HOW NUGGETS GROW. A Chemist Shows That Gold Exists in * .Soluble Form. It is generally supposed that the nug gets which are found in the river grav els of Klondike and other auriferous regions have been brought down by the rivers direct from the reefs in which the gold originally lay. Many practical miners and scientific men, however, have long been of opin ion that this cannot be the case, for nc masses of gold of so large a size were ever found in the reefs themselves. They believe, on the other hand, thai the nuggets have grown where they are now found, just as a crystal of salt will grow in a strong brine; but with sc insoluble a substance as gold it was difficult to understand how such growth could take place. Experiments carried out in Australia have shown that decaying vegetable matter will cause the deposition of gold from solu tions of gold salts. l*ut these salts are not known to occur in reefs. The mystery is now solved. A Sla vonic chemist named Zzigmedy has just shown that gold itself can exist in a soluble form. By acting on a slightly alkaline solution of a gold salt with formaldehyde and submitting the prod uct to dialysis, he has succeeded in ob taining gold in a colloidal condition, in which state it is soluble in water and may be precipitated by the addftion ol common salt. It is probable that some of the gold in quartz feefs exists in this condition, it is washed out by the rain, carried away in solution by the rivers, and deposited in the river gravels wherever there is anything containing salt to cause its precipitation. In the course of ages a large nugget may in this way be formed. The Flyiiiji Fox. The flying fox is a very curious in habitant of the forests near Moreton Bay in East Australia, it lives in flocks and moves generally toward the dusk of the evening, and the noise produced by the heavy flapping of the so-called wings i« very singular. The flocks like quiet places, where there are large Araucarian pine trees, with an under wood of scrub and creepers. The foxes hang in vast numbers from the horizontal branches of the pine trees. When there is a clear space among the trees, an enormous number of the animals may be seen, and their noise can be heard, for directly they see any thing unusual they utter a short bark, something like the sound made by young rooks. Often every branch is crowded and the flying foxes are seen either flapping their wings and hold ing 011 with their bind feet, and with their head downward, or snarling and lighting for places. Suddenly the whole take to flight and (Ta.). iVrfilr 'furry, wing-like sides and wheel around like heavy birds. Many lly with their young holding onto them. The creature is not a true fox and there is a fold of skin which reaches from the fore to the hind legs. This is called the wing, and it enables the pteropus, as the animal is called, to float and turn in the air. L'iiml of (lie Iteil Man. Since the United States government wJs formed 19,000 white men, women children have been slain in Indian M\rs and affrays anil about 30,000 In iltns, at an expense to our govern iw*nt of $807,073,658. To this Immense •tni must be added the civil expendi e of the government on behalf of the ■ins. which, between 177(1 and 1.890, nted to $259,944,082, making a to- M ,067,017.740 for civil and mili •>enses in connection with the ' man. Icn of Morro CiMtle. is one of the grandest pos -11 Cuba, not as a fortress, iosity. The damage done iper by our navy could be $50,000. Its construction are wonderful, and the irro ridge is unsurpassed guard there lias explored roughly, but has not yet le entrance to the subter re rooms. 1 Spooiiailion t. nannock county. Va., they a "spoonament." All the s were ladies. They rode ack at a fast gallop, each dinner spoon with an egg in one who rode three times e arena without dropping the crowned queen of the spoona- A world of fun was had by both pants and spectators. m So ale I.arite Mhrnrlen. l'lie largest library in the world is that of Paris. It contains upward of 2,000,000 printed books and 160,000 manuscripts. The British museum contains about 1.500,000 volumes and the imperial library at St. Petersburg about the same number. These are the largest libraries in the world. A Queer Suit. A Kentucky druggist has been sued for SIO,OOO damages for selling poison to a young man who made use of it to commit suicide. The suit is brought by the administrator of the suicide's estate. A Collar Huttoner. A Georgian has designed a collar huttoner which is shaped like a glove buttoner and has the hook portion beni at an angle with the shank, to aid ir releasing It trom the button. Death by Martbqnakea. It is estimated that since the begin ning of the historical era 13,000,000 Bersons have peri«hed in earthquakes. BEARS SLY AS FOXES. Tliey Throw Lump* of Ice at U'altmei >1 Stan ami Capture Ttieiu. 