* HAYAM'g AMERICANIZED MM *
One Thousand of Gomez's Veterans, Drilled by Wost Point
ers, Now Keep Order in Her Streets,
A REMARKABLE TRANSFORMATION WROUGHT.
One morning not long ago the good
people of Havana woke up and found
themselves in possession of a brand
new, made-to-order police force, fully
equipped and clad in handsome uni
forms. During the past few months
a band of nearly one thousand men
have been drilling under the direction
of United States army officers, and at
the same time becoming fully
acquainted with all the duties wnich
"one of the finest" is supposed to
know. The larger number of the new
force had served in the Cuban army,
but in their selection no distinction
has been made because of previous
affiliations, the preference being given
to those who were physically superior
and who understood the peculiar con
ditions of government and people
which obtains ir? Havaua.
When John McCullagh, the famous
ex-Chief of Police, went from New
York City to Havana to help reorganize
the lorce, and the police system gener
ally, he undertook a more difficult
task than he had at first anticipated.
Under the recent Spanish regime
there were three difierent kinds of
police, each responsible to a different
head, and whose duties, often conflict
ing with each other, created friction
and jealousies. Under the new rules
governing Havana's constabulary this
conflict of authority has been avoided.
There is but one executive, General
Rlenocal, Chief of Police, whose
powers are supreme, and responsible
to uo one except General Ludlow, the
Military Governor of Havaua. There
is no Board of Commissioners, but in
other respects it is patterned closely
upon New York's police organization.
There ara six inspectors, twelve cap
tains, twenty-four lieutenants and
sergeants, and nearly one thousand
patrolmen, all of whose duties are clear
and well defined.
Frederic Remington gives in Col
lier's Weekly an entertaining account
of police conditions in Havana before
au.l after the Americans reorganized
the force. He says:
The last time I was in Havana Wey
ler sat in the palace and dirty Spanish
soldiers prowled the streets by day
and by night. These much starved
and abused men held up the honest
■wayfarer on the principal streets and
got from him wherewith to buy bread.
The stretches down by the wharves
were little battlefields for decently
dressed men after dark. The old
Hav.;na gendarme walked about or
leaned against buildings, firing their
cigarettes, but no one ever took them
Bftriously—they interfered with no
body, no matter what his purpose
uiio;ht be.
The Prado at evening was a gay
Erene, with its swarms of Spanish
officers and pretty women strolling
slowly about to the music of the mili
tary bauds. Much more cheerful thau
in these days, I must confess; but the
back streets were made daugerous by
Starved soldiers; the insurgent bands
raided the country about to the out
posts on the neighboring hills, and
the people in the theatres insulted
Americans, thirsted for their blood,
nnd told them so by word of mouth.
Consul-General Lee employed his
time in saving American newspaper
correspondents from the Cabauas, and
the United States Government signi
fied no more to these poor ignorant
Bouls than a yesterday's edition—the
raan Lee in person wa3 the United
States of America. He was not sup
ported by Washington, but he pound
ed the table in Captain-Geueral Wey
ler's presence, talking loud and vigor
ously, to good effect.
Tiiis has all changed. The city is
divided into four districts, audourin-1
THE NEW HAVANA POLICE-A CHIEF. GENDARME OP OLD SPANISH FORCE
(Drawn for Collier's Weekly by Frederic Remington, at Havana.)
fautry soldiers walk along the streets
with loaded Krag-Jorgensens over
their shoulders, and no city in the
world is policed so well. The private
of infantry does not understand the
Spanish language, but he compre-
bends a row, nnd at the least flicker
of disordei be precipitates himself in
to the middle of the throng, rising
language fierce and loud and pictur
esque. No one understands the lan
guage, but every one comprehends
that the vicinity of the big man with
the gun should be vacant and hushed.
At night the streets are quiet —al
most deserted—and the criminal
knows that the inarticulate Yankee
will shoot him dead at the least sus
picion, because how can a Yankee
CLUB DRILL OF TIIE FOURTH BATTALION—"PRESENT ARWffi!"
soldier kuow what else to do? At first
there was some warm work, though
the butt, the bayonet, and the small
calibre soon brought things right.
I employed au evening with au of
ficer going his rounds. The thing
was distressingly without incident.
The lights from the buildings grid
ironed the narrow street, the small
life of the people could be seen
through the open door, and slowly
down the middle paced the majesty of
the Great Kepnblic in the person of
Jimmie Green from Poke County, or
GENERAL MARIO MEXOCAL, HAVANA'S
CHIEF OF rOLICE.
