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|| Aerial Navigation a Pact-- |
| Von Zeppelin's Ship Flies. |
tJVi.vv.\T.u.\A.UiU.w.vv.u.u.u.n.«.n^\.u.viitt.u.rtrkx.wrvi.urvi^x.\\iwi
The second trial of Count Zeppe
lin's colossal airship is described in
press reports from Friedrielisliafen as
being a notable success. After rising
to a height of about two thousand feet,
the vessel remained poised at that
level for three-quarters of an hour. It
then made a series of tacks, and went
through certain turning maneuvers,
afterward traveling with the wind in
what is described as "a generally cir
cular direction" for about six miles,
the velocity of the wind at this time
being about eight miles an hour. It Is
said that later, in a freshening breeze,
the air ship turned and "made liend
way" against the wind. Eventually
the vessel descended with "great ease
and steadiness to the lake," and was
towed to its shelter. The stability and
steering powers of the airship are de
scribed as being excellent.
If the above reports are correct, we
Still know as little about the actual
practical value of Count Zeppelin's
machines as we did before. It lias
been proved merely that an airship
of this kind can ascend, maintain Its
equilibrium, and be navigated in any
desired direction, provided the wind
does not much exceed the -trength of
a gentle breeze. It has yet to be
shown that in stronger winds, say
from twenty to fifty miles an hour,
this airship can perform the same evo
lutions. If it should show that it is
-y
\
COFNT VON ZEPPELIN.
aide to maintain a speed of, say, only
twenty miles an hour against a strong
wind, aerial navigation by the balloon
typo of airship will have an enormous
stride in these closing days of the cen
tury. Enough has been accomplished
to render the further trials of Count
Zeppelin's costly and larefully thought
out design a matter of world-wiie in
terest.
The idea upon which Count Von Zep- j
pelin's success, so far attained, ap
pears to be based, is that tlie envelope
or outer portion of the balloon should
be of such material as to hold the con
tained gas for as long a period as pos
sible. The tiitticulty has not been the
making of gas in great quantities nor
the buoyant power of large volumes
suitably contained, but its retention in
the envelope or receiver. Acting upon
this idea, the Count lias produced a
material which would hold the hydro
gen, the buoyant element being the
lightest substr.nce known, for live
weeks without appreciab'e loss.
The cigar-shaped envelope has a ca
pacity of 11,000 cubic metres of this
gas (one metre equal to 0'.).."t7 inchest.
The exterior of the balloon is covered
with a protective surface of pegamoid
and sill:. The total weight of the ship
and crew is estimated not to exceed
•JO,OOO pounds. The ship when com
pleted resembles a huge cigar, made
chiefly of aluminium. It is 415 feet
long, and the cylinder proper is forty
feet in diameter. The total depth,
including the gondolas in which the
passengers sit, is about eighty feet.
The framework of this huge cylin
der consists of aluminium bands,
twenty-four in number. The Interior
of tite cigar is divided by sixteen ver
ileal ribs into seventeen compart
incuts, each of which contains an In
dependent balloon, made of a material
which the manufacturer calls "ballon
in." The tn>t ascent was to have
v • • W ' ' '
TIIK Aliisillf AT fHI'KEU.
lUU>*n iiiitri' iii <i i" 1 r. IVHI, i,iit TIN-' N'ctii BAIHW ml curlier ilutn lit- Intend
ll* I <1 1 li t nil (lie If | I'd.
i* ir.i irj. »kI ill i'l»i n*< >ui iliil •My aim," tic Mid, "WM in r«-» urn
iiui tiilii' jiliiiv until . ulj m, I'J HI, wlo'u ilo ilw limiting IKIUIUWU wficuiv wo
it was seen that it was more than like
ly to be a success.
