[MAP SHOWING WESTWARD MOVEMENT OF THE POPOLMDN'S CENTRE. i I i Jy j£Vv y — AO> V J * rr~»»" , "S—f*"" \-T | - omi o\ - . n i ; „„„ ' ■I /ctABK»OW>C I 'S'OKX O=J WvAf " " , x* '**9* I < o ; °/, .870* «s° _ -sXo,. ° \ i/ - • / -"V' 8 ' 0 * r » P «V7 5- DOOOOOOOOOOGOOOOGOOOOOOOOO 6 g g T&e Hew [Jentre g | of Population in § | the United States § OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOQOOOO© The census bureau has declared Col umbus, Ind., the centre of popula tion of the United States. Columbus is in Bartholomew County, on the east fork of White River, in the finest fanning land in Indiana. The city has BJ3O inhabitants, an in:rease of 130'J since 1800. Since 1800 the centre of popula tion of the United States has shifted a little to the north and a little to the west. It is still in the State of In diana, not far from Columbus, the capital of Bartholomew County, in the southern central part of the State. On the old pivotal point arises a monolith monument erected there May 10, 1891, by the Chicago Herald. On one of the sides of the column Is the follow ing inscription: : CENTRE OF TOrULA- : : TION : : OF THE : : UNITED STATES. : : 85 deg. 32 m. 53 s. W. Long : : 39 deg. 11 m. 56 sec. N. Lat : : ERECTED BY : , : TIIE CHICAGO HERALD. : This monument was dedicated with elaborate ceremonies by the people of Columbus and the contiguous country. Eloquent addresses were delivered by notable Indiana orators and lively in terest wa* felt in the event by the en tire Hoosier State. The centre was then about twenty miles east of Col umbus. It is now about seven miles north of the same city. Ilence it is moving north and west. In time, with the great increase in population which is coming for the j Northwest, it may shift to Chicago. It is by no means impossible that changes in the growth of the population will I bring the centre, even if It is carried j west of the west shore of Lake Michj- j gan, back to Chicago, where it will , remain fixed indefinitely. The centre of population Is the cen tre of gravity of the population of the country,each Individual being assumed to have tho same weight. 'lhe method of determining that centre is as t'ol- Pf® iifii r UNITED STATES * hYWaxv ■ 1890 ' 111 351153"W10N6. ■ 3 on Vegetation. l. Camflle Flammarion, a celebrated French astronomer. Flam marion established, In connection with the Observatory at Juvisy, near Paris, an experiment station in the form of a small garden, as represented in one of the cuts, where he studied the mat ter and conducted his experiments. A report recently published contains some interesting points. Flammarion used the double-sides bell-shades, which were filled with colored solu tions, and at the same time he pro vided beds, covered with colored glass. The best results, however, were at tained In four little hot houses, one of which is covered with ordinary win dow glass, and the other three with blue, green, and red glass. The gln--i used tor these houses was carefully ex amined, and only those pieces taken whose intensity admitted only mon ochromatic light. Heat ana all other conditions are the same in the four houses. The screen-like devioe shown In the other cut represents a number of thermometers made of colored glass while in the extreme right is a radiometer for the observation of the intensity of the light. Flammarion first selected for his first experiments a plant from which, through its pe culiar forms of growth, we can judge, at any time, of its healthy condition. DEMONSTRATING THE INFLUENCE OF LIGHT ON VEGETATION. This was the Mimosa pudica, the well j known sensitive plant whose leaves ! act only upon exterior irritations when I the plant la in a perfectly normal con dltion. Young plants of a triflo over an inch in height were planted on the same day and in the same manner la all of the four houses, and were .-ire fully attended to. After three ir/iiths a notable difference was to b_- seen. Under the blue glass the plants did not die off, but neither did they show any signs of growth. In the white house they were well developed and had grown to an average height of four inches. In the greenhouse the plants were a little etiolated—that is to say, they showed Instead of the normal green color t a yellow-white color, but their development had been magnificent, their height averaging six inches. The greatest development, how ever, had taken place in the red house, where the plants not only showed their usual normal color, but had reached n height of seventeen inches—that is to say, fifteen times the original size, and were blooming splendidly. Flam marion then took two other plants and attained almost ihe same, or, at least, very similar results. Experiments carried on wltli strawberries showed also the same results; under the red light tliey developed marvelously. It will readily be understood that these experiments, especially with regard to valuable, rare plants, are of the high est vulue.