Christ.
Beware lest we render oii'selves unfit for
military service by luxurious habits nnd
sinful indulgences. The drunkards of
Kphraim could do nothing to oppose tbe
invaders.
7. "But these also have erred" (R. V.)
Jerusalem as well as Samaria has her ine
briates and scenes of disgusting intoxica
tion. Though her punishment is not as
near as that of tbe northern kingdom,
there are seen the marks of sure decline.
Note the effects of strong drink portrayed
in this verse: 1. Krring. wandering into
hi oilmen wavs anri places. 2. Uvcn the
religious teachers led astrav. 3. Wholly
absorbed in appetite. 4. Ther cannot see
things as they are, or judne correctly. 5.
the whole life is perverted. God's minis
ters need a pure heart, a clean life and a
clear vision.
8. "There is no e'ean place." The liquor
business is a filthy business, nnd every one
who is engaged in it or has anything to do
with it is made filthy by it. The bodv,
mind and soul of the one connected with
it become polluted and corrupt.
9. Id. "Whom shall be teach," ote.
Many regard these verses as the words
used by the scoffers as thev mocked tho
prophet. They treat God's method of
dealing with them nnd warning them by
Ijia prophets with contempt and derision.
Vhat. say they, doth He treat us as mere
infants Just weaned? Doth He teach us
like little children, constantly going over
the same easy lessons. We must conceive
verse 10 as spoken in mimicry, with a
mo;'Kln motion of the head, and in a
childish, stammering tone.
11. "Nav" (It. V.) The prophet's reply
begtns with this verse. Isaiah attacks them
with great force and severity, turning their
own language, spoken in mockery, back
upon themselves. Yes, it shall be as you
say, ye shall be taught by a strange tongue
and in a strange land, whither you will be
earned into captivity. Then you will be
lorced to learn like children.
.12. "This is the rest," etc. God has
given them repeated and faithful warnings
pointing out to them the true rest and the
way to obtain it, but they had closed their
ears and "would not heur," and were going
on in their fancied aeXurity to certain de
etruction. , 1? "An' fa" bnckward," etc. They
bad had great light, and this made them
great sinners, and they deserved a terrible
punishment.
thoughts. The misery of this life cornea
trom Satan. The way to keep out of sin is
to resist temptation. Drunkenness is the
means by which the devil drags down to
perdition both young and old. Christians
who follow the Uible will be total abstain
ers. Ine priests were forbiJd.a to drink
wine; we are priests (1 Pet. 2: 3), therefore
e ought to avoid it. God's people are to
come out from the world and be separate
from sin and ainners. 2 Cor. 0: 14-18 .
though His people are in the world, vet
they are not of the world. John 17: 15
Our world is Btaggering under the awful
curse of alcoholism. The liquor traffic is a
cancer eating the very life out of society.
It destroys the morals of the country and
blights wherever it touches. Christians
cannot oppose it too Btrongly. The sanction
to the wholesale and retail murder of help
ess human beings, through the licensed sa
loon, is enough to brand us as hypocrites
and bring upon us the judgments of an of
fended God. The man who sanctions the
traffic by bis vote is a purtaker of all its
evil.
HOW TO 8TOP BETTING.
Practical Solution Offered by the
Century Magazine.
How was dueling stopped? Only
by the evolution of a codo of public
sentiment which made It a misde
meanor to iiiBult one s fellows by word
or deed, and removed tbe one ground
upon which the men of honor bad rea
son to defend the duel. How shall
Udlscrlmlmte betting be stopped? It
our parallel holds good, by the same
means. We have done away with hab
its of direct insult, let us tfo away also
with that Indirect mode of Insult
which arises from tbe bablt of gbirl
ftcation of one's self at the expense
of the earth lu general. We have
learned to despise swagger whun It
Is 'intended to give offense to an In
dividual.' Let us carry our ethics
farther, and despise it altogether.
