\IS ¥ juonjical | iij Peru. | tHE selection of Arequipa, I * Peru, and vicinity as a per- I inaneut field of astronomical Q and meteorological venture was the result of an extended investi gation by Professor Solon Irving Bai ley and associates of Harvard Univer sity of nearly the whole west coast of South America.and much of the inter ior of Peru, Chile and Bolivia. Mag nificent heights were plentiful and am ple, but across their glorious views float mists for most of the year. Car.nen Alto, a site two miles east of 'Arequlpa, was selected in IS9O, and approved by the Director, Professor iW. H. Pickering. Arequipa is a city of some 30,000 inhabitants. Hero were [railway,telegraphic and telephonic com munications with the outer world, food and water supply, and immediate tele-1 phonic contact with all the brilliant < heavens from the Equator to the South | Pole. Temporary quarters were util- j THE HIGHEST WEATHER SIGNAL STATION IX THE WOULD. (TUIs station, 011 the summit of El Mistl, i519,200 feet abort* son level—the anemometer being 8 feet higher than the peak. The iron cross shown in the foreground was placed there by Bishop Miguel Gonzalez in 1784.) ized, and the instruments removed from Mount Harvard, anil later placed in the new observatory, which is visi ble for miles. The conquest of El Mistl, the great volcano, was also the remarkable achievement of Professor Bailey. Hundreds had tried to reach the lofty peak. Many of them had died of exhaustion and sickness, many were killed by falling over precipices, and few had ever succeeded in reach ing the top. He persisted, finally con structing a winding path from the base to the top, erecting thereon the highest meteorological observatory in the world, 19,200 feet above the sea. Dur ing this marvelous work the sufferings ',/// • *. „ y, ; * "• CXr.ITSN ALTO, THE SEAT OF THE HAR VARD OBSEEVATOB".'. (In the background ris?s El Miati, on which is located the weather station, nearly 11,- 000 feet above tlia observatory buildings.) from mal de mer of himself, his mules and the work were something fright ful. All the natives tried to dissuade liim from the task, and predicted frightful disasters if he succeeded, a feat which all regarded its impossible. Arequipa is a city of white stone, called sillar, of the appearance of mar ble, contrasting pleasantly with the surrounding green fields. It is a vol canic deposit, found in vast propor tions, soft and readily worked. It is cut with an adze, as if it were ice. Owing to an entire absence of native lumber, sillar forms a cheap substitute. One-story houses are the rule. The iu CURSING Tt\\ .3LOP&S (Headache and nausea attack nuen and animals at a height of 15,838 feet, and until accustomed to tiie atmosphere the rest of the Journey to the extreme altitude of 19,2<)0 feet is attended with mal de mer, dizziness, fainting spells, occasionally delirium, and sometimes hemorrhages from the nose, ears and eyes. It is necessary to stop frequently for a rest, and It was during one of these pauses at an altitude of 18,000 t*?(>t that the photograph reproduced above was made. habitants have a wholesome respect for earthquakes. Ruined walls and debris are eloquent testimonials of the great shake of 1808, The earthquake of that year destroyed all two-story buildings. Mollendo is a railway terminus of r>oo population. It lies above the sea on barren sand and rook. Its sole water supply is 100 miles distant in the ltiver Chile. The water is con veyed to it In pipes along the railway. It is fed by rail and boat. Land in Peru rich enough to produce things is too rich to plant towns upon. The railway from Mollendo to Are quipa paints the entire rise of 8000 feet with numberless curves and loops. For fifteen miles it follows the ocean southeasterly, then runs due east tlu-ougli the fertile valley of Tambo. Thence It mounts the hills to the desert pampa of Islay. Suddenly the mountains begin in earnest, and the train passes around their sides above the steep, nar row valley of the Chile ltiver. Soon the mountainous aspects cease, the river valley sprawls out flat, and Arequlpa bursts into view in the midst of a great arable plain. Orchards and grain fields replace forbidding areas, and the traveler finds himself in the most picturesquely beautiful city and environs in Peru. To the east, a little way, rises with the regularity of a co lossal coal heap El Misti, to a height of 19,200 feet, capped with very nearly perpetual snows, a volcano, quiescent now, but some day to speak and de stroy. Peru is awo -ful country. It has longer and gr< jueducts than any other nation, jit on one knows their builders, >'ulns tell of civili zations thousan ol' years prior to the Noahic flood. It is a country unique because It is a mountain