I THE YAQUIS A NOBLE RACE 1
M Most Remarkable Tribe of Aboriginals Known
to History.
8 MEXICAN TROOPS HAVE THEM AT BAY.
TTENTION has
fyl, again been
V I called by the
Y\\ Ij\ present hostile
V\\l JI/\\ attitude of the
// Yaqui Indians,
in the mountain
wiHf it"' ' " districts of
'■fil I vk Northwestern
jHw I V. Mexico to what
Il\ 112 vV ' a P er^a P s 'he
\ I l/L U most remarkable
xA ~ Vy tribo of aborig
inals known to
* 1 history. The
Yaquis differ materially from the
numerous other tribes inhabiting this
section of the globe, says a writer in
the St. Louis Globe-Democrat. While
thoroughly partaking of the ferocious
nature of the Apaches of the American
frontier, and entertaining quite as
pronounced a hatred for all people of
more civilized tastes, they ara char
acterized by a very distinct predilection
for intelligent forms of government.
But that any restrictions or obligations
should bo placed upon them by an
alien people, such as they have erer
been disposed to regard all mankind
not of their tribe, they are disposed
to consider as unwarranted interfer
ence with their hereditary customs,
and hence intolerable. The Yaquis
have been a constant source of dread
to the Mexicans ever since the first
attempt at civilizing the northwestern
section of the republic, to which
movement the former have been most
strenuously opposed. Like other
North American tribes, they hold that
the territory they inhabit is theirs by
right of inheritance from their fore
fathers, and every foot of land that
bas from time to time been wrenched
from them has ultimately been paid
for by the life's blood of the invaders.
During past centuries the Yaquis
Lave been almost incessantly at war
with the Spaniards and their Mexican
descendants, and by degrees their
once powerful tribe has been reduced
until at the present day it numbers
less than 15,000 members. Of their
former broad domain all the posses
sions that now remain to the Yaquis
are a few leagues of land situated in
the lower valleys of the Rio Yaqui, in
the southern portion of the State of
Senora. Here, during the brief inter
vals of peace which they have occa
sionally experienced, they have made
their homes, following their natural
pursuits of farming, stock raising and
mining. This is the laud that has
been officially assiguedto them by the
Mexican Government. Ba«k of it,
however, in the fastness of the great
H| |
Ihilifi*®*
A YAQUI HERDER.
Sierra Madres, lies a territory that is
theirs by right of their exclusive
ability to penetrate and when neces
sary to inhabit it. This is the war
home of the Yaquis. Here in the con
flicts of late years they have proved
invincible, unconquerable. It is a
country of rugged mountain steeps,
of deep, furnacelike defiles and deso
late, sweltering mesa lands—a coun
try inaccessible, intolerable to any
thing human save only the Yaquis.
Such is the stronghold in which this
race of fighters is intrenched to-day.
The Yaquis derive their name from
their peculiar habit of loud talking,
their verbal designation Yaqui mean
ing, "He who shouts." The Yaqui,
or Huaqui, is one of the chief rivers
W- J '* %
YAQUI GRASS HOUSE, SHOWING UTENSILS.
of Mexico, being about 400 miles in
length, and is formed of several
streams, -which rise close to the Amer
ican boundary in the Sierra Madre
Mountains. The Yaqai has its outlet
in theOalfof California, about twenty
five miles southeast of Ouaymas. the
principal Mexican seaport of the Gulf.
The State of Sonora lias an area of
about 71,000 square miles, or nearly
25,000 miles more than New York,
and a population of abont 155,000.
The assessed value of the property is
about $7,500,000. It consists in
mines, cotton weaving, china potter
ies, cattle ranolies and other branches
of pastoral industry. The valley of
the Yaqui, which is the scene of the
present disturbances, according to
L YAQUIS IN WAP. DRESS. '
American scientists and explorers em
braces about 12,000 square miles. It
is one of the most mountainous parts
of Mexico.
The Yaquis as a race claim descent
from one of the original seven emigra
tions from the North, having closely
followed the Toltecs of the sixth cen
tury or before, who founded their
kingdom on the site of Tula, about
fifty miles north of the City of Mexico.