The motive power of the big airship
is furnished by four screws or pro
pellers attached to the sides of the
cigar, actuated by two Daimler mo
tors of fifteen horse-power each, and
capable of turning at the rate of 1200
revolutions per minute. Tl_?se pro
pellers are made with blades of alum
inium. The action of such propellers
on air not being sufficiently well
known to the inventor and his friends,
various experiments had to be carried
out with them. One of these was to
attach them to a boat resting on the
water of Lake Constance and set them
A A Aluminium points; length, from A I
to A, 415 f««t.
UJS A ring with spokos 9lmilar to those I
of a hlcyL-le wheel.
C C Compartments or balloons.
D1) Tortious of the outer covering. I
in motion against the air in order to
see whether they would drive the boat
forwards and backwards in spite of
the extra resistance of the water. This
experiment was eminently successful,
the boat being driven in either direc
tion at the rate of nearly ten miles an
hour.
The cost of tlie device to Count Zep
pelin before the first flight was some
thing like SIOO,OOO. Even one charge
of hydrogen gas for the balloon costs
in the neighborhood of $2500. The
Count is now a man of seventy, and
lives at the castle of Ebersberg, near,
Constance, on the German side.
lie served in the German army dur
ing the French war and it is said that
no small part of his inspiration in bal
looning was derived from his experi
ence as a scout on a dangerous trip
during that war. and by the desire to
see better methpds of obtaining infor
mation. It is believed that a balloon
which can be directed at will—can
maintain its equilibrium and descent
together without danger to the life of
occupants or to the structure—has
been last attained.
Count von Zeppelin is satisfied with
the performance of his airship.
In a conversation with a New York
Herald corespondent he said it had
been proved that it was absolutely
under the control of the steering ap
paratus.
This apparatus, by the way, was not
1
THE AUtSUir BEGINNING ITS FLIGHT.
in most perfect order on the first as
cent.
One of the two rudders below the
machine, at the stern, would not work
freely. Thus, Instead of moving par
| allel with each other, the rudders fre
i qucntly formed an angle.
! This defect hampered Count von
' Zeppelin very much indeed.
It is to this fault that he attributes
the general movement noticed in the
trial toward the left, for at no time
did the machine make a decided flight
j u> the right.
; The Count nisi: remarked that his de-
started. I had steered the airship
around and was heading directly for
tiiis pontoon, when, in coming down
somewhat from the elevation we had
been floating at, the gas began to es
cape from oho of the balloons.
"This threw the point of the airship
much lower than I was prepared for,
and our descent became too rapid.
"I threw out some ballast and
worked the rudder that changes the
air ship's plane and direction, but It
was of no use. The machine had too
great an Impetus, and the descent was
unavoidable."
Opinion In general is somewhat un
settled.
Of course, the decisive trial has not
yet been made, for the machine is still
in the experimental stage, though an
undoubted step toward the achieve
ment of aerial flight has been made.
llow characteristic of this fighting
age it is that tlie moment It seems
likely that the upper air has been
made accessible to mankind the first
questions asked are: How can we get
E E Propnllers.
F P Foremost rudders, turning on axle
G G.
11 Gondolas of alumiolum plates, rig
idly attached to tbe cigar.
J J Motors.
up there nnd fight? Shall we lie able to
drop dynamite and lyddite from the
skies upon the ships and cities of our
enemies?
Zeppelin has without doubt filled
France with new hopes and England
with new fears. An invasion of Britain
by airships appears as a distinct pos
sibility. The battle of Dorking may bo
fought in '.he clouds, and "perfidious
Albion" may cease to "rule the waves'*
by reason of her failure to rule the
atmosphere. On the other hand, a sec
ond successful siege of Paris may be
made Impossible by the airship's aid
In bringing new supplies of food to
its defenders.
The Modern Sciential:.
In the olden times, said Trofessor
Rhys in a recent address before the
British Association, a scientist, after
once printing his views on a given
subject, stuck to them through thick
and thin, or, at most, limited himself
to changing the place of a comma or
replacing an occasional and by a but.