11l his native home the polar bea: does not often meet with small boyi anxious to treat him to buns and othe; dainties. The consequence Is tha' Bruin has to devise many curious wayi of securing his foo<', and none are mort strange and interesting than that re lated by two trustworthy travelers ii Greenland, that country of strangi sights. They have known the polar bear t( take a stone or a huge lump of ice ii his fore paws and from a favorabli height, as a cliff or a precipitous ici hill, to hurl the missile down upon thi head of a walrus —an enormous brute often twice the size of the hear —and s< 6tun him that Bruin could rush in ant complete the destruction at his leisure thus securing a month's rations. The most useful food of the ice bear as the Germans very appropriately cab this beast, is the common seal of tin arctic regions. The latter is the wari est animal of the north, and both Es kimo and polar bear need their besi strategy to catch it. In the summer time, when the snow is off the ice of the ocean shore anc islets, the seals can be plainly seen ai black dots on the ice. probably asleep but always near their holes, which leac down through the thick ice to thi water below, and into which they car throw themselves by the least move ment. Bruin, seeing one afar, walks up as near as he deems safe, and ther begins crawling on his wary prey. The seal, if the weather be sunn) and pleasant, takes short naps, relieved by shorter moments when it is scan ning the vicinity for signs of the ene my's approach. During these timet the bear is very qdiet and as still as death itself, with eyes apparently closed, though real'y a corner of each is kept open, and ii": this way he hopes the seal will take him for a heap ol snow, an appearance which his coal readily helps him to assume. During the napu he creeps forward with greater or less rapidity, according to his nearness to the seal and conse quent fear of being seen or heard When but ten or twelve yards away and the seal is in the depths of a good nap, the bear rushes upon him. and with a single blow of his powerful paw knocks the smaller brute senseless anc so far away from lhe hole that he can not escape by tlia: way, even if th€ blow received is no. immediately fatal In winter time the ice is covered with snow, and tujs is hollowed oul by the seal into a anow house, cover ing the hole in tlia ice and connecting at the top of the do UP with an aperture about the size of :. shilling, called the blow hole, for it through this that the seal breathes T hen he is in want of fresh air. Here the bear watches for many a long hour, if nece-sary, and when the snorts of the seal . re heard he crushes in the fragile don. • of the snow house with his paw, imp"ling the seal on his curved claws, and proceeds to practi cally demonstrate how polar bears can subsist in an arctic winter. Ingenuity of tlie Tnliituua. The Tahitans an- said to be the peo ple most serviceable to the traveler. They seem, in fact, to command at all times the principal conveniences ol life. Half an hour of daylight is sufficient for building a house of the stems and leaves of the fehi-banana, and fire is produced by rubbii:g sticks. If the running water is deeply sunk among stones by working in banana leaves they bring it to the surface. The chase of ee'.s. which in those dripping mountain.