They claim by tradition an earlier
origin than the Aztecs, who built
cities and possessed a civilization
which was at its height in the time of
the first expedition of Cortez. The
Mexican Government has announced
a policy of extermination against these
Indians.
The present uprising is the sixth in
their history. The ludians revolted
against Spain in 1735. The Hidalgos
were worsted in battle, but they miule
up for their failure in arms by their
artful duplicity. The Yaquis revolted
again in 1825, and again in 4,1832,
against Mexico, *vhen, armed with
bows, battle axes and spears, and led
by their celebrated chieftain, Bande
ras, they made it lively for the Gov
ernment troops, but were finally over
come. They made another attempt
in 1811, and defended their mountain
fastnesses with Spartan valor, and for
years held the Government at bay.
Order was restored by a compromise.
The conflict this time will be to th e
death. In their ten years' war th 0
Y/iquis were still using almost wholly
their primitive weapons. To-day they
are well armed.
The Yaquis are fine people, and
rather deserve encouragement than
annihilation, writes ai. American of
ficer who recently visited their coun
try. They are the remnants of a
brave and partly civilized people
whom the Spaniards found in Mexico.
They have never been conquered, and
have never forgiven their Spanish
enemies nor their descendants. Their
military organization is almost per
feet, and consists of companies, regi
ments and divisions.
The wife of our chief blushed with
pleasure as one of our number hung
about her neok a string of blue beads
as a parting gift. She was truly
worthy of our admiration. So was
the grin on the face of her youngster
as he began to realize what sweetness
was concealed iu a lump of maple
sugar which we gave him. Their
huts were our homes, the doors of
which would always have been open
tons had there been any. At the
back end of each were two tiers of
bunks for sleeping purposes; in the
front the family squatted, cooked and
lived. Mere justice demands that I
should say I found nothing but clean*
liuess about their homes, persons and
surroundings, a;ul the high opinion
which I then formed of their general
intelligence, great bravery anil in
trinsic worth still remains unchanged.
They are not savages.
The talk in the papers abotit sur
rounding them and starving them is
rot, for it caunot be done at this sea
son of the year. At this time down
there everything is green and verdure
is at its best. These Indians live on
cactus, on a kind of brown sugar and
on parched corn and of this they can
A YAQUI MAIDEN WITH PAINTED FACE.
find an unlimited amount at this time
of the year. It is just as sensible to
put a man in a well and talk of killing
him by thirst as to talk of starving
these Indians now.
Just south of the Yaqui Indians is
another tribe which is about as large
and which sympathizes largely with
the Yaquis. These are the Mayo In
dians and they are probably as line
specimens of physical manhood as are
to be found ou the continent. They
are as numerous as the Yaquis, and it
is the custom of these Indians to kill
all their old men and women long be
fore they would die a natural death,
aud they prevent the marriage of
either a man or a woman of the tribe
who is in any way imperfect or de
formed. The result is they have a
tribe of magnificent specimens of
manhood and womanhood. The Mexi
can Government will have its hands
full with the Yaquis alone, but if the
Mayoa join them it will be a long
drawn out contest.
Bavar*a, with a population of 5,-
818,500, spends 58t.800.000 a year on
beer.
BISMARCK BIRTHDAY BONFIRES.
To Celebrate the Natal Anniversary of the
Iron Chancellor in a Notable Way.
Students of the various universities
in Germany recently decided to cele
brate the anniversary of Bismarck's
birth in a notable fashion on April 1,
1900, and a programme has now been
arranged in accordance with which
BONFIRES TO MARK I'RINCE BISMARCK'S
BIRTHDAY.
oillnrs or monuments in honor of Bis
marck will be erected iu many Ger
man cities, and on the morning of
A.pril 1 flames will burst lorth from
ihem and" will continue to burn dur
ing the day.
The first step iu this direction was
taken when several leading professors
net at Eisenach for the purpose of de
eding on the form of the proposed
monuments. The leading architects
)f Germany had been invited to com
pete, and the result was that 320 de
signs were submitted.
Of these ten were finally selected,
rod valuable prizes were awarded to
;he architects who had submitted
ihem. The three designs -which were
ssteemed to be the best were submit
;ed by W. Kreiss, nu architect of
Dresden.