—Philadelphia Record. <■(»* by the Can. Gas by the can Is a Parisian novelty, according to Sterling Helllg's letter In the New York Press. These gas fountains—using the word In the French sense—are long, narrow metal boxes, standing upright, of solid construction, to hold compressed Illu minating gas, that by means of rubber tubes are led to incandescent burners by way of movable lamps like those that stand on centre tables iu America. OPENING A CAN OF GAS. The gas boxes, sold to the consumer at $5 each, require only to be taken home and set up on shelves. Three form the regulation "battery" for a moderate-sized house, lighting the three rooms which the French light brilliantly, the dining room, the ante chamber and the kitchen. One of those bldons, or gas boxes, represents a provision of about 1000 caudle hours, which means ten can dles during 100 hours, or twenty can dles during llfty hours, and so on. When the first bidons are empty the company exchanges them for full oues at a dollar apiece. Where to Be Good. It was a Payne avenue car, rather crowded, too, on lnst Sunday night. Iu one corner sat two little urchins, taking up as little room as possible. Indeed, they occupied about us much room as one adult. The boys were evidently of the class which run about the street on weekdays in bare feet. They could not, however, be Included in the "bad boy" class. They were evidently not used to sitting quietly aud orderly, and lidgeted about in re;u distress. Their eyes roamed from the floor to the people, and back to the floor again. Finally one said to the other, in a confiding whisper: "Golly, but ye have to be good In a ear, don't ye?"— Cleveland Plain-Dealer. DB. TALMAGPS SERMON SUNDAY'S DISCOURSE BY THE NOTED DIVINE. £nl>Ject: Lack of Patience—Faith, Hope and Charity llloom in Many Hearts Where the Grace of Patience Is Wanting—Pity Itatlier Than Condemn the Erring. [Copyrtuht Willi. I WASHINGTON, D. C. —This discourse of Dr. Talmage is a full length portrait of a virtue which all admire, and the lessons taught are very helpful; test, Hebrews x, 36, "Ye have need of patience." Yes, we are in awful need of it. Some of us have a little of it, and some of us have none at all. There is less of this grace in the world than of almost . -y other. Faith, hope and charity are all abloom in hundreds of souls where you find one specimen of patience. Paul, the author of the text, on a conspicuous occa sion lost his patience with a coworker, and from the way he urges this virtue upon the Hebrews, upon the Corinthians, upon the Thessalonians, upon the Ro mans, upon the Colossians, upon the young theological student, Timothy, I conclude he was speaking out of his own need of more of this excellence. And I only wonder that Paul had any nerves left. Imprisonment, flagellation, Mediterranean cyclone, arrest for treason and conspir acy, the wear and tear of preaching to angry mobs, those at the door of a thea tre and those on the rocks of Mars hill, left him emaciated and invalid and with a broken voice and sore eyes and nerves a jangle. He gives us i\ snap shot of him self when he describes his appearance and his sermonic delivery by saying, "In bodily presence weak and in speech contempti ble," and refers to his inflamed eyelids when, speaking of the ardent friendship of the Galatians, he says, "If it had been possible, ye would have plucked out your own eyes and have given them to me." We all admire most that which we have {east of. Those of us with unimpressive Visage most admire beauty; those of us with discordant voice most extol musical cadence; those of us with stammering speech most wonder at eloquence; those of us who get provoked at trifles and are naturally irascible appreciate in others the eciuopoise and the calm endurance of pa tience. So Paul, with hands tremulous with the agitations of a lifetime, writes of the "God of patience" and of "ministers of Clod in much patience" and of "patience of hope" and tells them to "follow after patience," and wants them to"run with patience," and speaks of those "strength ened with all might to all patience," and looks us all full in the face as he makes the startling charge, "Ye have need of patience." The recording angel, making a pen out of some plume of a bird of paradise, is not getting ready to write opposite your name anything app'.audatory. All your sublime equilibrium of temperament is the result of worldly success. But suppose things mightily change with you, as they some times do change. You begin togo down