Paddy O'Brien from"de Ate Dis
trie'." But make no mistake about
Jimmie and Pat with the "setting
up," the silence of discipline, the
fetich of orders and the loaded gun.
There on the streets of the strange
tropic city they are as impersonal as
gods.
It all made me sigh for the riot and
roar of Whitechapel or the lower East
Side, or some of the ginger of Chicago
after caudle-light, and I appealed to
my officer Jfriend. I asked him to
kindly hit some passing straggler over
the head with bis six-shooter, since I
could make nothing out of all this but
a pastoral.
"Well," he said, laughing, "it was
more interesting at first. There was
a function here, and I'was told off with
my company to keep the crowd back.
The people pressed the marching col
umn, and as I passed along I said to
the sontry at that point, 'The crowd
mnst be kept back.' Tee, sor'— and
I noticed that it was Private Shaun
nessy, a good old vet, and passed on.
Casually turning around, I beheld the
greatest commotion and rushed back.
" 'Stop, stop!' Tyelled, 'I don't want
you to kill them!'
"The crowd was flying from the
quickly placed 'butts to the fronts,'
and Private Shaunnessy soon had
room.
" 'My dear man, you must not kill
them,' I said.
" 'I was not killing them, captain.
I thought it best to assume a threaten
ing attitude—sor.'
"Another soldier in dispersing a
crowd pointed with his finger at them,
and observed in a long southwestern
drawl: 'Now—l—want—you people
to get back. I know you don't uuder
staiul what I am talking about but ]
understand my orders, and now I atu
going to plow into you,' with which
calm statement he moved forward with
the light of battle in his eyes. The
crowd was as feathers in a wind."
But when Havana thinks over her
vicissitudes in the soming years, she
can say the American made Havana
look like Sunday morning in a New
England village on a summer's day,
and a Spanish-American town is not
like that by nature.
THE NEW RURAL POSTAL SYSTEM.
Delivery Wagon* That Will l?epl ace 40,-
000 Minor PoMtofficeA.
The Government has commenced to
operate postal wagons which are in
tended to replace a majority of the
star route postoffices in the United
States. The star route offices are
those which are called fourth-class
postoffices, and the postmasters in
charge of these have been paid a per
centage on the postal business they
transacted. As fast as possible these
wagons will be introduced through
out the United States. Each State
will be divided into circuits, these
circuits being of the length that a
wagon can cover in a day. The postal
clerks in charge of these wagons issue
money orders, register letters and
transact a general postal business.
The mail is delivered either at the
bouses of the people along the route
or placed in what is called :i rural free
delivery box near a residence. The
postal clerk has one key to tbis box
and the occupants of the residence the
other. In this way the postoffice
DELIVERING LETTERS AT THE ROADSIDE
UNDER THE NEW SYSTEM. A HORN
BLOWN BY THE DRIVEi! NOTIFIES THE
FARMER FOLK THAT THERE IS MAII
FOR THEM.
comes to the people instead of theii
going to the postoffice.
The inventor of this postoffic«
wagon is Edwin W. Shriver, of West
minster, Md. It is estimated by the
Postoffice Department that about 40,-
000 of the minor rural postoffices will
bo done away with by the use of these
wagons.
Millions of Ririh on Ley«ou Inland.
Leyson Island, which lies abou*
800 miles west of Honolulu, is a gi'
gantic birds' neat. About twenty
five different species are found there,
including ducks, boobies, gulls aud
frigate birds. On tbis speck of laud
BIRDS ON LETSON ISLAND.
the birds lay, hatch and die by mill
ions. They gather on the railroad
track in such numbers that they im
pede the progress of the mule cars,
and a man sits in front of the car with
a stick and pushes them out of the
wwwn* tea in yjitamnwwa" -c j
way. The inhabitants frequently ara
compelled to close doors and windows
to prevent the birds from coming into
their hoaxes in numbers. A wheel
barrow full of eggs may be gathered
in a short time.
| NOVEL PATH FOR CYCLISTS.
As Elevated Affair Nine Mile* Lone In
Southern California.
In the mountainous region about
Los Angeles and Pasadena, in South
ern California, the lot of the wheel
man is not an altogether happy one,
for cycle paths are unknown there
and beyond city limits the way for
riders is so rough and rolling that the
pleasures of cycling scarcely compen
sate for the pains. A change is about
to come over the face of these condi
tions, however, by the construction of
the most novel and elaborate wheel
way in this country and probably in
the world. Au elevated cycle path of
framework nine miles long has been
designed to conuect the two places.