-', become almost am phibious, offers another instance ol their ingenuity. They tear off with their teeth the fibrous bark of "puran" (Hibiscus til iaceus), and a moment after apply it to noosing small fish. If one is sent for fruit he will us ually makes a basket on the way by plaiting segments of a cocoanut leaf. A mat will be manufactured with al most equal ease. Clothing is always at hand, and a banana leaf serves foi an umbrella. Tumblers and bottles are supplied by single joints of the bamboo, and casks and buckets by the long stems, and whether you ask for a hatchet, knife, spoon, toothbrush, 01 wash basin, the guides will never be found at a loss. An Knjfliiih Advertisement. The following advertisement is from a paper published in the north of Eng land: "To L«et —A house in Melville street, situated immediately alongside of a line plum garden, from which an abundant supply of the most delicious fruit may be stolen during the season. Rent low, and the greater part taken in plums." Where There Are Inn*. In some of the less accessible parts of Norway visited by tourists there are no inns in the villages. The govern ment has now decided to grant in such cases a certain annual sum to the own er of a spacious house in each village the proprietor agreeing, in turn, to ac commodate four or more guests if call ed upon. The Knife in Italy. A Lega Contro 11 Coltello (league against the knife) has been formet among the workingmen of Rome, its' object being to aid in enforcing the law against the carrying of that weap on. Knives are the instruments usee in the perpetration of upward of 4.00( homicides in Italy annually. To Make a Com lime re Shawl. The constant lalxir of four persont for an entire year is required to pro dues a cashmere shawl of the best quality. IN JAIL FOR DEBT. A Debtor** Prison Wliere Immorality HelgueU Supreme. The King's Uenr:i was the largest of all the debtors' prisons. It formerly stood on the east side of the High street, on the site of what is now the second street north of St. Gporge's Church, London. This prison was taken down in 1758, and the debtors were removed to a larger and much more commodious place on the other side of the street south of I.ant street— the site is now marked by a number of new and very ugly houses and mean streets. In the year 177 C the prisoners had to lie two in a bed. and even for those who could ray there were not beds enough, and many slept on the floor of the chapel. There were :19!> prisoners; in addition to the prisoners many of them had wives and children with them. There were 279 wives and 275 children a total of 1,399 sleeping every night in the prison. There was a good water supply, but there was no infirmary, no residwnt surgeon, and no bath. Imagine a pl.ice containing 1,399 persons, and no bal'.i and no infirmary! Among these prisoners, about a hun dred years ago, was a certain Colonel George Hanger, who lias left his ".Me moirs" behind him for the edification of posterity. Ac-.oidlng to him the prison "rivaled thi is the kind of let ter the Chinese editor writes: '"lllustrious Hrotlier of the Sun and Moon! Behold thy .servant at thy feet, who kisses the eat Hi before and asks thy gracious permission to speak and live. We have lead thy nutuu ccript with delight. Ity the bones of our ancestors we swear that we have never found such manuscript! If we should print it. b's majesty, the em peror. would command us to adopt it as a standard and never again print anything not eqi to it. As that would not be po ;.-ible within 10.000 years, we return thy manuscript, trem bling and imploring thy pardon 10,000 times. My head is at thy feet and lam the slave of thy slave." Courtesy could hardly be carried fur ther. and whenever they decline an ar ticle the Chinese newspapers must make a friend of the author. A IIIIUIIIK Cro»v. Bethel, Me's, latest curiosity is a talking crow which entertains the boys and girls. The bird was found in the woods over a year ago when young, having fallen from its nest and broken a wing. It was taken homo and cared for but showed no inclina tion to talk until a few months ago. It talks as well as parrots, but favors words containing "o" and "Hello, hoi. 10, Moses, Ora. Whoa there!" cause the passershy to turn quickly at times, A LIIIIK \ oynice. The unwieldiness of an empire which should embrace the Philippines is illus trated by the experience of a merchant skipper of Castine, Me. lie left Ma nilla in a sailing vessel for a voyage around the Cape, stopping at St. Hele na. When be started there was no expectation of war; when he reached Maine the war was over, Alcohol In 'lVniiiermioe Drink*. One thousand, live hundred and eigh ty samples of temperance drinks were analyzed at the British government laboratory. Of this number, one-third were found to contain more than the 2 per cent, of alcohol allowed by law. Some or the samples contained as much as 0 to 8 per cent. A'll OI«l Kl|irf»»lon. To "dance attendance" is an expres sion borrowed from the medieval cus tom which compelled the bride at a wedding to dance with whomsoever asked her. No matter how low the con dition or how objectionable the per son the bride could not refuse. Hriirflcliii (Inlut'c J liter. Two teaspoonsful of quince Juice were recently administered to a suffer er from an aggravated case of hic coughs in Chinieothe. 