hill, and it is amazing how many there arc to help you down when you begin togo in that direction. A great investment fails. The Colorado silver mine ceases to yield. You get land poor; your mills, that yield ed marvels of wealth, are eelipsfd by mills with newly invented machinery; you get under the feet of the bears of Wall street. For the first time in your life you need to borrow money, and no one is will ing to lend. Under the harrowing worri ment you get a distressful feeling at the base of your brain. Insomnia and nervous dyspepsia lay hold of you. Your health goes down with your fortune; your circle of acquaintances narrows, and where once you were oppressed by the fact that you had not time enough to return one-half of t,he social calls made upon you now the card basket in your hallway is empty, and your chief callers are your creditors and the family physician, who comes to learn the effect of the last prescription. Now you understand how people can become pessimistic and cynical and despairful. You have reached that stage yourself. Now you need something that you have not. But 1 know of a re-enforcement that you can have if you will accept it. Yon der comes up the road or the sidewalk a messenger of God. Her attire is unpre tending. She has no wings, for she is not an angel, but there is something in her countenance that implies rescue and deliv erance. She comes up the steps that once were populous with the affluent and into the hallway where the tapestry is pelting faded and frayed, the place now all empty of worldly admirers. I will tell you her name if you would like to know it. Paul baptized her and gave her the right name. She is not brilliant, but strong. There is a deep quiethood in her manner and a firmness in her tread, and in her hand is a scroll revealing her mission. She comes from heaven. She was born in the throne room of the King. This is I'atience. "Ye have need of patience." First, patience with the faults of others. No one keeps the Ten Commandments equally well. One's temperament decides which commandments he shall come near est to keeping. If we break some of the commandments ourselves, why be so hard on those who break others of the ten? If you nnd I run against one verse of the twentieth chapter of Exodus, why should we so severely excoriate those who run against another verse of the same chap ter? Until we are perfect ourselves wc ought to be lenient with our neighbor's imperfections. Yet it is often the case that the man most vulnerable is the most hypercritical. Perhaps he is profane and yet has no tolerance for theft, when pro fanity is worse than theft, for, whde the latter is robbery of a man, the former is robbery of Clod. Perhaps he is given to defamation and detraction and yet feels himself better than some one who is guilty of manslaughter, not realizing that the assassination of character is the worst kind of assassination. The lavcr for wash ing in the ancient tabernacle was at its side burnished like a looking glass, so that thosS that approached that laver might see their need of washing, and if by the gospel looking glass we discovered our own need of moral cleansing we would be more economic of denunciation. The most of those who go wrong are the victims of cur cumstances, and if you and I had been rocked in the same iniquitous cradle, and been all our lives surrounded by the same baleful influences we would probably have done just as badly, perhaps worse. We also have need of patience with slow results of Christian work. We want to see our attempts to do good immediately successful. -The world is improving, but improving at so deliberate a rate; why not more rapidity and momentum? Other wheels turn so swiftly; why not the gos pel chariot take electric speed? I do not know. I only know that it is God's way. We whose cradle and grave are so near to gether have to hurry up, but God. who manages this world and the universe, is from everlasting to everlasting. He takes 500 years to do that which He could do in five minutes. Ilis clock strikes once in a thousand years. While God took only a week to fit up the world for human resi dence, geogolgy reveals that the founda tions of the world were eons in being laid, and God watched the glaciers, and the fire, and the earthquakes, and the volcanoes as through centuries and millenniums they were shaping the world before that last week that put on the arboreseenee. A few days ago my friend was talking with a geologist. As they stood near a pile of rocks my friend said to the scientist, "I suppose these rocks were hundreds of tbQUsa?4* of years in construction?" And the geologist replied, "Yes, and you might say millions of years, for no one know# but the Lord, and He won't