"In this way not a few great questions
affecting no inconsiderable portions of
the universe had been forever set at
rest," and a large portion of the ve
nialnder of the scientist's life was fre
quently devoted to defending his theo
ries. "All that has been changed and
what now happens is somewhat as fol
lows: A B makes an experiment or
propounds what he calls a working
hypothesis; but no sooner has A B
done so that C L>, who is engaged in
the same sort of research, proceeds to
Improve on A B. This, instead of im
pelling A B to rush after C 1» with all
kinds of epithets and Insinuations that
his character is deficient in all the
ordinary virtues of man, only makes
him goto work again and see whether
lie cannot Improve on O L>'s results,
and most likely he succeeds, for one
discovery leads to another. It is a
severe discipline, in which all display
of feeling is considered bad form. Of
course every now and then a spirit of
the ruder kind discards the rules of
the game and attracts attention by
having tils of bad temper. But gen
erally speaking, the rivalry goes on
quietly enough to the verge of mon
otony, with the net i\ ..tilt that the
stock of knowledge is increased."
Kitemxl Hhlloou.
A feature of the recent German man
euvers was the use of the signal bal
loon for the transmission of orders.
A, Ft ac, Of.
/v\th £ •
1.1 \\ sicnaC
OAILOON V
m
HALT
QjTP&TREA.r
SUINAL BALLOON t'SF.O AT THE RECENT
OEHMAN MANKL'VKHH.
The device Is shown herewith. It has
the feature of the balloon and the kite,
and.it Is said, can lie seut up or
brought in for the changiug of the
slgual* In quick order.
Mini lilt**rM|»l»«r*.
She "Tell yon Ihe truth, Alfred. 1
d<> liol believe 111 heroes."
lie "That'll funny. If you had an hi
yot» didn't believe thu people who write
their biographies, 1 should have
thought nothing of it." Host on Tran
script.
Trylii* lu Kuul ilih ll»rli»l«ra.
When there is a party all of tin*
married men net together no they can
tool the old bachelors and preteud l»oW
Jolly they are. .New York I'res*.
i Tin* viiuu.' woman who propose*
marriage Is only trying lo make a
| uaute (or herself.
j
Monstrosities In Litinpi.
All sorts of monstrosities are to be ,
found in lamps. There are all kinds :
of stranre designs to put Into them, I
more, perhaps, than Into any one other ,
irtlcle made for real use. _ 1 |
Pale Green Knamel.
Time was when white enamel, oi !
rose enamel, or pale blue, was desired ,
in bedroom sets. The green wicker I
chairs and lounges and green enamel i
bedroom sets are now in request. II j
is a pale willow green, cool looking j
and very pretty. It is easier to keep i
such furniture in order than when it
is pure white. It Is not desirable tc
have any touch of gilding added. The •
green chiffonier is a pretty piece ol
furniture.
Care of Linens.
Linens that have been stained by
tea or coffee may be cleansed by mols
telling the spots with water and hold
ing them over the fumes of a small
piece of burning sulphur, or a few
sulphur matches. Wash immediately
with water in which a little ammonia
or soda has been dissolved. Stains
that nothing else will remove are often
taken out by the vapor arising from
burning sulphur, but the material
must be washed thoroughly at once.
Using tlie Odds and Knds.
"Never waste anything" is the ad
vice that greets the housekeeper on
all sides. Suet and drippings have
their use. Hits of meats and odds and
ends of vegetables are over-flowing
with edible possibilities, and even
stale cake may be made Into some
thing more appetizing than cabinet
pudding, although cabinet pudding ie
wonderfully good when proper care and
expense are bestowed in the making
The truth is that good cookery can
never be extremely plain and inexpen
sive. The woman who wonders why
some one else's hashes and stews and
made-overs are delicious, while hers
are not, will generally find that she
needs to cultivate a more lavish hand
when it comes to butter or milk oi
something in the seasoning line. Tc
make a very good pudding from stale
pieces of cake, begin by well butter
ing a mould that will contain 0110
quart. Add a few raisins and cur
rants and nut meats. Now put In the
small pieces of cake with some more
raisins and currants until the mould
is nearly full. Heat two eggs until
quite light, then add to them two cup
fills of milk, a heaping tablespoonfu)
of sugar and a pinch of salt and po
jver the cake. Cover the mould and
put it In boiling water to cook, being
careful that the water does not ic-aeSi
I to tlie top of the mould and so get in*
1 side to the pudding, ltoil for one hour,
; When served hot with a fruit sauce.