0., and cured af ter many other remedies had failed. A *»lllo(|it>-. "1 must confess," remarked the bat tered tin can, " that to the best of my knowledge 1 have never pointed a moral, but I have nevertheless adorn ed many a tail." A Valuable Coin. The largest gold coin in existence Is worth about J315. It is the ingot or "loof" of Annum and its value is writ ten on the coin with Indian ink. Illtntlnean In Australia, The number of blind persons In Aus tralia in proportion to the number of the population is considerably less than in most other countries. An Atlantic Uner. In tliree years the expense of running an Atlantic steamer exceeds the cost of construction. BURNT WOOD ORNAMENTS. The Manner In Which to Decorate With | Heated Irons. The decoration of wood by the appli cation of heated irons is an art of long standing, and many interesting ex amples of old work are occasioally to be found. For a trifling sum a complete apparatus may be bought, which in cludes a platinum point that is kept heated while the work is in progress, not by electricity, as many suppose, but by fumes of benzine, which is sup plied by pressure on a rubber bellows which is connected by tubing to a bot tle half filled with benzine. When be ginning the work, the point should not be heated in any flame but that of an alcohol lamp. Any other flame would be liable to smoke and ruin the point. In burning outlines remember that to make a broad, firm line It is not neces sary to press. The lines are to be 1 scorched, not incised. The point is held and guided much in the same ! manner as a drawing pencil, but some little practice is needed to enable the ! worker to pass it smoothly and readily ; over the wood, the tendency of all be ginners being to allow it to rest and malW- dots. No discouragement, how ever. must lie felt at this, as with a little practice the manipulation will be come easy, and the worker be able to make dark or light strokes at will. Bold outlines and strongly burned backgrounds come out well on ordinary white wooden articles, such as tables, stools, chairs, bowls, plates, racks, etc. >lnk«* \oiir Ou II Ozone. Almost every person has noticed the peculiarly refreshing smell of clean linen, especially when just removed from the lines. But few people are aware that there is any connection be tween fresh, cool linen, just from the outside air. and the ozone of an apart ment. it is stated that the atmosphere of an apartment nay be charged with ozone by bringing Into it damp linen sheets that have just been exposed to a dry. sharp wind; bringing them into the house and shaking them or waving them about in the air of the room will, according to the statements made, change the character of the air. This is a matter of importance to invalids, who often become exhausted from lack of ozone In the air they breathe. A means so simple and effective and one that Is within the means of every per son should be generally understood. It seems that all that is necessary is to bring tite linen to the room immediate ly after it is taken from the lines out of doors and shake and whirl it about, when the character of the air will be altered at once. He Knew How to Advcrtlar. All original form of an advertise ment comes from Russia, where a shopkeepei posted up the following announcement: "The reason why I have bithertc been able to sell my goods so much cheaper than anybody else is that I am a bachelor, and do not ueed to make a profit for the maintenance of a wife and children. It is now my duty to in form the public that this advantage will shortly be withdrawn from them, a * I ail) aboi t to be married. They will, therefore, do well to make their purchases at once at the old rate." The result was that there was such a run on the shop that in the course of a few days this shopkeeper had made enough money to pay the ex penses of his wedding on a very lavish scale, A I'tuiioan Hell. St. Jahn's church, at Ellicottville, N. Y., has a bell that was made nearly two centuries ago