range rising out of the sea to dizzy heights, its western face forming the refuge of a nation. All the world's climates and seasons exist there all the year round, reposing in graduated strata from ocean to lofty peak. The inhabitant has only to step up or down to find the atmospheric conditions that please him. Railroads run everywhere with in reason: the trains, however, are sub ject to frequent delays, caused by wash-outs, from floods, slides and ava lanches. Outside of towns the only vehicles possible are railway trains. The automobile will never be popular in Peru, but the opportunities for the coming flying machine will putin pale the remainder of civilization. The discoveries of Professor Bailey at Carmen Alto are declared by a bulle tin of the Royal Astronomical Society to form the most notable advances of recent years, opening up deep questions in cosmlcal physics. The observatory building, two miles out from Aroqulpa, and 400 feet high er, cover several acres, including cul tivated gardens and lawns. The larg est building Is the dwelling house of the astronomer, his family and assist ants. On its roof is a cluster of meteor ological instruments for measuring at mosphere arid wind currents. Ad joining the dwelling house is the labor atory, or work-rooms, in which are de veloped tbe sidereal plates—the work there Is mainly photometric—the celes tial maps and calculations. The ob servatory itself stands In the rear—the usual slitted. revolving dome, In which is the twenty-four-inch telescope pre sented by Miss €. W. Bruce. Further ulong is the square observatory, con taining the thlrteen-lnch Bache tele scope and the meridian photometer, photographic dark room, tool room, etc. In the roar is the dwelling for as sistants or servants. The entire outfit Is protected on the stream side by a heavy wall, and there are shelters fol* the housing of domestic animals, etc. The grounds are somewhat self-sup porting; otherwise, supplies are of easy access at Arequipa. Automatism, the exact servant of the astronomer, leaves the observer almost a clear Held to in dulge solely In celestial studies. Pho tographs take themselves automatical ly, and weather instruments record the atmosphere and force of the winds. . r..-»nln branches of the work are «. hanoik to; | __ I S. PUVNtfc* 7POP Gvii UHLOtDtD v\^ ( r ia3» ■■ J ~ \ Loaded act of firing. Plohce" PUSHEDIM conPBESJ'KcAtnv \ /// 112 ** 'rlk'ti P°TAT© [ VWY Aia/aumitiom - made comparatively easy, and observ ers need only climb to the stations on the side (10,000 feet) and the top (19.200 feet) of El Mlstl whenever Inclined to bring down the records automatically made there.—Harper's Weekly. A Will on the Sole of • Shoe. "Where there's a wilf there's a way," according to the proverb, though it may not have meant the kind of will shown in the accompanying illustra tion. The picture tells almost the whole stcrf. A fisherman in a New //(LP i/f {fs J&Avt -srv*] \1 IV (j j| | Mjf C asut erf jjdi, I ( |LAi x-rri *2* S&fr* I England town was fatally injured by a rock falling upon him as he was walking at the base of a cliff. When found, he was deud, but clutched in one hand was one of his shoes, upon which he had written: "To whom it may concern: All my estate, including my deposit in the bank, I leave to my grandson, Walter Malilon, providing lie does not marry before the age of twenty-five, but in case of his marriage before that time, the above mentioned to be used for the State for charitable purposes." A Strain ilath For Horse*. A German veterinary surgeon has just brought upon the market an appa ratus for the purpose of enabling a sick STEAM BA.TU IN THE STABLE. horse to take a steam bath. The ap paratus, as illustrated, is made of solid wood, coated with sheet iron; it has a double bottom, Into which the steam Is conveyed by means of a metallic hose. Little iron rollers allow the apparatus to be easily moved to any desired place. Expensive Kiding. The most expensive season tickets in the world, perhaps, are those issued by the Congo Railway Go. The first class single fare for a Journey of about 250 miles Is SIOO. Latterly this com pany has Issued season tickets avail able for the year at the following rates: For four return journeys, $475; for eight return journeys, sot>s; and for twelve return journeys, $855. Na turally the Issue of the tickets Is very limited, so far only four having been delivered, but application for a fifth has been made. They are not printed, but written out on a piece of card board, four inches by six Inches, folded In two; on one side the date and name of holder are inserted and the other is divided 111 squares, where the beginning and end of each journey Is filled In by the station masters at the gOOOQOOOOOOGOOOCOCO OOGOOO