One of his designs of a Bismarck
monument is notable for its strength
rod simplicity. We see a massive
square structure, flanked by four pil
.ars and with a hollow opening at the
lop, through which the flames are to
jurst. In this hollow opening is a
arge metal brazier, which is designed
IO hold the coal and other fuel, and
.vithin the structure is a staircase
eading lip to the brazier. The rear
rod sides of the monument are of
smooth stone and are devoid of orna
nent, but on the front are several
sculptural decorations.
This design is generally admitted to
oe the best, and the numerous monu
ments which it is proposed to erect iu
Donor of Bismarck will be fashioned
after it. These will be placed on the
Highest points near the various cities
ind towns, and they will vary iu size
iccording to the wealth of the cities
ind the height of the elevations.
One hundred and seventy-four
sities and towns have already ar
ranged to erect a Bismarck monu
ment, and in each place a coinmitteo
las been appointed to select the most
suitable spot for the erection of the
structure. The plan is to have the
ires in the various monuments light
ed simultaneously on April 1, and it
s believed that when that time comes
,he monuments will be so numerous
;hat there will be a regular chain of
Deacon lights from one end of Ger
many to the other.
The S\vor<lfi*h a Mackerel.
The swordfish is really a gigantic
mackerel, dividing pretty evenly the
honor of being chief of the Seom
bridie with the huge albacore, or deep
sea tunny. Its weapon is a solid spear
if bone sometimes reaching two feet
in length, an elongation of the upper
jaw which topers to a keen point.
These weapons are an exceedingly
rare possession, very seldom seen ex
cept in museums, aud then generally
found on exhibition just as they have
beeu sawed out of some ship's tim
bers; the result of just such an error
of judgment on the part of the
xiphias was reported last weeit from
Kragero, into which port the bark
Passe Partout had putin leaking.
Upon examination part of the weapon
of a swordtish was found imbedded in
a five-iuch plank, having first passed
through the outer sheathing of metal.
Novel Philippine Cavalry.
The adaptability of the American is
proverbial and this fact is humorously
exhibited by the troops now in Iloilo.
There are no horses on the islaud but
there was a dire need of cavalry. So
the soldiers impressed a herd of water
butlalo aud utilized them as mounts,
-
TROTTING- BULL USED BY OCR TROOrS
IN ILOILO.
The illustration shows one of the
Tennessee boys on a prize trotting
bull. The animal is said to be very
docile and to make an acceptable sub
stitute for the horse.
Corunnain Spain claims to have the
oldest lighthouse in existence
rr v
| CHILDREN'S COLUMN. J
I'layinß House.
Jim an' me wuz playiu' hoU9O
After school today;
Jim said I could be bis wife—
Only jes' in play.
Ho we tuk my table out
An' some cookies, too;
Then w« settled down fer tea
Jes' like big (oiks do.
Jim, he brought a book and read;
lsaid: "That,ain't fair,
I'd tear thai old book iu two
If I'd only dare."
Then Jim laughed at me an' said:
"You big silly, you.
I mil*' read au' you keep still—
Jes' like big folksdo."
Then I jes' got off my chair
An' I wouldn't play;
Jim -Hatched up his book an' said:
"Girls all do that way."
Ho went home, but I don't care,
I'm jes' mad c.leim through.
'Talu't no fun t' play "keep house"
Jes' like big folk* do.
—Florence E. liussell, in Newark Daily Ad
vertiser.
Curious AttHOliinent.
There are few things more interest
ing iu the natural history of animals
o , indeed, more wonderful, thau the
partiality which individuals of totally
different race have exhibited for each
other. About ten years ago a friend
who was rector of a rural parish iu
North Wales, bought a pig at ono of
his village fairs. It belonged to a
cottager who lived nearly four mile*
from the place where the fair was
held, and who had ) robably brought
it on foot from his cottage that morn
ing.
The pig was driven up to the rec
tory and placed iu the sty, and on the
next morning my friend went to see
his new purchase aud to turn him out
into the fold to take au airing, where
he was left to pick a few peas that had
been thrown down to make his pas
time more agreeable.