Many of us already do this In theory;
let us have our condemnation felt In
practice. If we have ouce readied
tbe point of making it a part of our
social code that bluff and brag and
toud talk of every kind are unworthy
of gentlomnn, the only present ju.stl
Ucatlon for betting will fall to the
ground. Tbe rest may be loft to take
care of itself. Century aii!a.IUB.
CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR TOPICS.
Nov. U "Thanksgiving and Thankslng.
Psa. cxvl. IM7; Jss. I. 27.
tirrtptnro Versos-Psa. vl. C;
xvlll. 49; xxli. 22. 25; ::xx. !. 12:
xxxv. IS; xlvlll. ; lxlll. 3; lxv. 1;
Ixxv. 1; c. t; clll, 1-5; Mntt. xl. 25;
Marlt vlll. G; Horn. I. 8; 1, Cor. 1. 1.
Lesson Thoughts.
A Rrntltmlo that lasts only so Ion
a there remains some hope of per
sonal benefit, nnd in forgotten ns scon
ns the benefit is received, is baso In
gratitude. How long do wo remfrr,
lirr God's dally providences with
gratitude?
The very reason why wo forget
many of Ood'o Mossing Is really
tho very reason why wo should re
jiiombfr them with grati-ful hearts;
l.amvly, because they cqiho so regu
larly and unfailingly.
Selections.
Ah, I otd, bow carelessly wo go'
Unmindful of thee a.nltc
I'slnt: earn gracious sirtrfis thouyh
It were our own by right.
Yea, and with thankless murmuring
For other boons denied,
Donpising many a precious thing
In blind and reckless pride.
Give ns, O thou whose gltts aro fre.
The grace to need thy call,
That lu thy gifts we may find thes, '
The sweetest gift of all.
A thankful spirit makes a happy
life. Great blessings will not awaken
areat gratitude unless there Is the
habit ot being thankful for small
Idessinirs. When the recog
nition of God In all nature about us
becomes a hahlt of tho mind, we are
greatly blessed. God Is immanent In
all his works. "O Lord how manifold
are thy works! In wisdom hast tliou
made them all; the earth Is full of
thy riebes;" and yet wo often for
Ret thnt this is true when wo thlnis
about natKro.
The eternal ground of thanksgiv
ing Is to bo found In the righteous
ness of God. In tho consciousness
that under all human life there is a
foundation which no man can disturb,
and that life Is so organized thai no
mrtn ran bo happy, restful, or pros
perous in doing evil; that at every
turn he is smitten with penalties, and
that real happiness and satisfaction
are bound eternally to right thinking
and right acting.
Suggested Hymns.
O worship the Kins.
Wo praise thee, we bless thee.
Come into his presence with singing.
Come, thou Fount of every blessini;.
Come, thou almighty King.
I've learned to sing a glad new song.
EPWORTH LEAGUE MEETING TOPICS.
Nov. W Thanksgiving and Thankillvloj. Psa
116. I2-.7; James I. 27.
The psalm from which (his lesson Is
taken is a part of the "Hallel," or Old
Testament Magnificat. It was sung at
the great feasts, on tho eight days of
the Feast of Dedication, but especially
at the Passover. Used first, possibly,
at the national thanksgiving after the
return of the exiles, it becomes a fit
ting selection for a thanksgiving ser
vice. He gives the best thanks who
gives tho most help. "Thank" and
"think" are closely related both in
language and In morals. A considera
tion of our mercies will lead to thank
fulness. The origin of Thanksgiving Is a nat
ural expression of praise to God. The
Jewish nation had its feast which was
a close type of our national day of
thanksgiving. The Pilgrim fatherB
early set apart a day for tho purpose
of public thanksgiving. The entire
nation during the struggle of the civil
war fell Into the custom of a national
day of thanksgiving. It has thus be
come a great national holiday and day
of home-gathering. It finds its source
in the natural instinct of the heart to
thank Ood for blessings temporal and
spiritual. Reasons for Thanksgiving
are numerous and obvious. A sense
of our dependence upon God. An ex
pression of our love to him. The Joys
of life, health, family, and friends, are
sulllclent causes for thankfulness.