g The Pop=Guns of g § Oar Grandfathers. | ooosoooooooooooooscooo 000 "The gun barrel of the popgun we used when I was a boy," said a Jolly old grandfather, "was made from a sec tion of goose quill which we used to cut as long as wo could, and yet have it of pretty nearly uniform diameter from end to end. Then you whittled out a piece of wood, hard wood pre ferred, a plunger togo Into this quill, leaving on one end of this plunger a chunk of the wood from which you whittled it, to serve as a handle and to make the shoulder so that the plunger would go into the quid only Just so far. "The plunger you made long enough togo almost through the quid, but not quite, and it was whittled down small enough togo Into the qnlll free ly, but still not so small that it would wobble around in it. The quill and the plunger constituted the gun, the ammunition was potato. "You took a potato and cut oft a slice across It and then by pressing the larger end of the quill down through that slice you cut out of It a little cylindrical wad of potato, which, as you pressed the quill down, was, of course, pressed up into that end of the quill. Then, with the plunger, you pressed that potato wad along through the quill from that eud to the other, which might be described as the muz zle of the gun. Then you pushed the bigger or butt end of the quill down through the slice of potato again, the quill of course cutting out as it was pressed down through the potato, an other wad of it, as at first. So now there was a potato wad in each end of the quill; the gun was loaded; now to Are It. "You simply put the end of the plunger against the wad in the butt end of the quill ifnd pressed It forward In the quill toward the other." A Baited Gun For Wolrei. As many wild animals prowl at night and remain in their lairs all day, many schemes are devised by the hunter and trapper to slay them or capture them with automatic traps, which have only to be set in their path to tempt them with the bait and take them unawares. Below will be foui'd a new contriv ance for this work, designed especially for the killing of wolves and other large game. As will be seen, the im plement Is a sort of gun, designed to be suspended from the limb of a tree or other convenient support. It has a barrel adapted to carry a cartridge, ; '4 II 1 f.ii, BAIT GUN "SUSPENDED FROM A TREE. the tube proper being inserted in a larger wooden case for weight and pro tection. A breech-block is mounted 011 one side of the barrel, and an opening Is made through the case for the in sertion of a cartridge in its chamber. The firing pin is mounted in the end of the breech-block, and is actuated by a coiled spring. At the muzzle of the gun will be seen a bait fixed 011 a curved hook attached o a sliding rod, the latter connecting with a trip-lever which releases the tiring pin and dis charges tile gun. To put the weapon in operation a cartridge is inserted and the firing pin drawn back, when the gun is suspended from overhead at a height which compels the animal to strain its head upward to reach it, thus bringing Its head in line with the di rection of the bullet. Oliver J. De Itoshey is the inventor. The Snre Winner. For the long race in matrimony yon can bet your money with perfect safety on the little woman who knows all about buckwheat cakes and good soups.—New York Press. There are 4000 Russians in Kansas, a thousand heuds of families who de little beyond raising wheat. They vote in elections as one man and at tend strictly to their own business. In Norway the average length of life is greater than in an.v other couu try on the globe. 'DR. TALMAGES SERMON I. SUNDAY'S DISCOURSE BY THE NOTED j DIVINE. ! g n |,|pcl: The Benefit* of Adversity—We Hunt All Oo Tluough Soiue Kind of a Thrashing PrucsH For Our Own Good —Triumph After Ml»fortune. WASHINGTON, D. C.— From a process familiar to the farmer Dr. Talmage draws 1 lessons of consolation and encouragement i for people in sor. * and adversity. Ahe ! text is Isaiah xxviii, 27, 28: "For the litches are not thrashed with a thrashing I instrument, neither is a cart wheel turned I about upon the cummin, but the titches I are beaten out with a staff and the cum- S min with a rod. Bread corn is bruised be cuune he will not ever be thrashing it." Misfortunes of various kinds come upon various people, and in all times the great need of ninety-nine people out of a nun dred is solace. Look, then, to this neg lected allegory of my text. There are three kinds of seed men tio-ied —fitches, cummin and corn. Of the last we all know. But it may be well to ! state that the fitches and the cummin were I small seeds, like the caraway or the chick- I pea. When these grains or herbs were to | be thrashed they were thrown 011 the , floor, and