tell." If it took so long to make this world at the start, be not surprised if it takes a long while to make it over again now that it has been ruined. The Architect has promised to recon struct it, and the plans arc all made, and at just the right time it will be so com plete that it will be fit for heaven to move in, if, according to the belief of some of my friends, this world is to be made the eternal abode of the righteous. The wall of that temple is going up, and my only anxiety is to have the one brick that I am trying to make for that wall turn out to be the right shape and smooth on all sides, so that the Master Mason will not reject it, or have much work with the trowel to get it into place. I am respon sible for only that one brick, though you may be responsible for a panel of the door or a carved pillar or a glittering dome. So we are God's workmen, and all we have to do is to manage our own hammer or ax or trowel until the night conies in which no man can work, and when the work is all completed we will have a right to say rejoicingly: "Thank God, I was privileged to help in the rearing of that temple! I had a part in the work of the world's redemption." Again, we have need of patience under wrong inflicted, and who escapes it in some form? It comes to all people in pro fessional life in the shape of being misun derstood. Because of this, how many peo ple fly to newspapers for an explanation. You see their card signed by their own name declaring they did not say this or did not do that. They fluster and worry, not realizing that every man comes to be taken for what he is worth, and you can not, by any newsj aper puff, be taken for more than you are north nor by any news paper depreciatia be put down. There is a spirit of fairr ss abroad in the world, and if you are a public man you are classi fied among the friends or foes of society. If you are a friend of society, you will find plenty of adherents, and if vou are the foe of society you cannot escape reprehen sion. Paul, you were right when you said, not more to the Hebrews than to us, "Ye have need of patience." I adopted a rule years ago which has been of great service to me, and it may be of some service to you: Cheerfully consent to be misunder stood. God knows whether we are right or wrong, whether we are trying to serve Him or damage His cause. When you can cheerfully consent to be misunderstood, many of the annoyances and vexations of life will quit your heart, and you will come into calmer seas than yon have ever sailed on. The most misunderstood being that ever trod the earth was the glorious Christ. The world misunderstood Ilis cradle and concluded that one so poorly born could never be of much importance. They charged Him with inebriety and called Him a winebibber. The sanhedrin misun derstood Him, and when it was put to the vote whether He was guilty or not of treason He got but one vote, while all the others voted "Aye, aye." They misun derstood His cross, and concluded that if lie had divine power He would effect His own rescue. They misunderstood His grave, and declared that His body had been stolen by infamous resurrectionists. He so fully consented to be misunder stood that, harried and slapped and sub merged with scorn, He answered not a word. You cannot come up to that, but you can imitate in some small degree the patience of Christ. There are enough present woes in the world without the perpetual commemora tion of nast miseries. If you sing in your home or your church, do not always choose tunes in long meter. Far better to have your patien;e augmented by the considera tion that the misfortunes of this life must soon terminate. This last summer I stood on Sparrow hill, four iniles from Moscow. It was the place where Napoleon stood and looked upon the city which he was about to cap ture. His army had been in long marches and awful fights and fearful exhaustions, and when they came to Sparrow hill the shout went up from tens of thousands of voices, "Moscow, Moscow!" I do not wonder at the transport. A ridge of hills sweeps round the city. A river semicir cles it with brilliance. It is a spectacle that y iu place in your memory as one of three or fo ir most beautiful scenes in all the earth. Napoleon's army marched on it in four divisions, four overwhelming tor rents of valor and pomp, down Sparrow hill and through the beautiful valley and across the bridges and into the palaces, which surrendered without one shot t'f resistance because the avalanche of troops was irresistible. There is the room in which Napoleon slept, and his pillow, which must have been very uneasy, for, oh. how short his stay! Fires kindled in all parts of the city simultaneously drove out that, army into the