I tiiis makes a really good desert, in
fact stale cake has many dishes in
vented for the sole purpose of taking
care of it that far surpass first-hand
dishes of less richness.
Oak Hill Potatoes—Cr.t four cold
i boiled potatoes and five hard boiled
i eggs in one-fourth-liich slices. Put
layer of potatoes in buttered biiklug
dish, sprinkle with salt and pepper,
•over with layer of eggs. Hepent, and
pour over two cups thin white sauce.
■ Cover with buttered cracker crumbs
und bake until crumbs are brown.
Mayonnaise Eggs—Boll five or six
eggs half an hour, cut In halves length
wise, put whites aside in pairs. Hub
; yolks through a colander and work to
a smooth paste with mayonnaise dress
ing. Fill the whites and press the
halves together. Fill the center of a
plate with cress, stand the eggs upon
1 It, surround with overlapping slices
of the meat, and garnish with cress.
Brown Bread Scald one quart of
milk and pour it over a mixture of
one and one-half pints corn meal and
one pint of rye meal (tint fioiir): add
one cupful molasses, one tablespoon
fill melted butter, one teaspoonful salt
and the same of soda, with one egg;
turn Into a buttered tin and steam
four hours. A person once eating this
brown bread will never wish for any
other kintl.
I Hitch Peach Cake Sift together two
cups Hour, half a teaspoonful of salt
and two teaspoon fills of baking pow
drr. Work In lightly one-fourth cup
of butter; stir In one cup milk which
has had one beaten egg added to it;
turn Into a buttered pie tin and press
Into the top of the dough four peeled,
stoned and quartered peael" ■«. Sift
three tablespoonfuls of suga one
i of cinnamon, tulxed, over tin* top.
' Bake and serve with butter.
Peach I'le I.lne a plate with plain
paste with a imotry Jagger cut several
half Inch -wide strips of puff paste; put
three of tliciu aero** the pie ami then
three more at right angles with these
and a strip around tin* edge. Pet hnlf
a |h sell 111 each of these squares, hol
low side up. Ml* one teiisi»ooiiful of
, cornstarch with half n cup of sugar
j and one cup of cream. Pour this care
fully Into Ihe spaces bi-twsta the
■ fruit. Bake until tint pu»u> la u dell-
I cut" brown
A POWERFUL ICE BREAKER. I
A Jfe*r Nose Hal Been Put on the Unique
Kusilaii Onft.
The Ice-breaker Ermack, which was
built last year by Messrs. Armstrong,
Wliitwortli & Co.. from the designs of
Admiral Makaroff, for the Itussiau
navy, was recently returned to New
castle, in order that the hull might
be lengthened, and tlie form of her
• ' L j - *• *
THE BO WLESB ICE BREAKER.
bow aiTered. The vessel lias, therefore,
been cut in two, as much of the bow
being removed as possible without
placing the boat in dry dock. Tlie sec
ond stage in the operations lias just
been reached, and tlie launching of tlie
new bow successfully carried out. The
new bow is of such a shape that, un
1^
:I1
LAUNCHING THE NEW BOW FOR THE
ERMACK.
aided, tlie structure would have been
unable to maintain an upright posi
tion, and therefore a large steel pon
toon was built, and securely riveted to
the sides of the bow. Ballast was
carefully placed, to prevent any ten
dency of tlie bow to tip during the
v ft «
THE NEW DOW OF THE ERMACK IN TUB
WATER.
launching, and special precautions in
the way of shoring and timbering
were carried out. Tli- curious-looking
structure went into the water without
the slightest difficulty, and floated
within an inch of the calculated
draught. The length of the new bow
is seventy-five feet, .mil the launching
weight was nearly SOD tons.
