Why So Many British Officers Get Killed in War. The extraordinary fatality among the leaders of the British soldiers in notions at Smith Hill, Elandslaagte and Belmont is clearly explained in this j>icture. While the men in the rushes up the Kopjes took advautage of every cover, the officers esteemed it their duty to staud erect. In this posi tion they became conspicuous quarry for the Boer marksmen. ooooooooooooooooooooooocoo § The flans for the | I fwelfth Qensus. 1 Booooooooooocooooooooooooo All through the past six months preparations have been going busily on in Washington for a great publish ing enterprise, which will be launched promptly on the first day of the com ing June. The results of the under taking will begin to appear in finished form two years from that date, and will continue to be brought out at in tervals for three or four years there after. The publisher is the govern ment; the publication will be desig nated as the Twelfth Census of the United States. The twelfth census will differ in sev eral particulars from any of the pre ceding ones. It will be conducted on WILLIAM R. MEBBIAM. (Director of the Twelfth Census.) a larger scale, as there are of course more people to be enumerated. It will embrace a greater area; for the first time the inhabitants of Alaska, Hawaii, and Porto Rico are to be in cluded in the count. Moreover, the coming census will be the first in which all the work of recording and computing statistics is to be done by mechanical means. Electric tabulat ing machines were introduced for this purpose toward the close of the elev enth census, but in the coming enum eration they will bo relied upon en tirely. The thorough organization neces sary in order successfully to carry through such au undertaking as this may be appreciated when one reflects upon the labor involved in counting seventy-five millions of anything—a task that would require one man's un divided energies for twelve hours a day during more than a year and a half. In the caso of the census the labor is multiplied by the considera tion that the seventy-five million units are human beings, concerning each of whom a dozen facts must be recorded, and that they are scattered over some four million square miles of the earth's surface. The task of taking the census will require altogether the services of more than forty thousand persons. They will be separated into two inaiu di visions—the field forces, and the head quarters staff in Washington. The former will include by far the greater number—nearly forty thou sand, all told. Those will be the enu merators, who will gather the re quired information from all parts of the country, and the superintendents in charge of this branch of the work. The data thus collected will be com piled and prepared for publication by V, —. ''jajfetf'" jrjL a a w a lEpsiß iRf FRONT VIEW OF NEW CENSUS BUILDING. a staff of three thousand clerks in the central office. Roughly speaking, there will bo one enumerator for each township through out the country, or, in the cities, ono for each ward. The enuinerarators will be local residents appointed by the Director of the Census, on the recommendation of some influential pernon, usually tbe Congressman from the district. The suDerinteudente will have charge of divisions generally the same in limits as the Congres sional districts. In the case of the larger cities, however, there will be but one superintendent to each city, although his territory may include sev eral Congressional districts. In Mas sachusetts, whore an efficient census bureau exists under the direction of the State authorities, there will be a iingle superintendent. The enumerators are expected to start on their rounds on June 1, 1900. They will be supplied beforehand with portfolios containing blank schedules The punched record cards . I aro counted, or tabulatod ia | I I the electrical tabulating ma- = vk"- chines. These machines are ooooo""°| B Ift #£7, n provided with a circuit clos- * • Bj l, 0 ing device, into which the J IIP n cards are rapidly fed ono by —' vikr-~- one. The holes in the card ||jf[]n]jijr 'fgy control the electric circuits |j !j;!jr —-««=£*£. through a number of counters, !|j||i|§ )\ which will as desired count 111 |V the simple facts as to the J| y number of males, females, . 'M—j etc., or the most complicated V■, combination which the statis- \ ;\>SL ' tician may ask for. '/ P(^ the punching machine. 8 transcript of the orig >n°l returns of the enumera pjP*|K 1 -il ,i. |M|! tor to tho punched card will cL' r^J)!N 'iWp&Sm i ! h| |HI be done with small machines, .-sy+ißni | \ |H~ something like a typewriter, '| I |®B called keyboard punches. ||| ' ®a| About one thousand of these hb • 'L>. ij ctiß s. keyboard punches will be V i Wife used, and the entire work of jßfjlrek i| KfiSH : transcribing the 75,000,000 d/lj or more individual records // V ' will be done in about 100 JJ J|!i |.| ,[ working days, or nearly four y #.