snowstorms under which Ho.ooo men perished. How soon did triumphal march turn into horrible demo lition! To-day while I speak we come on a high hill, a glorious hill of Christian anticipa tion. These hosts of God have had a long inarch and fearful battles and defeats have again and again mingled with the victor ies, but to-day w: come in sight of the great city, the capital of the universe, the residence of the King and the home of those who are to reign with llim for ever and ever. Look at the towers and hear them ring with eternal jubilee. Look at the house of many mansions, where many of our loved ones arc. Be hold the streets of burnished gold and hear the rumble of the chariots of those who are more than conquerors. So far from being driven back, all the twelve gates are wide open for our entrance. We are marching on and marching on, and our every step brings us nearer to the city. At what h— we shall enter we have no power to foretell, but once enlisted amid ttie blood washed host our entrance is cer tain. It may bo in the bright noonday or the dark midnight. It may be when the air is laden with springtime fragrance or chilled with falling snows. But enter we ist and enter we will through the grace offered us as the chief of sinners. Higher hills than any I have spoken of will guard that city. More radiant waters lhan I saw in *he Russian valley will pour through that great metropolis. No raging confla gration shall drive us forth, for the only fires kindled in that city will be the fires of a splendor that shall ever hoist and never die. Reaching that shining gate, there will be a parting, but no tears at the parting. There will be an eternal farewell, but r.o sadness in the utterance. Then and there we will part with one of the best friends we ever had. No place for her in heaven, for she needs no heaven. While love and joy and other graces enter heaven, she will stay out. Patience, beau tiful Patience, long-suff -ring Patience, will at that gate sav: "Good-bye. I helped you in the battle of life, but now that you have gained the triumph you need me no more. I bound up your wounds, but now they arc all healed. I soothed your bereave ments. tut you pass now into the reun ions of heaven. I can do no more for you, and there is nothing for me to do in a city where there are no burdens to carry. Good-bye. I go back into the wor I from which you came up to resume my tour among the hospitals sud sick rooms and bereft households and almshouses. The cry of the world's sorrow reaches my cars, and I must descend. Up and down that poor suffering world I will goto assuage and comfort and sustain until the world itself expires and on all its fountains and in all its valleys and on all its plains there is not one soul left that has need of pa- —— - - THE GREAT DESTROYEI SOME STARTLING FACTS ABOUT THE VICE OF INTEMPERANCE. Wlio Will Volunteer?—A Collection of Tragedies, Showing What nn Awful Account the Rum Heller Will Have to Give at the Bar of God. Who is ready, who is willing? Who will volunteer? Who will join the gath'ring army? Who the call will hear? Right and truth against the evil must pre vail; If we trust our mighty leader, we shall never fail. Faithful soldiers now are needed on the temperance field Who ara always firm and dauntless, who will never yield, « Who are never faint and fearful when the foe is near; Such are needed in our army, who will volunteer? —Temperance Banne" The Rum Demon at Work. A young man who is now serving a term in State prison for homicide told me again and again, with tears in his eyes*, how he committed a crime while in a condition of insensible inebriety that forever brands h'.m as a murderer, writes the Rev. Josiah Monroe, in the New York Witness. All he can say now is that when the deed was done he was insanely drunk, and did not know what he was doing. But the law takes no such excuse and holds him responsible for the crime, whether he was aware of it or not. Oh. this cursed rum that makes so many maniacs and idiots, that sends men to the gallows and fills the death chamber. That robs children of their parents and wives of their husbands. That takes the bread out of the mouths of helpless infancy, and steals the clothes off the backs of the in firm and decrepit. The sacreligious de spoiler of the dead; the desolator of the home. The ruin of tens of thousands of all classes, rich and poor high and low. Recently I met the father of this young man of whom I sreak. Pie looked patri archal. His son's disgrace added ten yearn at least to his life. He was downcast, grieved, mortified, and had been praying for death to come to his rescue, but it did not come. With the Psalmist he had cried many a time. "Would God I had died for