AN HONORED SCOTSMAN.
f)onHl<t Gordon, the Queen's Jiew lllgli»
land Attendant.
The London Graphic says: Consta
ble Donald Gordon, of Motherwell, has
just been appointed to the post of
Highland Attendant to the Queen.
Gordon was summoned before Her
Majesty, at Balmoral, on Thursday
last, and receiving the appointment left
Motherwell to take lip his duties. He is
twenty-eight years of age. aml lias Iteen
connected with the Lanarkshire Con
stabulary in Motherwell for the p;ist
four years. It may be mentioned that
i>o.\ Ai.n aoipox.
Gordon has previously been in the
service of the Queen, having been for
a considerable time mounted iiichm'll
ger toller Majesty. Ills father ha>
also been for a long period lit th
n's private service. Gordon's fc!
low constables presented him l«s f ul
leu vim; with a dressing case and ier
articles as a lokeu of their esteem.
New I iii|>U ox-iil fill' «olillrrs.
An Ittipleutcut to be added to the
sohliei's kit, which can be used as a
spade, pick use or saw and also as a
shield for protection from bullets, lias
been Invented by ihe Karl of Weuiyss.
|l Is said Ihal Ihe coutrhauce Is to
l»c adopted by the British arlui.
THE GREAT DESTROYER
OME STARTLINC FACTS ABOUT
THE VICE OF INTEMPERANCE.
UT Temperance Army Many Te»»e!(
Are Loot at Sea Through CarelestmeM
Due to Intoxication Wreck of »
United States Corvette Due to I>rlnk
We're soldiers of an army,
A noble temperance band;
And in its cause united
We labor heart and hand.
Though young, we know the Saviour
Ts ever near at hand.
To cheer us in our labor
And bless our growing band.
W"'re soldiers of an army;
For volunteers we call,
To tight as valiant heroes
Against King- Alcohol.
And still there's room foi ■" tilers;»
We gladly welcome all
Who come to join the battle
Against King Alcohol.
And if we ask, believing,
He'll give us each and all
The strength we need for battle
Against King Alcohol.
Ships Lost by Drink.
One of the best marine underwriters <v,
this country, in discussing the questior
of how many vessels are lost annually
through carelessness that is due to in
toxication, said tor. Mail and Express re
porter recently:
"It is impossible to say how many ships
are lost because of drunken officers. If we
could but know it would bo to learn that
hundreds of the fine vessels that have
been posted as missing in the last ten
years turned into Davy Jones's harbor a 4
a result of drink. In commercial life there
has been for years a tendency to encour
age temperance by doing away with om
ployes who are given to splicing the main
brace. Hut there has been no such dis
position among those controlling vessel
property. Looking through a glass othet
than a telescope is now more common on
foreign ships than a half century ago. 1
do not think that a sea song ha.s been
written within the last decade without
the word 'grog' in it. Within my recollec
tion as an underwriter and during the
time I spent at sea as master mariner and
mate, I saw many instances of befuddled
brains being responsible for the loss of
well found craft. It's all right enough tc
deal with a certificate when carelessness in
stranding or some other marine disastei
is shown, but it seems to me that greater
attention should be paid to the drinking
capacity of the applicant for a license.
"One of the greatest wrecks in the his
tory of the English Navy was indirectly
due to drink. Cowper has sung of the
capsizing of the 'Royal George." but his
account of the sad affair is not exactly ac
curate. In all about 1000 persons, women,
as well as officers and sailors, went down
with the craft. She was a battleship, oi
100 guns, and during the sunimel of ITS'i
had just returned from a cruise and was
Waking. The majority of her crew were
impressed men, and, fearing that they
might run away if the vessel was docked
at Portsmouth, it was decided to careen
her in the roadstead. The craft was the
tallest in the service and, in addition, she
had the squarest yards of anything then
afloat.