After awhile the pig was not to be
found aud a servant was sent to see if
he had strayed back to his old home.
There he was found happy and free
among the - other animals of the cot
tage. He was ngain driven to his new
quarters, aud confined to the sty for
nearly two days. When it was thought
he had become reconciled to his new
home or had forgotten his old one, he
was again liberated and suffered to
roam at will about the fold.
He was watched for awhile, bnt
seemed to bo so entirely at home that
he was left aud forgotten until it was
time to confine him to bis own quar
ters, when he was again sought for in
vain. - ——
He had once more strayed to his
old haunts, aud had to be brought
back agaiu.
On the morning following this
escape my friend weut to the sty aud
found near it a little brown dog,
which he then remembered he had
seen about the premises several times
since the fair, and it occurred to him
that th ■ pig aud he were acquainted
and would, if the opportunity were
offered, trot home together.
So the pig was liberated in order to
see if the surmise was correct, and
sure enough, re 'ognitiou, sweet an l
tender, was soon witnessed.
They were followed at a respectable
distance for fully half a mile, as they
diligently trotted home together, the
dog Jeadiug the way, aud anxiously
looking back every now and then to
see if his friend was following.
The little dog had been missed by
his master for long periods together,
aud his absence could not be accounted
for till my friend solvo 1 the mystery.
There was evideutly a strong attach
ment I etweeu j, but whether it
was the force o. .his attachment or
anxiety to look a ler his master's in
terests, the conduct of the dog was
equally wonde ful.
On the Street Corner.
The wind was blowing ft gale.
People were hurrying to aud fro, ap
parently thinking only of themselves
—as people usually do when a storm
is about to burst upon them. The
city crossings were in a shameful con
dition—what was the matter with the
city authorities I cannot tell. There
was loose suow on the top of what
might be called a lake of slush, the
lake iu this iustance at any rate being
deep enough to submerge the "cross
er's" rubbers,and sometimes his or her
shoes.
From around a corner, al nost blown
a'oug by the strength of the rising
win came au old woman with her
arms full of bundles. She certainly
did look comical with her hat pushed
back on oue side and her gray hair
flying over her face, but there was a
pathetic side to the picture. She was
trying to make her umbrella act as a
cane, but the wind made it contrary,
so it flopped about in au aimless way,.
and finally fell down. The old woman
was discouraged, but she struggled to
pick up the umbrella, accomplishing
the task with difficulty, and while
doing so dropjjed one of her bundles.
Endeavoring to get this, all the others
fell, with the "total depravity of in
animate t'lings."
Some school boys passed and
smiled. "She's having a bard time,"
said one, laughiug.
"Poor old soul!" saidauother,really
feeling sorry for her, but not taking
the tr. üble to show his pity in any
helpful way.
•Tut then another school boy catue
along. He was well dressed, and his
bearing showed that he was"to the
manor born." Would he, too, pass
by the old womau in her perplexity?
Oh, no, that was not his way.
"I'll pick them lip for you," he
said quickly.
He had some cord in his overcoat
pocket, with which he tied all the
pacL«ges together, and made a sort of
handle to hold theui by.
"Oh, thank yon," said the old worn-
at, her face brightening with relief.
"Jf'ow good of you!"
"That's all right," vras the boylsk
re°ponse.
He was going on, but, happening
to look back, he saw the old woman
standing on the curbstone looking at
the sea of slush as if venturing to
cross it. He was at her side in a min
ute. He took her packages and one of
her arms.
"Let me help you across, please,"
he said as courteously as if he was ad
dressing an old lady of his own station.
"It isn't pleasant, but there's no dan
ger."
He smiled into the poor worried old
face reassuringly. When they were
across the boy said kindly:
"Is it all right, now, madam? Can
you get home alone?"
"Yes, I'll get along without any
trouble, and I "
She was about to express her heart
felt thanks, but the boy, lifting his
hat with a parting bow, said: "Good
bye," and was gone.—Helen Hall
Farley.
A Dog That ISenHons.