*'• • ■ "<|I)V months after the first reports TABULATING RECORDS. are 111 ' on which to enter the name of each person in their districts, together with the information provided for by luw. Most of them oau complete their tasks within a few days, and will receive from SSO to SISO for their services, according to the amount of work in volved. As soon as the schedules are completed and revised, under the di rection of the district superintendents, they will be forwarded to Washing ton. Here is where the work of putting the census data into intelligible and valuable form will be done, and here is where the tabulating machinery will come into play. These machines, by tho way, are the invention of a former census employe, Mr. Herman Hollerith. They were designed with a special view to use in the census, although they havo proved valuablo for other statistical work. By this system tho statistics con cerning each person will appear on a separate punched card. About seven ty-five millions of these cards will bo required, therefore, to contain all tho data collected for the census. The cards are numbered to corre spond with the numbers opposite the names in the schedules. They con tain two hundred and eighty-eight symbols, each of which is an ab breviation representing some fact within the range of the census enum eration. They are punched by moans of an electric machine. In recording the statistics a clerk reads from the schedules the Informa tion entered opposite a certain name to an operator seated at the key-board of tiie punching-m'achine. With a little practice this puucliing-machine can be operated as fast as an ordinary type-writer. Experience has shown that the average number of records that one clerk can transfer from the schedules to the cards is seven hun- dred per day. It is the intention of the Census Bureau to put one thous and clerks at work with these ma* chines as soon as the returns are in, so that this branch of the work should is] ELECTRICAL TABULATING-MACHINE. be completed in about a hundred days. From the punching-machine the record cards goto the electric tabu lating-macliine, which is even more ingenious. In form it is something like an upright piano. In tho face of the upper part of the box are set a number of indicator dials, each one devoted to somo one set of facts com prehended in the census. Inside the machine is a complicated system of electric wiring connecting these indi cators with the operating apparatus. It is the mission of this machine to total the various facts recorded on : the punched cards. To do this the punched cards are slipped into the I machine beueath a set of electric nee dles, mounted oil spiral springs. The operator presses these needles down ! jf.„ -JS Pfw THE ASSISTANT DIRECTOR. upon the card. Wherever there are punch-holes the needles pass through and dip into a cup of mercury placed beneath. An electric circuit is thus completed, which moves up the indi cators on the connected dials ono point and records the particular fact indicated by each punch-hole. The totals are always in view on tho indi cators, and are copied off on slips at the end of each run. Each machine is capable of disposing of live thou sand cards per day. The statistics computed by tbe ma chines will be copied on record slips and turned over to another force of one thousand clerks, whose business it will be to make up tables and prepare copy for the printers. By the act of Congress providing for the coming enumeration it was stipulated that the four principal re ports—ou population, mortality, agri culture and manufactures—must bo ready for publication on July 1, 1902. The Director of the twelfth cen sns is William R. Merriam, ex- Governor of Minnesota. The actual work of preparing the statistical in formation of tho census for publica tion will be in charge of Assistant Di rector Frederick H. Wines. Mr. Wines has had long experience in this sort of work. He was iu charge of one department of the eleventh cen sus, and was employed also in tho census of 1880. As assistant to Mr. Wines there are five ohief statisticians, all experts in their lines, to each of whom will be assigned oue depart ment.—Harper's Weekly. THE SHALAM COMMUNITY. Home of the Moat Remarkable Sect Id the World. On a tract of land nearly a thou sand acres in extent, and situated about six miles north of Las Cruces, and about fifty miles north of El Paso, in New Mexico, is the most remark able community in the world. Here a fraternity, with a new civilization, a new religion and a Bible of its own, is being reared, with the idea of the per fectability of the human race, which was the dream of its founder. From the raw material of castaway infants and foundlings a new kind of people is intended to result. The adults composing this com munity are spiritualists and vege tarians, but the children reared un der this strange system are the chief hope of the believers. It is they, and not the grown men and women who live in Shalam, who are to demon strate to the world the possibility of a new economic and social fraternity. Through them earth is to be regener ated aud man led out of the darkness of the competitive system into one where private property, if not wholly abolished, is made subject to a sort of communism with which writers of KjQliiii ENTRANCE TO SHALAM COURT. the order of Mr. Bellamy have made us familiar. The founder of this community was Dr. Newbrougli, a New York dentist and spiritualist, who died in 1890. He wrote a mammoth work which is the Bible of the sect, and is called "Oaiispe," a word meaning earth, air aud sky in a language spoken before the flood. It is said to have