in Spain and which for over 100 years sounded matin and ves- I>«r calls at a monastery on the out skirts of Malaga. The monastery was destroyed during a civil war and for years the bell lay among the ruins. It was finally brought to this country by a New England skipper and purchased for the Ellicottville church in 1838. It is 4 feet 2 inches In circumference at the top and a little over 7 feet at the base. , l.lulitcMt of I.lqnlila. Additional experiments by Professor Dewar have shown that liquid hydro gen is by far the lightest of all knowi liquids, Its density is one-fourteenth that of water and, curiously enough, this happens to be the same ration of density that hydrogen in the gaseous state bears to air. Heretofore the light est liquid known lia9 been liquefied marsh gas. which possesses about two fifths the density of water. The World'* Yolcunora. There are 072 known volcanoes in the world, of which 270 are active; 80 in America, 24 in Asia, 20 in Africa; Java has 109, 28 active. In New Zealand, within an area of 127 miles, there are G3, ranging from 19G feet to 900 feet in height. .AO.OOO a Day. Li Hung Chang Is said to head the list of the great multi-miilionaries of the world, and to be worth nearly one hundred million pounds. To this com fortable little sum it is computed that he is adding about $50,000 a day. Some Our Salter*. lr a Chinaman dies while being tried for murder, the very fact of his dying is taken as evidence of his guilt. He has departed, but somebody must suf fer; and his eldest son, if he has one, U sent to prison for a year. Dt'HiiMlon of Vn Optimist. Au optimist is a man who can keep a lying about the fish he caught until ■ persuades himself that It is true. Ft rut ('«!> of Coffee. l.ouls XIV. cf Fr*ace drank the first up of coffee made in Western Europe. Coffee was then worth $24 a pound. Williamsport & North Branch Railroad tumte TABT.-R, IX EFFECT MONDAY, JUNE 2(1, IS9U. NORTHWARD. SOUTHWARD. I'. St. I'. M. I'. M. I'. M. A. M. A M.I STATIONS. A. M. A. M. P. M. I'. M. 11.I 1 . M. I*. M. JO •' ~*' 1 ~ 1*» 10 H 0>» 1 rails 7 "hi 'I l.\ W (Ml 4 Ii" 4 j*, l in 1 "or. ® 4»i " ?»' ?4» ;f io 'io jJVmwdale fj C. f# 4o li » f:s to ft l'l flO ill !2r, kilo's ?!|i•» n u4?s 112. flu }2 L> |"" S M "i 11 f:! ' «& " 112 «J4U •j * 1 is f u oi % %\\£ %Ii 112! ' &\\ q?I Sj iJ!}!! ]}. £ .■!; Strawbritlgr ft, U-V ll f : j fc Uo7f y2B ;• It rUi :S?.l iii - Beech Glen i y o] no»» 11 f4 m fo'24 ; •»'- •! 1 rIIn?, u\ Muney Valley s ;,s n or. 07 I (it 921 1. -• .» ii» .. I>ll a .1 10 Honestmvu s .vj nmi 00 55 y {• «' Nonhnoiit .s :;7 j l l ■}* <* Ul Portr K Jl 2 •!> .■'■*2 " 1-aix.rlcTannery.... 8 lit. 2 22 IV- V'- IV", Kliwiale fs u:. uT * :?' * - ! Hirrli Cri-i-k *7 to *| r« " -W 1- 4." SuttrrlH-M 7 .V.l ,Vi ' !'• M -' '»'• M.I ' ! U. M.I P. M.l t'oiineetloim with the I'liiliuU-lphiu ul Hulls, for all )Hituts north anil south, ami il7r i> ini'Vi.'v uun n Kail Hrook mill Ueecli Creek inilromts. AtSuttrr. '' iinir'i, viii i... tli lil forull imintsonthe U hlKh Valley ruilinuil. S. Ii T(l\Vn<|. \|> ' At Sonestowu with Knitles MITO milrimil. <' , ~„r | ,.. t Dully except SuiKiiiv. 112 fluff stations, *Do <•'» Us,'". l[u K hsMllc, la. not stop. New York Weekly Tribune. NATIONALTAMILY and your lavorite home newnpaper BOTH One Year for $1.25. ■America's Ten Greatest! I Dairying Authorities onl I Cream Separators. I ■ The Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station. MADISON', Wis., July 13, 1807. In conducting our Dairy School, we have had occasion to use the various sizes of Improved U. S. Separators for dairy instruction during several winters past. Our students have always been pleased with the operation of these Separators, autl we find that they skim the milk very clean indeed from fat, and that they arc Kcncrallv vet v satisfactory. ' W. A. HENRY, Dean College of Agriculture. Cornell University Experiment Station. ; ITHACA, N. V., November 15, 1897. ! We have used the U. S. Separators for the past four or five years, aud have found thein at all times effltrient and reliable. They are easily cleaned and kept in order, and can be depended upon for satisfactory work. H. 11. WING, Prof. Dairy Husbandry. Massachusetts Agricultural College. AMHERST, MASS.,JuIy 7, t3q7. We regard the Improved United States Separator as one of the verv best all round machines. In cleanness of skimming it surpassed all the