Then It we add tho prosperity of tho
nation, the church, and our spiritual
gifts we have an overwhelming mass
of reasons for thankfulness. Surely
nono ho poor, so friendless, so circum
stanced, as not to have abundant rea
sons for a thanksgiving day.
How best express our thankfulness.
True thankfulness will express Itself
in right living. Thanksgiving will re
sult in thanksgiving. There will be
first added devotion to God. Con
secration and ncal will be witnesses
to your thankfulness. Then there will
be the extended hand of helpfulness
to others. True piety is helping the
fatherless and needy, and iu maintain
ing an unspotted life. The measure
nf our religion is the measure of our
helpfulness to others. Feeding our
solves, feed also tho hungry. Visiting
our friends, visit also the friendless
aud needy. A thankful heart will
move a helping hand. A grateful sonl
will send the feet on errands of mercy.
Gratitude to God will always Inspire
pity for others In need. De thankful,
but be also helpful. Let thanksgiving
blossom out into thanks-living.
Thankful for life and health. Thank
ful for home and church. Thankful
for temporal prosperity. Thankful
for provisions of grace and help.
Thankful for salvation and victory
over death. Thankful for spiritual de
liverances from temptation. Thankful
for all God has sent of joy or sorrow.
No Questions to Be Asked.
When J. P. Morgan was traveling
for pleasure through rural Franco on
one occasion, he engaged a local pho
tographer to take and develop some
views of interesting places.' The pho
tographer, receiving nothing as a re
tainer, did not begin the work until
he had consulted with the manager ol
the hotel where Morgan was stopping
In the neighborhood, Yes the man
ager knew Morgan, and thought Mor
gan all right.
"Hut, monsieur," said the photog
rapher, "It Is such a large order! Can
I safely trust this American for 300
francs?"
"Mon Dleu! 300 france!" ex
claimed the manager. "Trust him!
yes;. for anything and everything un
der heaven he my take It Into bis
head to dream of! He U pre-eminently
tllnbl man!"
Record Head of Hair.
A Mexican lady, by name Mercedes
Lopez, claims to possess tbe longest
Oiead 6f hair In tbe world. She Is only
five feet In height, but when standing
erect her tresses trail on the ground
distance of four feet elfcht incbes.
It Is, moreover, so think that she can
hide herself in Its folds. So quickly
does It grow that she Is able to cut off
large tresaes aud sell them from time
to tune, since her husband's position
Is only that of a pjor shepherd.
THE GREAT DESTROYER
SOME STARTLINC FACTS ABOUT
THE VICS OF INTEMPERANCE.
Alrnhot Not n Mrillrln tr. Kellngi
1'nlnts Out ttis Results of Latest and
llest Investigations Hanelul K,Trrt ot
Alcoholic Meilleiitlon.
Af thn meeting of the Medical Temper
nice Association at Sarntna.i Dr. ,1. H.
Kellofft? rend a paper entitled "The lliine
fill Kffect of Alcoholic Medication as
Shown bv Uecenl Kxperimental Observa
tions." The bai of Dr. Kellogg's paper
was the facts recent.lv presented in the
New Vijice in th" artie'e. "Alcohol ns it
'train Killer" These fails Dr. Kelloitg
developed anil demonstrated at lennth,
citing the latest ind best scientitic author
ities, and arrived at conclusions which he
expressed as follows:
"These observations certainly have a
very practical hearing niton the question
nf alcoholic medication. If it is true that
alcohol, even in small doses, acts as nn an
aesthetic by erinpling the neurons nt the
centres of activity ami control, it is very
evident that no positive good can he ex
pected from its use. The same inlluence
which, throuch narstviins the vnso-motor
centres results in dilatation of the peri
pheral vessels, thus lessening the work of
the heart, at the saree time lowers vital
tone and lessens vital resistance and im
pairs every organic function through the
toxic influence of alcohol upon the neu
rons of the centres which control these
functions. Alcohol promotes sleep simplv
bv causing retroaction of the neurons of
the anterior lobes of the brain through its
toxic influence upon them, rather than by
remov-ng the cause of the sleeplessnesn.
which may be an excess of blood in the
brain ir irritability of'the cerebral cells.