been written on the typewriter by Dr. NewbrougU, his hands being guided by supernatural beings, and was printed without being read by the doctor. It is certainly a work without a counterpart, filled with extraordinary phrases and with more peculiar illus trations, but it is the sacred book of a unique community, whioh was founded to establish the religion it teaches, and out of the spiritual and economic doctrines set forth therein to found a new race. And tho few who constitute the fratornity not only follow its economic doctrines and re frain from considering anything as theirs—they call themselves "Kos nions," which is to signify in the lan guage of thoir sacred scriptures, non owners of any and everything; but the children are taught to revere tho book as the inspired dogma of their religion. The community of Shalam is called "The Children's Land," aud a num ber of buildings have been erected. The children's building, built of brick, is the largest; the Fraternum, of adobe, is another. The walls of the latter are hung with a number of tho most extraordinary pictures ever painted, the work of Dr. Newbrough. The Difference of Clothing. How much more toughness and eu durance the average woman has than the average man when it comes to a question of the cold. One would have a sort of pity for a man who should venture out on the chilly days of autumn with uo overcoat. Yet the extra coat that the woman dons is no thicker nor warmer than the ordinary inside coat that a man wears within doors, aud in which he looks "peaked" in the outer air. But the woman, ou the other hand, wears that little coat over a cotton sliirt waist, and is warm and comfortable. Often in this climato the addition of a fur collarette is the only concession she makes to the colder days, wheu a man's light overcoat is banished by tho coming of the heavier winter gar ment. In summer it is as much of a mystery how the man can smilingly endure the eternal coat, while his Bister or wife, or mother covers her shoulders with the airiest of muslins. —New York Evening Sun. A Pigmy I'ostofllce. The accompanying cut conveys an excellent idea of Virginia Postoflice, which is situated on the stage road between San Diego and Escoudido, in San Diego County, California. Two stages stop at this postoffiee daily, except on Sunday*, to deliver and take on mails. The entire struc ture of t'ue postoflice was originally a mere piano-box, and is about six feet high, three feet wide and five feet long. It has fivo private boxes on one side, fitted with Yale locks. It is undoubtedly the smallest postoflice in tho United States, if not in the whole -if ii ~ THE SMALLEST POSTOFFTOE IN THE UNITED STATES. world. The postmistress and her son are seen standing outside. Virginia Postoffico is not i monfey order post oflice. CHURCH COLONIZATION. A Successful Combination of Bu*ines*,Rc« ligioii an, and nine cases out of ten the lequett is com plied with. In his • anxiety to give the boys a lift the man plunges right in and raises the "boy in the bag" oil the ground. Immediately ho is startled by cries of "murder" and "help," which come from tho I ag and inform him that he has been made tho victi.n of a boyish prank. I" most cases the victim joins in the laugh,but a few nights ag<> a fatherly-looking individual upon whom tho oka was played got his dander up and seized the kid in the bag,roughly pulled him forth and then, turning the much frightened lad across his knee, admiu istered an old-fashioned spanking. In that neighborhood the game has become unpopular because of the difficulty of getting a bor togo into the bajr.—Philadelohia Pe:ord TEE GREAT DESTKOYEE. SOME STARTLINC FACTS ABOUT THE VICE OF INTEMPERANCE. The Man nn.liHl tin liar—Amnricitii Workmen Are Better Artisans Than tlie Knjfllull Because of Their Coinpar* •tlvely Abstemious Htlilti. They talk of the man behind the sun, And the deadly work that he h«9 done; But muoh more deadly work, by fur. Is done by the fellow behind the bar. They talk of the man behind the sun- Yet only In battle his work Is done; But never ceases, tn peace or war. The work of the man behind the bar. —Sacred Heart llevlew. Sober Workmen. The fact that the Industries of tills coun try are making Inroads upon territory hitherto controlled by British manufac turers and have obtained a large trade In the British homo markot Itself, has Riven rise to muoh study nnd Investigation of the causes which produced this reiuarkuble re sult. The New York Commercial publishers an Interesting letter from London on this sub ject. The writer la an Englishman, but in reply to a question as t«i why It Is that so many orders are coming to tho United States from England he answers that it Is because the Amorloan workmen are better artlsnns than the English. The main rea son assigned by this writer for the superi ority of the Amcrldan nrtlsnn Is that ha spends more money on nourishing food and less on Intoxicating liquors than tho Brit ish worklngmau. Tltere nre about 40,000,- 000 people in Great Britain nnd Ireland. Ol this number It Is estimated that 17,000.000 are abstainers from strong drink. Th« •lrink bill for the nation was $772,504,000 in 1898, and the 23,000,000 people who did the drinking paid an average of $3 3.60 n year or sixty-Uve cents a woek for th at In