Pasadena and Los Augeles are sis
ter cities, and the problem of trans
portation between them has been slow
to find solution owing to the rolling
character of the intervening country
aud the waterways. The amount of
traffic between the towns demanded
facilities, and as ways to furnish
these were found tli3 travel increased,
until now they are bound together by
a chaiu of four railroads, three of
steam power aud one electric. After
the last link was added to this chain
there remaiued a large contingent of
the popu'atiou in both cities that was
still unprovided for. There was not
a tit route for cyclists.
The lack of gr,od roads between Los
Angeles and Pasadena has been keen
ly felt for years, aud the hills inter
vening made the construction of an
ordinary cycle path impracticable.
The trip northward to Pasadena is an
uphill grind. In spite of these dis
comforts many made the inter-city
trip for business or pleasure, and not
withstanding all disadvantages the
ranks of the cyclists increased, until
there are at least 30,000 in Los An
geles County alone. This growth in
the face of discouragement suggested
the commercial wisdom of catering to
so persistent a sport, aud the geuius
for the emergency uppeared in the
person of Horace M. Dobbins, of
Pasadena, who organized the Califor
nia Cycleway Company. Capital was
ELEVATED CYCLE PATH NINE MILES LONO
quickly forthcoming and plans were
drawn for an elevated balcony, stretch
ing between the sister cities, exclu
sively for cyclists. The franchise
aud right of way have been secured.
The path will be supported by pil
lars of different heights, to equalize
the grade, aud the floor will be of
boards. The width will be about teu
feet, aud each side will be inclosed
by lattice work rising to a height of
about four feet. The path will be
lighted by a double row of lights,
placed so as to alternate as they do on
the East River Bridge, and half way
between the cities a park aud casino
will be established by the company.
The tariff for the use of the structure
has been figured dowu to a nominal
basis, on a plan of Issuing annual
passes with a share of stock. The
cycleway will start from a central
point iu Pasadena and winding down
the Arroyo Seco on its eisteru sidij
will cross the Los Angeles River some
distance below Beuua Vista street and
terminate at the plaza iu Los Angeles.
Wheelmen aud whetlwomeu will be
able to glide along this smooth way
almost without exertion going south
to Los Angeles, looking off upon the
rolling scenery or dowu upon the
woods, the fields, the hills and hol
lows, the heavy roads from which
they are freed, aud the car tracks that
cannot jolt them. Reversing the ride
and traveling north from Los Angeles
will be no hardship, for the grade has
been laid out so that it is almost im
perceptible.
Battle Ship Maine's Memorial Chapel.
The chapel of the new naval academy
buildings at Annapolis, Md., which
are to cost in all §6,000,000, will be
dedicated to the men who were lost in
the wrecking of the battle ship Maine.
This new chapel will occupv the highest
point ou tho grounds aud will be one
of the prettiest buildings in the group.
Mr. Flagg's plans for the chapel, which
THE CHAPEL AT ANNAPOLIS.
are now in the Treasury Departni'-nt
provide for a domed building iu th(
form of a quatre-foil. A bove the v>rin
cipal entrance will be placed this in
scription: "To the Glory of God iu
Memory of the U. 8. S. Maine and Ite
Crew, Who Were Destroyed in Havana
Harbor February 15, 1898." The
foundations of the chapel are 160 feet
square and the dome's height 150 feet,
so the new chapel is co small affair.
|FOR FARM AND GARDEN!^
Manure for Early Potatoes.
It is hardly possible to make land
;oo rich where the early crop of pota
:oes is to be plauted. The rich soil
usures early growth of the plants,and
;hat they will come up with thick,
/igorous stalks, which is the unfailing
sign of a good crop. Too much mnu
-1 ire will ouuse rot in potatoes late in
1 :he season, but with early potatoes
| the crop is generally harvested before
| it has time either to mature or rot.
I Cienerally the early potato crop may
je got off in time to plant cabbage for
! » late crop, and there will be richer
3oil for the cabbage roots than there
w»a while the potatoss were growing.
Cultivate Digestive Power.
The ability to digest its food prop
j sriy is, after all, the most important
itid necessary characteristic of any
really valuable animal. It is possible
to increase digestive power,and it can
be done even before birth, by seeing
to it that the dam bearing young is
alwaye supplied with good, nutritious
food in proper ijuantities. A sow
with pigs, which is kept in cold quar
ters and poorly fed, will almost cer
tainly drop two or more runts in her
litter. It is hard work making a runt
pay its keep. The extra food it gets
would have paid much better if fed to
an animal properly born. All yo.fug
; animals have weak digestion. If they
; ire never allowed to surfeit them
| selves this will grow stronger. By
I the time a pig is lour or five months
i old it will make faster growth, though
| Qot In proportion to its size than it
'lid Hi st. It is a larger animal and
I can digest food that it could not while
I '<*. was younger.