the workmen would come around with staff or rod or flail and beat them un ! til the seed would be separated, but when i the corn was to be thrashed that was I thrown on the floor, and the men would I fasten horses or oxen to a cart with iron j dented wheels; that cart would be drawn ! around the thrashing floor, and so the j work would be accomplished. Different kinds of thrashing for different products. I"The titches were not thrashed with a | thrashing instrument, neither is a cart wheel turned about upon the cummin, but 1 the fitches are beaten out with a staff and i the cummin with a rod. Bread corn is I bruised because he will not ever be thrash- j j ing it." I The great thought that the text presses ! upon our souls i«s that we all go through | some kind of thrashing process. The fact 1 that you may be devoting your life to hon ! orable and noble purposes will not win you I any escape. Wilberforce, the Christian | emancipator, was in his dav derisively called Doctor Gantwell." Thomas Bab -1 ington Macaulev, the advocate of all that ' was good, long before he became the most I conspicuous historian of his day, was cari- I catured in one of the quarterly reviews as I "Babbletongue Macaulay." Norman Mc j Leod, the great friend of the Scotch poor, ! was industriously maligned in all quarters, i although on the day when he was carried out to his burial a workman stood and looked at the funeral procession and said, "If he had done nothing for anybody more than he has done for ine, ha woula shine as the stars forever and ever." All the small wits of London had their at John Wesley, the father of Methodism. If such men could not escape the malign ing of the world, neither can you expect to get rid of the sharp, keen stroke of the trihulum. All who will live godly in Christ Jesus must suffer persecution. Besides | that, there are the sicknesses and the i bankruptcies and the irritations and the disappointments which are ever putting a cup of aloes to your lips. Those wrinkles on your face are heiroglyphics which, if deciphered, would make out a thrilling story of trouble. The footstep of the rab i bit is seen the next morning on the snow, | find on the white hairs of the aged are the ! footprints showing where swift trouble alighted. | Even amid the joys and hilarities of life | trouble will sometimes break in. As when 1 the people were assembled in the Charles town theatre during the Revolutionary i War, and while they were witnessing a farce and the audience was in great gratu j lation the guns of an advancing army were j heard and the audience broke up wild ' panic and ran for their lives, so oftentimes I while you are seated amid the joys and I festivities of this world vou hear the can- I nonade of some great disaster. All the j fitches and the cummin and the corn must I come down on the thrashing floor and be I pounded. | My subject, in the first place, teaches us 1 thit it is no compliment to us if we es cape great trial. The fitches and the cum min on one thrashing floor might look over to the corn on another thrashing floor and say: "Look at that poor, miserable, bruised corn! We have only been a little pounded, but that has been almost de stroyed." Well, the corn, if it. had lips, would answer and say: "Do you know the reason you have not been as much pounded as I have? It is because vou are not of so much worth as I am. ii you were, you would be as severely run over." Yet there are men who suppose they are the Lord's favorites simply because their bams are full and their bank account is flush and there are no funerals in the house. It may be because they are fitches nnd cummin, while down at the end of the lane the poor widow may be the Lord's corn. You are but little pounded because you are but little worth and she bruised and ground because she is the best part of the harvest. The heft of the thrashing ma chine is according to the value of the grain. If you have not been much thrashed in life, perhaps there is not much to thrash! If you have not been much shaken of trouble, perhaps it is because there is going to be a very small yield. WTien there are plenty of blackberries, the gatherers go out with large baskets, but wh :n the drought has almost consumed the fruit, then a quart measure will do as I well. I It took the venomous snake on Paul's j hand, and the pounding of him with atones j until he was taken up for dead, and the I jamming atrainst him of prison gates, and , the Ephesian vociferation, and the ankles I skinned by the painful stocks, and the j foundering of the Alexandrian corn ship, ; and the beheading stroke of the Roman | sheriff to bring Paul to his proper develop j ment. ! It was not because Robert Moffat and i Lady Rachel Russell and Frederick Ober | lin were