"It is true that alcohol lessens the work
of the heart but at the some time it di
minishes the power of the heart to work,
so that this miht easily be the source of
more mischief than benefit.
"Kleefeld's experiments show that the
injurious effects of alcohol are immediate:
that as soon as the noiaon enters the blood
it. begins its mischievous work upon the
delicate protoplasmic structures of the
body which are bathed bv the blood and
lymph. That most baneful effects are not
immediately observed is flue, ns has hppn
shown above, to the remarkable power of
resistance ot the neurons ot tlie automatic
centres, which yield only verv slowly to the
influence of alcohol, a fact which is equally
true of other poisons as well.
"Progressive medical men cannot close
their eves to the exnerimental facts which
scientific research has brought out and
which speak in-unmistskablc terms of the
toxicity of alcohol nnd it uselessness in
cverv form and in all conditions to which
the human body is subject in health and
disease. After centuries of devotion to the
use of this baneful BTcnt. which perhaps
has been more extensively employed than
any other drug, the medical profession is at
last eominir to recognize thnt alcohol is nnt
nn elixir of life as supposed bv the ouack
ish Paracelsus, its promoter, but rather a
death-dealing product nf micronic acti'-itv.
differing in no essential particular from
other toxic substances secreted or other
wise formed by micro-nrarnnisms. Thev are
slowly learning that vital energy is to be
derived only from food, and thnt we can
only nid nature in her work of cure, as
well ns in the maintenance of normal life,
by the employment of those nhvaioloeieal
agents which promote vitil activity and in
crease vital resistance. Curative power is
not to he found in champagne bottles or
brandy flasks: henltb-tiving nower is in the
bodv itself, in the blood, in the tissues.
Said Dietl. the pupil of the ureal Ffokitan
sky. a hnlf century neo: "Nature alone can
cure; this is the hitthest law nf prnctienl
medicine nnd the one to which we must
adhere. Nature creates nnd maintains;
she must therefore be able to cure."
Roclotr Tipplers Tienonneml,
Tn the course of his address to the dele
gates nt the thirty-third annual convention
nf the Catholic Total Abstinence Union of
Connecticut the l'ev. Walter ,T, Shannon,
President of the Nationnl Union, nnd re
tiring President of the State Union, bad
the following to say:
"The drink evil, harmful as it is to its
victim, is more disastrous in its effects
on society. Scandal, infidelity, divorce, nre
its fruits. It is working havoc to-day in
the highest grades of society, and, unfortu
nately, amouc those who by social position,
education and refined association, ought to
be the cream of the cream. No one who
has any reirard for truth can deny that
there is to-day gross intemperance in high
society nnd even among women of the
highest grades nf society. Intemperance
among men is bad, among women it is
worse, nnd among women of high social po
sition it is one of the worst evils that af
flict humanity. Its influence is far reach
ing into all grades of society, blighting the
good that domestic life should bring to the
community and the nation and sowing the
seeds of moral deformity and manifold im
morality. The woman, ns queen of the
domestic kingdom, should give character
and virtue 'to the family in the home. If
she is a slave to intoxicants her realm ia n
hotbed of disorder, vice and misery, nnd
the State infallibly reaps disastrous re
sults." Tlie Swine's Brother.
Did you you ever see a pig in an orchard
with his whole intellect bent on getting an
other apple into his stomach?
His round, shrewd, greedy little eves
scrutinize the earth in all directions. His
ear twitches quickly to catch the sound of
an applo as it falls, and his fat body, with
amazing speed, obeys the message of the
car and rushes to get tho apple.
Hut in all bis wanderiniis through the or
cnard that pig never looks upward, never
thinks of the source of the apples that fall
near him. His mind is never raised above
the ground on which ho walks. The ap
ples on the low-hanging boughs almost
brush against bis bristles, but his eyes do
not sec them.