thee, my son!" But it was too late. But what about her who was his best and earliest friend —his mother! She took to her bed at the beginning of the trou ble. and became a poor, nervous, chronio invalid. Oh, what misery, wretchedness and disgrace rum brouaht upon several families, all related to this young man! How it blasts, blights and eternally ruins the most promising life! Last December an intelligent man. about forty years of age, was discharged from Danncmora Prison, but the great ifcm gate was hardly closed upon him before he was arrested again for a crime commit ted several years ago, and, strange to say, one which he had already forgotten. The man had come from a respectable family in New York City, but on account of his long criminal career they disowned him. He felt greatly mortified over this arrest, when he thought he was a free man. After coming to the city he wrote a very pathetic letter to one of the judges in General Session, saying, among other things, that he had not sen a free Christ mas in nineteen years, and begging clem ency that he might have one more chance. He has spent several terms in prison the past nineteen years —only remaining out a few months before he was back again. So that during nil these years he had not .~ Cui'i«tma3. The judge tflok pity on him and gave him a suspended sentence, which was the same as another clmnce to show himself a man. What a splendid opportunity was placed before him! He started in again to show what lie could do. Many people encour aged him. For a season his pathway was full of sunshine and hope. But the evil day came. He lost his position because of his lack of foresight. A friend met him on the street and asked him to drink. I call him an enemy. Under the influence of strong drink criminal tendencies were generated in his heart. With the mad ness of a lunatic he risked his liberty for a mess of pottage. He sold himself to the devil. Tn an hour he fell under the influence of strong drink. He was caught red-handed. The die was cast.. He was arrested, indicted and sent back to Clinton Prison again for five years. This man told me with tears in his eyes that it was his own fault and he deserved all he got for his foolishness. Five years for one drink of whisky which for the time made him a fool! Tt" there were no wide open saloons in this town this man would still be enjoying his free dom. When a poor drunkard comes be fore a magistrate in this city, he usually says to him: "John, I will lock you tip for your drunkenness." Why don't they lock up the saloons and the poor drunk ard would attend to his business. Then he would tie able to feed and clothe his family. \\ hat an awful account the rum sellftr will have to give at the bar of God! A Request From "Little Hobs." Lord Roberts has found time amid h'.s multiplied labors and excitements to send from South Africa to London a tele gram rebuking his home-staying fellow countrymen for the form of welcome with which they have received his discharged soldiers. Lord Roberts is a temperance man of pronounced views, believing as lit tle in alcohol as an ingredient of patriotism as of courage, and it is no wonder that lie has been disgusted by the accounts he has received of the orgies which disgraced the London streets on the arrival of the re turning troops. "I beg earnestly," his message runs, "that the public will re frain from tempting my gallant comrades, hut wili rai.ier aid them to uphold the splendid reputation they have won for the imperial army." The heroic "Bobs" is a fighter of such approved ability and deter mination that he can well afford to do a little preaching on occasion. His sermons are always treated with respect, even if they are not always heeded—and it's more the pity that they are not always heeded, —New York Times. Does Not Give Force. Professor Bunge says: "Alcohol docs not give force; it is not foree-produeing. The seeming exciting impulse which it produces is but a fleeting exaltation of the organism, after which comes the period of fatigue, weakness and paralysis. The consumption of alcohol neither augments the physical energy nor the muscular work. Alcohol does not warm the organ ism. u'oho) does not favor digestion." Tlio Crusade in Ilrlef. The footsteps of every prosperous ni/in ore far and away from the saloon. If you drink beer, rum and whisky, you are certain to sutler from bitters. A little in one's own pocket, and less in the saloon's, is a savings bank notion. Drunkenness has become disreputable or it is pitied as the manifestation of a de plorable disease. Canada consumes just two-thirds of a gallon of spirits per head of population per annum; the United States consumes one gallon of spirit* per head ~popula tion per annum.