worse than other people that they had to suffer. It was because they were ' better, and God wanted to make them j best. By the carelessness of the thrashing you may always conclude the value of the grain. Next, my text teaches us that God pro portions our trials to what we cau bear— the staff for the fitches, the rod for the cummin, the iron wheel for the corn. Sometimes people in great trouble say, "Oh, I can't bear it!" But you did bear it. Ood would not have sent it upon you if He had not known that you could hear it. You trembled and you swooned, but you got through. God will not take from your eyes one tear too many nor from your lungs one sigh too deep nor from your tem ples one throb too sharp. The perplexi ties of your earthly business have not in them one tangle too intricate. You some times feel as if our world were full of bludgeons flying haphazard. Oh, no: they are thrashing instruments that God just suits to your case. There is not a dollar of bad debts on your ledger or a disap pointment about goods that you expected togo up, but that have gone down, or a swindle of your business partner or a trick 011 the part of those who are in the same kind of merchandise that you are, but God inti»ided to overrule for your immortal help. "Oh," you say, "there is no need talking that way to me. I don't like to be cheated and outraged." Neither does the corn like the corn thrasher, but after it has been thrashed and winnowed it has a great deal better opinion of winnowisg mills and corn thrashers. "Well," you say, "if I could choose my troubles, I would bewilling to be troubled." Ah, my brother, then it would not be trouble. You would choose something that would not hurt, and unless it hurt it does not get sanctified. Your trial perhaps may lie childlessness. You are fond of chil dren. You say, "Why does God send children to that other household, where they are unwelcome and are beaten and banged about when I would have taken them 'n the arms of my affection?" You say, "Any other trial but this." Your trial perhaps may be a disfigured counte nance or a face that is easily caricatured, and you say, "I could endure anything if only I was good looking." And your trial jierhaps is a violent temper, and you have to drive it like six unbroken horses arr.id the gunpowder explosions of a great holi day, ana ever and anon it runs away with you. Your trial is the asthma. You say, If it were rheumatism or neuralgia or erysipelas, but it is this asthma, and it is such an exhausting thing to breathe." Your trouble is a husband, sharp, snap py and cross about the house and raising a small riot because a button is off. How could you know the button is off? Your trial is a wife ever in contest with the ser vants, and she is a sloven. Though she was very careful about her appearance in your presence once, now she is careless, because, she says, her fortune is made! Your trial is a hard school lesson you can not learn, and you have bitten your finger nails until they are a sight to behold. They never cry in heaven because they have nothing to cry about. There are no tears of bereavement, for you shall have your friends all round about you. There are no tears of poverty because each one sitd at the King s table and has his own chariot of salvation and free access to the wardrobe where princes get their array. No tears of sickness, for there are no pneumonias in the air and no malarial ex halations from the rolling river of life and no crutch for the lame limb and no splint for the broken arm, but the pulses throb bing with the health of the eternal God in a climate like our June before the blossoms fall or our gorgeous October before the leaves scatter. In tuat laud the souls will talk over the different modes of thrashing. Oh. the story of the staff that struck the fitches and the rod that beat the cummin and the iron wheel that went over the corn! Dan iel will describe the lions and Jonah levia thian and Paul the elmwood whips with which he was scourged, and Kve will tell how aromatic Eden was the day she left it, and John Kogers will tell of the smart of the flame and Elijah of -the fiery team that wheeled him up the skv steeps and Christ of the numbness and the paroxysms and hemorrhages of the awful crucifixion. There they are before the throne of God —on one elevation all those who were struck of the rod. on the highest elevation and amid the highest altitudes of heaven ill thotse who were under the wheel. He will not ever be thrashing it. Is there not enough salve in this text to make a plaster large enough to heal all your wounds? When a child is hurt, the mother is very apt to say to it, "Now. it will soon feel better." And that is what God says when He embosoms all our trou- in the hush of this great promise. "Weeping may endure for a night, but joy eometh in the morning." You may leave your pocket handkerchief sopping wet with tears on your death pillow, but you will go up absolutely sorrowless. T'ney will wear black, you will wear white; cy presses for then, palms for you. You will say: "Is it possible that lam here? Is thw heaven? Am I so pure now 1 will never do anything wrong? Am I so well that I will never be sick again? Are these com panionships so firm that they will never again be broken? Is that Marv? Is that John? Is that my loved one 1 put away into darkness? Can it be that these are the faces of those who lay so wan and emaciated in the back room that awful dying? Oh. how radiant they are. 