The pig's sight and mind and concen
trated attention are all turned downwurd.
He is incapable of so much as an upward
glance.
And the pie. voted the lowest of tho
animals by public opinion's just decree, is
typical of the man whom whisky is gradu
ally depriving of lib manhood, changing
him into a swine or a swine's brother.
New York American.
Seems Sminil nnd I.oiclral.
The general assumption is that men re
sort to alcoholic stimulation to make them
feel happier than their normal condition
would justify. They drink to drive away
the "blue" and to induce n feeling of tem
porary mental elution. If this feeling of
mental buoyancy and cheerfulness can be
induced by some other means than alco
holic stimulants, it is clear that the desire
for intoxicants will he lessened. This is
tho argument of Professor Guthrie nnd if.
conn sound and logical.
The Crusade In llrlof.
A man's thinkinir Powers will be in in.
verse ratio to his drinking powers.
Physiological moderation then, from the
very nature of alcohol, is practically im.
possible.
The President of the Canadian Dominion
Alliance for the Total Siionrcusinn nf tli
Liquor Traffic considers the inauguration
of a great pledge-signing campaign most
important.
Good fun and ttood cookery I lis one in
occupy the depressed limit's mind and the
other to steady bia nerves might be made
to do a great deal toward suppressing the
liquor evil.
The Anti-Saloon Leao-ue of Pennavlrimin
is very active in law enforcement. It ),
recently employed detectives to gather evi
dence in Dlairsville. Indiana, Homer City,
bialtsburg and other places.
The Supreme Council of the Knights of
Columbus, one of the atrongest Catholic
uaiei-nui insurance societies in tlie coun
try, has reported adversely nn tl. I
of seventy -Ave liquor dealers who had been
expelled, from local councils.
At the seventh anniversary n tl, T....
perance Association of the Flintshire Cul
vmistic Methodist Monthly Meeting of
Wales, held recently, tliu statement was
made that seven veins imi t
6000 pledged abstainers within the borders
pi tue Mommy (Meeting. .uw their num
ber ii ml.
COMMERCIAL REVIEW.
Central Trade Conditions.
R. G. Dun & Company's "Weekly
Review of Trade" says:
"Trade and industry are making
steady progress, reports from all sec
tions of the country containing evi
dences nf wholesome development. An
unusually large fall distribution oc
curred nnd current transactions in
heavier goods are liberal considering
the mildness of the season.
"Hie only development of note in the
iron and steel market lias been tbe to
per cent, reduction in price of tin
plates to take effect December I.
While some change was anticipated,
the trade was not prepared for so large
a cut. If the recent lowering of price
lists in certain sections of the market
should stimulate foreign trade, there
will be occasion for gratification, as
sonic exceptional export movement is
needed to offset the heavy imports ot
pig iron and biilcts.
"Contracts run far into the future in
structural material for bridges and
buildings, while plates are sought by
car works and shipyards. High pre
miums arc still paid for prompt deliv
ery, but ost shipments are on old
contracts placed at regular list prices.
"Jobbing trade is comparatively
quiet, except in Pennsylvania, and mild
weather has restricted retail sales.
"Some decline in the raw material
did not produce any lower offering
prices for cotton goods, although it
made buyers all the more anxious to
delay placing contracts. Reorder bus
iness in woolens is light. Quotations
are fully maintained for woolens and
worsteds, as might be expected in view
of the continued strength of wool
Failures not noted."
LATEST QUOTATIONS.
Flour Spring cloar, $3.10n3..10; hn
Patent, $4.50; choice, Family, $3.75.
Vhent New York No. 2. 7G,Vo.
Philadelphia No 2, 73?iV74o: Biltimore
No 2, 71o.
Corn New York No. 3, Gfle; Phila
aelphia No. 2. 69a69H; Baltimore No. 2,
03o.
Oata New York No. 3.3-lcj Phila
delphia No. 2, 38c; Baltimore No 2,
SCo.