Nearly everybody in Waupun, Wis.,
knows "Billy." He is a very unpre
tentious citizen, trotting around town
dressed iu the same threadbare white
suit almost daily, but he had a repu
tation for being a great tighter when
aroused, and those who know him
best say he is the cleverest as well as
the most rational in that part of
the couutry. He is an inmate of the isou,
isou, being an assistant iu the
medical department. Some persons
intimate that Billy spends most of his
time in and about the medical depart
ment because, being a dog, he finds
much entertaiumeut in studying the
great variety of druggy odors there.
As a matter of fact Billy belongs to
Dr. G. F. Messer, the head of the
medical department, and is devoted to
his master, to whom he owes most of
his superior education.
When Billy first made the acquain
tance of the doctor he (the dog) was
simply an uueducated, sprawl-legged
bull terrier with a certain pride of an
cestry that gave a superior tip to his
eat sand an exceptional fineness to his
| hair. Like other youngsters whom I
might name, Billy,at this period of his
career, 1 elieved that life and happiness
did and of right ought to consist in
chewing most anything that looked
like food, in chasing chickens and
other b r.ls till he was so tired that he
sunk to rest in the nearest sunny dust
heap and iu appropriating the softest
and cosiest cushioned chair in the
house.
Then came the troublesome "going
to school" that youngsters usually
loathe in their secret hearts. First
Silly was taught to sit up on his
haunches. This used to make his
back ache, and always, at tirst, it
seemed as if a wingless aud curious
Asect would begi:i to move about at
the furthest extremity of his tail at
the critical moment when Billy was
straining every nerve to remain bal
anced. So the young dog would bliuk
! aud look almost tearful and at last
give a yelp and start on a wild race
i for the end of his tail, which dodged
him aud darted from him in a manner
most provoking. Yon see, histai'l had
j been bitten off iu his infancy and was
; a bit too stubby for convei ieuce.
Then came learning to jump through
■ and over arms to get a piece of meat
or biscuit. Of course this was fun
aud easily learned.
Aud so Billy's education went ou.
j He learned to "speak" when told to
do so, and finally became so proficient
iu speaking that he adopted the habit
of calling for his bed (an old coat
! which was laid on the sofa) at night.
| He has learned to act the pj.it of a
judge, aud "listens to the evidence,"
and "expounds the law" very learned
ly. Sometimes when he is not given
euough attention to suit him he will
i perforin his tricks of his own accord
or climb into a chair and play "peek-a
--boo." He hss a treadmill which lie
! onjoys running, and he takes keen de
! light i;> chasing the sort of cats that
: like to steal upon a dog, and, fur
1 pronging out in every direction, take
j a flying leap and laud on his back.
I At this o.itical moment most dogs
give a fearful yelp and run for dear
life, but Billy sii"ply remains aud
settles matters with the cat—if the
' cat can be found. Billy is also an ex
: pert hunter and obeys sign signals as
I well as spoken or whistled ones. He
is a great ratter aud mouser and has
! learned to adopt the cat's methods
and wait for his prey to come out of
its hole. Then he waits for his vic
tim to get some distance away from
the hole before undertaking to make
a capture. He learned this method
by sad espeiience, for at first he
would jump at the rat or mouse as
soon as it appeared and usually with
the result that the intended victim
escaped back iuto the hole.
Dr. Me.-ser writes: "Billy showed
his ability to reason only a day or two
aao. A cookie was laid down in front
of the cupboard to coax out the mice
from nuclei neath. One cjime to the
cookie and Billy saw that it was too
close t ■ the cupboard, so he picked it
I'll and moved it about four feet further
out. Then he went a little way back
to watch for the mouse to come out,
certain that now he could get his prey
before it could get out of his reach."
Billy is two and one-half years old,
weighs 44 pounds aud seems to under
stand nearly all that is said in hip
presence.
4,000,000 Women Waffe Earners.
There are said to be 4,000,000
women wage eat neis in this couutrj ;
2;* 0,000 are teachers, besides 85,000
music teachers. There are 10,000 art
ists, 2725 authors, 1145 pastors, 888
uowspaper women, 27il detectives, 208
lawyers Had 40 chemists. Two Cin
cinnati women make $1". a year
out of a restaurant, aud the woman
manager of a California insurance
cou;»anv ie;eives a salary of SlO-000-