'Look at them! How radiant they are! Why, how unlike this place is from what I thought when I left the world below. Ministers drew pictures of this land, but how taine compared with the reality! They told me on earth that death was sunset. No, no! It is sunrise! Glorious sunrise! I see the light now purpling the hills, and the clouds flame with the coming day." Then the gates of heaven will be opened, and the entranced soul, with the acutenesf and power of the celestial vision, will look thousands of miles down upon the ban nered procession, a river of shimmering splendor, and will cry out, "Who are they?" And the angel of God. standing close by, will say, "Do you not know who they a.e?" "No," says the entranced soul. "I cannot guess who they are." The angel will say, "I will tell you, then, who they are. These are they who came out of great tribulation, or thrashing, and their robes washed and made white in the blood of the lamb." Would that I could administer some ol these drops of celestial anodyne to these nervous and excited souls. If you would take enough of it.it would cure all your pangs. The thought that you are going to get through with this after awhile, all this sorrow and all this trouble. We shall have a great many grand days in heaven, but I will tell you which will be the grandest day of all the million ages of heaven. You oay, "Are you sure you can tell me?" Yes, I can. tt will be the day we get there. Some say heaven is growing more glorious. I suppose it is, but I do not care much about that. Heaven now is good enough for me. History has no more gratulatory scene than the breaking in of the English army upon Lucknow. India. A few weeks before a massacre had occurred at Cawnpur, and 260 women and children had been putin a room. Then five professional butchers went in and slew them. Then the bodies of the slain were taken out and thrown into a well. As the English army came into Cawnpur they went into the room, and oh, what a horrid scene! Swo.-d strokes on the wall near the floor, showing that the poor thing 3 had crouched when they died, and they saw also that the floor was ankle deep in blood. The soldiers walked on their heels across it. lest their shoes be submerged of the carnage. And on that floor of blood there were flowing locks of hair and fragments of dresses. Out in Lucknow they had heard of the massacre, and tlie women were waiting for the same awful death, waiting amid anguish untold, waiting in pain and starvation, but waiting heroically, when, one day, Have lock and Outram and Norman and Sir David P.iird and Peel, the heroes of the English army—huzza for them!—broke in on that horrid scene, and while yet the guns were sounding, and while cheers were issuing from the starving, dying people on the one side and from the travel worn and powder blackened soldiers on the other, right there, in front of the king's palace, there was such a scene of handshaking and embracing and boisterous joy as would ut terly confound the pen of the poet and tho pencil of the painter. And no wonder, when these emaciated women, who had suffered so heroically for Christ's sake, marched out from their incarceration, one wounded English soldier got up in his fa tigue and wounds and leaned against the wall and threw his cap up and shouted, "Three cheers, my boys, for the brave women!" Yes, that was an exciting scene. But n gladder and more triumphant scene will it be when you come up into heaven from the conflicts and incarceration of this world, streaming with the wounds of bat tle. and wan with hunger, and while the hosts of God are cheering their great lio sanna you will strike hands of congratula tion and eternal deliverance in the presence of the throne. On thai night there will be bonlires on every hill of heaven, and there will be a candle in every window. Ah. no! I forgt t. I forget. They will have no need of the candle or of sun. for the Lord God giveth them light, and they shall reign for ever and ever. Hail. hail, sons and daugh ters of the Lord God Almighty! ISW, L Klopsck.t