Hay No. 1 timothy, $17.00nl7..r0:
No. 2 timothy. $lfi.00alb.r0: No. 3 tim
othy$14.00ai5.50 Green Fruits and Vegetables Apples
perbrl, fancy $1 50-ai2 75; fair to "ood
per brl, 1 2?)c$2 00; Boots, natlveer
bunch lclJc; Cabbages, native, flat
dutch, per 100, 75o$l 25; Colery, per
doz. 25c40c; Eggplants, native, per
100, $100 125; Grapes, basket, 10al2o
Lettuce, native, per bu box. 2.r)c335o.
Limn beans, native, per bu box, 80 a)
90c; Onions, Maryland and Pennsylva
nia yellow, per bu, 75c80o.
Potatoes, White, per buG0aG5c; Mary,
land and Penusylvunia, per bu U0nG5c;
New York, per bu 50a53; sweets, pet
brl 1 25a$l 50.
Butter, Separator, 2Ga27c; Gathered
Bream, 2 ta25o; prints, 1-lb 27a28o: Bolls,
fc-lb, 20a27j Dairy pts. Mil., Pa., Va ,
?5u2tic.
Egtrs, Frosh-laid eggs, per dozen,
23n'.'4o
Checao, Large, 60-lb, l.'lnt3,Vc; me.
dium, 3tJ-lb, 13al3, picnics, 23-lb
13.Val3o.
Live Poultry. Hons, 10al0-o; old
roosters, each 25a30c; Turkeys, 10al0.!s
Ducks, HKal2
Hides, Hoavy steers, association and
salters, late kill, GO-lbs uud up, close se
lection, 12)nl3)Vc; cows aud light steers
9sal0.'i,'o.
Provisions and Hog Products. Bulk
clear rib sides, 12o; bulk shoulders,
12?c; bulk bellies, 13o; bulk ham butts,
10'c; bacon oloar rib sides, 13o; bacon
shoulders, 12c; sugur-curud brousts,
15,H'o; sugnr-cured shoulders, 12c;
sugnroured California bams, 10c;
bamscanvused or uucanvased, 12 lbs.
aud over, 14o; refined lard tierces, brls
and50 lb onus, gross, llc; refined lurd,
second-hand tubs, 11,'c; refinod lard,
bulf-burrols and new tubs, llH'u.
Live Stock.
Chicago, Cattle, Mostly 10at5o lower,
good to prime steers $tj 50a7 40; medium
3 SOafJ 25; stockers and feeders $2 50
a4 75; cows, $1 4'Ju4 50; heifors $J 00a
5 00; Texas-fqd steers $2 00a2 50. Hon-s,
Mixed and butchers $li 40-ib' HO; good "to
choico, heavy $G GOuG 85; Sheep, shoep
nnd lambs slow to lower; good to choice
whotbors $3 50a4 0O; Westoru sheen
$3 60a525. v
East Liberty, Cattle sternly; choice
$0 50a6 70; prime $ii 5.'uG 70. Hogs,
prime heavy $7 25a7 35, mediums $lj 05;
heavy Yorkers $6 40a6 45. Sheep steady,
Best wethers $3 60o3 85 culls and coin
mon $1 50'-J 00; choico lambs $5 10a5 30.
LABOR AND INDUSTRY
Skilled labor is in great demand at
Kansas City, Mo.
Metal spinners throughout Connecti
cut are organizing.
Birmingham (Ala.) trades unions will
erect a labor temple.
Standard wages for painters in Eng
land are $0 a week.
Policemen at Omati.i. Neb., have se
cured an eight-hour day.
Commercial telegraphers at Colum
bus, Ohio, have formed a union.
Einbalmcrs and funeral directors at
Chicago have formed a union.
Ironmolders at Beaumont, Texas,
have asked for an increase of 25 cents
a day.
There are about 300,000 members ol
the Miners' Federation of Great Bri
tain. Port Huron (Midi.) Trades and La
bor Assembly will establish a labor
library.