"At best, the task of heeling a boat to
get at a leak is a most difficult one. It
has been shown that the officers and men
had been on a great spree the night be
fore the craft toppled over. Many of them
were still under the influence of spirits
when the disaster took place. This may
explain in a way the awful mistake ot
leaving the lowed deck ports open, and
when the boat was heeled a sudden squall
coming up threw her wholly on her side,
the cannon rolling over to the depressed
side. The sea water rushed into the open
ports, and that ended the 'Royal George.'
The guard and about seventy others were
saved.
"The loss of the United States corvette
Kearsage, on Ronc-ador reef, always has
been attributed to drink, not on the part
of her commander, Oscar F. lloyennan.
but on the part cf one of his line officer*
whom |ie trusted too well. A great many
of the particulars that preceded 'he
stranding of this historic ship were not
brought out during the court of inquiry
or even the court-martial that followed. It
is known in the navy, however, that a
certain officer, on whom devolved a por
tion of the navigation, bent his elbow
quite a little for some days before the
stranding, but 1 do not think that the
matter was brought to the attention of
Commander Heyerman until it was too
laie.
"The loss of the Atlantic was another
instance where it has been charged that
linuor played a part. She struck near
Meagher Island. Nova Scotia, April 1,
IS7O, and of the !».i7 persons on hoard a
tolal of 53.) were drowned. Not a woman
was saved, and all but one of the children
were included in the lost. Capt. .lames A.
Williams, who commanded the ship,
had his certificate as extra master and
master taken away for two years, and the
certificate of the fourth officer was sus
pended for four months.
"There are many here as well as ibroad
wlu believe, as u result of private informa
tion. that the loss of the battleship 'Vic
toria.' in the Mediterranean, was due tc
'grog.' It has been shown that there waf
something mentally wrong with Admiral
Tyron the dav of the disaster, and ii w.i -
reported at the time thai he had suffered
from an attack of sunstroke while "ii
shore -i Rev rout two days before the dis
aster."
Alcohol atil Insanity
TM Governor of Lower Austria. Conn."
Si x itiMirui'teil the police ai:
tltoriii«'> to assist tlit Working Men »
fiety hi the distribution of a million
pamphlet* entitled ""Away with Alcohol."
liven po'iceman wi'l personally siipervi
tin- >1 -iribntion of the booklet on hi* bea
It trie- io prow tint ever> sixteenth
man that dies in Vu-tria the- from what
i* popularly known in the hospital* as
''beer hear*" vi/.. tatty degeneration «>t
the heart, ami points out that, according
to othrift] statistics ninety-two |>er cent, ot
the inhabitants «u t!i>• Austrian insane
Hivliitn* recruit themselves from drinking
I'.eonle.
\\ e < onnieml this action of an \nstrian
Uovcrnor t our American President
I 11 rI II ilk Trimming*. '
V,enening that lujitor was being supplied
to lad"** by a Hrnt of dressmakers in OuK
Ii II and chare din the bill as "trimmings."
tin- I Van of the < liapel Roval paid •• visit
of in«pet'tion and remonstrated with tin
i (fenders. If th«\ must «all the drink
tr n«m nqfs, he added lei them be hon**»t
ah nit ii and ' .ill it *'dehriuin trimming*'
Tlie ( ni»u«lf In llrlef.
Tii.* Finnish Turva Temperance S*Kiety
*t \sii. ibula. Ohio is sbout to erect •
ftIU.COU temple HI which to holds its uiee
iiiir» and entertainment*
Tile tnetnU in \l nmissippl satisfied with
the l»U**<«*d result* that come t<• every
e .miii. nilv where the ral'Mii is prohibited
Hi'* n iv a»«iduoitsU reeking to bsuish tit
saloon front the entire Mst*
It i> a svniptoui of g i »d moral health
that the direetors of the Shenandoah
(lowal Fair \s»oet*ti »n fell ''ailed upon
I'Miitieiv to disavow respoiudiiliiy 'or hat to l
sdvsrtuemrnu appearing iu the premium
lists