Feeding Sitting Hon*.
A hen does not know much at the
; best. If she ouce begins to sit, even
:hough it be on an empty nest, her
attention will be so entirely devoted
to the business she lias undertaken
; that she will remain ou the nest with
out taking time to take necessary food
and drink. Sncli a hen very quickly
tuns down in flesh,and is also probably
permanently injured for egg produc
;iou. Nature cannot sustain life with
out food, and if other food is not pro
i'ided, it is quite probable that what
jggs she has in her ovum that are not
forward enough to lay will be absorbed,
»ud aid in keeping up the hen's vital
ity, such as milk may be when a cow
is partially starved. At least once a
lay the hen should be pulled off the
aest, and not allowed togo to it until
she has taken both water and grain.
The best grain of all for a sitting hen
if you want to cure her sitting fever
is wheat. We have usually found
that if hens were fed wheat while sit
ting', and after their chickens were
hatched, that they would not remain
with their chickens longer than to give
them time to learn to roost before
thev would begin to lay eggs again.
If a hen is too old to break up thus,
she is too old to be longer kept for
orofit.
Grafting and Untitling Trees.
The proper season for grafting or
budding trees is when the buds begin
to open upon the stock to bo grafted,
but it is better that they should not
uave started on the scions, which is
the reason for cutting the scions in
winter aud keeping them in a cool
place until wanted to retard their
growth. We have successfully set
scions cut the same day, but they
were from trees not as far advauced as
the stock, either by reason of being a
later variety or growing in colder soil,
but as a rule would have scions cut iu
winter, but when not frozen.
As so many trees have been injured
by the weather the past winter many
may desire to graft seedling trees to
set in place of those killed, or to con
vert old trees of undesirable varieties
into better sorts. They may be grafted
at almost any age after one year old,
s.ud for young trees where the scion
and the stock are nearly of the same
size, splice or whip gralting is the
best method. After the stock is two
inches through, and upon limbs of
that size in old trees, cleft grafting is
usually done. We have seen liinl>3
much larger, cleft open, aud two or
more scions putin, taking pains of
course to match the bark of the scion
with that of the stock or branch iu
which it is set. In such case usually
all are cut away the next spring, but
tho most thrifty one, though some
times two are left to form a crotch iu
the tree, but such crotches aro more
liable to bo weak and split down than
Due formed naturally by a branching
limb.
Iu grafting branches of old trees do
not cut away more than one-third of
the old limb iu oue year, as the loss
of so much foiiage may injure it. If
it is desired to change the character
of the whole tree, it is belter to take
three or four yeais for the work.
We do not like to g.att a late apple
or pear into the stock of an early-rip
sning variety, i r a sour apple into a
sweet, as we think the character of
the fruit is often, of not always, af
fected by the character of the stock.
Aud we would not set a rapid-glowing
sort into a slow-growing stock or any
into a sort liable to early decay, as
wheu the scion outgrows the stock it
is a deformity,and if stock dies youug
tho branches must die. Not all or
chardists or nurserymen would sus
tain us in our opinion upon the first
named points, but we were never con
vinced that we were wrong,though wo
have seen three or four kinds of apples
grafted aud growing well npon one
tree. As a curiosity it was a success,
as the apples \aiied in size, color n-d
time jf ripening, but it is desirable
oniy where one has not room foe as
raauy trees as he desires to va
rieties.
Some growers often prefer badding
to grafting, and it is quite as easily
done if undertaken when the sap has
started enough to allow the bark to
separate readily from the wood that
the bud may be inserted. It is moat
usually practiced ou all stoua fruits,
though some succeed well in grafting
the plum trees. Apples and pears are
not budded as frequently as they are
grafted, but it is sometimes done, and
we know of no objections to it. It
may be less difficult tliau splice graft
ing on trees two or three years old.
A sharp knife and a good quality of
grafting wax or waxed cloth are the
main requisites in either grafting 01
budding, afler, of course, having good
stocks and good scions. In cleft graft
ing a chisel or other tools to split the
stock, and a wedge to hold it open
until the scion is in, are needed un
less the knife is a strong one.