Union paperhangers at Cincinnati
will ask for a 20 per cent, increase in
wages.
An amicable adjustment of the tail
ors' strike at New Haven, Conn., has
been reached.
Of over 800,000 women employed in
the German industries less than 25,000
are organized.
Carpenters and joiners of Brecoui,
England, have received an advance oi
1-20. an hour.
Grocery clerks at Richmond. Va,.
will organize with the intention of de
manding shorter hours.
The Union Labor party of Queens
land, Australia, has elected 24 mem
bers to the Legislature.
Two thousand spinners are on strike
at the textile mills neat Ncwry, Ireland,
for an incrcaie in wucs. -
TIIE RELIGIOUS LIFE
READING FOR THE QUIET HOUR
WHEN THE SOUL INVITES ITSELF.
Poem: "If "Ws Only" One Cannot Con
tliier Ottiers When lie la Not Mastov
nt Hlmafiir II Is Dancitrons to Fl
With AnytHlnE Bo rowrrfnl as Hla.
If wc only, each one. would remember
I'hc lesson of patience and love
Not to judge -just to look on the bright
side.
Lit up by the light from above.
If our own faults we onlv saw plainer
Thun those of our weak fcllow-mcn;
jt we only wount no unto others
As wc would they'd do to us aain;
Tf intn-l1 n( lit, a, .nop .-. . . i 1 , fniiMMl
It we fought down I fie wrong with to
riitht,
If wc helped others on in life's pathway,
Keeping always our Leader in sight.
If we only would strive to be Christ-like-
Do von ask. "What is all of it worth!''
Ah! lite would grow fairer and purer,
And heaven seem nearer to earth.
Cora S. Day
tri''ak. -
Setf-Mastary.
the trouble with this temperance mieo
tinn to day is that wc do nnt make it of
enough importance. Whv, if any one ol
us were getting up nn athletic contest, or
indeed a contest of any kind, how eager
we would he to make all necessary prepar
ations, to "get into training," to leave noth
ing undone that we might be sure of the
winning. And that not because there wis
intrinsic value in the little wreath of oliye
that would fade, or the silver cup that will
tarnish by and bv, but for the glory of tho
achievement. Think how two contestants
waited eagerly for the result of tho race be
tween two yachts a little while ago; how;
everything that could hinder or help was
thought about and even the winds and
waves watched and calculated with mathe
matical precision. We all know how to go
into things like that when it comes to
things of this world. Why is it that in the
race for the incorruptible crown we so of
ten fail, so often nre lax, so often give in
dulgences? Athletes have a trainer, one who drills
them every day, and who decides what ia
best for each to eat and to drink and to do.
He studies his men and notes the effect of
what each does upon his physical system,
and gives his directions sreordinglv.
Christians have a guide, a trainer, the
Spirit. And in the Bible are set down our
rule of living. Such things as we are to
abstain from are there st down, although
they are obviously- what a follower of
Christ, an inheritor of eternity, should let
alone that it scarcely seems necessary.
Drunkenness is one. But who intends to
get drunk! Surely no Christian! Not
oven for once would he set out with that
deliberate intention. Of course he might,
when he felt he was getting on pretty welt
in his practice, easily outstripping tho
other competitors, indulge himself a little,
just once or twice. It can do no harm
to relax a trifle, he thinks, and just enjoy,
for an hour the sensation of the stimulant.
It's forbidden yes. of course but he is so
strong it can do him no harm. And he for
gets that while he is relaxing the other
will be gaining upon him. and that in
yielding tn himself he ia giving up that self
control which only can make him sure of
winning.
One cannot conquer otliers when he in
rot master of himself. Marctw Dods says:
"Kverv man's body is his enemy when, in
stead of being his servant, it becomes his
master," ,
This mastery is shown first, perhaps,
only in aching nerves, which, after you
have let them have their own way with
their desires for that which is not good
for them, will turn upon you and make
you suffer with them. By and bv the re
sult grows greater and shows itself in your
own weak will, which, through giving in to
your desires, becomes unable after a little
to resist, and though it looks an inevitable
ruin, swift, coming in the face, has no pow
er to snv "No." when it is seized bv the
powerful call of self.