others. It compares favorably with the rest in capacity. Our man calls it the smoothest running machine we have, although it lias been in use nearly three years—a good comment on its wearing qualities. F. S. COOLEY, Prof, of Ag't. Michigan Experiment Station. AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, MICH., Jan. 47,1897. Your No. 5 Separator was received, set up, and has been operated daily since the 4th of January. Kach of our dairy boys has now had a turn at it, setting it up, running it, washing it, and testing the'skim-milk. They all like the machine, on account of its easy running and simplicity. We are running through milk 13 to 24 hours old, warmed to over 80 and usually about QO degrees. The per cent, of fat in the skim-milk, so far as reported, will not reach on the average a tenth of a per cent., and often i.s too small to read, in the skim-milk bottle. We are ult-.tsed with the machine in every possible way, as far as we have beeu able to observe it in a month's use. CLINTON 1). SMITH, Director Michigan Experiment Station, 1898 Record Equally as Good. AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, MICH., March as. i3qß. I do not know that I have anything to add to what I wrote you in January, C. D. SMITH, Director. Vermont Experiment Station. UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT AND STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, J BURLINGTON, Vt., June 1897. 112 It lias been the uniform custom of tho officers of the Vermont Station to decline t<» issue letters of a testimonial nature. I may say, however, that I can and do refer parties inquiring regarding the merits of the Improved United States Separators to the records of the running of the same as publitshud in our report for 1834. (Khe tests referred to are as follows): Aug. 14 0.05 Aug. iq 0.06 H 16 0.05 0.05 F The results obtained by the use of these machines at our Dairy Schools of tho I past two vears are full better, so far as the character of the skimming is con- I tcrned, tfiau thosv given in the report. I JOSEPH L. HILLS (Director Vt. Experiment Station), H lowa Experiment Station. AMES, IOWA, Jan. 25, 1807. Your two machines have been here in use for some time and are doing excellent work. a We have succeeded in skimming over 2,600 pounds per hour, and as close as riß 0.07 of one percent, of fat left in skim-milk, with the larger machine. 1 his we M consider excellent'work for the winter. The small machine also does good tjfl| work. L. MCKaY, State Dairy Instructor, lowa Ag'l College. Again in June; lowa Experiment Station. WS- AMES, IOWA, Juna«, iSqr. Your largo Kirp factory macliine has been doing excellent work. We iM/B useil it six days pet" weelc for the past two months, audit skims to u trace right ttlung, skiinmmt; J.SWU to i,700 pounds per hour. ....... ~ , . , r G. L. McKAY, State Dairy Instructor. |B Ohio State University. COLUMBUS, OHIO. June 2;, iiq7- r Enclosed you will find statement of the several runs made with your vuriuu* Separators. (Tests from the runs referred to show tho following!: January 15. .....0.02 February 0.00 February 15 0.02 ■ 112 18 tests show not over 0.05 of one per cent, of fat. Of course, you will understand that these runs were made by students who at ' the beginning had no knowledge of separator work. The same efficiency hardly be expected under such circumstances as where operated by an expert. THOMAS F. HUNT (.Professor of Agriculture j Idaho Experiment Station. Moscow. lIIAHO, March j6, i397-, Dairy School has just closed, having had a very successful career. \\o have used daily one of your No. 5 Improved 1". S. Separators. It has K en perfect satisfaction, and is tho favorite with all the boys. 112 HAS. 1». FOX, Professor of Agriculture. B Connecticut Experiment Station. SEW HAVEN, CONS.. AUR. -.. '3AR " The Improved U. S. Steam Turbine is running evvrv day, and has been since April. It is an easy-running and thorough skimming machine. In two recent tests, made on different days, running a trine o***e 7 milk per hour, the skim-milk showed : No. 1. 0.06 of 1 per cent, butter fat. No. 2.0.07 Thi* is as close as anv one could ask for. <„,!„■ IWH w. OCiDEN, Chemist, Conn. Ag 1 Experiment stat.on. B Mis.ouri Experiment Station. ffl&A coLi'Miti Mo., March 1.98. B The Improved V. S. Hand Separator was used in our I Jairv School during the B excerrentwork. ,b,!