Afier grafting, when the buds on
have started well, loosen the
bandage, that it may not be too tight,
and sea that the wax is covering all
the wound. After budding, in the
next spring or often in the fall, the
branch of the old tree should be cut
ofl' above the bud to allow the new
branch to come up into place.—Amer
ican Cultivator.
Enpsrt Ch«p*e Making.
Have a good set of scales and a nice
clean strainer in a clean vat. Examiue
each can of milk as it is emptied into
the weighing can. Have a sample
tested and pay according to test. Aa
the milk is being weighed, the tem
perature should gradually be raised to
85 degrees. The milk should be
stirred gently to keep cream from ris
ing and to insure an even temperature.
Add coloring if wanted and stir to mix
it in thoroughly. Do not apply ren
net for 10 or 15 minutes after steam
has been turned oft' unless milk is
overripe. Add goad rennet (diluted
with water) enough to coagulate it lit
4or the knife in HO minutes. Then
cut lengthwise with horizontal knife,
commeuciug before the curd ia hard,
moving very carefully not to disturb
the mass. Thau cut crosswise, with
perpendicular knife, then lengthwise.
The curd will be about the size of
dice. Turn the curd with the hands
very carefully, going twice around the
vat. Loosen particles at sides or bot
tom of the pan, then turn curd over
carefully with hands, goiug twice
around the vat again before applying
the heat. It pays to be very careful
in handling while the curd is soft.
After heating, stir constautly,keeping
all the particles of curd separate,
raise temperature say two degrees per
hour until the curd is cooked, never
above 98 degrees, or 96 degrees in dry
and clear weather.
Run oil' the whey until there is just
enough to cover the curd, which I
would stir so as to expel the whey and
get it well and ovenly cooked. When
the curd is fairly tirni and shows one
eighth inch of acid by the hot iron
test, the whe.v should be drawn oft' and
i the curd dipped into a sink and stirred
1 until fairly dry. One of the tine
S points is to kuow just how much
I moisture to leave on the cheese at this
| stage. If tiie acid is developing fast
the curd will need to bo stirred drier
! thin otherwise. Spread the curd
[ evenly over the racks in the siuk about
! five inches deep, being careful to have
it the same depth at the sides aud
ends as in the middle. After it has
matted, cut with a thin-bladed, dull
pointed knife into strips about eight
inches wide, turu over, doubling the
pieces at the ends of the siuk. In
about 15 minutes, cut through the
centre and turn again, putting the
outer ends in aud doubling if the acid
is developing slowly, but if fast, do
not double. Sometimes it is necessary
to pile. An even temperature of all
the curd is important. When sufficient
acid is developed (one inch by acid
test to two inches on cool day) cut
into pieces about five inches square
ready for the curd cutter. After mill
ing, stir well. Wheu it has a nice
cheesy flavor, cuts smooth and close
and shows butter when squeezed in
the hand, apply the salt, 2 1-2 pounds
to 1000 pounds milk, well stirred in.
After staudiug 15 minutes it is ready
for the press. All cheese should be
uniform in make aud si/a and finish.
Put to press at 84 degress increasing
pressure gradually at first Take out
in 45 minutes, pall bandage and leave
no wriukles. Pu\ ou cap cloths nicely,
then put back in press, adding pres
sure gradually but not too strong.
Turn cheese in the press in the morn
ing and leave under pressure until the
press will be needed for next butch in
the afternoon.
Ail even temperature of about 70
degrees is important. In summer
doors and windows should be opeu in
the evening after sundown an i early
in the morning aud closed shortly
after sunrise, ro keep out the heat.
An ice box is good. On co 1 days,
leave shutters and windows open ou
shady side of buildiug. Plenty of
light and air is good, but keep it out
of direct draft and out of direct sun
light. In cooler weather, a stove or
steam heat may be used to keep the
temperature up to 70 degrees. Tb®
whole curing room should be clean and
in order, and the shelves need to be
dusted every day when new cheese is
put upon them. Turn every day un
til three or four weeks old, when thia
will be tit to ship.—Thomas J. Dillon
in Xew England Homestead.
Animnl» Yfliiclt Knjoy Joke*.
Many animals not only eujoy having
fnu, but play practical jokes on each
other. The stork has a singular habit
of standing ou one leg and in that at
titude he tries to meditate on the
transitory events of life. While deep
in a revery, and perhaps a little ab
senl-miiided, he will take up a position
near the water. A pelican will waddlo
np and with a chuckle seud the poor
stork splashing iuto it. This is l'uu
for the pelican, but tha atovk fails to
appreciate the joke.