There are many so-called temperance
peiinlc who sav that tcmtieranre menns an
ability to drink just a little, without drink
iiur ton much, and always knowing just
when to ston. There are two kinds of dis
eases one that once having had. the dan
ger of infection is destroyed; another that
once having had the dancer of infection is
doubled. Of this latter class is the disease
of sin. Especially is this true of the sin
of intemperance. Once break down the
bars for the entrance of alcohol into the
human system, and ns in the disease of ap
pendicitis, its return is twice as easy,
again and again, until the patient is beyond
all human aid, even from a severe opera
tion. '
If a man has control enough over hia
body to render him able to be temnerate in
what he drinks, he certainly ought to be
able to master himself far enouch to keen
entirely on the safe side and let it alone al
together. We cannot afford to plav with
anything so powerful ns this sin, for. to
nuote once more from Marcus Dods- "He
that treats sin as a weak or pretended an
tagonist will shortly be dragged a mangled
dUffrnce out of the arena."
Therefore, let us keen ever before us the
glory of the incorruntible crown nnd strive
for self-mastery. New York Mail ind Kx
prcss. Oettlng ftld ot Onr Hardens.
("letting rid of our load is getting rid of
our burdensome selves. "Cast thy burden
upon the Lord, and He shall sustain thee."
"God shall never suffer the righteous to be
moved." No wonder the Psalmist prompt
ly responded: "I will trust in Thee." And
why should we not trust Him, seeing He
has promised to take and bear both our
selves and our burdens. He never does
anything by halves, but rather by double
and multiples. It never takes long to cast
anything off from ourselves onto another.
Away with thy burden, this instant! Away
with thy weary, burdened, disheartened,
disconsolate, groaning, sinking self! And
when thy burden and thyself consciously
go over, to (iod be sure to leave both hence
forth with Him. A great strong father ran
e.-vsily and will gladly lift His little child
and nil his bundles. Our Heavenly Fath
er's arm is already lifting us. ltev. E. I,
D. Pepper.
To Glorify Uott.
Many forget that "the chief end of man
is to glorify Hod and enjoy Hiin forever."
That grand end God always had in view,
and Ho never loses sight of it. We Ibse
sight of it often, and ao neither aim to
glorify Him in our bodies nor spirits, and
seek to enjoy everything else more than
(iod. Thus we miss both the noblest em
ployment in the world and the purest anil
fullest happiness of living. There is no last
ing enjoyment without God, in whom we
live, move and have our being." The
nearer we live to Him the more blessed
will be our existence. A loving family are
never happier than with their own parents.
Christian Instructor.
Stormy liays.
Does It rain to-day! Is it dark and
gloomy? That is all right; there must be
some stormy days. To-morrow the cloud
will have a silver lining or disappear entire
ly. Does the sun shine? Knioy the sun
shine. To-morrow may be bright also. Are
you well? Enjoy your health and use it to
the best advantage. Are you ill? Then it
it day in which to be patient and endure
cheerfully. Are you free from trouble?
Then it is a thanksgiving day. Are you
carrying heavy burdens for yourself or oth
ers! Then it is day for the rolling off
your burdens at the foot of the ctoas. .
Louise ftcywood. .
Student "Josh" Carrie Nation.
Mrs. Carrie Nation went to New Ha
ven to have "a heart to heart talk with
tho Yale atudentii," as nho expressed
It. She made her way to the campus,
whr she found a number of young
men. some amoklmt cigarettes. This
wag enough for Canle. and ah pro
ccedod to give the atudouU a acold
lug, Thoy stood It good naturedly for
a whllo, but Anally treated the saloon
smasher toi n rotiu' of "Joshing" col
lt'Ko yulls and thoruHes, aud Mrs. Na
tion via:) f'-.r"id t b 'at a smnowitat
undi.Ait IV. 1 !u.:et.