dulgence. The average rate or wages In the blgbet lines of manufacture Is about the same In this country nnd In England, but the American worklngman spends an average of only thirty-live cents a week on drink as against sixty-five ceuls by the British worklngmnn. The former is, presumably, therefore, more energetic and In better possession of tho faculties whloh his work requires. There may be something in tho theory which the Loudon correspondent of the New York Commercial puts forward, but lie does not give due consideration to one of the malu reasons, lu fact tho principal reason why so many orders are being re ceived from England by tho great In dustrial establishments of this country. It is that the British have found that thoy could get their orders filled so much more readily here. The British Government Itself has borne testimony to this fact. When It wanted great quantities of steel for the railroads and bridges which It is to build la the Soudan the contracts were captured by American manufacturers simply because they could 1111 them In so much shorter time than tholr British competitors. 'lhe groat number of American locomotives whiuU the English railroads have bought and ordered is due to the same cause. The American workman produces more in a given time than any other and does his work quite us well. But the London writer may claim that this extra speed without the (acrlflce of efllcftncy Is largely at trlbutablo to the ■comparatively ab stemious habits of ■: artisans.—Atlanta Journal. m Tlie Driiiblug ISjlt Disreputable. In view of tho lmiWiuse amount of liquor consumed in the United States, It is diffi cult to believe that the temperance cause is making uiuch progress, but it Is a fact that excessive drinking was never so dis reputable as It Is to-day. Self-respecting men shun tlie society of tho immoderate drinker more thau" ever before. Thoy don't like to be seen In his company. A young mail who is known to drink oven moderately is dlntruste I by Ills employers and his standing In society suffers a de cline. Society frowns more and more upon the drinking habit, and tippling as a fash ionable accomplishment is on the decline. Liquor Is not as openly presented to guests at private houses as it was twenty-live years ago. An invitation from your enter tainer to "take suthiu"' is apt to b9 com municated by a whisper nnd a wink, nnd ha Iliads you to some secluded oupboard. Ho is ashamed io mention whisky In the presance of the ladles and children. Theri Is much talk outside of olubs about the dissipation indulged in thoro, but it is jreatly exaggerated. Excesses are frowned upon in all reputable clubs. When drunk enness becomes thoroughly unpopular it will becoullned to the dissolute alone.— Texas Sittings. A Touching Scene. Accompany me, please, and I will show /ou u scene that will touch u heart of stone. We will enter n miserably furnished tioiuo where want and misery relgu su preme. There, before a dimly flickering 9ro. sits a mother clnsplng to her bosoin a shild of live yenrs, and from its white lips come these "words, "Mamma, I am so hungry and cold! Why does not the Are burn better? It used to burn brightly when papa was here." Tho mother's face Is drawn with pain and her eves are filled with tears as she replies, "Yes, dear, but papa is a drunkard now. 1. What punish ment can be muted out that will seom suf llclmit for a man who causes such misery? Qod pity the man who can hear the cry, "Mother, give mo broad," nnd not raise his h.ml te avert its cause.—Mabel Storer, tn Baptist Argus. Abalnthe In the Tropic*. The use of absinthe under the equatorinl euu of Africa would accouut for the'sud don freak of Insanity which led tho officers at the Voulet-Chuuoiuo expedition to lira on a columu under their own flag. Ab sinthe in any climate is a dangerous drink, but In the tropics it saps the intellectual forces faster than opium. That it has turned French odfloovs Into madmen and set them runniug amuck in the African bush is not at all surprising, but as it will probably kill them before long it must be credited with a certain amount of com pensatory good in tho way of warning tc others. Temperance l'nys. Young men and women may still believe that, with trusts or without them, with combinat ion or cc in petition, with depart ment stores or Individual enterprises, busi ness cannot go ou without worker- who are accurate, bonost and oapablo. In business these gifts are indispensable; anil those who need them must pay those wild havo then, whether they will or not. Morn and more, also, they may tee sure that steady nerves and unclouded brains are the most valuable commodities in th« market. Temperance pays now as it nevej paid boforo. The Crusade in Ht'ief. The man who "can ilrluk or let it alone" Is.generally one who does not lot it alone. Health is tho worklngman's capital. In dulgence in strong drink destroys this capital. To-day It Is the rarest thing in tho world that u member of Congress is seen In a state of Intoxication. The spirit of this age is against overin dulgence in strong drink. Slowly but surely drunkenness and lewdness are be coming things of tho past. Nineteen thousand one hundred and sev enty-live men and women voted this yeaj lu favor of the prohibition of the llqucf Vafflo In Christiana, Norway.